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+Kernel driver w83781d
+=====================
+
+Supported chips:
+  * Winbond W83781D
+    Prefix: 'w83781d'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x20 - 0x2f, ISA 0x290 (8 I/O ports)
+    Datasheet: http://www.winbond-usa.com/products/winbond_products/pdfs/PCIC/w83781d.pdf
+  * Winbond W83782D
+    Prefix: 'w83782d'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x20 - 0x2f, ISA 0x290 (8 I/O ports)
+    Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83782d.pdf
+  * Winbond W83783S
+    Prefix: 'w83783s'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2d
+    Datasheet: http://www.winbond-usa.com/products/winbond_products/pdfs/PCIC/w83783s.pdf
+  * Winbond W83627HF
+    Prefix: 'w83627hf'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x20 - 0x2f, ISA 0x290 (8 I/O ports)
+    Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com/PDF/sheet/w83627hf.pdf
+  * Asus AS99127F
+    Prefix: 'as99127f'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x28 - 0x2f
+    Datasheet: Unavailable from Asus
+
+Authors:
+        Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
+        Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>,
+        Mark Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>
+
+Module parameters
+-----------------
+
+* init int
+  (default 1)
+  Use 'init=0' to bypass initializing the chip.
+  Try this if your computer crashes when you load the module.
+
+force_subclients=bus,caddr,saddr,saddr
+  This is used to force the i2c addresses for subclients of
+  a certain chip. Typical usage is `force_subclients=0,0x2d,0x4a,0x4b'
+  to force the subclients of chip 0x2d on bus 0 to i2c addresses
+  0x4a and 0x4b. This parameter is useful for certain Tyan boards.
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This driver implements support for the Winbond W83781D, W83782D, W83783S,
+W83627HF chips, and the Asus AS99127F chips. We will refer to them
+collectively as W8378* chips.
+
+There is quite some difference between these chips, but they are similar
+enough that it was sensible to put them together in one driver.
+The W83627HF chip is assumed to be identical to the ISA W83782D.
+The Asus chips are similar to an I2C-only W83782D.
+
+Chip        #vin    #fanin  #pwm    #temp   wchipid vendid  i2c     ISA
+as99127f    7       3       0       3       0x31    0x12c3  yes     no
+as99127f rev.2 (type_name = as99127f)       0x31    0x5ca3  yes     no
+w83781d     7       3       0       3       0x10-1  0x5ca3  yes     yes
+w83627hf    9       3       2       3       0x21    0x5ca3  yes     yes(LPC)
+w83782d     9       3       2-4     3       0x30    0x5ca3  yes     yes
+w83783s     5-6     3       2       1-2     0x40    0x5ca3  yes     no
+
+Detection of these chips can sometimes be foiled because they can be in
+an internal state that allows no clean access. If you know the address
+of the chip, use a 'force' parameter; this will put them into a more
+well-behaved state first.
+
+The W8378* implements temperature sensors (three on the W83781D and W83782D,
+two on the W83783S), three fan rotation speed sensors, voltage sensors
+(seven on the W83781D, nine on the W83782D and six on the W83783S), VID
+lines, alarms with beep warnings, and some miscellaneous stuff.
+
+Temperatures are measured in degrees Celsius. There is always one main
+temperature sensor, and one (W83783S) or two (W83781D and W83782D) other
+sensors. An alarm is triggered for the main sensor once when the
+Overtemperature Shutdown limit is crossed; it is triggered again as soon as
+it drops below the Hysteresis value. A more useful behavior
+can be found by setting the Hysteresis value to +127 degrees Celsius; in
+this case, alarms are issued during all the time when the actual temperature
+is above the Overtemperature Shutdown value. The driver sets the
+hysteresis value for temp1 to 127 at initialization.
+
+For the other temperature sensor(s), an alarm is triggered when the
+temperature gets higher then the Overtemperature Shutdown value; it stays
+on until the temperature falls below the Hysteresis value. But on the
+W83781D, there is only one alarm that functions for both other sensors!
+Temperatures are guaranteed within a range of -55 to +125 degrees. The
+main temperature sensors has a resolution of 1 degree; the other sensor(s)
+of 0.5 degree.
+
+Fan rotation speeds are reported in RPM (rotations per minute). An alarm is
+triggered if the rotation speed has dropped below a programmable limit. Fan
+readings can be divided by a programmable divider (1, 2, 4 or 8 for the
+W83781D; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128 for the others) to give
+the readings more range or accuracy. Not all RPM values can accurately
+be represented, so some rounding is done. With a divider of 2, the lowest
+representable value is around 2600 RPM.
+
+Voltage sensors (also known as IN sensors) report their values in volts.
+An alarm is triggered if the voltage has crossed a programmable minimum
+or maximum limit. Note that minimum in this case always means 'closest to
+zero'; this is important for negative voltage measurements. All voltage
+inputs can measure voltages between 0 and 4.08 volts, with a resolution
+of 0.016 volt.
+
+The VID lines encode the core voltage value: the voltage level your processor
+should work with. This is hardcoded by the mainboard and/or processor itself.
+It is a value in volts. When it is unconnected, you will often find the
+value 3.50 V here.
+
+The W83782D and W83783S temperature conversion machine understands about
+several kinds of temperature probes. You can program the so-called
+beta value in the sensor files. '1' is the PII/Celeron diode, '2' is the
+TN3904 transistor, and 3435 the default thermistor value. Other values
+are (not yet) supported.
+
+In addition to the alarms described above, there is a CHAS alarm on the
+chips which triggers if your computer case is open.
+
+When an alarm goes off, you can be warned by a beeping signal through
+your computer speaker. It is possible to enable all beeping globally,
+or only the beeping for some alarms.
+
+If an alarm triggers, it will remain triggered until the hardware register
+is read at least once. This means that the cause for the alarm may
+already have disappeared! Note that in the current implementation, all
+hardware registers are read whenever any data is read (unless it is less
+than 1.5 seconds since the last update). This means that you can easily
+miss once-only alarms.
+
+The chips only update values each 1.5 seconds; reading them more often
+will do no harm, but will return 'old' values.
+
+AS99127F PROBLEMS
+-----------------
+The as99127f support was developed without the benefit of a datasheet.
+In most cases it is treated as a w83781d (although revision 2 of the
+AS99127F looks more like a w83782d).
+This support will be BETA until a datasheet is released.
+One user has reported problems with fans stopping
+occasionally.
+
+Note that the individual beep bits are inverted from the other chips.
+The driver now takes care of this so that user-space applications
+don't have to know about it.
+
+Known problems:
+        - Problems with diode/thermistor settings (supported?)
+        - One user reports fans stopping under high server load.
+        - Revision 2 seems to have 2 PWM registers but we don't know
+          how to handle them. More details below.
+
+These will not be fixed unless we get a datasheet.
+If you have problems, please lobby Asus to release a datasheet.
+Unfortunately several others have without success.
+Please do not send mail to us asking for better as99127f support.
+We have done the best we can without a datasheet.
+Please do not send mail to the author or the sensors group asking for
+a datasheet or ideas on how to convince Asus. We can't help.
+
+
+NOTES:
+-----
+  783s has no in1 so that in[2-6] are compatible with the 781d/782d.
+
+  783s pin is programmable for -5V or temp1; defaults to -5V,
+       no control in driver so temp1 doesn't work.
+
+  782d and 783s datasheets differ on which is pwm1 and which is pwm2.
+       We chose to follow 782d.
+
+  782d and 783s pin is programmable for fan3 input or pwm2 output;
+       defaults to fan3 input.
+       If pwm2 is enabled (with echo 255 1 > pwm2), then
+       fan3 will report 0.
+
+  782d has pwm1-2 for ISA, pwm1-4 for i2c. (pwm3-4 share pins with
+       the ISA pins)
+
+Data sheet updates:
+------------------
+        - PWM clock registers:
+
+                000: master /  512
+                001: master / 1024
+                010: master / 2048
+                011: master / 4096
+                100: master / 8192
+
+
+Answers from Winbond tech support
+---------------------------------
+>
+> 1) In the W83781D data sheet section 7.2 last paragraph, it talks about
+>    reprogramming the R-T table if the Beta of the thermistor is not
+>    3435K. The R-T table is described briefly in section 8.20.
+>    What formulas do I use to program a new R-T table for a given Beta?
+>
+        We are sorry that the calculation for R-T table value is
+confidential. If you have another Beta value of thermistor, we can help
+to calculate the R-T table for you. But you should give us real R-T
+Table which can be gotten by thermistor vendor. Therefore we will calculate
+them and obtain 32-byte data, and you can fill the 32-byte data to the
+register in Bank0.CR51 of W83781D.
+
+
+> 2) In the W83782D data sheet, it mentions that pins 38, 39, and 40 are
+>    programmable to be either thermistor or Pentium II diode inputs.
+>    How do I program them for diode inputs? I can't find any register
+>    to program these to be diode inputs.
+ --> You may program Bank0 CR[5Dh] and CR[59h] registers.
+
+        CR[5Dh]                 bit 1(VTIN1)    bit 2(VTIN2)   bit 3(VTIN3)
+
+        thermistor                0              0              0
+        diode                     1              1              1
+
+
+(error) CR[59h]                 bit 4(VTIN1)    bit 2(VTIN2)   bit 3(VTIN3)
+(right) CR[59h]                 bit 4(VTIN1)    bit 5(VTIN2)   bit 6(VTIN3)
+
+        PII thermal diode         1              1              1
+        2N3904  diode             0              0              0
+
+
+Asus Clones
+-----------
+
+We have no datasheets for the Asus clones (AS99127F and ASB100 Bach).
+Here are some very useful information that were given to us by Alex Van
+Kaam about how to detect these chips, and how to read their values. He
+also gives advice for another Asus chipset, the Mozart-2 (which we
+don't support yet). Thanks Alex!
+I reworded some parts and added personal comments.
+
+# Detection:
+
+AS99127F rev.1, AS99127F rev.2 and ASB100:
+- I2C address range: 0x29 - 0x2F
+- If register 0x58 holds 0x31 then we have an Asus (either ASB100 or
+  AS99127F)
+- Which one depends on register 0x4F (manufacturer ID):
+  0x06 or 0x94: ASB100
+  0x12 or 0xC3: AS99127F rev.1
+  0x5C or 0xA3: AS99127F rev.2
+  Note that 0x5CA3 is Winbond's ID (WEC), which let us think Asus get their
+  AS99127F rev.2 direct from Winbond. The other codes mean ATT and DVC,
+  respectively. ATT could stand for Asustek something (although it would be
+  very badly chosen IMHO), I don't know what DVC could stand for. Maybe
+  these codes simply aren't meant to be decoded that way.
+
+Mozart-2:
+- I2C address: 0x77
+- If register 0x58 holds 0x56 or 0x10 then we have a Mozart-2
+- Of the Mozart there are 3 types:
+  0x58=0x56, 0x4E=0x94, 0x4F=0x36: Asus ASM58 Mozart-2
+  0x58=0x56, 0x4E=0x94, 0x4F=0x06: Asus AS2K129R Mozart-2
+  0x58=0x10, 0x4E=0x5C, 0x4F=0xA3: Asus ??? Mozart-2
+  You can handle all 3 the exact same way :)
+
+# Temperature sensors:
+
+ASB100:
+- sensor 1: register 0x27
+- sensor 2 & 3 are the 2 LM75's on the SMBus
+- sensor 4: register 0x17
+Remark: I noticed that on Intel boards sensor 2 is used for the CPU
+  and 4 is ignored/stuck, on AMD boards sensor 4 is the CPU and sensor 2 is
+  either ignored or a socket temperature.
+
+AS99127F (rev.1 and 2 alike):
+- sensor 1: register 0x27
+- sensor 2 & 3 are the 2 LM75's on the SMBus
+Remark: Register 0x5b is suspected to be temperature type selector. Bit 1
+  would control temp1, bit 3 temp2 and bit 5 temp3.
+
+Mozart-2:
+- sensor 1: register 0x27
+- sensor 2: register 0x13
+
+# Fan sensors:
+
+ASB100, AS99127F (rev.1 and 2 alike):
+- 3 fans, identical to the W83781D
+
+Mozart-2:
+- 2 fans only, 1350000/RPM/div
+- fan 1: register 0x28,  divisor on register 0xA1 (bits 4-5)
+- fan 2: register 0x29,  divisor on register 0xA1 (bits 6-7)
+
+# Voltages:
+
+This is where there is a difference between AS99127F rev.1 and 2.
+Remark: The difference is similar to the difference between
+  W83781D and W83782D.
+
+ASB100:
+in0=r(0x20)*0.016
+in1=r(0x21)*0.016
+in2=r(0x22)*0.016
+in3=r(0x23)*0.016*1.68
+in4=r(0x24)*0.016*3.8
+in5=r(0x25)*(-0.016)*3.97
+in6=r(0x26)*(-0.016)*1.666
+
+AS99127F rev.1:
+in0=r(0x20)*0.016
+in1=r(0x21)*0.016
+in2=r(0x22)*0.016
+in3=r(0x23)*0.016*1.68
+in4=r(0x24)*0.016*3.8
+in5=r(0x25)*(-0.016)*3.97
+in6=r(0x26)*(-0.016)*1.503
+
+AS99127F rev.2:
+in0=r(0x20)*0.016
+in1=r(0x21)*0.016
+in2=r(0x22)*0.016
+in3=r(0x23)*0.016*1.68
+in4=r(0x24)*0.016*3.8
+in5=(r(0x25)*0.016-3.6)*5.14+3.6
+in6=(r(0x26)*0.016-3.6)*3.14+3.6
+
+Mozart-2:
+in0=r(0x20)*0.016
+in1=255
+in2=r(0x22)*0.016
+in3=r(0x23)*0.016*1.68
+in4=r(0x24)*0.016*4
+in5=255
+in6=255
+
+
+# PWM
+
+Additional info about PWM on the AS99127F (may apply to other Asus
+chips as well) by Jean Delvare as of 2004-04-09:
+
+AS99127F revision 2 seems to have two PWM registers at 0x59 and 0x5A,
+and a temperature sensor type selector at 0x5B (which basically means
+that they swapped registers 0x59 and 0x5B when you compare with Winbond
+chips).
+Revision 1 of the chip also has the temperature sensor type selector at
+0x5B, but PWM registers have no effect.
+
+We don't know exactly how the temperature sensor type selection works.
+Looks like bits 1-0 are for temp1, bits 3-2 for temp2 and bits 5-4 for
+temp3, although it is possible that only the most significant bit matters
+each time. So far, values other than 0 always broke the readings.
+
+PWM registers seem to be split in two parts: bit 7 is a mode selector,
+while the other bits seem to define a value or threshold.
+
+When bit 7 is clear, bits 6-0 seem to hold a threshold value. If the value
+is below a given limit, the fan runs at low speed. If the value is above
+the limit, the fan runs at full speed. We have no clue as to what the limit
+represents. Note that there seem to be some inertia in this mode, speed
+changes may need some time to trigger. Also, an hysteresis mechanism is
+suspected since walking through all the values increasingly and then
+decreasingly led to slightly different limits.
+
+When bit 7 is set, bits 3-0 seem to hold a threshold value, while bits 6-4
+would not be significant. If the value is below a given limit, the fan runs
+at full speed, while if it is above the limit it runs at low speed (so this
+is the contrary of the other mode, in a way). Here again, we don't know
+what the limit is supposed to represent.
+
+One remarkable thing is that the fans would only have two or three
+different speeds (transitional states left apart), not a whole range as
+you usually get with PWM.
+
+As a conclusion, you can write 0x00 or 0x8F to the PWM registers to make
+fans run at low speed, and 0x7F or 0x80 to make them run at full speed.
+
+Please contact us if you can figure out how it is supposed to work. As
+long as we don't know more, the w83781d driver doesn't handle PWM on
+AS99127F chips at all.
+
+Additional info about PWM on the AS99127F rev.1 by Hector Martin:
+
+I've been fiddling around with the (in)famous 0x59 register and
+found out the following values do work as a form of coarse pwm:
+
+0x80 - seems to turn fans off after some time(1-2 minutes)... might be
+some form of auto-fan-control based on temp? hmm (Qfan? this mobo is an
+old ASUS, it isn't marketed as Qfan. Maybe some beta pre-attemp at Qfan
+that was dropped at the BIOS)
+0x81 - off
+0x82 - slightly "on-ner" than off, but my fans do not get to move. I can
+hear the high-pitched PWM sound that motors give off at too-low-pwm.
+0x83 - now they do move. Estimate about 70% speed or so.
+0x84-0x8f - full on
+
+Changing the high nibble doesn't seem to do much except the high bit
+(0x80) must be set for PWM to work, else the current pwm doesn't seem to
+change.
+
+My mobo is an ASUS A7V266-E. This behavior is similar to what I got
+with speedfan under Windows, where 0-15% would be off, 15-2x% (can't
+remember the exact value) would be 70% and higher would be full on.