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authorAustin Beam <austinbeam@ti.com>2014-03-06 07:41:53 -0500
committerKishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>2014-03-09 03:15:07 -0400
commit7e472402ca308287a2474d4c9011f69f33fa19cb (patch)
tree6d209c68dff18d6ee80daae357217f5e3f208dae /tools/perf/scripts/python/syscall-counts-by-pid.py
parent09a0168de11a4a487c2d1c78366491b695e0c15a (diff)
phy: omap-usb2: Provide workaround for USB2PHY false disconnect
Enable the dra7x errata workaround for false disconnect problem with USB2PHY. False disconnects were detected with some of the devices. Reduce the sensitivity of the disconnect logic within the USB2PHY subsystem to enusre these false disconnects are not registered. [george.cherian@ti.com] While at that, pass proper flags for each SoC's. This is a common driver used across OMAP4,OMAP5,DRA7xx and AM437x USB2PHY. False disconnect workaround is currently applicable for only DRA7x. Signed-off-by: Austin Beam <austinbeam@ti.com> Signed-off-by: George Cherian <george.cherian@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/perf/scripts/python/syscall-counts-by-pid.py')
0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions
2:16:45 -0500 fs: move get_empty_filp() deffinition to internal.h' href='/cgit/cgit.cgi/litmus-rt-budgetable-locks.git/.git/commit/fs/namei.c?h=update_litmus_2019&id=e81e3f4dca6c54116a24aec217d2c15c6f58ada5'>e81e3f4dca6c
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/*
 *  linux/fs/namei.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 * Some corrections by tytso.
 */

/* [Feb 1997 T. Schoebel-Theuer] Complete rewrite of the pathname
 * lookup logic.
 */
/* [Feb-Apr 2000, AV] Rewrite to the new namespace architecture.
 */

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/ima.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/device_cgroup.h>
#include <linux/fs_struct.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/init_task.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#include "internal.h"
#include "mount.h"

/* [Feb-1997 T. Schoebel-Theuer]
 * Fundamental changes in the pathname lookup mechanisms (namei)
 * were necessary because of omirr.  The reason is that omirr needs
 * to know the _real_ pathname, not the user-supplied one, in case
 * of symlinks (and also when transname replacements occur).
 *
 * The new code replaces the old recursive symlink resolution with
 * an iterative one (in case of non-nested symlink chains).  It does
 * this with calls to <fs>_follow_link().
 * As a side effect, dir_namei(), _namei() and follow_link() are now 
 * replaced with a single function lookup_dentry() that can handle all 
 * the special cases of the former code.
 *
 * With the new dcache, the pathname is stored at each inode, at least as
 * long as the refcount of the inode is positive.  As a side effect, the
 * size of the dcache depends on the inode cache and thus is dynamic.
 *
 * [29-Apr-1998 C. Scott Ananian] Updated above description of symlink
 * resolution to correspond with current state of the code.
 *
 * Note that the symlink resolution is not *completely* iterative.
 * There is still a significant amount of tail- and mid- recursion in
 * the algorithm.  Also, note that <fs>_readlink() is not used in
 * lookup_dentry(): lookup_dentry() on the result of <fs>_readlink()
 * may return different results than <fs>_follow_link().  Many virtual
 * filesystems (including /proc) exhibit this behavior.
 */

/* [24-Feb-97 T. Schoebel-Theuer] Side effects caused by new implementation:
 * New symlink semantics: when open() is called with flags O_CREAT | O_EXCL
 * and the name already exists in form of a symlink, try to create the new
 * name indicated by the symlink. The old code always complained that the
 * name already exists, due to not following the symlink even if its target
 * is nonexistent.  The new semantics affects also mknod() and link() when
 * the name is a symlink pointing to a non-existent name.
 *
 * I don't know which semantics is the right one, since I have no access
 * to standards. But I found by trial that HP-UX 9.0 has the full "new"
 * semantics implemented, while SunOS 4.1.1 and Solaris (SunOS 5.4) have the
 * "old" one. Personally, I think the new semantics is much more logical.
 * Note that "ln old new" where "new" is a symlink pointing to a non-existing
 * file does succeed in both HP-UX and SunOs, but not in Solaris
 * and in the old Linux semantics.
 */

/* [16-Dec-97 Kevin Buhr] For security reasons, we change some symlink
 * semantics.  See the comments in "open_namei" and "do_link" below.
 *
 * [10-Sep-98 Alan Modra] Another symlink change.
 */

/* [Feb-Apr 2000 AV] Complete rewrite. Rules for symlinks:
 *	inside the path - always follow.
 *	in the last component in creation/removal/renaming - never follow.
 *	if LOOKUP_FOLLOW passed - follow.
 *	if the pathname has trailing slashes - follow.
 *	otherwise - don't follow.
 * (applied in that order).
 *
 * [Jun 2000 AV] Inconsistent behaviour of open() in case if flags==O_CREAT
 * restored for 2.4. This is the last surviving part of old 4.2BSD bug.
 * During the 2.4 we need to fix the userland stuff depending on it -
 * hopefully we will be able to get rid of that wart in 2.5. So far only
 * XEmacs seems to be relying on it...
 */
/*
 * [Sep 2001 AV] Single-semaphore locking scheme (kudos to David Holland)
 * implemented.  Let's see if raised priority of ->s_vfs_rename_mutex gives
 * any extra contention...
 */

/* In order to reduce some races, while at the same time doing additional
 * checking and hopefully speeding things up, we copy filenames to the
 * kernel data space before using them..
 *
 * POSIX.1 2.4: an empty pathname is invalid (ENOENT).
 * PATH_MAX includes the nul terminator --RR.
 */

#define EMBEDDED_NAME_MAX	(PATH_MAX - offsetof(struct filename, iname))

struct filename *
getname_flags(const char __user *filename, int flags, int *empty)
{
	struct filename *result;
	char *kname;
	int len;

	result = audit_reusename(filename);
	if (result)
		return result;

	result = __getname();
	if (unlikely(!result))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	/*
	 * First, try to embed the struct filename inside the names_cache
	 * allocation
	 */
	kname = (char *)result->iname;
	result->name = kname;

	len = strncpy_from_user(kname, filename, EMBEDDED_NAME_MAX);
	if (unlikely(len < 0)) {
		__putname(result);
		return ERR_PTR(len);
	}

	/*
	 * Uh-oh. We have a name that's approaching PATH_MAX. Allocate a
	 * separate struct filename so we can dedicate the entire
	 * names_cache allocation for the pathname, and re-do the copy from
	 * userland.
	 */
	if (unlikely(len == EMBEDDED_NAME_MAX)) {
		const size_t size = offsetof(struct filename, iname[1]);
		kname = (char *)result;

		/*
		 * size is chosen that way we to guarantee that
		 * result->iname[0] is within the same object and that
		 * kname can't be equal to result->iname, no matter what.
		 */
		result = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (unlikely(!result)) {
			__putname(kname);
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
		}
		result->name = kname;
		len = strncpy_from_user(kname, filename, PATH_MAX);
		if (unlikely(len < 0)) {
			__putname(kname);
			kfree(result);
			return ERR_PTR(len);
		}
		if (unlikely(len == PATH_MAX)) {
			__putname(kname);
			kfree(result);
			return ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);
		}
	}

	result->refcnt = 1;
	/* The empty path is special. */
	if (unlikely(!len)) {
		if (empty)
			*empty = 1;
		if (!(flags & LOOKUP_EMPTY)) {
			putname(result);
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
		}
	}

	result->uptr = filename;
	result->aname = NULL;
	audit_getname(result);
	return result;
}

struct filename *
getname(const char __user * filename)
{
	return getname_flags(filename, 0, NULL);
}

struct filename *
getname_kernel(const char * filename)
{
	struct filename *result;
	int len = strlen(filename) + 1;

	result = __getname();
	if (unlikely(!result))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	if (len <= EMBEDDED_NAME_MAX) {
		result->name = (char *)result->iname;
	} else if (len <= PATH_MAX) {
		struct filename *tmp;

		tmp = kmalloc(sizeof(*tmp), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (unlikely(!tmp)) {
			__putname(result);
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
		}
		tmp->name = (char *)result;
		result = tmp;
	} else {
		__putname(result);
		return ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);
	}
	memcpy((char *)result->name, filename, len);
	result->uptr = NULL;
	result->aname = NULL;
	result->refcnt = 1;
	audit_getname(result);

	return result;
}

void putname(struct filename *name)
{
	BUG_ON(name->refcnt <= 0);

	if (--name->refcnt > 0)
		return;

	if (name->name != name->iname) {
		__putname(name->name);
		kfree(name);
	} else
		__putname(name);
}

static int check_acl(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
	struct posix_acl *acl;

	if (mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK) {
		acl = get_cached_acl_rcu(inode, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);
	        if (!acl)
	                return -EAGAIN;
		/* no ->get_acl() calls in RCU mode... */
		if (is_uncached_acl(acl))
			return -ECHILD;
	        return posix_acl_permission(inode, acl, mask & ~MAY_NOT_BLOCK);
	}

	acl = get_acl(inode, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);
	if (IS_ERR(acl))
		return PTR_ERR(acl);
	if (acl) {
	        int error = posix_acl_permission(inode, acl, mask);
	        posix_acl_release(acl);
	        return error;
	}
#endif

	return -EAGAIN;
}

/*
 * This does the basic permission checking
 */
static int acl_permission_check(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	unsigned int mode = inode->i_mode;

	if (likely(uid_eq(current_fsuid(), inode->i_uid)))
		mode >>= 6;
	else {
		if (IS_POSIXACL(inode) && (mode & S_IRWXG)) {
			int error = check_acl(inode, mask);
			if (error != -EAGAIN)
				return error;
		}

		if (in_group_p(inode->i_gid))
			mode >>= 3;
	}

	/*
	 * If the DACs are ok we don't need any capability check.
	 */
	if ((mask & ~mode & (MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC)) == 0)
		return 0;
	return -EACCES;
}

/**
 * generic_permission -  check for access rights on a Posix-like filesystem
 * @inode:	inode to check access rights for
 * @mask:	right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC, ...)
 *
 * Used to check for read/write/execute permissions on a file.
 * We use "fsuid" for this, letting us set arbitrary permissions
 * for filesystem access without changing the "normal" uids which
 * are used for other things.
 *
 * generic_permission is rcu-walk aware. It returns -ECHILD in case an rcu-walk
 * request cannot be satisfied (eg. requires blocking or too much complexity).
 * It would then be called again in ref-walk mode.
 */
int generic_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	int ret;

	/*
	 * Do the basic permission checks.
	 */
	ret = acl_permission_check(inode, mask);
	if (ret != -EACCES)
		return ret;

	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
		/* DACs are overridable for directories */
		if (!(mask & MAY_WRITE))
			if (capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(inode,
						     CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH))
				return 0;
		if (capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(inode, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE))
			return 0;
		return -EACCES;
	}

	/*
	 * Searching includes executable on directories, else just read.
	 */
	mask &= MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC;
	if (mask == MAY_READ)
		if (capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(inode, CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH))
			return 0;
	/*
	 * Read/write DACs are always overridable.
	 * Executable DACs are overridable when there is
	 * at least one exec bit set.
	 */
	if (!(mask & MAY_EXEC) || (inode->i_mode & S_IXUGO))
		if (capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(inode, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE))
			return 0;

	return -EACCES;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_permission);

/*
 * We _really_ want to just do "generic_permission()" without
 * even looking at the inode->i_op values. So we keep a cache
 * flag in inode->i_opflags, that says "this has not special
 * permission function, use the fast case".
 */
static inline int do_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	if (unlikely(!(inode->i_opflags & IOP_FASTPERM))) {
		if (likely(inode->i_op->permission))
			return inode->i_op->permission(inode, mask);

		/* This gets set once for the inode lifetime */
		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
		inode->i_opflags |= IOP_FASTPERM;
		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
	}
	return generic_permission(inode, mask);
}

/**
 * __inode_permission - Check for access rights to a given inode
 * @inode: Inode to check permission on
 * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC)
 *
 * Check for read/write/execute permissions on an inode.
 *
 * When checking for MAY_APPEND, MAY_WRITE must also be set in @mask.
 *
 * This does not check for a read-only file system.  You probably want
 * inode_permission().
 */
int __inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	int retval;

	if (unlikely(mask & MAY_WRITE)) {
		/*
		 * Nobody gets write access to an immutable file.
		 */
		if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
			return -EPERM;

		/*
		 * Updating mtime will likely cause i_uid and i_gid to be
		 * written back improperly if their true value is unknown
		 * to the vfs.
		 */
		if (HAS_UNMAPPED_ID(inode))
			return -EACCES;
	}

	retval = do_inode_permission(inode, mask);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	retval = devcgroup_inode_permission(inode, mask);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	return security_inode_permission(inode, mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inode_permission);

/**
 * sb_permission - Check superblock-level permissions
 * @sb: Superblock of inode to check permission on
 * @inode: Inode to check permission on
 * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC)
 *
 * Separate out file-system wide checks from inode-specific permission checks.
 */
static int sb_permission(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	if (unlikely(mask & MAY_WRITE)) {
		umode_t mode = inode->i_mode;

		/* Nobody gets write access to a read-only fs. */
		if ((sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) &&
		    (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)))
			return -EROFS;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * inode_permission - Check for access rights to a given inode
 * @inode: Inode to check permission on
 * @mask: Right to check for (%MAY_READ, %MAY_WRITE, %MAY_EXEC)
 *
 * Check for read/write/execute permissions on an inode.  We use fs[ug]id for
 * this, letting us set arbitrary permissions for filesystem access without
 * changing the "normal" UIDs which are used for other things.
 *
 * When checking for MAY_APPEND, MAY_WRITE must also be set in @mask.
 */
int inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
	int retval;

	retval = sb_permission(inode->i_sb, inode, mask);
	if (retval)
		return retval;
	return __inode_permission(inode, mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_permission);

/**
 * path_get - get a reference to a path
 * @path: path to get the reference to
 *
 * Given a path increment the reference count to the dentry and the vfsmount.
 */
void path_get(const struct path *path)
{
	mntget(path->mnt);
	dget(path->dentry);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(path_get);

/**
 * path_put - put a reference to a path
 * @path: path to put the reference to
 *
 * Given a path decrement the reference count to the dentry and the vfsmount.
 */
void path_put(const struct path *path)
{
	dput(path->dentry);
	mntput(path->mnt);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(path_put);

#define EMBEDDED_LEVELS 2
struct nameidata {
	struct path	path;
	struct qstr	last;
	struct path	root;
	struct inode	*inode; /* path.dentry.d_inode */
	unsigned int	flags;
	unsigned	seq, m_seq;
	int		last_type;
	unsigned	depth;
	int		total_link_count;
	struct saved {
		struct path link;
		struct delayed_call done;
		const char *name;
		unsigned seq;
	} *stack, internal[EMBEDDED_LEVELS];
	struct filename	*name;
	struct nameidata *saved;
	struct inode	*link_inode;
	unsigned	root_seq;
	int		dfd;
};

static void set_nameidata(struct nameidata *p, int dfd, struct filename *name)
{
	struct nameidata *old = current->nameidata;
	p->stack = p->internal;
	p->dfd = dfd;
	p->name = name;
	p->total_link_count = old ? old->total_link_count : 0;
	p->saved = old;
	current->nameidata = p;
}

static void restore_nameidata(void)
{
	struct nameidata *now = current->nameidata, *old = now->saved;

	current->nameidata = old;
	if (old)
		old->total_link_count = now->total_link_count;
	if (now->stack != now->internal)
		kfree(now->stack);
}

static int __nd_alloc_stack(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct saved *p;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		p= kmalloc(MAXSYMLINKS * sizeof(struct saved),
				  GFP_ATOMIC);
		if (unlikely(!p))
			return -ECHILD;
	} else {
		p= kmalloc(MAXSYMLINKS * sizeof(struct saved),
				  GFP_KERNEL);
		if (unlikely(!p))
			return -ENOMEM;
	}
	memcpy(p, nd->internal, sizeof(nd->internal));
	nd->stack = p;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * path_connected - Verify that a path->dentry is below path->mnt.mnt_root
 * @path: nameidate to verify
 *
 * Rename can sometimes move a file or directory outside of a bind
 * mount, path_connected allows those cases to be detected.
 */
static bool path_connected(const struct path *path)
{
	struct vfsmount *mnt = path->mnt;

	/* Only bind mounts can have disconnected paths */
	if (mnt->mnt_root == mnt->mnt_sb->s_root)
		return true;

	return is_subdir(path->dentry, mnt->mnt_root);
}

static inline int nd_alloc_stack(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (likely(nd->depth != EMBEDDED_LEVELS))
		return 0;
	if (likely(nd->stack != nd->internal))
		return 0;
	return __nd_alloc_stack(nd);
}

static void drop_links(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int i = nd->depth;
	while (i--) {
		struct saved *last = nd->stack + i;
		do_delayed_call(&last->done);
		clear_delayed_call(&last->done);
	}
}

static void terminate_walk(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	drop_links(nd);
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU)) {
		int i;
		path_put(&nd->path);
		for (i = 0; i < nd->depth; i++)
			path_put(&nd->stack[i].link);
		if (nd->root.mnt && !(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT)) {
			path_put(&nd->root);
			nd->root.mnt = NULL;
		}
	} else {
		nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_RCU;
		if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT))
			nd->root.mnt = NULL;
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}
	nd->depth = 0;
}

/* path_put is needed afterwards regardless of success or failure */
static bool legitimize_path(struct nameidata *nd,
			    struct path *path, unsigned seq)
{
	int res = __legitimize_mnt(path->mnt, nd->m_seq);
	if (unlikely(res)) {
		if (res > 0)
			path->mnt = NULL;
		path->dentry = NULL;
		return false;
	}
	if (unlikely(!lockref_get_not_dead(&path->dentry->d_lockref))) {
		path->dentry = NULL;
		return false;
	}
	return !read_seqcount_retry(&path->dentry->d_seq, seq);
}

static bool legitimize_links(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < nd->depth; i++) {
		struct saved *last = nd->stack + i;
		if (unlikely(!legitimize_path(nd, &last->link, last->seq))) {
			drop_links(nd);
			nd->depth = i + 1;
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

/*
 * Path walking has 2 modes, rcu-walk and ref-walk (see
 * Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.txt).  In situations when we can't
 * continue in RCU mode, we attempt to drop out of rcu-walk mode and grab
 * normal reference counts on dentries and vfsmounts to transition to ref-walk
 * mode.  Refcounts are grabbed at the last known good point before rcu-walk
 * got stuck, so ref-walk may continue from there. If this is not successful
 * (eg. a seqcount has changed), then failure is returned and it's up to caller
 * to restart the path walk from the beginning in ref-walk mode.
 */

/**
 * unlazy_walk - try to switch to ref-walk mode.
 * @nd: nameidata pathwalk data
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ECHILD on failure
 *
 * unlazy_walk attempts to legitimize the current nd->path and nd->root
 * for ref-walk mode.
 * Must be called from rcu-walk context.
 * Nothing should touch nameidata between unlazy_walk() failure and
 * terminate_walk().
 */
static int unlazy_walk(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct dentry *parent = nd->path.dentry;

	BUG_ON(!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU));

	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_RCU;
	if (unlikely(!legitimize_links(nd)))
		goto out2;
	if (unlikely(!legitimize_path(nd, &nd->path, nd->seq)))
		goto out1;
	if (nd->root.mnt && !(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT)) {
		if (unlikely(!legitimize_path(nd, &nd->root, nd->root_seq)))
			goto out;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();
	BUG_ON(nd->inode != parent->d_inode);
	return 0;

out2:
	nd->path.mnt = NULL;
	nd->path.dentry = NULL;
out1:
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT))
		nd->root.mnt = NULL;
out:
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return -ECHILD;
}

/**
 * unlazy_child - try to switch to ref-walk mode.
 * @nd: nameidata pathwalk data
 * @dentry: child of nd->path.dentry
 * @seq: seq number to check dentry against
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ECHILD on failure
 *
 * unlazy_child attempts to legitimize the current nd->path, nd->root and dentry
 * for ref-walk mode.  @dentry must be a path found by a do_lookup call on
 * @nd.  Must be called from rcu-walk context.
 * Nothing should touch nameidata between unlazy_child() failure and
 * terminate_walk().
 */
static int unlazy_child(struct nameidata *nd, struct dentry *dentry, unsigned seq)
{
	BUG_ON(!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU));

	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_RCU;
	if (unlikely(!legitimize_links(nd)))
		goto out2;
	if (unlikely(!legitimize_mnt(nd->path.mnt, nd->m_seq)))
		goto out2;
	if (unlikely(!lockref_get_not_dead(&nd->path.dentry->d_lockref)))
		goto out1;

	/*
	 * We need to move both the parent and the dentry from the RCU domain
	 * to be properly refcounted. And the sequence number in the dentry
	 * validates *both* dentry counters, since we checked the sequence
	 * number of the parent after we got the child sequence number. So we
	 * know the parent must still be valid if the child sequence number is
	 */
	if (unlikely(!lockref_get_not_dead(&dentry->d_lockref)))
		goto out;
	if (unlikely(read_seqcount_retry(&dentry->d_seq, seq))) {
		rcu_read_unlock();
		dput(dentry);
		goto drop_root_mnt;
	}
	/*
	 * Sequence counts matched. Now make sure that the root is
	 * still valid and get it if required.
	 */
	if (nd->root.mnt && !(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT)) {
		if (unlikely(!legitimize_path(nd, &nd->root, nd->root_seq))) {
			rcu_read_unlock();
			dput(dentry);
			return -ECHILD;
		}
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();
	return 0;

out2:
	nd->path.mnt = NULL;
out1:
	nd->path.dentry = NULL;
out:
	rcu_read_unlock();
drop_root_mnt:
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT))
		nd->root.mnt = NULL;
	return -ECHILD;
}

static inline int d_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
{
	if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_REVALIDATE))
		return dentry->d_op->d_revalidate(dentry, flags);
	else
		return 1;
}

/**
 * complete_walk - successful completion of path walk
 * @nd:  pointer nameidata
 *
 * If we had been in RCU mode, drop out of it and legitimize nd->path.
 * Revalidate the final result, unless we'd already done that during
 * the path walk or the filesystem doesn't ask for it.  Return 0 on
 * success, -error on failure.  In case of failure caller does not
 * need to drop nd->path.
 */
static int complete_walk(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = nd->path.dentry;
	int status;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT))
			nd->root.mnt = NULL;
		if (unlikely(unlazy_walk(nd)))
			return -ECHILD;
	}

	if (likely(!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_JUMPED)))
		return 0;

	if (likely(!(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_WEAK_REVALIDATE)))
		return 0;

	status = dentry->d_op->d_weak_revalidate(dentry, nd->flags);
	if (status > 0)
		return 0;

	if (!status)
		status = -ESTALE;

	return status;
}

static void set_root(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct fs_struct *fs = current->fs;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		unsigned seq;

		do {
			seq = read_seqcount_begin(&fs->seq);
			nd->root = fs->root;
			nd->root_seq = __read_seqcount_begin(&nd->root.dentry->d_seq);
		} while (read_seqcount_retry(&fs->seq, seq));
	} else {
		get_fs_root(fs, &nd->root);
	}
}

static void path_put_conditional(struct path *path, struct nameidata *nd)
{
	dput(path->dentry);
	if (path->mnt != nd->path.mnt)
		mntput(path->mnt);
}

static inline void path_to_nameidata(const struct path *path,
					struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU)) {
		dput(nd->path.dentry);
		if (nd->path.mnt != path->mnt)
			mntput(nd->path.mnt);
	}
	nd->path.mnt = path->mnt;
	nd->path.dentry = path->dentry;
}

static int nd_jump_root(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		struct dentry *d;
		nd->path = nd->root;
		d = nd->path.dentry;
		nd->inode = d->d_inode;
		nd->seq = nd->root_seq;
		if (unlikely(read_seqcount_retry(&d->d_seq, nd->seq)))
			return -ECHILD;
	} else {
		path_put(&nd->path);
		nd->path = nd->root;
		path_get(&nd->path);
		nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
	}
	nd->flags |= LOOKUP_JUMPED;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Helper to directly jump to a known parsed path from ->get_link,
 * caller must have taken a reference to path beforehand.
 */
void nd_jump_link(struct path *path)
{
	struct nameidata *nd = current->nameidata;
	path_put(&nd->path);

	nd->path = *path;
	nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
	nd->flags |= LOOKUP_JUMPED;
}

static inline void put_link(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct saved *last = nd->stack + --nd->depth;
	do_delayed_call(&last->done);
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU))
		path_put(&last->link);
}

int sysctl_protected_symlinks __read_mostly = 0;
int sysctl_protected_hardlinks __read_mostly = 0;

/**
 * may_follow_link - Check symlink following for unsafe situations
 * @nd: nameidata pathwalk data
 *
 * In the case of the sysctl_protected_symlinks sysctl being enabled,
 * CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE needs to be specifically ignored if the symlink is
 * in a sticky world-writable directory. This is to protect privileged
 * processes from failing races against path names that may change out
 * from under them by way of other users creating malicious symlinks.
 * It will permit symlinks to be followed only when outside a sticky
 * world-writable directory, or when the uid of the symlink and follower
 * match, or when the directory owner matches the symlink's owner.
 *
 * Returns 0 if following the symlink is allowed, -ve on error.
 */
static inline int may_follow_link(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	const struct inode *inode;
	const struct inode *parent;
	kuid_t puid;

	if (!sysctl_protected_symlinks)
		return 0;

	/* Allowed if owner and follower match. */
	inode = nd->link_inode;
	if (uid_eq(current_cred()->fsuid, inode->i_uid))
		return 0;

	/* Allowed if parent directory not sticky and world-writable. */
	parent = nd->inode;
	if ((parent->i_mode & (S_ISVTX|S_IWOTH)) != (S_ISVTX|S_IWOTH))
		return 0;

	/* Allowed if parent directory and link owner match. */
	puid = parent->i_uid;
	if (uid_valid(puid) && uid_eq(puid, inode->i_uid))
		return 0;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU)
		return -ECHILD;

	audit_log_link_denied("follow_link", &nd->stack[0].link);
	return -EACCES;
}

/**
 * safe_hardlink_source - Check for safe hardlink conditions
 * @inode: the source inode to hardlink from
 *
 * Return false if at least one of the following conditions:
 *    - inode is not a regular file
 *    - inode is setuid
 *    - inode is setgid and group-exec
 *    - access failure for read and write
 *
 * Otherwise returns true.
 */
static bool safe_hardlink_source(struct inode *inode)
{
	umode_t mode = inode->i_mode;

	/* Special files should not get pinned to the filesystem. */
	if (!S_ISREG(mode))
		return false;

	/* Setuid files should not get pinned to the filesystem. */
	if (mode & S_ISUID)
		return false;

	/* Executable setgid files should not get pinned to the filesystem. */
	if ((mode & (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) == (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP))
		return false;

	/* Hardlinking to unreadable or unwritable sources is dangerous. */
	if (inode_permission(inode, MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE))
		return false;

	return true;
}

/**
 * may_linkat - Check permissions for creating a hardlink
 * @link: the source to hardlink from
 *
 * Block hardlink when all of:
 *  - sysctl_protected_hardlinks enabled
 *  - fsuid does not match inode
 *  - hardlink source is unsafe (see safe_hardlink_source() above)
 *  - not CAP_FOWNER in a namespace with the inode owner uid mapped
 *
 * Returns 0 if successful, -ve on error.
 */
static int may_linkat(struct path *link)
{
	struct inode *inode;

	if (!sysctl_protected_hardlinks)
		return 0;

	inode = link->dentry->d_inode;

	/* Source inode owner (or CAP_FOWNER) can hardlink all they like,
	 * otherwise, it must be a safe source.
	 */
	if (inode_owner_or_capable(inode) || safe_hardlink_source(inode))
		return 0;

	audit_log_link_denied("linkat", link);
	return -EPERM;
}

static __always_inline
const char *get_link(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct saved *last = nd->stack + nd->depth - 1;
	struct dentry *dentry = last->link.dentry;
	struct inode *inode = nd->link_inode;
	int error;
	const char *res;

	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU)) {
		touch_atime(&last->link);
		cond_resched();
	} else if (atime_needs_update_rcu(&last->link, inode)) {
		if (unlikely(unlazy_walk(nd)))
			return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
		touch_atime(&last->link);
	}

	error = security_inode_follow_link(dentry, inode,
					   nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU);
	if (unlikely(error))
		return ERR_PTR(error);

	nd->last_type = LAST_BIND;
	res = inode->i_link;
	if (!res) {
		const char * (*get)(struct dentry *, struct inode *,
				struct delayed_call *);
		get = inode->i_op->get_link;
		if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
			res = get(NULL, inode, &last->done);
			if (res == ERR_PTR(-ECHILD)) {
				if (unlikely(unlazy_walk(nd)))
					return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
				res = get(dentry, inode, &last->done);
			}
		} else {
			res = get(dentry, inode, &last->done);
		}
		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(res))
			return res;
	}
	if (*res == '/') {
		if (!nd->root.mnt)
			set_root(nd);
		if (unlikely(nd_jump_root(nd)))
			return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
		while (unlikely(*++res == '/'))
			;
	}
	if (!*res)
		res = NULL;
	return res;
}

/*
 * follow_up - Find the mountpoint of path's vfsmount
 *
 * Given a path, find the mountpoint of its source file system.
 * Replace @path with the path of the mountpoint in the parent mount.
 * Up is towards /.
 *
 * Return 1 if we went up a level and 0 if we were already at the
 * root.
 */
int follow_up(struct path *path)
{
	struct mount *mnt = real_mount(path->mnt);
	struct mount *parent;
	struct dentry *mountpoint;

	read_seqlock_excl(&mount_lock);
	parent = mnt->mnt_parent;
	if (parent == mnt) {
		read_sequnlock_excl(&mount_lock);
		return 0;
	}
	mntget(&parent->mnt);
	mountpoint = dget(mnt->mnt_mountpoint);
	read_sequnlock_excl(&mount_lock);
	dput(path->dentry);
	path->dentry = mountpoint;
	mntput(path->mnt);
	path->mnt = &parent->mnt;
	return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(follow_up);

/*
 * Perform an automount
 * - return -EISDIR to tell follow_managed() to stop and return the path we
 *   were called with.
 */
static int follow_automount(struct path *path, struct nameidata *nd,
			    bool *need_mntput)
{
	struct vfsmount *mnt;
	int err;

	if (!path->dentry->d_op || !path->dentry->d_op->d_automount)
		return -EREMOTE;

	/* We don't want to mount if someone's just doing a stat -
	 * unless they're stat'ing a directory and appended a '/' to
	 * the name.
	 *
	 * We do, however, want to mount if someone wants to open or
	 * create a file of any type under the mountpoint, wants to
	 * traverse through the mountpoint or wants to open the
	 * mounted directory.  Also, autofs may mark negative dentries
	 * as being automount points.  These will need the attentions
	 * of the daemon to instantiate them before they can be used.
	 */
	if (!(nd->flags & (LOOKUP_PARENT | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY |
			   LOOKUP_OPEN | LOOKUP_CREATE | LOOKUP_AUTOMOUNT)) &&
	    path->dentry->d_inode)
		return -EISDIR;

	if (path->dentry->d_sb->s_user_ns != &init_user_ns)
		return -EACCES;

	nd->total_link_count++;
	if (nd->total_link_count >= 40)
		return -ELOOP;

	mnt = path->dentry->d_op->d_automount(path);
	if (IS_ERR(mnt)) {
		/*
		 * The filesystem is allowed to return -EISDIR here to indicate
		 * it doesn't want to automount.  For instance, autofs would do
		 * this so that its userspace daemon can mount on this dentry.
		 *
		 * However, we can only permit this if it's a terminal point in
		 * the path being looked up; if it wasn't then the remainder of
		 * the path is inaccessible and we should say so.
		 */
		if (PTR_ERR(mnt) == -EISDIR && (nd->flags & LOOKUP_PARENT))
			return -EREMOTE;
		return PTR_ERR(mnt);
	}

	if (!mnt) /* mount collision */
		return 0;

	if (!*need_mntput) {
		/* lock_mount() may release path->mnt on error */
		mntget(path->mnt);
		*need_mntput = true;
	}
	err = finish_automount(mnt, path);

	switch (err) {
	case -EBUSY:
		/* Someone else made a mount here whilst we were busy */
		return 0;
	case 0:
		path_put(path);
		path->mnt = mnt;
		path->dentry = dget(mnt->mnt_root);
		return 0;
	default:
		return err;
	}

}

/*
 * Handle a dentry that is managed in some way.
 * - Flagged for transit management (autofs)
 * - Flagged as mountpoint
 * - Flagged as automount point
 *
 * This may only be called in refwalk mode.
 *
 * Serialization is taken care of in namespace.c
 */
static int follow_managed(struct path *path, struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct vfsmount *mnt = path->mnt; /* held by caller, must be left alone */
	unsigned managed;
	bool need_mntput = false;
	int ret = 0;

	/* Given that we're not holding a lock here, we retain the value in a
	 * local variable for each dentry as we look at it so that we don't see
	 * the components of that value change under us */
	while (managed = ACCESS_ONCE(path->dentry->d_flags),
	       managed &= DCACHE_MANAGED_DENTRY,
	       unlikely(managed != 0)) {
		/* Allow the filesystem to manage the transit without i_mutex
		 * being held. */
		if (managed & DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT) {
			BUG_ON(!path->dentry->d_op);
			BUG_ON(!path->dentry->d_op->d_manage);
			ret = path->dentry->d_op->d_manage(path, false);
			if (ret < 0)
				break;
		}

		/* Transit to a mounted filesystem. */
		if (managed & DCACHE_MOUNTED) {
			struct vfsmount *mounted = lookup_mnt(path);
			if (mounted) {
				dput(path->dentry);
				if (need_mntput)
					mntput(path->mnt);
				path->mnt = mounted;
				path->dentry = dget(mounted->mnt_root);
				need_mntput = true;
				continue;
			}

			/* Something is mounted on this dentry in another
			 * namespace and/or whatever was mounted there in this
			 * namespace got unmounted before lookup_mnt() could
			 * get it */
		}

		/* Handle an automount point */
		if (managed & DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT) {
			ret = follow_automount(path, nd, &need_mntput);
			if (ret < 0)
				break;
			continue;
		}

		/* We didn't change the current path point */
		break;
	}

	if (need_mntput && path->mnt == mnt)
		mntput(path->mnt);
	if (ret == -EISDIR || !ret)
		ret = 1;
	if (need_mntput)
		nd->flags |= LOOKUP_JUMPED;
	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
		path_put_conditional(path, nd);
	return ret;
}

int follow_down_one(struct path *path)
{
	struct vfsmount *mounted;

	mounted = lookup_mnt(path);
	if (mounted) {
		dput(path->dentry);
		mntput(path->mnt);
		path->mnt = mounted;
		path->dentry = dget(mounted->mnt_root);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(follow_down_one);

static inline int managed_dentry_rcu(const struct path *path)
{
	return (path->dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT) ?
		path->dentry->d_op->d_manage(path, true) : 0;
}

/*
 * Try to skip to top of mountpoint pile in rcuwalk mode.  Fail if
 * we meet a managed dentry that would need blocking.
 */
static bool __follow_mount_rcu(struct nameidata *nd, struct path *path,
			       struct inode **inode, unsigned *seqp)
{
	for (;;) {
		struct mount *mounted;
		/*
		 * Don't forget we might have a non-mountpoint managed dentry
		 * that wants to block transit.
		 */
		switch (managed_dentry_rcu(path)) {
		case -ECHILD:
		default:
			return false;
		case -EISDIR:
			return true;
		case 0:
			break;
		}

		if (!d_mountpoint(path->dentry))
			return !(path->dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT);

		mounted = __lookup_mnt(path->mnt, path->dentry);
		if (!mounted)
			break;
		path->mnt = &mounted->mnt;
		path->dentry = mounted->mnt.mnt_root;
		nd->flags |= LOOKUP_JUMPED;
		*seqp = read_seqcount_begin(&path->dentry->d_seq);
		/*
		 * Update the inode too. We don't need to re-check the
		 * dentry sequence number here after this d_inode read,
		 * because a mount-point is always pinned.
		 */
		*inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
	}
	return !read_seqretry(&mount_lock, nd->m_seq) &&
		!(path->dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT);
}

static int follow_dotdot_rcu(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct inode *inode = nd->inode;

	while (1) {
		if (path_equal(&nd->path, &nd->root))
			break;
		if (nd->path.dentry != nd->path.mnt->mnt_root) {
			struct dentry *old = nd->path.dentry;
			struct dentry *parent = old->d_parent;
			unsigned seq;

			inode = parent->d_inode;
			seq = read_seqcount_begin(&parent->d_seq);
			if (unlikely(read_seqcount_retry(&old->d_seq, nd->seq)))
				return -ECHILD;
			nd->path.dentry = parent;
			nd->seq = seq;
			if (unlikely(!path_connected(&nd->path)))
				return -ENOENT;
			break;
		} else {
			struct mount *mnt = real_mount(nd->path.mnt);
			struct mount *mparent = mnt->mnt_parent;
			struct dentry *mountpoint = mnt->mnt_mountpoint;
			struct inode *inode2 = mountpoint->d_inode;
			unsigned seq = read_seqcount_begin(&mountpoint->d_seq);
			if (unlikely(read_seqretry(&mount_lock, nd->m_seq)))
				return -ECHILD;
			if (&mparent->mnt == nd->path.mnt)
				break;
			/* we know that mountpoint was pinned */
			nd->path.dentry = mountpoint;
			nd->path.mnt = &mparent->mnt;
			inode = inode2;
			nd->seq = seq;
		}
	}
	while (unlikely(d_mountpoint(nd->path.dentry))) {
		struct mount *mounted;
		mounted = __lookup_mnt(nd->path.mnt, nd->path.dentry);
		if (unlikely(read_seqretry(&mount_lock, nd->m_seq)))
			return -ECHILD;
		if (!mounted)
			break;
		nd->path.mnt = &mounted->mnt;
		nd->path.dentry = mounted->mnt.mnt_root;
		inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
		nd->seq = read_seqcount_begin(&nd->path.dentry->d_seq);
	}
	nd->inode = inode;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Follow down to the covering mount currently visible to userspace.  At each
 * point, the filesystem owning that dentry may be queried as to whether the
 * caller is permitted to proceed or not.
 */
int follow_down(struct path *path)
{
	unsigned managed;
	int ret;

	while (managed = ACCESS_ONCE(path->dentry->d_flags),
	       unlikely(managed & DCACHE_MANAGED_DENTRY)) {
		/* Allow the filesystem to manage the transit without i_mutex
		 * being held.
		 *
		 * We indicate to the filesystem if someone is trying to mount
		 * something here.  This gives autofs the chance to deny anyone
		 * other than its daemon the right to mount on its
		 * superstructure.
		 *
		 * The filesystem may sleep at this point.
		 */
		if (managed & DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT) {
			BUG_ON(!path->dentry->d_op);
			BUG_ON(!path->dentry->d_op->d_manage);
			ret = path->dentry->d_op->d_manage(path, false);
			if (ret < 0)
				return ret == -EISDIR ? 0 : ret;
		}

		/* Transit to a mounted filesystem. */
		if (managed & DCACHE_MOUNTED) {
			struct vfsmount *mounted = lookup_mnt(path);
			if (!mounted)
				break;
			dput(path->dentry);
			mntput(path->mnt);
			path->mnt = mounted;
			path->dentry = dget(mounted->mnt_root);
			continue;
		}

		/* Don't handle automount points here */
		break;
	}
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(follow_down);

/*
 * Skip to top of mountpoint pile in refwalk mode for follow_dotdot()
 */
static void follow_mount(struct path *path)
{
	while (d_mountpoint(path->dentry)) {
		struct vfsmount *mounted = lookup_mnt(path);
		if (!mounted)
			break;
		dput(path->dentry);
		mntput(path->mnt);
		path->mnt = mounted;
		path->dentry = dget(mounted->mnt_root);
	}
}

static int path_parent_directory(struct path *path)
{
	struct dentry *old = path->dentry;
	/* rare case of legitimate dget_parent()... */
	path->dentry = dget_parent(path->dentry);
	dput(old);
	if (unlikely(!path_connected(path)))
		return -ENOENT;
	return 0;
}

static int follow_dotdot(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	while(1) {
		if (nd->path.dentry == nd->root.dentry &&
		    nd->path.mnt == nd->root.mnt) {
			break;
		}
		if (nd->path.dentry != nd->path.mnt->mnt_root) {
			int ret = path_parent_directory(&nd->path);
			if (ret)
				return ret;
			break;
		}
		if (!follow_up(&nd->path))
			break;
	}
	follow_mount(&nd->path);
	nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * This looks up the name in dcache and possibly revalidates the found dentry.
 * NULL is returned if the dentry does not exist in the cache.
 */
static struct dentry *lookup_dcache(const struct qstr *name,
				    struct dentry *dir,
				    unsigned int flags)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = d_lookup(dir, name);
	if (dentry) {
		int error = d_revalidate(dentry, flags);
		if (unlikely(error <= 0)) {
			if (!error)
				d_invalidate(dentry);
			dput(dentry);
			return ERR_PTR(error);
		}
	}
	return dentry;
}

/*
 * Call i_op->lookup on the dentry.  The dentry must be negative and
 * unhashed.
 *
 * dir->d_inode->i_mutex must be held
 */
static struct dentry *lookup_real(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
				  unsigned int flags)
{
	struct dentry *old;

	/* Don't create child dentry for a dead directory. */
	if (unlikely(IS_DEADDIR(dir))) {
		dput(dentry);
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
	}

	old = dir->i_op->lookup(dir, dentry, flags);
	if (unlikely(old)) {
		dput(dentry);
		dentry = old;
	}
	return dentry;
}

static struct dentry *__lookup_hash(const struct qstr *name,
		struct dentry *base, unsigned int flags)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = lookup_dcache(name, base, flags);

	if (dentry)
		return dentry;

	dentry = d_alloc(base, name);
	if (unlikely(!dentry))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	return lookup_real(base->d_inode, dentry, flags);
}

static int lookup_fast(struct nameidata *nd,
		       struct path *path, struct inode **inode,
		       unsigned *seqp)
{
	struct vfsmount *mnt = nd->path.mnt;
	struct dentry *dentry, *parent = nd->path.dentry;
	int status = 1;
	int err;

	/*
	 * Rename seqlock is not required here because in the off chance
	 * of a false negative due to a concurrent rename, the caller is
	 * going to fall back to non-racy lookup.
	 */
	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		unsigned seq;
		bool negative;
		dentry = __d_lookup_rcu(parent, &nd->last, &seq);
		if (unlikely(!dentry)) {
			if (unlazy_walk(nd))
				return -ECHILD;
			return 0;
		}

		/*
		 * This sequence count validates that the inode matches
		 * the dentry name information from lookup.
		 */
		*inode = d_backing_inode(dentry);
		negative = d_is_negative(dentry);
		if (unlikely(read_seqcount_retry(&dentry->d_seq, seq)))
			return -ECHILD;

		/*
		 * This sequence count validates that the parent had no
		 * changes while we did the lookup of the dentry above.
		 *
		 * The memory barrier in read_seqcount_begin of child is
		 *  enough, we can use __read_seqcount_retry here.
		 */
		if (unlikely(__read_seqcount_retry(&parent->d_seq, nd->seq)))
			return -ECHILD;

		*seqp = seq;
		status = d_revalidate(dentry, nd->flags);
		if (likely(status > 0)) {
			/*
			 * Note: do negative dentry check after revalidation in
			 * case that drops it.
			 */
			if (unlikely(negative))
				return -ENOENT;
			path->mnt = mnt;
			path->dentry = dentry;
			if (likely(__follow_mount_rcu(nd, path, inode, seqp)))
				return 1;
		}
		if (unlazy_child(nd, dentry, seq))
			return -ECHILD;
		if (unlikely(status == -ECHILD))
			/* we'd been told to redo it in non-rcu mode */
			status = d_revalidate(dentry, nd->flags);
	} else {
		dentry = __d_lookup(parent, &nd->last);
		if (unlikely(!dentry))
			return 0;
		status = d_revalidate(dentry, nd->flags);
	}
	if (unlikely(status <= 0)) {
		if (!status)
			d_invalidate(dentry);
		dput(dentry);
		return status;
	}
	if (unlikely(d_is_negative(dentry))) {
		dput(dentry);
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	path->mnt = mnt;
	path->dentry = dentry;
	err = follow_managed(path, nd);
	if (likely(err > 0))
		*inode = d_backing_inode(path->dentry);
	return err;
}

/* Fast lookup failed, do it the slow way */
static struct dentry *lookup_slow(const struct qstr *name,
				  struct dentry *dir,
				  unsigned int flags)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT), *old;
	struct inode *inode = dir->d_inode;
	DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK(wq);

	inode_lock_shared(inode);
	/* Don't go there if it's already dead */
	if (unlikely(IS_DEADDIR(inode)))
		goto out;
again:
	dentry = d_alloc_parallel(dir, name, &wq);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		goto out;
	if (unlikely(!d_in_lookup(dentry))) {
		if (!(flags & LOOKUP_NO_REVAL)) {
			int error = d_revalidate(dentry, flags);
			if (unlikely(error <= 0)) {
				if (!error) {
					d_invalidate(dentry);
					dput(dentry);
					goto again;
				}
				dput(dentry);
				dentry = ERR_PTR(error);
			}
		}
	} else {
		old = inode->i_op->lookup(inode, dentry, flags);
		d_lookup_done(dentry);
		if (unlikely(old)) {
			dput(dentry);
			dentry = old;
		}
	}
out:
	inode_unlock_shared(inode);
	return dentry;
}

static inline int may_lookup(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		int err = inode_permission(nd->inode, MAY_EXEC|MAY_NOT_BLOCK);
		if (err != -ECHILD)
			return err;
		if (unlazy_walk(nd))
			return -ECHILD;
	}
	return inode_permission(nd->inode, MAY_EXEC);
}

static inline int handle_dots(struct nameidata *nd, int type)
{
	if (type == LAST_DOTDOT) {
		if (!nd->root.mnt)
			set_root(nd);
		if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
			return follow_dotdot_rcu(nd);
		} else
			return follow_dotdot(nd);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int pick_link(struct nameidata *nd, struct path *link,
		     struct inode *inode, unsigned seq)
{
	int error;
	struct saved *last;
	if (unlikely(nd->total_link_count++ >= MAXSYMLINKS)) {
		path_to_nameidata(link, nd);
		return -ELOOP;
	}
	if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU)) {
		if (link->mnt == nd->path.mnt)
			mntget(link->mnt);
	}
	error = nd_alloc_stack(nd);
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		if (error == -ECHILD) {
			if (unlikely(!legitimize_path(nd, link, seq))) {
				drop_links(nd);
				nd->depth = 0;
				nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_RCU;
				nd->path.mnt = NULL;
				nd->path.dentry = NULL;
				if (!(nd->flags & LOOKUP_ROOT))
					nd->root.mnt = NULL;
				rcu_read_unlock();
			} else if (likely(unlazy_walk(nd)) == 0)
				error = nd_alloc_stack(nd);
		}
		if (error) {
			path_put(link);
			return error;
		}
	}

	last = nd->stack + nd->depth++;
	last->link = *link;
	clear_delayed_call(&last->done);
	nd->link_inode = inode;
	last->seq = seq;
	return 1;
}

enum {WALK_FOLLOW = 1, WALK_MORE = 2};

/*
 * Do we need to follow links? We _really_ want to be able
 * to do this check without having to look at inode->i_op,
 * so we keep a cache of "no, this doesn't need follow_link"
 * for the common case.
 */
static inline int step_into(struct nameidata *nd, struct path *path,
			    int flags, struct inode *inode, unsigned seq)
{
	if (!(flags & WALK_MORE) && nd->depth)
		put_link(nd);
	if (likely(!d_is_symlink(path->dentry)) ||
	   !(flags & WALK_FOLLOW || nd->flags & LOOKUP_FOLLOW)) {
		/* not a symlink or should not follow */
		path_to_nameidata(path, nd);
		nd->inode = inode;
		nd->seq = seq;
		return 0;
	}
	/* make sure that d_is_symlink above matches inode */
	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		if (read_seqcount_retry(&path->dentry->d_seq, seq))
			return -ECHILD;
	}
	return pick_link(nd, path, inode, seq);
}

static int walk_component(struct nameidata *nd, int flags)
{
	struct path path;
	struct inode *inode;
	unsigned seq;
	int err;
	/*
	 * "." and ".." are special - ".." especially so because it has
	 * to be able to know about the current root directory and
	 * parent relationships.
	 */
	if (unlikely(nd->last_type != LAST_NORM)) {
		err = handle_dots(nd, nd->last_type);
		if (!(flags & WALK_MORE) && nd->depth)
			put_link(nd);
		return err;
	}
	err = lookup_fast(nd, &path, &inode, &seq);
	if (unlikely(err <= 0)) {
		if (err < 0)
			return err;
		path.dentry = lookup_slow(&nd->last, nd->path.dentry,
					  nd->flags);
		if (IS_ERR(path.dentry))
			return PTR_ERR(path.dentry);

		path.mnt = nd->path.mnt;
		err = follow_managed(&path, nd);
		if (unlikely(err < 0))
			return err;

		if (unlikely(d_is_negative(path.dentry))) {
			path_to_nameidata(&path, nd);
			return -ENOENT;
		}

		seq = 0;	/* we are already out of RCU mode */
		inode = d_backing_inode(path.dentry);
	}

	return step_into(nd, &path, flags, inode, seq);
}

/*
 * We can do the critical dentry name comparison and hashing
 * operations one word at a time, but we are limited to:
 *
 * - Architectures with fast unaligned word accesses. We could
 *   do a "get_unaligned()" if this helps and is sufficiently
 *   fast.
 *
 * - non-CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC configurations (so that we
 *   do not trap on the (extremely unlikely) case of a page
 *   crossing operation.
 *
 * - Furthermore, we need an efficient 64-bit compile for the
 *   64-bit case in order to generate the "number of bytes in
 *   the final mask". Again, that could be replaced with a
 *   efficient population count instruction or similar.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DCACHE_WORD_ACCESS

#include <asm/word-at-a-time.h>

#ifdef HASH_MIX

/* Architecture provides HASH_MIX and fold_hash() in <asm/hash.h> */

#elif defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
/*
 * Register pressure in the mixing function is an issue, particularly
 * on 32-bit x86, but almost any function requires one state value and
 * one temporary.  Instead, use a function designed for two state values
 * and no temporaries.
 *
 * This function cannot create a collision in only two iterations, so
 * we have two iterations to achieve avalanche.  In those two iterations,
 * we have six layers of mixing, which is enough to spread one bit's
 * influence out to 2^6 = 64 state bits.
 *
 * Rotate constants are scored by considering either 64 one-bit input
 * deltas or 64*63/2 = 2016 two-bit input deltas, and finding the
 * probability of that delta causing a change to each of the 128 output
 * bits, using a sample of random initial states.
 *
 * The Shannon entropy of the computed probabilities is then summed
 * to produce a score.  Ideally, any input change has a 50% chance of
 * toggling any given output bit.
 *
 * Mixing scores (in bits) for (12,45):
 * Input delta: 1-bit      2-bit
 * 1 round:     713.3    42542.6
 * 2 rounds:   2753.7   140389.8
 * 3 rounds:   5954.1   233458.2
 * 4 rounds:   7862.6   256672.2
 * Perfect:    8192     258048
 *            (64*128) (64*63/2 * 128)
 */
#define HASH_MIX(x, y, a)	\
	(	x ^= (a),	\
	y ^= x,	x = rol64(x,12),\
	x += y,	y = rol64(y,45),\
	y *= 9			)

/*
 * Fold two longs into one 32-bit hash value.  This must be fast, but
 * latency isn't quite as critical, as there is a fair bit of additional
 * work done before the hash value is used.
 */
static inline unsigned int fold_hash(unsigned long x, unsigned long y)
{
	y ^= x * GOLDEN_RATIO_64;
	y *= GOLDEN_RATIO_64;
	return y >> 32;
}

#else	/* 32-bit case */

/*
 * Mixing scores (in bits) for (7,20):
 * Input delta: 1-bit      2-bit
 * 1 round:     330.3     9201.6
 * 2 rounds:   1246.4    25475.4
 * 3 rounds:   1907.1    31295.1
 * 4 rounds:   2042.3    31718.6
 * Perfect:    2048      31744
 *            (32*64)   (32*31/2 * 64)
 */
#define HASH_MIX(x, y, a)	\
	(	x ^= (a),	\
	y ^= x,	x = rol32(x, 7),\
	x += y,	y = rol32(y,20),\
	y *= 9			)

static inline unsigned int fold_hash(unsigned long x, unsigned long y)
{
	/* Use arch-optimized multiply if one exists */
	return __hash_32(y ^ __hash_32(x));
}

#endif

/*
 * Return the hash of a string of known length.  This is carfully
 * designed to match hash_name(), which is the more critical function.
 * In particular, we must end by hashing a final word containing 0..7
 * payload bytes, to match the way that hash_name() iterates until it
 * finds the delimiter after the name.
 */
unsigned int full_name_hash(const void *salt, const char *name, unsigned int len)
{
	unsigned long a, x = 0, y = (unsigned long)salt;

	for (;;) {
		if (!len)
			goto done;
		a = load_unaligned_zeropad(name);
		if (len < sizeof(unsigned long))
			break;
		HASH_MIX(x, y, a);
		name += sizeof(unsigned long);
		len -= sizeof(unsigned long);
	}
	x ^= a & bytemask_from_count(len);
done:
	return fold_hash(x, y);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(full_name_hash);

/* Return the "hash_len" (hash and length) of a null-terminated string */
u64 hashlen_string(const void *salt, const char *name)
{
	unsigned long a = 0, x = 0, y = (unsigned long)salt;
	unsigned long adata, mask, len;
	const struct word_at_a_time constants = WORD_AT_A_TIME_CONSTANTS;

	len = 0;
	goto inside;

	do {
		HASH_MIX(x, y, a);
		len += sizeof(unsigned long);
inside:
		a = load_unaligned_zeropad(name+len);
	} while (!has_zero(a, &adata, &constants));

	adata = prep_zero_mask(a, adata, &constants);
	mask = create_zero_mask(adata);
	x ^= a & zero_bytemask(mask);

	return hashlen_create(fold_hash(x, y), len + find_zero(mask));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(hashlen_string);

/*
 * Calculate the length and hash of the path component, and
 * return the "hash_len" as the result.
 */
static inline u64 hash_name(const void *salt, const char *name)
{
	unsigned long a = 0, b, x = 0, y = (unsigned long)salt;
	unsigned long adata, bdata, mask, len;
	const struct word_at_a_time constants = WORD_AT_A_TIME_CONSTANTS;

	len = 0;
	goto inside;

	do {
		HASH_MIX(x, y, a);
		len += sizeof(unsigned long);
inside:
		a = load_unaligned_zeropad(name+len);
		b = a ^ REPEAT_BYTE('/');
	} while (!(has_zero(a, &adata, &constants) | has_zero(b, &bdata, &constants)));

	adata = prep_zero_mask(a, adata, &constants);
	bdata = prep_zero_mask(b, bdata, &constants);
	mask = create_zero_mask(adata | bdata);
	x ^= a & zero_bytemask(mask);

	return hashlen_create(fold_hash(x, y), len + find_zero(mask));
}

#else	/* !CONFIG_DCACHE_WORD_ACCESS: Slow, byte-at-a-time version */

/* Return the hash of a string of known length */
unsigned int full_name_hash(const void *salt, const char *name, unsigned int len)
{
	unsigned long hash = init_name_hash(salt);
	while (len--)
		hash = partial_name_hash((unsigned char)*name++, hash);
	return end_name_hash(hash);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(full_name_hash);

/* Return the "hash_len" (hash and length) of a null-terminated string */
u64 hashlen_string(const void *salt, const char *name)
{
	unsigned long hash = init_name_hash(salt);
	unsigned long len = 0, c;

	c = (unsigned char)*name;
	while (c) {
		len++;
		hash = partial_name_hash(c, hash);
		c = (unsigned char)name[len];
	}
	return hashlen_create(end_name_hash(hash), len);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(hashlen_string);

/*
 * We know there's a real path component here of at least
 * one character.
 */
static inline u64 hash_name(const void *salt, const char *name)
{
	unsigned long hash = init_name_hash(salt);
	unsigned long len = 0, c;

	c = (unsigned char)*name;
	do {
		len++;
		hash = partial_name_hash(c, hash);
		c = (unsigned char)name[len];
	} while (c && c != '/');
	return hashlen_create(end_name_hash(hash), len);
}

#endif

/*
 * Name resolution.
 * This is the basic name resolution function, turning a pathname into
 * the final dentry. We expect 'base' to be positive and a directory.
 *
 * Returns 0 and nd will have valid dentry and mnt on success.
 * Returns error and drops reference to input namei data on failure.
 */
static int link_path_walk(const char *name, struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int err;

	while (*name=='/')
		name++;
	if (!*name)
		return 0;

	/* At this point we know we have a real path component. */
	for(;;) {
		u64 hash_len;
		int type;

		err = may_lookup(nd);
		if (err)
			return err;

		hash_len = hash_name(nd->path.dentry, name);

		type = LAST_NORM;
		if (name[0] == '.') switch (hashlen_len(hash_len)) {
			case 2:
				if (name[1] == '.') {
					type = LAST_DOTDOT;
					nd->flags |= LOOKUP_JUMPED;
				}
				break;
			case 1:
				type = LAST_DOT;
		}
		if (likely(type == LAST_NORM)) {
			struct dentry *parent = nd->path.dentry;
			nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_JUMPED;
			if (unlikely(parent->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_HASH)) {
				struct qstr this = { { .hash_len = hash_len }, .name = name };
				err = parent->d_op->d_hash(parent, &this);
				if (err < 0)
					return err;
				hash_len = this.hash_len;
				name = this.name;
			}
		}

		nd->last.hash_len = hash_len;
		nd->last.name = name;
		nd->last_type = type;

		name += hashlen_len(hash_len);
		if (!*name)
			goto OK;
		/*
		 * If it wasn't NUL, we know it was '/'. Skip that
		 * slash, and continue until no more slashes.
		 */
		do {
			name++;
		} while (unlikely(*name == '/'));
		if (unlikely(!*name)) {
OK:
			/* pathname body, done */
			if (!nd->depth)
				return 0;
			name = nd->stack[nd->depth - 1].name;
			/* trailing symlink, done */
			if (!name)
				return 0;
			/* last component of nested symlink */
			err = walk_component(nd, WALK_FOLLOW);
		} else {
			/* not the last component */
			err = walk_component(nd, WALK_FOLLOW | WALK_MORE);
		}
		if (err < 0)
			return err;

		if (err) {
			const char *s = get_link(nd);

			if (IS_ERR(s))
				return PTR_ERR(s);
			err = 0;
			if (unlikely(!s)) {
				/* jumped */
				put_link(nd);
			} else {
				nd->stack[nd->depth - 1].name = name;
				name = s;
				continue;
			}
		}
		if (unlikely(!d_can_lookup(nd->path.dentry))) {
			if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
				if (unlazy_walk(nd))
					return -ECHILD;
			}
			return -ENOTDIR;
		}
	}
}

static const char *path_init(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags)
{
	const char *s = nd->name->name;

	if (!*s)
		flags &= ~LOOKUP_RCU;

	nd->last_type = LAST_ROOT; /* if there are only slashes... */
	nd->flags = flags | LOOKUP_JUMPED | LOOKUP_PARENT;
	nd->depth = 0;
	if (flags & LOOKUP_ROOT) {
		struct dentry *root = nd->root.dentry;
		struct inode *inode = root->d_inode;
		if (*s && unlikely(!d_can_lookup(root)))
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
		nd->path = nd->root;
		nd->inode = inode;
		if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
			rcu_read_lock();
			nd->seq = __read_seqcount_begin(&nd->path.dentry->d_seq);
			nd->root_seq = nd->seq;
			nd->m_seq = read_seqbegin(&mount_lock);
		} else {
			path_get(&nd->path);
		}
		return s;
	}

	nd->root.mnt = NULL;
	nd->path.mnt = NULL;
	nd->path.dentry = NULL;

	nd->m_seq = read_seqbegin(&mount_lock);
	if (*s == '/') {
		if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU)
			rcu_read_lock();
		set_root(nd);
		if (likely(!nd_jump_root(nd)))
			return s;
		nd->root.mnt = NULL;
		rcu_read_unlock();
		return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
	} else if (nd->dfd == AT_FDCWD) {
		if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
			struct fs_struct *fs = current->fs;
			unsigned seq;

			rcu_read_lock();

			do {
				seq = read_seqcount_begin(&fs->seq);
				nd->path = fs->pwd;
				nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
				nd->seq = __read_seqcount_begin(&nd->path.dentry->d_seq);
			} while (read_seqcount_retry(&fs->seq, seq));
		} else {
			get_fs_pwd(current->fs, &nd->path);
			nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
		}
		return s;
	} else {
		/* Caller must check execute permissions on the starting path component */
		struct fd f = fdget_raw(nd->dfd);
		struct dentry *dentry;

		if (!f.file)
			return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);

		dentry = f.file->f_path.dentry;

		if (*s) {
			if (!d_can_lookup(dentry)) {
				fdput(f);
				return ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
			}
		}

		nd->path = f.file->f_path;
		if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
			rcu_read_lock();
			nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
			nd->seq = read_seqcount_begin(&nd->path.dentry->d_seq);
		} else {
			path_get(&nd->path);
			nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
		}
		fdput(f);
		return s;
	}
}

static const char *trailing_symlink(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	const char *s;
	int error = may_follow_link(nd);
	if (unlikely(error))
		return ERR_PTR(error);
	nd->flags |= LOOKUP_PARENT;
	nd->stack[0].name = NULL;
	s = get_link(nd);
	return s ? s : "";
}

static inline int lookup_last(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (nd->last_type == LAST_NORM && nd->last.name[nd->last.len])
		nd->flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;

	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_PARENT;
	return walk_component(nd, 0);
}

static int handle_lookup_down(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	struct path path = nd->path;
	struct inode *inode = nd->inode;
	unsigned seq = nd->seq;
	int err;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		/*
		 * don't bother with unlazy_walk on failure - we are
		 * at the very beginning of walk, so we lose nothing
		 * if we simply redo everything in non-RCU mode
		 */
		if (unlikely(!__follow_mount_rcu(nd, &path, &inode, &seq)))
			return -ECHILD;
	} else {
		dget(path.dentry);
		err = follow_managed(&path, nd);
		if (unlikely(err < 0))
			return err;
		inode = d_backing_inode(path.dentry);
		seq = 0;
	}
	path_to_nameidata(&path, nd);
	nd->inode = inode;
	nd->seq = seq;
	return 0;
}

/* Returns 0 and nd will be valid on success; Retuns error, otherwise. */
static int path_lookupat(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags, struct path *path)
{
	const char *s = path_init(nd, flags);
	int err;

	if (IS_ERR(s))
		return PTR_ERR(s);

	if (unlikely(flags & LOOKUP_DOWN)) {
		err = handle_lookup_down(nd);
		if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
			terminate_walk(nd);
			return err;
		}
	}

	while (!(err = link_path_walk(s, nd))
		&& ((err = lookup_last(nd)) > 0)) {
		s = trailing_symlink(nd);
		if (IS_ERR(s)) {
			err = PTR_ERR(s);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (!err)
		err = complete_walk(nd);

	if (!err && nd->flags & LOOKUP_DIRECTORY)
		if (!d_can_lookup(nd->path.dentry))
			err = -ENOTDIR;
	if (!err) {
		*path = nd->path;
		nd->path.mnt = NULL;
		nd->path.dentry = NULL;
	}
	terminate_walk(nd);
	return err;
}

static int filename_lookup(int dfd, struct filename *name, unsigned flags,
			   struct path *path, struct path *root)
{
	int retval;
	struct nameidata nd;
	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return PTR_ERR(name);
	if (unlikely(root)) {
		nd.root = *root;
		flags |= LOOKUP_ROOT;
	}
	set_nameidata(&nd, dfd, name);
	retval = path_lookupat(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_RCU, path);
	if (unlikely(retval == -ECHILD))
		retval = path_lookupat(&nd, flags, path);
	if (unlikely(retval == -ESTALE))
		retval = path_lookupat(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_REVAL, path);

	if (likely(!retval))
		audit_inode(name, path->dentry, flags & LOOKUP_PARENT);
	restore_nameidata();
	putname(name);
	return retval;
}

/* Returns 0 and nd will be valid on success; Retuns error, otherwise. */
static int path_parentat(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags,
				struct path *parent)
{
	const char *s = path_init(nd, flags);
	int err;
	if (IS_ERR(s))
		return PTR_ERR(s);
	err = link_path_walk(s, nd);
	if (!err)
		err = complete_walk(nd);
	if (!err) {
		*parent = nd->path;
		nd->path.mnt = NULL;
		nd->path.dentry = NULL;
	}
	terminate_walk(nd);
	return err;
}

static struct filename *filename_parentat(int dfd, struct filename *name,
				unsigned int flags, struct path *parent,
				struct qstr *last, int *type)
{
	int retval;
	struct nameidata nd;

	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return name;
	set_nameidata(&nd, dfd, name);
	retval = path_parentat(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_RCU, parent);
	if (unlikely(retval == -ECHILD))
		retval = path_parentat(&nd, flags, parent);
	if (unlikely(retval == -ESTALE))
		retval = path_parentat(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_REVAL, parent);
	if (likely(!retval)) {
		*last = nd.last;
		*type = nd.last_type;
		audit_inode(name, parent->dentry, LOOKUP_PARENT);
	} else {
		putname(name);
		name = ERR_PTR(retval);
	}
	restore_nameidata();
	return name;
}

/* does lookup, returns the object with parent locked */
struct dentry *kern_path_locked(const char *name, struct path *path)
{
	struct filename *filename;
	struct dentry *d;
	struct qstr last;
	int type;

	filename = filename_parentat(AT_FDCWD, getname_kernel(name), 0, path,
				    &last, &type);
	if (IS_ERR(filename))
		return ERR_CAST(filename);
	if (unlikely(type != LAST_NORM)) {
		path_put(path);
		putname(filename);
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	}
	inode_lock_nested(path->dentry->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	d = __lookup_hash(&last, path->dentry, 0);
	if (IS_ERR(d)) {
		inode_unlock(path->dentry->d_inode);
		path_put(path);
	}
	putname(filename);
	return d;
}

int kern_path(const char *name, unsigned int flags, struct path *path)
{
	return filename_lookup(AT_FDCWD, getname_kernel(name),
			       flags, path, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kern_path);

/**
 * vfs_path_lookup - lookup a file path relative to a dentry-vfsmount pair
 * @dentry:  pointer to dentry of the base directory
 * @mnt: pointer to vfs mount of the base directory
 * @name: pointer to file name
 * @flags: lookup flags
 * @path: pointer to struct path to fill
 */
int vfs_path_lookup(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
		    const char *name, unsigned int flags,
		    struct path *path)
{
	struct path root = {.mnt = mnt, .dentry = dentry};
	/* the first argument of filename_lookup() is ignored with root */
	return filename_lookup(AT_FDCWD, getname_kernel(name),
			       flags , path, &root);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_path_lookup);

/**
 * lookup_one_len - filesystem helper to lookup single pathname component
 * @name:	pathname component to lookup
 * @base:	base directory to lookup from
 * @len:	maximum length @len should be interpreted to
 *
 * Note that this routine is purely a helper for filesystem usage and should
 * not be called by generic code.
 *
 * The caller must hold base->i_mutex.
 */
struct dentry *lookup_one_len(const char *name, struct dentry *base, int len)
{
	struct qstr this;
	unsigned int c;
	int err;

	WARN_ON_ONCE(!inode_is_locked(base->d_inode));

	this.name = name;
	this.len = len;
	this.hash = full_name_hash(base, name, len);
	if (!len)
		return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);

	if (unlikely(name[0] == '.')) {
		if (len < 2 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.'))
			return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
	}

	while (len--) {
		c = *(const unsigned char *)name++;
		if (c == '/' || c == '\0')
			return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
	}
	/*
	 * See if the low-level filesystem might want
	 * to use its own hash..
	 */
	if (base->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_HASH) {
		int err = base->d_op->d_hash(base, &this);
		if (err < 0)
			return ERR_PTR(err);
	}

	err = inode_permission(base->d_inode, MAY_EXEC);
	if (err)
		return ERR_PTR(err);

	return __lookup_hash(&this, base, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_one_len);

/**
 * lookup_one_len_unlocked - filesystem helper to lookup single pathname component
 * @name:	pathname component to lookup
 * @base:	base directory to lookup from
 * @len:	maximum length @len should be interpreted to
 *
 * Note that this routine is purely a helper for filesystem usage and should
 * not be called by generic code.
 *
 * Unlike lookup_one_len, it should be called without the parent
 * i_mutex held, and will take the i_mutex itself if necessary.
 */
struct dentry *lookup_one_len_unlocked(const char *name,
				       struct dentry *base, int len)
{
	struct qstr this;
	unsigned int c;
	int err;
	struct dentry *ret;

	this.name = name;
	this.len = len;
	this.hash = full_name_hash(base, name, len);
	if (!len)
		return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);

	if (unlikely(name[0] == '.')) {
		if (len < 2 || (len == 2 && name[1] == '.'))
			return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
	}

	while (len--) {
		c = *(const unsigned char *)name++;
		if (c == '/' || c == '\0')
			return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
	}
	/*
	 * See if the low-level filesystem might want
	 * to use its own hash..
	 */
	if (base->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_HASH) {
		int err = base->d_op->d_hash(base, &this);
		if (err < 0)
			return ERR_PTR(err);
	}

	err = inode_permission(base->d_inode, MAY_EXEC);
	if (err)
		return ERR_PTR(err);

	ret = lookup_dcache(&this, base, 0);
	if (!ret)
		ret = lookup_slow(&this, base, 0);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_one_len_unlocked);

#ifdef CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS
int path_pts(struct path *path)
{
	/* Find something mounted on "pts" in the same directory as
	 * the input path.
	 */
	struct dentry *child, *parent;
	struct qstr this;
	int ret;

	ret = path_parent_directory(path);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	parent = path->dentry;
	this.name = "pts";
	this.len = 3;
	child = d_hash_and_lookup(parent, &this);
	if (!child)
		return -ENOENT;

	path->dentry = child;
	dput(parent);
	follow_mount(path);
	return 0;
}
#endif

int user_path_at_empty(int dfd, const char __user *name, unsigned flags,
		 struct path *path, int *empty)
{
	return filename_lookup(dfd, getname_flags(name, flags, empty),
			       flags, path, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(user_path_at_empty);

/**
 * mountpoint_last - look up last component for umount
 * @nd:   pathwalk nameidata - currently pointing at parent directory of "last"
 *
 * This is a special lookup_last function just for umount. In this case, we
 * need to resolve the path without doing any revalidation.
 *
 * The nameidata should be the result of doing a LOOKUP_PARENT pathwalk. Since
 * mountpoints are always pinned in the dcache, their ancestors are too. Thus,
 * in almost all cases, this lookup will be served out of the dcache. The only
 * cases where it won't are if nd->last refers to a symlink or the path is
 * bogus and it doesn't exist.
 *
 * Returns:
 * -error: if there was an error during lookup. This includes -ENOENT if the
 *         lookup found a negative dentry.
 *
 * 0:      if we successfully resolved nd->last and found it to not to be a
 *         symlink that needs to be followed.
 *
 * 1:      if we successfully resolved nd->last and found it to be a symlink
 *         that needs to be followed.
 */
static int
mountpoint_last(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct dentry *dir = nd->path.dentry;
	struct path path;

	/* If we're in rcuwalk, drop out of it to handle last component */
	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
		if (unlazy_walk(nd))
			return -ECHILD;
	}

	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_PARENT;

	if (unlikely(nd->last_type != LAST_NORM)) {
		error = handle_dots(nd, nd->last_type);
		if (error)
			return error;
		path.dentry = dget(nd->path.dentry);
	} else {
		path.dentry = d_lookup(dir, &nd->last);
		if (!path.dentry) {
			/*
			 * No cached dentry. Mounted dentries are pinned in the
			 * cache, so that means that this dentry is probably
			 * a symlink or the path doesn't actually point
			 * to a mounted dentry.
			 */
			path.dentry = lookup_slow(&nd->last, dir,
					     nd->flags | LOOKUP_NO_REVAL);
			if (IS_ERR(path.dentry))
				return PTR_ERR(path.dentry);
		}
	}
	if (d_is_negative(path.dentry)) {
		dput(path.dentry);
		return -ENOENT;
	}
	path.mnt = nd->path.mnt;
	return step_into(nd, &path, 0, d_backing_inode(path.dentry), 0);
}

/**
 * path_mountpoint - look up a path to be umounted
 * @nd:		lookup context
 * @flags:	lookup flags
 * @path:	pointer to container for result
 *
 * Look up the given name, but don't attempt to revalidate the last component.
 * Returns 0 and "path" will be valid on success; Returns error otherwise.
 */
static int
path_mountpoint(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags, struct path *path)
{
	const char *s = path_init(nd, flags);
	int err;
	if (IS_ERR(s))
		return PTR_ERR(s);
	while (!(err = link_path_walk(s, nd)) &&
		(err = mountpoint_last(nd)) > 0) {
		s = trailing_symlink(nd);
		if (IS_ERR(s)) {
			err = PTR_ERR(s);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (!err) {
		*path = nd->path;
		nd->path.mnt = NULL;
		nd->path.dentry = NULL;
		follow_mount(path);
	}
	terminate_walk(nd);
	return err;
}

static int
filename_mountpoint(int dfd, struct filename *name, struct path *path,
			unsigned int flags)
{
	struct nameidata nd;
	int error;
	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return PTR_ERR(name);
	set_nameidata(&nd, dfd, name);
	error = path_mountpoint(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_RCU, path);
	if (unlikely(error == -ECHILD))
		error = path_mountpoint(&nd, flags, path);
	if (unlikely(error == -ESTALE))
		error = path_mountpoint(&nd, flags | LOOKUP_REVAL, path);
	if (likely(!error))
		audit_inode(name, path->dentry, 0);
	restore_nameidata();
	putname(name);
	return error;
}

/**
 * user_path_mountpoint_at - lookup a path from userland in order to umount it
 * @dfd:	directory file descriptor
 * @name:	pathname from userland
 * @flags:	lookup flags
 * @path:	pointer to container to hold result
 *
 * A umount is a special case for path walking. We're not actually interested
 * in the inode in this situation, and ESTALE errors can be a problem. We
 * simply want track down the dentry and vfsmount attached at the mountpoint
 * and avoid revalidating the last component.
 *
 * Returns 0 and populates "path" on success.
 */
int
user_path_mountpoint_at(int dfd, const char __user *name, unsigned int flags,
			struct path *path)
{
	return filename_mountpoint(dfd, getname(name), path, flags);
}

int
kern_path_mountpoint(int dfd, const char *name, struct path *path,
			unsigned int flags)
{
	return filename_mountpoint(dfd, getname_kernel(name), path, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kern_path_mountpoint);

int __check_sticky(struct inode *dir, struct inode *inode)
{
	kuid_t fsuid = current_fsuid();

	if (uid_eq(inode->i_uid, fsuid))
		return 0;
	if (uid_eq(dir->i_uid, fsuid))
		return 0;
	return !capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(inode, CAP_FOWNER);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__check_sticky);

/*
 *	Check whether we can remove a link victim from directory dir, check
 *  whether the type of victim is right.
 *  1. We can't do it if dir is read-only (done in permission())
 *  2. We should have write and exec permissions on dir
 *  3. We can't remove anything from append-only dir
 *  4. We can't do anything with immutable dir (done in permission())
 *  5. If the sticky bit on dir is set we should either
 *	a. be owner of dir, or
 *	b. be owner of victim, or
 *	c. have CAP_FOWNER capability
 *  6. If the victim is append-only or immutable we can't do antyhing with
 *     links pointing to it.
 *  7. If the victim has an unknown uid or gid we can't change the inode.
 *  8. If we were asked to remove a directory and victim isn't one - ENOTDIR.
 *  9. If we were asked to remove a non-directory and victim isn't one - EISDIR.
 * 10. We can't remove a root or mountpoint.
 * 11. We don't allow removal of NFS sillyrenamed files; it's handled by
 *     nfs_async_unlink().
 */
static int may_delete(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *victim, bool isdir)
{
	struct inode *inode = d_backing_inode(victim);
	int error;

	if (d_is_negative(victim))
		return -ENOENT;
	BUG_ON(!inode);

	BUG_ON(victim->d_parent->d_inode != dir);
	audit_inode_child(dir, victim, AUDIT_TYPE_CHILD_DELETE);

	error = inode_permission(dir, MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC);
	if (error)
		return error;
	if (IS_APPEND(dir))
		return -EPERM;

	if (check_sticky(dir, inode) || IS_APPEND(inode) ||
	    IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || IS_SWAPFILE(inode) || HAS_UNMAPPED_ID(inode))
		return -EPERM;
	if (isdir) {
		if (!d_is_dir(victim))
			return -ENOTDIR;
		if (IS_ROOT(victim))
			return -EBUSY;
	} else if (d_is_dir(victim))
		return -EISDIR;
	if (IS_DEADDIR(dir))
		return -ENOENT;
	if (victim->d_flags & DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED)
		return -EBUSY;
	return 0;
}

/*	Check whether we can create an object with dentry child in directory
 *  dir.
 *  1. We can't do it if child already exists (open has special treatment for
 *     this case, but since we are inlined it's OK)
 *  2. We can't do it if dir is read-only (done in permission())
 *  3. We can't do it if the fs can't represent the fsuid or fsgid.
 *  4. We should have write and exec permissions on dir
 *  5. We can't do it if dir is immutable (done in permission())
 */
static inline int may_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *child)
{
	struct user_namespace *s_user_ns;
	audit_inode_child(dir, child, AUDIT_TYPE_CHILD_CREATE);
	if (child->d_inode)
		return -EEXIST;
	if (IS_DEADDIR(dir))
		return -ENOENT;
	s_user_ns = dir->i_sb->s_user_ns;
	if (!kuid_has_mapping(s_user_ns, current_fsuid()) ||
	    !kgid_has_mapping(s_user_ns, current_fsgid()))
		return -EOVERFLOW;
	return inode_permission(dir, MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC);
}

/*
 * p1 and p2 should be directories on the same fs.
 */
struct dentry *lock_rename(struct dentry *p1, struct dentry *p2)
{
	struct dentry *p;

	if (p1 == p2) {
		inode_lock_nested(p1->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
		return NULL;
	}

	mutex_lock(&p1->d_sb->s_vfs_rename_mutex);

	p = d_ancestor(p2, p1);
	if (p) {
		inode_lock_nested(p2->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
		inode_lock_nested(p1->d_inode, I_MUTEX_CHILD);
		return p;
	}

	p = d_ancestor(p1, p2);
	if (p) {
		inode_lock_nested(p1->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
		inode_lock_nested(p2->d_inode, I_MUTEX_CHILD);
		return p;
	}

	inode_lock_nested(p1->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	inode_lock_nested(p2->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT2);
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(lock_rename);

void unlock_rename(struct dentry *p1, struct dentry *p2)
{
	inode_unlock(p1->d_inode);
	if (p1 != p2) {
		inode_unlock(p2->d_inode);
		mutex_unlock(&p1->d_sb->s_vfs_rename_mutex);
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unlock_rename);

int vfs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
		bool want_excl)
{
	int error = may_create(dir, dentry);
	if (error)
		return error;

	if (!dir->i_op->create)
		return -EACCES;	/* shouldn't it be ENOSYS? */
	mode &= S_IALLUGO;
	mode |= S_IFREG;
	error = security_inode_create(dir, dentry, mode);
	if (error)
		return error;
	error = dir->i_op->create(dir, dentry, mode, want_excl);
	if (!error)
		fsnotify_create(dir, dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_create);

bool may_open_dev(const struct path *path)
{
	return !(path->mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NODEV) &&
		!(path->mnt->mnt_sb->s_iflags & SB_I_NODEV);
}

static int may_open(const struct path *path, int acc_mode, int flag)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = path->dentry;
	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
	int error;

	if (!inode)
		return -ENOENT;

	switch (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) {
	case S_IFLNK:
		return -ELOOP;
	case S_IFDIR:
		if (acc_mode & MAY_WRITE)
			return -EISDIR;
		break;
	case S_IFBLK:
	case S_IFCHR:
		if (!may_open_dev(path))
			return -EACCES;
		/*FALLTHRU*/
	case S_IFIFO:
	case S_IFSOCK:
		flag &= ~O_TRUNC;
		break;
	}

	error = inode_permission(inode, MAY_OPEN | acc_mode);
	if (error)
		return error;

	/*
	 * An append-only file must be opened in append mode for writing.
	 */
	if (IS_APPEND(inode)) {
		if  ((flag & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && !(flag & O_APPEND))
			return -EPERM;
		if (flag & O_TRUNC)
			return -EPERM;
	}

	/* O_NOATIME can only be set by the owner or superuser */
	if (flag & O_NOATIME && !inode_owner_or_capable(inode))
		return -EPERM;

	return 0;
}

static int handle_truncate(struct file *filp)
{
	const struct path *path = &filp->f_path;
	struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
	int error = get_write_access(inode);
	if (error)
		return error;
	/*
	 * Refuse to truncate files with mandatory locks held on them.
	 */
	error = locks_verify_locked(filp);
	if (!error)
		error = security_path_truncate(path);
	if (!error) {
		error = do_truncate(path->dentry, 0,
				    ATTR_MTIME|ATTR_CTIME|ATTR_OPEN,
				    filp);
	}
	put_write_access(inode);
	return error;
}

static inline int open_to_namei_flags(int flag)
{
	if ((flag & O_ACCMODE) == 3)
		flag--;
	return flag;
}

static int may_o_create(const struct path *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
{
	struct user_namespace *s_user_ns;
	int error = security_path_mknod(dir, dentry, mode, 0);
	if (error)
		return error;

	s_user_ns = dir->dentry->d_sb->s_user_ns;
	if (!kuid_has_mapping(s_user_ns, current_fsuid()) ||
	    !kgid_has_mapping(s_user_ns, current_fsgid()))
		return -EOVERFLOW;

	error = inode_permission(dir->dentry->d_inode, MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC);
	if (error)
		return error;

	return security_inode_create(dir->dentry->d_inode, dentry, mode);
}

/*
 * Attempt to atomically look up, create and open a file from a negative
 * dentry.
 *
 * Returns 0 if successful.  The file will have been created and attached to
 * @file by the filesystem calling finish_open().
 *
 * Returns 1 if the file was looked up only or didn't need creating.  The
 * caller will need to perform the open themselves.  @path will have been
 * updated to point to the new dentry.  This may be negative.
 *
 * Returns an error code otherwise.
 */
static int atomic_open(struct nameidata *nd, struct dentry *dentry,
			struct path *path, struct file *file,
			const struct open_flags *op,
			int open_flag, umode_t mode,
			int *opened)
{
	struct dentry *const DENTRY_NOT_SET = (void *) -1UL;
	struct inode *dir =  nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
	int error;

	if (!(~open_flag & (O_EXCL | O_CREAT)))	/* both O_EXCL and O_CREAT */
		open_flag &= ~O_TRUNC;

	if (nd->flags & LOOKUP_DIRECTORY)
		open_flag |= O_DIRECTORY;

	file->f_path.dentry = DENTRY_NOT_SET;
	file->f_path.mnt = nd->path.mnt;
	error = dir->i_op->atomic_open(dir, dentry, file,
				       open_to_namei_flags(open_flag),
				       mode, opened);
	d_lookup_done(dentry);
	if (!error) {
		/*
		 * We didn't have the inode before the open, so check open
		 * permission here.
		 */
		int acc_mode = op->acc_mode;
		if (*opened & FILE_CREATED) {
			WARN_ON(!(open_flag & O_CREAT));
			fsnotify_create(dir, dentry);
			acc_mode = 0;
		}
		error = may_open(&file->f_path, acc_mode, open_flag);
		if (WARN_ON(error > 0))
			error = -EINVAL;
	} else if (error > 0) {
		if (WARN_ON(file->f_path.dentry == DENTRY_NOT_SET)) {
			error = -EIO;
		} else {
			if (file->f_path.dentry) {
				dput(dentry);
				dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
			}
			if (*opened & FILE_CREATED)
				fsnotify_create(dir, dentry);
			if (unlikely(d_is_negative(dentry))) {
				error = -ENOENT;
			} else {
				path->dentry = dentry;
				path->mnt = nd->path.mnt;
				return 1;
			}
		}
	}
	dput(dentry);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Look up and maybe create and open the last component.
 *
 * Must be called with i_mutex held on parent.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the file was successfully atomically created (if necessary) and
 * opened.  In this case the file will be returned attached to @file.
 *
 * Returns 1 if the file was not completely opened at this time, though lookups
 * and creations will have been performed and the dentry returned in @path will
 * be positive upon return if O_CREAT was specified.  If O_CREAT wasn't
 * specified then a negative dentry may be returned.
 *
 * An error code is returned otherwise.
 *
 * FILE_CREATE will be set in @*opened if the dentry was created and will be
 * cleared otherwise prior to returning.
 */
static int lookup_open(struct nameidata *nd, struct path *path,
			struct file *file,
			const struct open_flags *op,
			bool got_write, int *opened)
{
	struct dentry *dir = nd->path.dentry;
	struct inode *dir_inode = dir->d_inode;
	int open_flag = op->open_flag;
	struct dentry *dentry;
	int error, create_error = 0;
	umode_t mode = op->mode;
	DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK(wq);

	if (unlikely(IS_DEADDIR(dir_inode)))
		return -ENOENT;

	*opened &= ~FILE_CREATED;
	dentry = d_lookup(dir, &nd->last);
	for (;;) {
		if (!dentry) {
			dentry = d_alloc_parallel(dir, &nd->last, &wq);
			if (IS_ERR(dentry))
				return PTR_ERR(dentry);
		}
		if (d_in_lookup(dentry))
			break;

		error = d_revalidate(dentry, nd->flags);
		if (likely(error > 0))
			break;
		if (error)
			goto out_dput;
		d_invalidate(dentry);
		dput(dentry);
		dentry = NULL;
	}
	if (dentry->d_inode) {
		/* Cached positive dentry: will open in f_op->open */
		goto out_no_open;
	}

	/*
	 * Checking write permission is tricky, bacuse we don't know if we are
	 * going to actually need it: O_CREAT opens should work as long as the
	 * file exists.  But checking existence breaks atomicity.  The trick is
	 * to check access and if not granted clear O_CREAT from the flags.
	 *
	 * Another problem is returing the "right" error value (e.g. for an
	 * O_EXCL open we want to return EEXIST not EROFS).
	 */
	if (open_flag & O_CREAT) {
		if (!IS_POSIXACL(dir->d_inode))
			mode &= ~current_umask();
		if (unlikely(!got_write)) {
			create_error = -EROFS;
			open_flag &= ~O_CREAT;
			if (open_flag & (O_EXCL | O_TRUNC))
				goto no_open;
			/* No side effects, safe to clear O_CREAT */
		} else {
			create_error = may_o_create(&nd->path, dentry, mode);
			if (create_error) {
				open_flag &= ~O_CREAT;
				if (open_flag & O_EXCL)
					goto no_open;
			}
		}
	} else if ((open_flag & (O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY|O_RDWR)) &&
		   unlikely(!got_write)) {
		/*
		 * No O_CREATE -> atomicity not a requirement -> fall
		 * back to lookup + open
		 */
		goto no_open;
	}

	if (dir_inode->i_op->atomic_open) {
		error = atomic_open(nd, dentry, path, file, op, open_flag,
				    mode, opened);
		if (unlikely(error == -ENOENT) && create_error)
			error = create_error;
		return error;
	}

no_open:
	if (d_in_lookup(dentry)) {
		struct dentry *res = dir_inode->i_op->lookup(dir_inode, dentry,
							     nd->flags);
		d_lookup_done(dentry);
		if (unlikely(res)) {
			if (IS_ERR(res)) {
				error = PTR_ERR(res);
				goto out_dput;
			}
			dput(dentry);
			dentry = res;
		}
	}

	/* Negative dentry, just create the file */
	if (!dentry->d_inode && (open_flag & O_CREAT)) {
		*opened |= FILE_CREATED;
		audit_inode_child(dir_inode, dentry, AUDIT_TYPE_CHILD_CREATE);
		if (!dir_inode->i_op->create) {
			error = -EACCES;
			goto out_dput;
		}
		error = dir_inode->i_op->create(dir_inode, dentry, mode,
						open_flag & O_EXCL);
		if (error)
			goto out_dput;
		fsnotify_create(dir_inode, dentry);
	}
	if (unlikely(create_error) && !dentry->d_inode) {
		error = create_error;
		goto out_dput;
	}
out_no_open:
	path->dentry = dentry;
	path->mnt = nd->path.mnt;
	return 1;

out_dput:
	dput(dentry);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Handle the last step of open()
 */
static int do_last(struct nameidata *nd,
		   struct file *file, const struct open_flags *op,
		   int *opened)
{
	struct dentry *dir = nd->path.dentry;
	int open_flag = op->open_flag;
	bool will_truncate = (open_flag & O_TRUNC) != 0;
	bool got_write = false;
	int acc_mode = op->acc_mode;
	unsigned seq;
	struct inode *inode;
	struct path path;
	int error;

	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_PARENT;
	nd->flags |= op->intent;

	if (nd->last_type != LAST_NORM) {
		error = handle_dots(nd, nd->last_type);
		if (unlikely(error))
			return error;
		goto finish_open;
	}

	if (!(open_flag & O_CREAT)) {
		if (nd->last.name[nd->last.len])
			nd->flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
		/* we _can_ be in RCU mode here */
		error = lookup_fast(nd, &path, &inode, &seq);
		if (likely(error > 0))
			goto finish_lookup;

		if (error < 0)
			return error;

		BUG_ON(nd->inode != dir->d_inode);
		BUG_ON(nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU);
	} else {
		/* create side of things */
		/*
		 * This will *only* deal with leaving RCU mode - LOOKUP_JUMPED
		 * has been cleared when we got to the last component we are
		 * about to look up
		 */
		error = complete_walk(nd);
		if (error)
			return error;

		audit_inode(nd->name, dir, LOOKUP_PARENT);
		/* trailing slashes? */
		if (unlikely(nd->last.name[nd->last.len]))
			return -EISDIR;
	}

	if (open_flag & (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR)) {
		error = mnt_want_write(nd->path.mnt);
		if (!error)
			got_write = true;
		/*
		 * do _not_ fail yet - we might not need that or fail with
		 * a different error; let lookup_open() decide; we'll be
		 * dropping this one anyway.
		 */
	}
	if (open_flag & O_CREAT)
		inode_lock(dir->d_inode);
	else
		inode_lock_shared(dir->d_inode);
	error = lookup_open(nd, &path, file, op, got_write, opened);
	if (open_flag & O_CREAT)
		inode_unlock(dir->d_inode);
	else
		inode_unlock_shared(dir->d_inode);

	if (error <= 0) {
		if (error)
			goto out;

		if ((*opened & FILE_CREATED) ||
		    !S_ISREG(file_inode(file)->i_mode))
			will_truncate = false;

		audit_inode(nd->name, file->f_path.dentry, 0);
		goto opened;
	}

	if (*opened & FILE_CREATED) {
		/* Don't check for write permission, don't truncate */
		open_flag &= ~O_TRUNC;
		will_truncate = false;
		acc_mode = 0;
		path_to_nameidata(&path, nd);
		goto finish_open_created;
	}

	/*
	 * If atomic_open() acquired write access it is dropped now due to
	 * possible mount and symlink following (this might be optimized away if
	 * necessary...)
	 */
	if (got_write) {
		mnt_drop_write(nd->path.mnt);
		got_write = false;
	}

	error = follow_managed(&path, nd);
	if (unlikely(error < 0))
		return error;

	if (unlikely(d_is_negative(path.dentry))) {
		path_to_nameidata(&path, nd);
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	/*
	 * create/update audit record if it already exists.
	 */
	audit_inode(nd->name, path.dentry, 0);

	if (unlikely((open_flag & (O_EXCL | O_CREAT)) == (O_EXCL | O_CREAT))) {
		path_to_nameidata(&path, nd);
		return -EEXIST;
	}

	seq = 0;	/* out of RCU mode, so the value doesn't matter */
	inode = d_backing_inode(path.dentry);
finish_lookup:
	error = step_into(nd, &path, 0, inode, seq);
	if (unlikely(error))
		return error;
finish_open:
	/* Why this, you ask?  _Now_ we might have grown LOOKUP_JUMPED... */
	error = complete_walk(nd);
	if (error)
		return error;
	audit_inode(nd->name, nd->path.dentry, 0);
	error = -EISDIR;
	if ((open_flag & O_CREAT) && d_is_dir(nd->path.dentry))
		goto out;
	error = -ENOTDIR;
	if ((nd->flags & LOOKUP_DIRECTORY) && !d_can_lookup(nd->path.dentry))
		goto out;
	if (!d_is_reg(nd->path.dentry))
		will_truncate = false;

	if (will_truncate) {
		error = mnt_want_write(nd->path.mnt);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		got_write = true;
	}
finish_open_created:
	error = may_open(&nd->path, acc_mode, open_flag);
	if (error)
		goto out;
	BUG_ON(*opened & FILE_OPENED); /* once it's opened, it's opened */
	error = vfs_open(&nd->path, file, current_cred());
	if (error)
		goto out;
	*opened |= FILE_OPENED;
opened:
	error = open_check_o_direct(file);
	if (!error)
		error = ima_file_check(file, op->acc_mode, *opened);
	if (!error && will_truncate)
		error = handle_truncate(file);
out:
	if (unlikely(error) && (*opened & FILE_OPENED))
		fput(file);
	if (unlikely(error > 0)) {
		WARN_ON(1);
		error = -EINVAL;
	}
	if (got_write)
		mnt_drop_write(nd->path.mnt);
	return error;
}

struct dentry *vfs_tmpfile(struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, int open_flag)
{
	static const struct qstr name = QSTR_INIT("/", 1);
	struct dentry *child = NULL;
	struct inode *dir = dentry->d_inode;
	struct inode *inode;
	int error;

	/* we want directory to be writable */
	error = inode_permission(dir, MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC);
	if (error)
		goto out_err;
	error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
	if (!dir->i_op->tmpfile)
		goto out_err;
	error = -ENOMEM;
	child = d_alloc(dentry, &name);
	if (unlikely(!child))
		goto out_err;
	error = dir->i_op->tmpfile(dir, child, mode);
	if (error)
		goto out_err;
	error = -ENOENT;
	inode = child->d_inode;
	if (unlikely(!inode))
		goto out_err;
	if (!(open_flag & O_EXCL)) {
		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
		inode->i_state |= I_LINKABLE;
		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
	}
	return child;

out_err:
	dput(child);
	return ERR_PTR(error);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_tmpfile);

static int do_tmpfile(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags,
		const struct open_flags *op,
		struct file *file, int *opened)
{
	struct dentry *child;
	struct path path;
	int error = path_lookupat(nd, flags | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY, &path);
	if (unlikely(error))
		return error;
	error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
	if (unlikely(error))
		goto out;
	child = vfs_tmpfile(path.dentry, op->mode, op->open_flag);
	error = PTR_ERR(child);
	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(child)))
		goto out2;
	dput(path.dentry);
	path.dentry = child;
	audit_inode(nd->name, child, 0);
	/* Don't check for other permissions, the inode was just created */
	error = may_open(&path, 0, op->open_flag);
	if (error)
		goto out2;
	file->f_path.mnt = path.mnt;
	error = finish_open(file, child, NULL, opened);
	if (error)
		goto out2;
	error = open_check_o_direct(file);
	if (error)
		fput(file);
out2:
	mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
out:
	path_put(&path);
	return error;
}

static int do_o_path(struct nameidata *nd, unsigned flags, struct file *file)
{
	struct path path;
	int error = path_lookupat(nd, flags, &path);
	if (!error) {
		audit_inode(nd->name, path.dentry, 0);
		error = vfs_open(&path, file, current_cred());
		path_put(&path);
	}
	return error;
}

static struct file *path_openat(struct nameidata *nd,
			const struct open_flags *op, unsigned flags)
{
	const char *s;
	struct file *file;
	int opened = 0;
	int error;

	file = get_empty_filp();
	if (IS_ERR(file))
		return file;

	file->f_flags = op->open_flag;

	if (unlikely(file->f_flags & __O_TMPFILE)) {
		error = do_tmpfile(nd, flags, op, file, &opened);
		goto out2;
	}

	if (unlikely(file->f_flags & O_PATH)) {
		error = do_o_path(nd, flags, file);
		if (!error)
			opened |= FILE_OPENED;
		goto out2;
	}

	s = path_init(nd, flags);
	if (IS_ERR(s)) {
		put_filp(file);
		return ERR_CAST(s);
	}
	while (!(error = link_path_walk(s, nd)) &&
		(error = do_last(nd, file, op, &opened)) > 0) {
		nd->flags &= ~(LOOKUP_OPEN|LOOKUP_CREATE|LOOKUP_EXCL);
		s = trailing_symlink(nd);
		if (IS_ERR(s)) {
			error = PTR_ERR(s);
			break;
		}
	}
	terminate_walk(nd);
out2:
	if (!(opened & FILE_OPENED)) {
		BUG_ON(!error);
		put_filp(file);
	}
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		if (error == -EOPENSTALE) {
			if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU)
				error = -ECHILD;
			else
				error = -ESTALE;
		}
		file = ERR_PTR(error);
	}
	return file;
}

struct file *do_filp_open(int dfd, struct filename *pathname,
		const struct open_flags *op)
{
	struct nameidata nd;
	int flags = op->lookup_flags;
	struct file *filp;

	set_nameidata(&nd, dfd, pathname);
	filp = path_openat(&nd, op, flags | LOOKUP_RCU);
	if (unlikely(filp == ERR_PTR(-ECHILD)))
		filp = path_openat(&nd, op, flags);
	if (unlikely(filp == ERR_PTR(-ESTALE)))
		filp = path_openat(&nd, op, flags | LOOKUP_REVAL);
	restore_nameidata();
	return filp;
}

struct file *do_file_open_root(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
		const char *name, const struct open_flags *op)
{
	struct nameidata nd;
	struct file *file;
	struct filename *filename;
	int flags = op->lookup_flags | LOOKUP_ROOT;

	nd.root.mnt = mnt;
	nd.root.dentry = dentry;

	if (d_is_symlink(dentry) && op->intent & LOOKUP_OPEN)
		return ERR_PTR(-ELOOP);

	filename = getname_kernel(name);
	if (IS_ERR(filename))
		return ERR_CAST(filename);

	set_nameidata(&nd, -1, filename);
	file = path_openat(&nd, op, flags | LOOKUP_RCU);
	if (unlikely(file == ERR_PTR(-ECHILD)))
		file = path_openat(&nd, op, flags);
	if (unlikely(file == ERR_PTR(-ESTALE)))
		file = path_openat(&nd, op, flags | LOOKUP_REVAL);
	restore_nameidata();
	putname(filename);
	return file;
}

static struct dentry *filename_create(int dfd, struct filename *name,
				struct path *path, unsigned int lookup_flags)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);
	struct qstr last;
	int type;
	int err2;
	int error;
	bool is_dir = (lookup_flags & LOOKUP_DIRECTORY);

	/*
	 * Note that only LOOKUP_REVAL and LOOKUP_DIRECTORY matter here. Any
	 * other flags passed in are ignored!
	 */
	lookup_flags &= LOOKUP_REVAL;

	name = filename_parentat(dfd, name, lookup_flags, path, &last, &type);
	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return ERR_CAST(name);

	/*
	 * Yucky last component or no last component at all?
	 * (foo/., foo/.., /////)
	 */
	if (unlikely(type != LAST_NORM))
		goto out;

	/* don't fail immediately if it's r/o, at least try to report other errors */
	err2 = mnt_want_write(path->mnt);
	/*
	 * Do the final lookup.
	 */
	lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_CREATE | LOOKUP_EXCL;
	inode_lock_nested(path->dentry->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	dentry = __lookup_hash(&last, path->dentry, lookup_flags);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		goto unlock;

	error = -EEXIST;
	if (d_is_positive(dentry))
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Special case - lookup gave negative, but... we had foo/bar/
	 * From the vfs_mknod() POV we just have a negative dentry -
	 * all is fine. Let's be bastards - you had / on the end, you've
	 * been asking for (non-existent) directory. -ENOENT for you.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!is_dir && last.name[last.len])) {
		error = -ENOENT;
		goto fail;
	}
	if (unlikely(err2)) {
		error = err2;
		goto fail;
	}
	putname(name);
	return dentry;
fail:
	dput(dentry);
	dentry = ERR_PTR(error);
unlock:
	inode_unlock(path->dentry->d_inode);
	if (!err2)
		mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
out:
	path_put(path);
	putname(name);
	return dentry;
}

struct dentry *kern_path_create(int dfd, const char *pathname,
				struct path *path, unsigned int lookup_flags)
{
	return filename_create(dfd, getname_kernel(pathname),
				path, lookup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kern_path_create);

void done_path_create(struct path *path, struct dentry *dentry)
{
	dput(dentry);
	inode_unlock(path->dentry->d_inode);
	mnt_drop_write(path->mnt);
	path_put(path);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(done_path_create);

inline struct dentry *user_path_create(int dfd, const char __user *pathname,
				struct path *path, unsigned int lookup_flags)
{
	return filename_create(dfd, getname(pathname), path, lookup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(user_path_create);

int vfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t dev)
{
	int error = may_create(dir, dentry);

	if (error)
		return error;

	if ((S_ISCHR(mode) || S_ISBLK(mode)) && !capable(CAP_MKNOD))
		return -EPERM;

	if (!dir->i_op->mknod)
		return -EPERM;

	error = devcgroup_inode_mknod(mode, dev);
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = security_inode_mknod(dir, dentry, mode, dev);
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = dir->i_op->mknod(dir, dentry, mode, dev);
	if (!error)
		fsnotify_create(dir, dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_mknod);

static int may_mknod(umode_t mode)
{
	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
	case S_IFREG:
	case S_IFCHR:
	case S_IFBLK:
	case S_IFIFO:
	case S_IFSOCK:
	case 0: /* zero mode translates to S_IFREG */
		return 0;
	case S_IFDIR:
		return -EPERM;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(mknodat, int, dfd, const char __user *, filename, umode_t, mode,
		unsigned, dev)
{
	struct dentry *dentry;
	struct path path;
	int error;
	unsigned int lookup_flags = 0;

	error = may_mknod(mode);
	if (error)
		return error;
retry:
	dentry = user_path_create(dfd, filename, &path, lookup_flags);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		return PTR_ERR(dentry);

	if (!IS_POSIXACL(path.dentry->d_inode))
		mode &= ~current_umask();
	error = security_path_mknod(&path, dentry, mode, dev);
	if (error)
		goto out;
	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
		case 0: case S_IFREG:
			error = vfs_create(path.dentry->d_inode,dentry,mode,true);
			if (!error)
				ima_post_path_mknod(dentry);
			break;
		case S_IFCHR: case S_IFBLK:
			error = vfs_mknod(path.dentry->d_inode,dentry,mode,
					new_decode_dev(dev));
			break;
		case S_IFIFO: case S_IFSOCK:
			error = vfs_mknod(path.dentry->d_inode,dentry,mode,0);
			break;
	}
out:
	done_path_create(&path, dentry);
	if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
		goto retry;
	}
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mknod, const char __user *, filename, umode_t, mode, unsigned, dev)
{
	return sys_mknodat(AT_FDCWD, filename, mode, dev);
}

int vfs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
{
	int error = may_create(dir, dentry);
	unsigned max_links = dir->i_sb->s_max_links;

	if (error)
		return error;

	if (!dir->i_op->mkdir)
		return -EPERM;

	mode &= (S_IRWXUGO|S_ISVTX);
	error = security_inode_mkdir(dir, dentry, mode);
	if (error)
		return error;

	if (max_links && dir->i_nlink >= max_links)
		return -EMLINK;

	error = dir->i_op->mkdir(dir, dentry, mode);
	if (!error)
		fsnotify_mkdir(dir, dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_mkdir);

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mkdirat, int, dfd, const char __user *, pathname, umode_t, mode)
{
	struct dentry *dentry;
	struct path path;
	int error;
	unsigned int lookup_flags = LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;

retry:
	dentry = user_path_create(dfd, pathname, &path, lookup_flags);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		return PTR_ERR(dentry);

	if (!IS_POSIXACL(path.dentry->d_inode))
		mode &= ~current_umask();
	error = security_path_mkdir(&path, dentry, mode);
	if (!error)
		error = vfs_mkdir(path.dentry->d_inode, dentry, mode);
	done_path_create(&path, dentry);
	if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
		goto retry;
	}
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(mkdir, const char __user *, pathname, umode_t, mode)
{
	return sys_mkdirat(AT_FDCWD, pathname, mode);
}

int vfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
	int error = may_delete(dir, dentry, 1);

	if (error)
		return error;

	if (!dir->i_op->rmdir)
		return -EPERM;

	dget(dentry);
	inode_lock(dentry->d_inode);

	error = -EBUSY;
	if (is_local_mountpoint(dentry))
		goto out;

	error = security_inode_rmdir(dir, dentry);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	shrink_dcache_parent(dentry);
	error = dir->i_op->rmdir(dir, dentry);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	dentry->d_inode->i_flags |= S_DEAD;
	dont_mount(dentry);
	detach_mounts(dentry);

out:
	inode_unlock(dentry->d_inode);
	dput(dentry);
	if (!error)
		d_delete(dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_rmdir);

static long do_rmdir(int dfd, const char __user *pathname)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct filename *name;
	struct dentry *dentry;
	struct path path;
	struct qstr last;
	int type;
	unsigned int lookup_flags = 0;
retry:
	name = filename_parentat(dfd, getname(pathname), lookup_flags,
				&path, &last, &type);
	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return PTR_ERR(name);

	switch (type) {
	case LAST_DOTDOT:
		error = -ENOTEMPTY;
		goto exit1;
	case LAST_DOT:
		error = -EINVAL;
		goto exit1;
	case LAST_ROOT:
		error = -EBUSY;
		goto exit1;
	}

	error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
	if (error)
		goto exit1;

	inode_lock_nested(path.dentry->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	dentry = __lookup_hash(&last, path.dentry, lookup_flags);
	error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		goto exit2;
	if (!dentry->d_inode) {
		error = -ENOENT;
		goto exit3;
	}
	error = security_path_rmdir(&path, dentry);
	if (error)
		goto exit3;
	error = vfs_rmdir(path.dentry->d_inode, dentry);
exit3:
	dput(dentry);
exit2:
	inode_unlock(path.dentry->d_inode);
	mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
exit1:
	path_put(&path);
	putname(name);
	if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
		goto retry;
	}
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(rmdir, const char __user *, pathname)
{
	return do_rmdir(AT_FDCWD, pathname);
}

/**
 * vfs_unlink - unlink a filesystem object
 * @dir:	parent directory
 * @dentry:	victim
 * @delegated_inode: returns victim inode, if the inode is delegated.
 *
 * The caller must hold dir->i_mutex.
 *
 * If vfs_unlink discovers a delegation, it will return -EWOULDBLOCK and
 * return a reference to the inode in delegated_inode.  The caller
 * should then break the delegation on that inode and retry.  Because
 * breaking a delegation may take a long time, the caller should drop
 * dir->i_mutex before doing so.
 *
 * Alternatively, a caller may pass NULL for delegated_inode.  This may
 * be appropriate for callers that expect the underlying filesystem not
 * to be NFS exported.
 */
int vfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, struct inode **delegated_inode)
{
	struct inode *target = dentry->d_inode;
	int error = may_delete(dir, dentry, 0);

	if (error)
		return error;

	if (!dir->i_op->unlink)
		return -EPERM;

	inode_lock(target);
	if (is_local_mountpoint(dentry))
		error = -EBUSY;
	else {
		error = security_inode_unlink(dir, dentry);
		if (!error) {
			error = try_break_deleg(target, delegated_inode);
			if (error)
				goto out;
			error = dir->i_op->unlink(dir, dentry);
			if (!error) {
				dont_mount(dentry);
				detach_mounts(dentry);
			}
		}
	}
out:
	inode_unlock(target);

	/* We don't d_delete() NFS sillyrenamed files--they still exist. */
	if (!error && !(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED)) {
		fsnotify_link_count(target);
		d_delete(dentry);
	}

	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_unlink);

/*
 * Make sure that the actual truncation of the file will occur outside its
 * directory's i_mutex.  Truncate can take a long time if there is a lot of
 * writeout happening, and we don't want to prevent access to the directory
 * while waiting on the I/O.
 */
static long do_unlinkat(int dfd, const char __user *pathname)
{
	int error;
	struct filename *name;
	struct dentry *dentry;
	struct path path;
	struct qstr last;
	int type;
	struct inode *inode = NULL;
	struct inode *delegated_inode = NULL;
	unsigned int lookup_flags = 0;
retry:
	name = filename_parentat(dfd, getname(pathname), lookup_flags,
				&path, &last, &type);
	if (IS_ERR(name))
		return PTR_ERR(name);

	error = -EISDIR;
	if (type != LAST_NORM)
		goto exit1;

	error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
	if (error)
		goto exit1;
retry_deleg:
	inode_lock_nested(path.dentry->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	dentry = __lookup_hash(&last, path.dentry, lookup_flags);
	error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
	if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
		/* Why not before? Because we want correct error value */
		if (last.name[last.len])
			goto slashes;
		inode = dentry->d_inode;
		if (d_is_negative(dentry))
			goto slashes;
		ihold(inode);
		error = security_path_unlink(&path, dentry);
		if (error)
			goto exit2;
		error = vfs_unlink(path.dentry->d_inode, dentry, &delegated_inode);
exit2:
		dput(dentry);
	}
	inode_unlock(path.dentry->d_inode);
	if (inode)
		iput(inode);	/* truncate the inode here */
	inode = NULL;
	if (delegated_inode) {
		error = break_deleg_wait(&delegated_inode);
		if (!error)
			goto retry_deleg;
	}
	mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
exit1:
	path_put(&path);
	putname(name);
	if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
		inode = NULL;
		goto retry;
	}
	return error;

slashes:
	if (d_is_negative(dentry))
		error = -ENOENT;
	else if (d_is_dir(dentry))
		error = -EISDIR;
	else
		error = -ENOTDIR;
	goto exit2;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(unlinkat, int, dfd, const char __user *, pathname, int, flag)
{
	if ((flag & ~AT_REMOVEDIR) != 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (flag & AT_REMOVEDIR)
		return do_rmdir(dfd, pathname);

	return do_unlinkat(dfd, pathname);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(unlink, const char __user *, pathname)
{
	return do_unlinkat(AT_FDCWD, pathname);
}

int vfs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *oldname)
{
	int error = may_create(dir, dentry);

	if (error)
		return error;

	if (!dir->i_op->symlink)
		return -EPERM;

	error = security_inode_symlink(dir, dentry, oldname);
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = dir->i_op->symlink(dir, dentry, oldname);
	if (!error)
		fsnotify_create(dir, dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_symlink);

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(symlinkat, const char __user *, oldname,
		int, newdfd, const char __user *, newname)
{
	int error;
	struct filename *from;
	struct dentry *dentry;
	struct path path;
	unsigned int lookup_flags = 0;

	from = getname(oldname);
	if (IS_ERR(from))
		return PTR_ERR(from);
retry:
	dentry = user_path_create(newdfd, newname, &path, lookup_flags);
	error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		goto out_putname;

	error = security_path_symlink(&path, dentry, from->name);
	if (!error)
		error = vfs_symlink(path.dentry->d_inode, dentry, from->name);
	done_path_create(&path, dentry);
	if (retry_estale(error, lookup_flags)) {
		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
		goto retry;
	}
out_putname:
	putname(from);
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(symlink, const char __user *, oldname, const char __user *, newname)
{
	return sys_symlinkat(oldname, AT_FDCWD, newname);
}

/**
 * vfs_link - create a new link
 * @old_dentry:	object to be linked
 * @dir:	new parent
 * @new_dentry:	where to create the new link
 * @delegated_inode: returns inode needing a delegation break
 *
 * The caller must hold dir->i_mutex
 *
 * If vfs_link discovers a delegation on the to-be-linked file in need
 * of breaking, it will return -EWOULDBLOCK and return a reference to the
 * inode in delegated_inode.  The caller should then break the delegation
 * and retry.  Because breaking a delegation may take a long time, the
 * caller should drop the i_mutex before doing so.
 *
 * Alternatively, a caller may pass NULL for delegated_inode.  This may
 * be appropriate for callers that expect the underlying filesystem not
 * to be NFS exported.
 */
int vfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *new_dentry, struct inode **delegated_inode)
{
	struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
	unsigned max_links = dir->i_sb->s_max_links;
	int error;

	if (!inode)
		return -ENOENT;

	error = may_create(dir, new_dentry);
	if (error)
		return error;

	if (dir->i_sb != inode->i_sb)
		return -EXDEV;

	/*
	 * A link to an append-only or immutable file cannot be created.
	 */
	if (IS_APPEND(inode) || IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
		return -EPERM;
	/*
	 * Updating the link count will likely cause i_uid and i_gid to
	 * be writen back improperly if their true value is unknown to
	 * the vfs.
	 */
	if (HAS_UNMAPPED_ID(inode))
		return -EPERM;
	if (!dir->i_op->link)
		return -EPERM;
	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
		return -EPERM;

	error = security_inode_link(old_dentry, dir, new_dentry);
	if (error)
		return error;

	inode_lock(inode);
	/* Make sure we don't allow creating hardlink to an unlinked file */
	if (inode->i_nlink == 0 && !(inode->i_state & I_LINKABLE))
		error =  -ENOENT;
	else if (max_links && inode->i_nlink >= max_links)
		error = -EMLINK;
	else {
		error = try_break_deleg(inode, delegated_inode);
		if (!error)
			error = dir->i_op->link(old_dentry, dir, new_dentry);
	}

	if (!error && (inode->i_state & I_LINKABLE)) {
		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
		inode->i_state &= ~I_LINKABLE;
		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
	}
	inode_unlock(inode);
	if (!error)
		fsnotify_link(dir, inode, new_dentry);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_link);

/*
 * Hardlinks are often used in delicate situations.  We avoid