aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/drivers/remoteproc
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorSjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>2012-07-15 04:25:27 -0400
committerOhad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>2012-07-15 04:25:27 -0400
commit72854fb042b15b6139031a59c4725b3d86708352 (patch)
treefc2c5271ad363024481ae905334db308b4fe4ab5 /drivers/remoteproc
parent3e5f9eb5d91e430ca908a61615f9a89c189a0d4e (diff)
remoteproc: Move Elf related functions to separate file
Prepare for introduction of custom firmware loaders by moving all ELF related handling into a separate file. The functions: rproc_find_rsc_table(), rproc_fw_sanity_check(), rproc_find_rsc_table() and rproc_get_boot_addr() are moved to the new file remoteproc_elf_loader.c. The function rproc_da_to_va() is made non-static and is declared in remoteproc_internal.h No functional changes are introduced in this patch. Signed-off-by: Sjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com> [ohad: rebase, fix kerneldoc, put prototypes in remoteproc_internal.h] Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/remoteproc')
-rw-r--r--drivers/remoteproc/Makefile1
-rw-r--r--drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_core.c249
-rw-r--r--drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_elf_loader.c287
-rw-r--r--drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_internal.h11
4 files changed, 300 insertions, 248 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/remoteproc/Makefile b/drivers/remoteproc/Makefile
index 5445d9b23294..934ce6e2c66b 100644
--- a/drivers/remoteproc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/remoteproc/Makefile
@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_REMOTEPROC) += remoteproc.o
6remoteproc-y := remoteproc_core.o 6remoteproc-y := remoteproc_core.o
7remoteproc-y += remoteproc_debugfs.o 7remoteproc-y += remoteproc_debugfs.o
8remoteproc-y += remoteproc_virtio.o 8remoteproc-y += remoteproc_virtio.o
9remoteproc-y += remoteproc_elf_loader.o
9obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_REMOTEPROC) += omap_remoteproc.o 10obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_REMOTEPROC) += omap_remoteproc.o
diff --git a/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_core.c b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_core.c
index 3173e213940b..c68b3bb567f4 100644
--- a/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_core.c
+++ b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_core.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void rproc_disable_iommu(struct rproc *rproc)
149 * but only on kernel direct mapped RAM memory. Instead, we're just using 149 * but only on kernel direct mapped RAM memory. Instead, we're just using
150 * here the output of the DMA API, which should be more correct. 150 * here the output of the DMA API, which should be more correct.
151 */ 151 */
152static void *rproc_da_to_va(struct rproc *rproc, u64 da, int len) 152void *rproc_da_to_va(struct rproc *rproc, u64 da, int len)
153{ 153{
154 struct rproc_mem_entry *carveout; 154 struct rproc_mem_entry *carveout;
155 void *ptr = NULL; 155 void *ptr = NULL;
@@ -173,96 +173,6 @@ static void *rproc_da_to_va(struct rproc *rproc, u64 da, int len)
173 return ptr; 173 return ptr;
174} 174}
175 175
176/**
177 * rproc_load_segments() - load firmware segments to memory
178 * @rproc: remote processor which will be booted using these fw segments
179 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
180 *
181 * This function loads the firmware segments to memory, where the remote
182 * processor expects them.
183 *
184 * Some remote processors will expect their code and data to be placed
185 * in specific device addresses, and can't have them dynamically assigned.
186 *
187 * We currently support only those kind of remote processors, and expect
188 * the program header's paddr member to contain those addresses. We then go
189 * through the physically contiguous "carveout" memory regions which we
190 * allocated (and mapped) earlier on behalf of the remote processor,
191 * and "translate" device address to kernel addresses, so we can copy the
192 * segments where they are expected.
193 *
194 * Currently we only support remote processors that required carveout
195 * allocations and got them mapped onto their iommus. Some processors
196 * might be different: they might not have iommus, and would prefer to
197 * directly allocate memory for every segment/resource. This is not yet
198 * supported, though.
199 */
200static int
201rproc_load_segments(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
202{
203 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
204 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
205 struct elf32_phdr *phdr;
206 int i, ret = 0;
207 const u8 *elf_data = fw->data;
208
209 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)elf_data;
210 phdr = (struct elf32_phdr *)(elf_data + ehdr->e_phoff);
211
212 /* go through the available ELF segments */
213 for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; i++, phdr++) {
214 u32 da = phdr->p_paddr;
215 u32 memsz = phdr->p_memsz;
216 u32 filesz = phdr->p_filesz;
217 u32 offset = phdr->p_offset;
218 void *ptr;
219
220 if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD)
221 continue;
222
223 dev_dbg(dev, "phdr: type %d da 0x%x memsz 0x%x filesz 0x%x\n",
224 phdr->p_type, da, memsz, filesz);
225
226 if (filesz > memsz) {
227 dev_err(dev, "bad phdr filesz 0x%x memsz 0x%x\n",
228 filesz, memsz);
229 ret = -EINVAL;
230 break;
231 }
232
233 if (offset + filesz > fw->size) {
234 dev_err(dev, "truncated fw: need 0x%x avail 0x%x\n",
235 offset + filesz, fw->size);
236 ret = -EINVAL;
237 break;
238 }
239
240 /* grab the kernel address for this device address */
241 ptr = rproc_da_to_va(rproc, da, memsz);
242 if (!ptr) {
243 dev_err(dev, "bad phdr da 0x%x mem 0x%x\n", da, memsz);
244 ret = -EINVAL;
245 break;
246 }
247
248 /* put the segment where the remote processor expects it */
249 if (phdr->p_filesz)
250 memcpy(ptr, elf_data + phdr->p_offset, filesz);
251
252 /*
253 * Zero out remaining memory for this segment.
254 *
255 * This isn't strictly required since dma_alloc_coherent already
256 * did this for us. albeit harmless, we may consider removing
257 * this.
258 */
259 if (memsz > filesz)
260 memset(ptr + filesz, 0, memsz - filesz);
261 }
262
263 return ret;
264}
265
266int rproc_alloc_vring(struct rproc_vdev *rvdev, int i) 176int rproc_alloc_vring(struct rproc_vdev *rvdev, int i)
267{ 177{
268 struct rproc *rproc = rvdev->rproc; 178 struct rproc *rproc = rvdev->rproc;
@@ -817,85 +727,6 @@ rproc_handle_virtio_rsc(struct rproc *rproc, struct resource_table *table, int l
817} 727}
818 728
819/** 729/**
820 * rproc_find_rsc_table() - find the resource table
821 * @rproc: the rproc handle
822 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
823 * @tablesz: place holder for providing back the table size
824 *
825 * This function finds the resource table inside the remote processor's
826 * firmware. It is used both upon the registration of @rproc (in order
827 * to look for and register the supported virito devices), and when the
828 * @rproc is booted.
829 *
830 * Returns the pointer to the resource table if it is found, and write its
831 * size into @tablesz. If a valid table isn't found, NULL is returned
832 * (and @tablesz isn't set).
833 */
834static struct resource_table *
835rproc_find_rsc_table(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw,
836 int *tablesz)
837{
838 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
839 struct elf32_shdr *shdr;
840 const char *name_table;
841 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
842 struct resource_table *table = NULL;
843 int i;
844 const u8 *elf_data = fw->data;
845
846 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)elf_data;
847 shdr = (struct elf32_shdr *)(elf_data + ehdr->e_shoff);
848 name_table = elf_data + shdr[ehdr->e_shstrndx].sh_offset;
849
850 /* look for the resource table and handle it */
851 for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++, shdr++) {
852 int size = shdr->sh_size;
853 int offset = shdr->sh_offset;
854
855 if (strcmp(name_table + shdr->sh_name, ".resource_table"))
856 continue;
857
858 table = (struct resource_table *)(elf_data + offset);
859
860 /* make sure we have the entire table */
861 if (offset + size > fw->size) {
862 dev_err(dev, "resource table truncated\n");
863 return NULL;
864 }
865
866 /* make sure table has at least the header */
867 if (sizeof(struct resource_table) > size) {
868 dev_err(dev, "header-less resource table\n");
869 return NULL;
870 }
871
872 /* we don't support any version beyond the first */
873 if (table->ver != 1) {
874 dev_err(dev, "unsupported fw ver: %d\n", table->ver);
875 return NULL;
876 }
877
878 /* make sure reserved bytes are zeroes */
879 if (table->reserved[0] || table->reserved[1]) {
880 dev_err(dev, "non zero reserved bytes\n");
881 return NULL;
882 }
883
884 /* make sure the offsets array isn't truncated */
885 if (table->num * sizeof(table->offset[0]) +
886 sizeof(struct resource_table) > size) {
887 dev_err(dev, "resource table incomplete\n");
888 return NULL;
889 }
890
891 *tablesz = shdr->sh_size;
892 break;
893 }
894
895 return table;
896}
897
898/**
899 * rproc_resource_cleanup() - clean up and free all acquired resources 730 * rproc_resource_cleanup() - clean up and free all acquired resources
900 * @rproc: rproc handle 731 * @rproc: rproc handle
901 * 732 *
@@ -938,84 +769,6 @@ static void rproc_resource_cleanup(struct rproc *rproc)
938 } 769 }
939} 770}
940 771
941/* make sure this fw image is sane */
942static int rproc_fw_sanity_check(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
943{
944 const char *name = rproc->firmware;
945 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
946 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
947 char class;
948
949 if (!fw) {
950 dev_err(dev, "failed to load %s\n", name);
951 return -EINVAL;
952 }
953
954 if (fw->size < sizeof(struct elf32_hdr)) {
955 dev_err(dev, "Image is too small\n");
956 return -EINVAL;
957 }
958
959 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)fw->data;
960
961 /* We only support ELF32 at this point */
962 class = ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS];
963 if (class != ELFCLASS32) {
964 dev_err(dev, "Unsupported class: %d\n", class);
965 return -EINVAL;
966 }
967
968 /* We assume the firmware has the same endianess as the host */
969# ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
970 if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB) {
971# else /* BIG ENDIAN */
972 if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB) {
973# endif
974 dev_err(dev, "Unsupported firmware endianess\n");
975 return -EINVAL;
976 }
977
978 if (fw->size < ehdr->e_shoff + sizeof(struct elf32_shdr)) {
979 dev_err(dev, "Image is too small\n");
980 return -EINVAL;
981 }
982
983 if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG)) {
984 dev_err(dev, "Image is corrupted (bad magic)\n");
985 return -EINVAL;
986 }
987
988 if (ehdr->e_phnum == 0) {
989 dev_err(dev, "No loadable segments\n");
990 return -EINVAL;
991 }
992
993 if (ehdr->e_phoff > fw->size) {
994 dev_err(dev, "Firmware size is too small\n");
995 return -EINVAL;
996 }
997
998 return 0;
999}
1000
1001/**
1002 * rproc_get_boot_addr() - Get rproc's boot address.
1003 * @rproc: the remote processor handle
1004 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
1005 *
1006 * This function returns the entry point address of the ELF
1007 * image.
1008 *
1009 * Note that the boot address is not a configurable property of all remote
1010 * processors. Some will always boot at a specific hard-coded address.
1011 */
1012u32 rproc_get_boot_addr(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
1013{
1014 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)fw->data;
1015
1016 return ehdr->e_entry;
1017}
1018
1019/* 772/*
1020 * take a firmware and boot a remote processor with it. 773 * take a firmware and boot a remote processor with it.
1021 */ 774 */
diff --git a/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_elf_loader.c b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_elf_loader.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c6fe6ad2d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_elf_loader.c
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
1/*
2 * Remote Processor Framework Elf loader
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2011 Texas Instruments, Inc.
5 * Copyright (C) 2011 Google, Inc.
6 *
7 * Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
8 * Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
9 * Mark Grosen <mgrosen@ti.com>
10 * Fernando Guzman Lugo <fernando.lugo@ti.com>
11 * Suman Anna <s-anna@ti.com>
12 * Robert Tivy <rtivy@ti.com>
13 * Armando Uribe De Leon <x0095078@ti.com>
14 * Sjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>
15 *
16 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
17 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
18 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 *
20 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
21 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
22 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
23 * GNU General Public License for more details.
24 */
25
26#define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt, __func__
27
28#include <linux/module.h>
29#include <linux/firmware.h>
30#include <linux/remoteproc.h>
31#include <linux/elf.h>
32
33#include "remoteproc_internal.h"
34
35/**
36 * rproc_fw_sanity_check() - Sanity Check ELF firmware image
37 * @rproc: the remote processor handle
38 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
39 *
40 * Make sure this fw image is sane.
41 */
42int
43rproc_fw_sanity_check(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
44{
45 const char *name = rproc->firmware;
46 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
47 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
48 char class;
49
50 if (!fw) {
51 dev_err(dev, "failed to load %s\n", name);
52 return -EINVAL;
53 }
54
55 if (fw->size < sizeof(struct elf32_hdr)) {
56 dev_err(dev, "Image is too small\n");
57 return -EINVAL;
58 }
59
60 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)fw->data;
61
62 /* We only support ELF32 at this point */
63 class = ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS];
64 if (class != ELFCLASS32) {
65 dev_err(dev, "Unsupported class: %d\n", class);
66 return -EINVAL;
67 }
68
69 /* We assume the firmware has the same endianess as the host */
70# ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
71 if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB) {
72# else /* BIG ENDIAN */
73 if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB) {
74# endif
75 dev_err(dev, "Unsupported firmware endianess\n");
76 return -EINVAL;
77 }
78
79 if (fw->size < ehdr->e_shoff + sizeof(struct elf32_shdr)) {
80 dev_err(dev, "Image is too small\n");
81 return -EINVAL;
82 }
83
84 if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG)) {
85 dev_err(dev, "Image is corrupted (bad magic)\n");
86 return -EINVAL;
87 }
88
89 if (ehdr->e_phnum == 0) {
90 dev_err(dev, "No loadable segments\n");
91 return -EINVAL;
92 }
93
94 if (ehdr->e_phoff > fw->size) {
95 dev_err(dev, "Firmware size is too small\n");
96 return -EINVAL;
97 }
98
99 return 0;
100}
101
102/**
103 * rproc_get_boot_addr() - Get rproc's boot address.
104 * @rproc: the remote processor handle
105 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
106 *
107 * This function returns the entry point address of the ELF
108 * image.
109 *
110 * Note that the boot address is not a configurable property of all remote
111 * processors. Some will always boot at a specific hard-coded address.
112 */
113u32 rproc_get_boot_addr(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
114{
115 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)fw->data;
116
117 return ehdr->e_entry;
118}
119
120/**
121 * rproc_load_segments() - load firmware segments to memory
122 * @rproc: remote processor which will be booted using these fw segments
123 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
124 *
125 * This function loads the firmware segments to memory, where the remote
126 * processor expects them.
127 *
128 * Some remote processors will expect their code and data to be placed
129 * in specific device addresses, and can't have them dynamically assigned.
130 *
131 * We currently support only those kind of remote processors, and expect
132 * the program header's paddr member to contain those addresses. We then go
133 * through the physically contiguous "carveout" memory regions which we
134 * allocated (and mapped) earlier on behalf of the remote processor,
135 * and "translate" device address to kernel addresses, so we can copy the
136 * segments where they are expected.
137 *
138 * Currently we only support remote processors that required carveout
139 * allocations and got them mapped onto their iommus. Some processors
140 * might be different: they might not have iommus, and would prefer to
141 * directly allocate memory for every segment/resource. This is not yet
142 * supported, though.
143 */
144int
145rproc_load_segments(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw)
146{
147 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
148 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
149 struct elf32_phdr *phdr;
150 int i, ret = 0;
151 const u8 *elf_data = fw->data;
152
153 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)elf_data;
154 phdr = (struct elf32_phdr *)(elf_data + ehdr->e_phoff);
155
156 /* go through the available ELF segments */
157 for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; i++, phdr++) {
158 u32 da = phdr->p_paddr;
159 u32 memsz = phdr->p_memsz;
160 u32 filesz = phdr->p_filesz;
161 u32 offset = phdr->p_offset;
162 void *ptr;
163
164 if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD)
165 continue;
166
167 dev_dbg(dev, "phdr: type %d da 0x%x memsz 0x%x filesz 0x%x\n",
168 phdr->p_type, da, memsz, filesz);
169
170 if (filesz > memsz) {
171 dev_err(dev, "bad phdr filesz 0x%x memsz 0x%x\n",
172 filesz, memsz);
173 ret = -EINVAL;
174 break;
175 }
176
177 if (offset + filesz > fw->size) {
178 dev_err(dev, "truncated fw: need 0x%x avail 0x%x\n",
179 offset + filesz, fw->size);
180 ret = -EINVAL;
181 break;
182 }
183
184 /* grab the kernel address for this device address */
185 ptr = rproc_da_to_va(rproc, da, memsz);
186 if (!ptr) {
187 dev_err(dev, "bad phdr da 0x%x mem 0x%x\n", da, memsz);
188 ret = -EINVAL;
189 break;
190 }
191
192 /* put the segment where the remote processor expects it */
193 if (phdr->p_filesz)
194 memcpy(ptr, elf_data + phdr->p_offset, filesz);
195
196 /*
197 * Zero out remaining memory for this segment.
198 *
199 * This isn't strictly required since dma_alloc_coherent already
200 * did this for us. albeit harmless, we may consider removing
201 * this.
202 */
203 if (memsz > filesz)
204 memset(ptr + filesz, 0, memsz - filesz);
205 }
206
207 return ret;
208}
209
210/**
211 * rproc_find_rsc_table() - find the resource table
212 * @rproc: the rproc handle
213 * @fw: the ELF firmware image
214 * @tablesz: place holder for providing back the table size
215 *
216 * This function finds the resource table inside the remote processor's
217 * firmware. It is used both upon the registration of @rproc (in order
218 * to look for and register the supported virito devices), and when the
219 * @rproc is booted.
220 *
221 * Returns the pointer to the resource table if it is found, and write its
222 * size into @tablesz. If a valid table isn't found, NULL is returned
223 * (and @tablesz isn't set).
224 */
225struct resource_table *
226rproc_find_rsc_table(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw,
227 int *tablesz)
228{
229 struct elf32_hdr *ehdr;
230 struct elf32_shdr *shdr;
231 const char *name_table;
232 struct device *dev = &rproc->dev;
233 struct resource_table *table = NULL;
234 int i;
235 const u8 *elf_data = fw->data;
236
237 ehdr = (struct elf32_hdr *)elf_data;
238 shdr = (struct elf32_shdr *)(elf_data + ehdr->e_shoff);
239 name_table = elf_data + shdr[ehdr->e_shstrndx].sh_offset;
240
241 /* look for the resource table and handle it */
242 for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++, shdr++) {
243 int size = shdr->sh_size;
244 int offset = shdr->sh_offset;
245
246 if (strcmp(name_table + shdr->sh_name, ".resource_table"))
247 continue;
248
249 table = (struct resource_table *)(elf_data + offset);
250
251 /* make sure we have the entire table */
252 if (offset + size > fw->size) {
253 dev_err(dev, "resource table truncated\n");
254 return NULL;
255 }
256
257 /* make sure table has at least the header */
258 if (sizeof(struct resource_table) > size) {
259 dev_err(dev, "header-less resource table\n");
260 return NULL;
261 }
262
263 /* we don't support any version beyond the first */
264 if (table->ver != 1) {
265 dev_err(dev, "unsupported fw ver: %d\n", table->ver);
266 return NULL;
267 }
268
269 /* make sure reserved bytes are zeroes */
270 if (table->reserved[0] || table->reserved[1]) {
271 dev_err(dev, "non zero reserved bytes\n");
272 return NULL;
273 }
274
275 /* make sure the offsets array isn't truncated */
276 if (table->num * sizeof(table->offset[0]) +
277 sizeof(struct resource_table) > size) {
278 dev_err(dev, "resource table incomplete\n");
279 return NULL;
280 }
281
282 *tablesz = shdr->sh_size;
283 break;
284 }
285
286 return table;
287}
diff --git a/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_internal.h b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_internal.h
index f4957cfa0883..a44e1926e4c3 100644
--- a/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_internal.h
+++ b/drivers/remoteproc/remoteproc_internal.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
21#define REMOTEPROC_INTERNAL_H 21#define REMOTEPROC_INTERNAL_H
22 22
23#include <linux/irqreturn.h> 23#include <linux/irqreturn.h>
24#include <linux/firmware.h>
24 25
25struct rproc; 26struct rproc;
26 27
@@ -43,4 +44,14 @@ void rproc_exit_debugfs(void);
43 44
44void rproc_free_vring(struct rproc_vring *rvring); 45void rproc_free_vring(struct rproc_vring *rvring);
45int rproc_alloc_vring(struct rproc_vdev *rvdev, int i); 46int rproc_alloc_vring(struct rproc_vdev *rvdev, int i);
47
48void *rproc_da_to_va(struct rproc *rproc, u64 da, int len);
49
50struct resource_table *rproc_find_rsc_table(struct rproc *rproc,
51 const struct firmware *fw,
52 int *tablesz);
53int rproc_load_segments(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw);
54int rproc_fw_sanity_check(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw);
55u32 rproc_get_boot_addr(struct rproc *rproc, const struct firmware *fw);
56
46#endif /* REMOTEPROC_INTERNAL_H */ 57#endif /* REMOTEPROC_INTERNAL_H */