x86_64: mcelog tolerant level cleanup

Background:
 The MCE handler has several paths that it can take, depending on various
 conditions of the MCE status and the value of the 'tolerant' knob.  The
 exact semantics are not well defined and the code is a bit twisty.

Description:
 This patch makes the MCE handler's behavior more clear by documenting the
 behavior for various 'tolerant' levels.  It also fixes or enhances
 several small things in the handler.  Specifically:
     * If RIPV is set it is not safe to restart, so set the 'no way out'
       flag rather than the 'kill it' flag.
     * Don't panic() on correctable MCEs.
     * If the _OVER bit is set *and* the _UC bit is set (meaning possibly
       dropped uncorrected errors), set the 'no way out' flag.
     * Use EIPV for testing whether an app can be killed (SIGBUS) rather
       than RIPV.  According to docs, EIPV indicates that the error is
       related to the IP, while RIPV simply means the IP is valid to
       restart from.
     * Don't clear the MCi_STATUS registers until after the panic() path.
       This leaves the status bits set after the panic() so clever BIOSes
       can find them (and dumb BIOSes can do nothing).

 This patch also calls nonseekable_open() in mce_open (as suggested by akpm).

Result:
 Tolerant levels behave almost identically to how they always have, but
 not it's well defined.  There's a slightly higher chance of panic()ing
 when multiple errors happen (a good thing, IMHO).  If you take an MBE and
 panic(), the error status bits are not cleared.

Alternatives:
 None.

Testing:
 I used software to inject correctable and uncorrectable errors.  With
 tolerant = 3, the system usually survives.  With tolerant = 2, the system
 usually panic()s (PCC) but not always.  With tolerant = 1, the system
 always panic()s.  When the system panic()s, the BIOS is able to detect
 that the cause of death was an MC4.  I was not able to reproduce the
 case of a non-PCC error in userspace, with EIPV, with (tolerant < 3).
 That will be rare at best.

Signed-off-by: Tim Hockin <thockin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

1 files changed, 8 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck b/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck
index feaeaf6f6e4d..a05e58e7b159 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck
+++ b/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck
@@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ tolerant
         Since machine check exceptions can happen any time it is sometimes
         risky for the kernel to kill a process because it defies
         normal kernel locking rules. The tolerance level configures
-        how hard the kernel tries to recover even at some risk of deadlock.
-
-        0: always panic,
-        1: panic if deadlock possible,
-        2: try to avoid panic,
-        3: never panic or exit (for testing only)
+        how hard the kernel tries to recover even at some risk of
+        deadlock.  Higher tolerant values trade potentially better uptime
+        with the risk of a crash or even corruption (for tolerant >= 3).
+
+        0: always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+        1: panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+        2: SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
+        3: never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only)
 
         Default: 1