/*
* linux/fs/ext3/ialloc.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
* Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
* Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
* Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
*
* BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
* Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com), 1993
* Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
* David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
*/
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/jbd.h>
#include <linux/ext3_fs.h>
#include <linux/ext3_jbd.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/quotaops.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <trace/events/ext3.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include "xattr.h"
#include "acl.h"
/*
* ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
*/
/*
* The free inodes are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
* blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
* block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
*
* The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
* super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
* the free blocks count in the block.
*/
/*
* Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
* into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
*
* Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
*/
static struct buffer_head *
read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block * sb, unsigned long block_group)
{
struct ext3_group_desc *desc;
struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
if (!desc)
goto error_out;
bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
if (!bh)
ext3_error(sb, "read_inode_bitmap",
"Cannot read inode bitmap - "
"block_group = %lu, inode_bitmap = %u",
block_group, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
error_out:
return bh;
}
/*
* NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
* that have access to it, and as such there are no
* race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
* is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
* through the filesystem because the directory entry
* has been deleted earlier.
*
* HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
* which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
* _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
* bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
* the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
* though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
* same inode number and space on the harddisk.
*/
void ext3_free_inode (handle_t *handle, struct inode * inode)
{
struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
int is_directory;
unsigned long ino;
struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
struct buffer_head *bh2;
unsigned long block_group;
unsigned long bit;
struct ext3_group_desc * gdp;
struct ext3_super_block * es;
struct ext3_sb_info *sbi;
int fatal = 0, err;
if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count) > 1) {
printk ("ext3_free_inode: inode has count=%d\n",
atomic_read(&inode->i_count));
return;
}
if (inode->i_nlink) {
printk ("ext3_free_inode: inode has nlink=%d\n",
inode->i_nlink);
return;
}
if (!sb) {
printk("ext3_free_inode: inode on nonexistent device\n");
return;
}
sbi = EXT3_SB(sb);
ino = inode->i_ino;
ext3_debug ("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);
trace_ext3_free_inode(inode);
is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
es = EXT3_SB(sb)->s_es;
if (ino < EXT3_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
ext3_error (sb, "ext3_free_inode",
"reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
goto error_return;
}
block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
bit = (ino - 1) % EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
if (!bitmap_bh)
goto error_return;
BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
fatal = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
if (fatal)
goto error_return;
/* Ok, now we can actually update the inode bitmaps.. */
if (!ext3_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group),
bit, bitmap_bh->b_data))
ext3_error (sb, "ext3_free_inode",
"bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
else {
gdp = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, block_group, &bh2);
BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "get_write_access");
fatal = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh2);
if (fatal) goto error_return;
if (gdp) {
spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group));
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_free_inodes_count, 1);
if (is_directory)
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_used_dirs_count, -1);
spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group));
percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
if (is_directory)
percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
}
BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh2);
if (!fatal) fatal = err;
}
BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bitmap_bh);
if (!fatal)
fatal = err;
error_return:
brelse(bitmap_bh);
ext3_std_error(sb, fatal);
}
/*
* Orlov's allocator for directories.
*
* We always try to spread first-level directories.
*
* If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
* not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
* Otherwise we simply return a random group.
*
* For the rest rules look so:
*
* It's OK to put directory into a group unless
* it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
* it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
* it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
* it's already running too large debt (max_debt).
* Parent's group is preferred, if it doesn't satisfy these
* conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
* of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
* free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
*
* Debt is incremented each time we allocate a directory and decremented
* when we allocate an inode, within 0--255.
*/
#define INODE_COST 64
#define BLOCK_COST 256
static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
{
int parent_group = EXT3_I(parent)->i_block_group;
struct ext3_sb_info *sbi = EXT3_SB(sb);
struct ext3_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
int ngroups = sbi->s_groups_count;
int inodes_per_group = EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
unsigned int freei, avefreei;
ext3_fsblk_t freeb, avefreeb;
ext3_fsblk_t blocks_per_dir;
unsigned int ndirs;
int max_debt, max_dirs, min_inodes;
ext3_grpblk_t min_blocks;
int group = -1, i;
struct ext3_group_desc *desc;
freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
avefreei = freei / ngroups;
freeb = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
avefreeb = freeb / ngroups;
ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
if ((parent == sb->s_root->d_inode) ||
(EXT3_I(parent)->i_flags & EXT3_TOPDIR_FL)) {
int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
int best_group = -1;
get_random_bytes(&group, sizeof(group));
parent_group = (unsigned)group % ngroups;
for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= best_ndir)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < avefreeb)
continue;
best_group = group;
best_ndir = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count);
}
if (best_group >= 0)
return best_group;
goto fallback;
}
blocks_per_dir = (le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count) - freeb) / ndirs;
max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group / 4;
min_blocks = avefreeb - EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 4;
max_debt = EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / max(blocks_per_dir, (ext3_fsblk_t)BLOCK_COST);
if (max_debt * INODE_COST > inodes_per_group)
max_debt = inodes_per_group / INODE_COST;
if (max_debt > 255)
max_debt = 255;
if (max_debt == 0)
max_debt = 1;
for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= max_dirs)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < min_inodes)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < min_blocks)
continue;
return group;
}
fallback:
for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
continue;
if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) >= avefreei)
return group;
}
if (avefreei) {
/*
* The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
* filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
*/
avefreei = 0;
goto fallback;
}
return -1;
}
static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
{
int parent_group = EXT3_I(parent)->i_block_group;
int ngroups = EXT3_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
struct ext3_group_desc *desc;
int group, i;
/*
* Try to place the inode in its parent directory
*/
group = parent_group;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
return group;
/*
* We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
* parent. We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
* the same blockgroup. But we want files which are in a different
* directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
* different blockgroup.
*
* So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
*/
group = (group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;
/*
* Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some free
* blocks.
*/
for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
group += i;
if (group >= ngroups)
group -= ngroups;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
return group;
}
/*
* That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
* has no free blocks.
*/
group = parent_group;
for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
if (++group >= ngroups)
group = 0;
desc = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count))
return group;
}
return -1;
}
/*
* There are two policies for allocating an inode. If the new inode is
* a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
* free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
* the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
* directories already is chosen.
*
* For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory's block
* group to find a free inode.
*/
struct inode *ext3_new_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode * dir,
const struct qstr *qstr, int mode)
{
struct super_block *sb;
struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
struct buffer_head *bh2;
int group;
unsigned long ino = 0;
struct inode * inode;
struct ext3_group_desc * gdp = NULL;
struct ext3_super_block * es;
struct ext3_inode_info *ei;
struct ext3_sb_info *sbi;
int err = 0;
struct inode *ret;
int i;
/* Cannot create files in a deleted directory */
if (!dir || !dir->i_nlink)
return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
sb = dir->i_sb;
trace_ext3_request_inode(dir, mode);
inode = new_inode(sb);
if (!inode)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
ei = EXT3_I(inode);
sbi = EXT3_SB(sb);
es = sbi->s_es;
if (S_ISDIR(mode))
group = find_group_orlov(sb, dir);
else
group = find_group_other(sb, dir);
err = -ENOSPC;
if (group == -1)
goto out;
for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++) {
err = -EIO;
gdp = ext3_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh2);
if (!gdp)
goto fail;
brelse(bitmap_bh);
bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
if (!bitmap_bh)
goto fail;
ino = 0;
repeat_in_this_group:
ino = ext3_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)
bitmap_bh->b_data, EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
if (ino < EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
if (err)
goto fail;
if (!ext3_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group),
ino, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
/* we won it */
BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh,
"call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle,
bitmap_bh);
if (err)
goto fail;
goto got;
}
/* we lost it */
journal_release_buffer(handle, bitmap_bh);
if (++ino < EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
goto repeat_in_this_group;
}
/*
* This case is possible in concurrent environment. It is very
* rare. We cannot repeat the find_group_xxx() call because
* that will simply return the same blockgroup, because the
* group descriptor metadata has not yet been updated.
* So we just go onto the next blockgroup.
*/
if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
group = 0;
}
err = -ENOSPC;
goto out;
got:
ino += group * EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 1;
if (ino < EXT3_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
ext3_error (sb, "ext3_new_inode",
"reserved inode or inode > inodes count - "
"block_group = %d, inode=%lu", group, ino);
err = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "get_write_access");
err = ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh2);
if (err) goto fail;
spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_free_inodes_count, -1);
if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_used_dirs_count, 1);
}
spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "call ext3_journal_dirty_metadata");
err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh2);
if (err) goto fail;
percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
if (S_ISDIR(mode))
percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
if (test_opt(sb, GRPID)) {
inode->i_mode = mode;
inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
} else
inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
inode->i_ino = ino;
/* This is the optimal IO size (for stat), not the fs block size */
inode->i_blocks = 0;
inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
ei->i_disksize = 0;
ei->i_flags =
ext3_mask_flags(mode, EXT3_I(dir)->i_flags & EXT3_FL_INHERITED);
#ifdef EXT3_FRAGMENTS
ei->i_faddr = 0;
ei->i_frag_no = 0;
ei->i_frag_size = 0;
#endif
ei->i_file_acl = 0;
ei->i_dir_acl = 0;
ei->i_dtime = 0;
ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
ei->i_block_group = group;
ext3_set_inode_flags(inode);
if (IS_DIRSYNC(inode))
handle->h_sync = 1;
if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
err = -EINVAL;
goto fail_drop;
}
spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
ei->i_state_flags = 0;
ext3_set_inode_state(inode, EXT3_STATE_NEW);
/* See comment in ext3_iget for explanation */
if (ino >= EXT3_FIRST_INO(sb) + 1 &&
EXT3_INODE_SIZE(sb) > EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
ei->i_extra_isize =
sizeof(struct ext3_inode) - EXT3_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE;
} else {
ei->i_extra_isize = 0;
}
ret = inode;
dquot_initialize(inode);
err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
if (err)
goto fail_drop;
err = ext3_init_acl(handle, inode, dir);
if (err)
goto fail_free_drop;
err = ext3_init_security(handle, inode, dir, qstr);
if (err)
goto fail_free_drop;
err = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
if (err) {
ext3_std_error(sb, err);
goto fail_free_drop;
}
ext3_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
trace_ext3_allocate_inode(inode, dir, mode);
goto really_out;
fail:
ext3_std_error(sb, err);
out:
iput(inode);
ret = ERR_PTR(err);
really_out:
brelse(bitmap_bh);
return ret;
fail_free_drop:
dquot_free_inode(inode);
fail_drop:
dquot_drop(inode);
inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
clear_nlink(inode);
unlock_new_inode(inode);
iput(inode);
brelse(bitmap_bh);
return ERR_PTR(err);
}
/* Verify that we are loading a valid orphan from disk */
struct inode *ext3_orphan_get(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
{
unsigned long max_ino = le32_to_cpu(EXT3_SB(sb)->s_es->s_inodes_count);
unsigned long block_group;
int bit;
struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
struct inode *inode = NULL;
long err = -EIO;
/* Error cases - e2fsck has already cleaned up for us */
if (ino > max_ino) {
ext3_warning(sb, __func__,
"bad orphan ino %lu! e2fsck was run?", ino);
goto error;
}
block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
bit = (ino - 1) % EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
if (!bitmap_bh) {
ext3_warning(sb, __func__,
"inode bitmap error for orphan %lu", ino);
goto error;
}
/* Having the inode bit set should be a 100% indicator that this
* is a valid orphan (no e2fsck run on fs). Orphans also include
* inodes that were being truncated, so we can't check i_nlink==0.
*/
if (!ext3_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data))
goto bad_orphan;
inode = ext3_iget(sb, ino);
if (IS_ERR(inode))
goto iget_failed;
/*
* If the orphans has i_nlinks > 0 then it should be able to be
* truncated, otherwise it won't be removed from the orphan list
* during processing and an infinite loop will result.
*/
if (inode->i_nlink && !ext3_can_truncate(inode))
goto bad_orphan;
if (NEXT_ORPHAN(inode) > max_ino)
goto bad_orphan;
brelse(bitmap_bh);
return inode;
iget_failed:
err = PTR_ERR(inode);
inode = NULL;
bad_orphan:
ext3_warning(sb, __func__,
"bad orphan inode %lu! e2fsck was run?", ino);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "ext3_test_bit(bit=%d, block=%llu) = %d\n",
bit, (unsigned long long)bitmap_bh->b_blocknr,
ext3_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data));
printk(KERN_NOTICE "inode=%p\n", inode);
if (inode) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE "is_bad_inode(inode)=%d\n",
is_bad_inode(inode));
printk(KERN_NOTICE "NEXT_ORPHAN(inode)=%u\n",
NEXT_ORPHAN(inode));
printk(KERN_NOTICE "max_ino=%lu\n", max_ino);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "i_nlink=%u\n", inode->i_nlink);
/* Avoid freeing blocks if we got a bad deleted inode */
if (inode->i_nlink == 0)
inode->i_blocks = 0;
iput(inode);
}
brelse(bitmap_bh);
error:
return ERR_PTR(err);
}
unsigned long ext3_count_free_inodes (struct super_block * sb)
{
unsigned long desc_count;
struct ext3_group_desc *gdp;
int i;
#ifdef EXT3FS_DEBUG
struct ext3_super_block *es;
unsigned long bitmap_count, x;
struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
es = EXT3_SB(sb)->s_es;
desc_count = 0;
bitmap_count = 0;
gdp = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < EXT3_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
gdp = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
if (!gdp)
continue;
desc_count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count);
brelse(bitmap_bh);
bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
if (!bitmap_bh)
continue;
x = ext3_count_free(bitmap_bh, EXT3_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
printk("group %d: stored = %d, counted = %lu\n",
i, le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count), x);
bitmap_count += x;
}
brelse(bitmap_bh);
printk("ext3_count_free_inodes: stored = %u, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
le32_to_cpu(es->s_free_inodes_count), desc_count, bitmap_count);
return desc_count;
#else
desc_count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < EXT3_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
gdp = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
if (!gdp)
continue;
desc_count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count);
cond_resched();
}
return desc_count;
#endif
}
/* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
unsigned long ext3_count_dirs (struct super_block * sb)
{
unsigned long count = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < EXT3_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
struct ext3_group_desc *gdp = ext3_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
if (!gdp)
continue;
count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count);
}
return count;
}
