/* Driver for USB Mass Storage compliant devices
* SCSI layer glue code
*
* Current development and maintenance by:
* (c) 1999-2002 Matthew Dharm (mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net)
*
* Developed with the assistance of:
* (c) 2000 David L. Brown, Jr. (usb-storage@davidb.org)
* (c) 2000 Stephen J. Gowdy (SGowdy@lbl.gov)
*
* Initial work by:
* (c) 1999 Michael Gee (michael@linuxspecific.com)
*
* This driver is based on the 'USB Mass Storage Class' document. This
* describes in detail the protocol used to communicate with such
* devices. Clearly, the designers had SCSI and ATAPI commands in
* mind when they created this document. The commands are all very
* similar to commands in the SCSI-II and ATAPI specifications.
*
* It is important to note that in a number of cases this class
* exhibits class-specific exemptions from the USB specification.
* Notably the usage of NAK, STALL and ACK differs from the norm, in
* that they are used to communicate wait, failed and OK on commands.
*
* Also, for certain devices, the interrupt endpoint is used to convey
* status of a command.
*
* Please see http://www.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/linux-usb for more
* information about this driver.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
* Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
* later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <scsi/scsi.h>
#include <scsi/scsi_cmnd.h>
#include <scsi/scsi_devinfo.h>
#include <scsi/scsi_device.h>
#include <scsi/scsi_eh.h>
#include "usb.h"
#include "scsiglue.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "transport.h"
#include "protocol.h"
/* Vendor IDs for companies that seem to include the READ CAPACITY bug
* in all their devices
*/
#define VENDOR_ID_NOKIA 0x0421
#define VENDOR_ID_NIKON 0x04b0
#define VENDOR_ID_PENTAX 0x0a17
#define VENDOR_ID_MOTOROLA 0x22b8
/***********************************************************************
* Host functions
***********************************************************************/
static const char* host_info(struct Scsi_Host *host)
{
return "SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices";
}
static int slave_alloc (struct scsi_device *sdev)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(sdev->host);
/*
* Set the INQUIRY transfer length to 36. We don't use any of
* the extra data and many devices choke if asked for more or
* less than 36 bytes.
*/
sdev->inquiry_len = 36;
/* USB has unusual DMA-alignment requirements: Although the
* starting address of each scatter-gather element doesn't matter,
* the length of each element except the last must be divisible
* by the Bulk maxpacket value. There's currently no way to
* express this by block-layer constraints, so we'll cop out
* and simply require addresses to be aligned at 512-byte
* boundaries. This is okay since most block I/O involves
* hardware sectors that are multiples of 512 bytes in length,
* and since host controllers up through USB 2.0 have maxpacket
* values no larger than 512.
*
* But it doesn't suffice for Wireless USB, where Bulk maxpacket
* values can be as large as 2048. To make that work properly
* will require changes to the block layer.
*/
blk_queue_update_dma_alignment(sdev->request_queue, (512 - 1));
/*
* The UFI spec treates the Peripheral Qualifier bits in an
* INQUIRY result as reserved and requires devices to set them
* to 0. However the SCSI spec requires these bits to be set
* to 3 to indicate when a LUN is not present.
*
* Let the scanning code know if this target merely sets
* Peripheral Device Type to 0x1f to indicate no LUN.
*/
if (us->subclass == US_SC_UFI)
sdev->sdev_target->pdt_1f_for_no_lun = 1;
return 0;
}
static int slave_configure(struct scsi_device *sdev)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(sdev->host);
/* Many devices have trouble transfering more than 32KB at a time,
* while others have trouble with more than 64K. At this time we
* are limiting both to 32K (64 sectores).
*/
if (us->fflags & (US_FL_MAX_SECTORS_64 | US_FL_MAX_SECTORS_MIN)) {
unsigned int max_sectors = 64;
if (us->fflags & US_FL_MAX_SECTORS_MIN)
max_sectors = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE >> 9;
if (queue_max_sectors(sdev->request_queue) > max_sectors)
blk_queue_max_sectors(sdev->request_queue,
max_sectors);
} else if (sdev->type == TYPE_TAPE) {
/* Tapes need much higher max_sector limits, so just
* raise it to the maximum possible (4 GB / 512) and
* let the queue segment size sort out the real limit.
*/
blk_queue_max_sectors(sdev->request_queue, 0x7FFFFF);
}
/* Some USB host controllers can't do DMA; they have to use PIO.
* They indicate this by setting their dma_mask to NULL. For
* such controllers we need to make sure the block layer sets
* up bounce buffers in addressable memory.
*/
if (!us->pusb_dev->bus->controller->dma_mask)
blk_queue_bounce_limit(sdev->request_queue, BLK_BOUNCE_HIGH);
/* We can't put these settings in slave_alloc() because that gets
* called before the device type is known. Consequently these
* settings can't be overridden via the scsi devinfo mechanism. */
if (sdev->type == TYPE_DISK) {
/* Some vendors seem to put the READ CAPACITY bug into
* all their devices -- primarily makers of cell phones
* and digital cameras. Since these devices always use
* flash media and can be expected to have an even number
* of sectors, we will always enable the CAPACITY_HEURISTICS
* flag unless told otherwise. */
switch (le16_to_cpu(us->pusb_dev->descriptor.idVendor)) {
case VENDOR_ID_NOKIA:
case VENDOR_ID_NIKON:
case VENDOR_ID_PENTAX:
case VENDOR_ID_MOTOROLA:
if (!(us->fflags & (US_FL_FIX_CAPACITY |
US_FL_CAPACITY_OK)))
us->fflags |= US_FL_CAPACITY_HEURISTICS;
break;
}
/* Disk-type devices use MODE SENSE(6) if the protocol
* (SubClass) is Transparent SCSI, otherwise they use
* MODE SENSE(10). */
if (us->subclass != US_SC_SCSI && us->subclass != US_SC_CYP_ATACB)
sdev->use_10_for_ms = 1;
/* Many disks only accept MODE SENSE transfer lengths of
* 192 bytes (that's what Windows uses). */
sdev->use_192_bytes_for_3f = 1;
/* Some devices don't like MODE SENSE with page=0x3f,
* which is the command used for checking if a device
* is write-protected. Now that we tell the sd driver
* to do a 192-byte transfer with this command the
* majority of devices work fine, but a few still can't
* handle it. The sd driver will simply assume those
* devices are write-enabled. */
if (us->fflags & US_FL_NO_WP_DETECT)
sdev->skip_ms_page_3f = 1;
/* A number of devices have problems with MODE SENSE for
* page x08, so we will skip it. */
sdev->skip_ms_page_8 = 1;
/* Some disks return the total number of blocks in response
* to READ CAPACITY rather than the highest block number.
* If this device makes that mistake, tell the sd driver. */
if (us->fflags & US_FL_FIX_CAPACITY)
sdev->fix_capacity = 1;
/* A few disks have two indistinguishable version, one of
* which reports the correct capacity and the other does not.
* The sd driver has to guess which is the case. */
if (us->fflags & US_FL_CAPACITY_HEURISTICS)
sdev->guess_capacity = 1;
/* assume SPC3 or latter devices support sense size > 18 */
if (sdev->scsi_level > SCSI_SPC_2)
us->fflags |= US_FL_SANE_SENSE;
/* Some devices report a SCSI revision level above 2 but are
* unable to handle the REPORT LUNS command (for which
* support is mandatory at level 3). Since we already have
* a Get-Max-LUN request, we won't lose much by setting the
* revision level down to 2. The only devices that would be
* affected are those with sparse LUNs. */
if (sdev->scsi_level > SCSI_2)
sdev->sdev_target->scsi_level =
sdev->scsi_level = SCSI_2;
/* USB-IDE bridges tend to report SK = 0x04 (Non-recoverable
* Hardware Error) when any low-level error occurs,
* recoverable or not. Setting this flag tells the SCSI
* midlayer to retry such commands, which frequently will
* succeed and fix the error. The worst this can lead to
* is an occasional series of retries that will all fail. */
sdev->retry_hwerror = 1;
/* USB disks should allow restart. Some drives spin down
* automatically, requiring a START-STOP UNIT command. */
sdev->allow_restart = 1;
/* Some USB cardreaders have trouble reading an sdcard's last
* sector in a larger then 1 sector read, since the performance
* impact is negible we set this flag for all USB disks */
sdev->last_sector_bug = 1;
/* Enable last-sector hacks for single-target devices using
* the Bulk-only transport, unless we already know the
* capacity will be decremented or is correct. */
if (!(us->fflags & (US_FL_FIX_CAPACITY | US_FL_CAPACITY_OK |
US_FL_SCM_MULT_TARG)) &&
us->protocol == US_PR_BULK)
us->use_last_sector_hacks = 1;
} else {
/* Non-disk-type devices don't need to blacklist any pages
* or to force 192-byte transfer lengths for MODE SENSE.
* But they do need to use MODE SENSE(10). */
sdev->use_10_for_ms = 1;
}
/* The CB and CBI transports have no way to pass LUN values
* other than the bits in the second byte of a CDB. But those
* bits don't get set to the LUN value if the device reports
* scsi_level == 0 (UNKNOWN). Hence such devices must necessarily
* be single-LUN.
*/
if ((us->protocol == US_PR_CB || us->protocol == US_PR_CBI) &&
sdev->scsi_level == SCSI_UNKNOWN)
us->max_lun = 0;
/* Some devices choke when they receive a PREVENT-ALLOW MEDIUM
* REMOVAL command, so suppress those commands. */
if (us->fflags & US_FL_NOT_LOCKABLE)
sdev->lockable = 0;
/* this is to satisfy the compiler, tho I don't think the
* return code is ever checked anywhere. */
return 0;
}
/* queue a command */
/* This is always called with scsi_lock(host) held */
static int queuecommand(struct scsi_cmnd *srb,
void (*done)(struct scsi_cmnd *))
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(srb->device->host);
US_DEBUGP("%s called\n", __func__);
/* check for state-transition errors */
if (us->srb != NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR USB_STORAGE "Error in %s: us->srb = %p\n",
__func__, us->srb);
return SCSI_MLQUEUE_HOST_BUSY;
}
/* fail the command if we are disconnecting */
if (test_bit(US_FLIDX_DISCONNECTING, &us->dflags)) {
US_DEBUGP("Fail command during disconnect\n");
srb->result = DID_NO_CONNECT << 16;
done(srb);
return 0;
}
/* enqueue the command and wake up the control thread */
srb->scsi_done = done;
us->srb = srb;
complete(&us->cmnd_ready);
return 0;
}
/***********************************************************************
* Error handling functions
***********************************************************************/
/* Command timeout and abort */
static int command_abort(struct scsi_cmnd *srb)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(srb->device->host);
US_DEBUGP("%s called\n", __func__);
/* us->srb together with the TIMED_OUT, RESETTING, and ABORTING
* bits are protected by the host lock. */
scsi_lock(us_to_host(us));
/* Is this command still active? */
if (us->srb != srb) {
scsi_unlock(us_to_host(us));
US_DEBUGP ("-- nothing to abort\n");
return FAILED;
}
/* Set the TIMED_OUT bit. Also set the ABORTING bit, but only if
* a device reset isn't already in progress (to avoid interfering
* with the reset). Note that we must retain the host lock while
* calling usb_stor_stop_transport(); otherwise it might interfere
* with an auto-reset that begins as soon as we release the lock. */
set_bit(US_FLIDX_TIMED_OUT, &us->dflags);
if (!test_bit(US_FLIDX_RESETTING, &us->dflags)) {
set_bit(US_FLIDX_ABORTING, &us->dflags);
usb_stor_stop_transport(us);
}
scsi_unlock(us_to_host(us));
/* Wait for the aborted command to finish */
wait_for_completion(&us->notify);
return SUCCESS;
}
/* This invokes the transport reset mechanism to reset the state of the
* device */
static int device_reset(struct scsi_cmnd *srb)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(srb->device->host);
int result;
US_DEBUGP("%s called\n", __func__);
/* lock the device pointers and do the reset */
mutex_lock(&(us->dev_mutex));
result = us->transport_reset(us);
mutex_unlock(&us->dev_mutex);
return result < 0 ? FAILED : SUCCESS;
}
/* Simulate a SCSI bus reset by resetting the device's USB port. */
static int bus_reset(struct scsi_cmnd *srb)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(srb->device->host);
int result;
US_DEBUGP("%s called\n", __func__);
result = usb_stor_port_reset(us);
return result < 0 ? FAILED : SUCCESS;
}
/* Report a driver-initiated device reset to the SCSI layer.
* Calling this for a SCSI-initiated reset is unnecessary but harmless.
* The caller must own the SCSI host lock. */
void usb_stor_report_device_reset(struct us_data *us)
{
int i;
struct Scsi_Host *host = us_to_host(us);
scsi_report_device_reset(host, 0, 0);
if (us->fflags & US_FL_SCM_MULT_TARG) {
for (i = 1; i < host->max_id; ++i)
scsi_report_device_reset(host, 0, i);
}
}
/* Report a driver-initiated bus reset to the SCSI layer.
* Calling this for a SCSI-initiated reset is unnecessary but harmless.
* The caller must not own the SCSI host lock. */
void usb_stor_report_bus_reset(struct us_data *us)
{
struct Scsi_Host *host = us_to_host(us);
scsi_lock(host);
scsi_report_bus_reset(host, 0);
scsi_unlock(host);
}
/***********************************************************************
* /proc/scsi/ functions
***********************************************************************/
/* we use this macro to help us write into the buffer */
#undef SPRINTF
#define SPRINTF(args...) \
do { if (pos < buffer+length) pos += sprintf(pos, ## args); } while (0)
static int proc_info (struct Scsi_Host *host, char *buffer,
char **start, off_t offset, int length, int inout)
{
struct us_data *us = host_to_us(host);
char *pos = buffer;
const char *string;
/* if someone is sending us data, just throw it away */
if (inout)
return length;
/* print the controller name */
SPRINTF(" Host scsi%d: usb-storage\n", host->host_no);
/* print product, vendor, and serial number strings */
if (us->pusb_dev->manufacturer)
string = us->pusb_dev->manufacturer;
else if (us->unusual_dev->vendorName)
string = us->unusual_dev->vendorName;
else
string = "Unknown";
SPRINTF(" Vendor: %s\n", string);
if (us->pusb_dev->product)
string = us->pusb_dev->product;
else if (us->unusual_dev->productName)
string = us->unusual_dev->productName;
else
string = "Unknown";
SPRINTF(" Product: %s\n", string);
if (us->pusb_dev->serial)
string = us->pusb_dev->serial;
else
string = "None";
SPRINTF("Serial Number: %s\n", string);
/* show the protocol and transport */
SPRINTF(" Protocol: %s\n", us->protocol_name);
SPRINTF(" Transport: %s\n", us->transport_name);
/* show the device flags */
if (pos < buffer + length) {
pos += sprintf(pos, " Quirks:");
#define US_FLAG(name, value) \
if (us->fflags & value) pos += sprintf(pos, " " #name);
US_DO_ALL_FLAGS
#undef US_FLAG
*(pos++) = '\n';
}
/*
* Calculate start of next buffer, and return value.
*/
*start = buffer + offset;
if ((pos - buffer) < offset)
return (0);
else if ((pos - buffer - offset) < length)
return (pos - buffer - offset);
else
return (length);
}
/***********************************************************************
* Sysfs interface
***********************************************************************/
/* Output routine for the sysfs max_sectors file */
static ssize_t show_max_sectors(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", queue_max_sectors(sdev->request_queue));
}
/* Input routine for the sysfs max_sectors file */
static ssize_t store_max_sectors(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
size_t count)
{
struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
unsigned short ms;
if (sscanf(buf, "%hu", &ms) > 0 && ms <= SCSI_DEFAULT_MAX_SECTORS) {
blk_queue_max_sectors(sdev->request_queue, ms);
return strlen(buf);
}
return -EINVAL;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(max_sectors, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_max_sectors,
store_max_sectors);
static struct device_attribute *sysfs_device_attr_list[] = {
&dev_attr_max_sectors,
NULL,
};
/*
* this defines our host template, with which we'll allocate hosts
*/
struct scsi_host_template usb_stor_host_template = {
/* basic userland interface stuff */
.name = "usb-storage",
.proc_name = "usb-storage",
.proc_info = proc_info,
.info = host_info,
/* command interface -- queued only */
.queuecommand = queuecommand,
/* error and abort handlers */
.eh_abort_handler = command_abort,
.eh_device_reset_handler = device_reset,
.eh_bus_reset_handler = bus_reset,
/* queue commands only, only one command per LUN */
.can_queue = 1,
.cmd_per_lun = 1,
/* unknown initiator id */
.this_id = -1,
.slave_alloc = slave_alloc,
.slave_configure = slave_configure,
/* lots of sg segments can be handled */
.sg_tablesize = SG_ALL,
/* limit the total size of a transfer to 120 KB */
.max_sectors = 240,
/* merge commands... this seems to help performance, but
* periodically someone should test to see which setting is more
* optimal.
*/
.use_clustering = 1,
/* emulated HBA */
.emulated = 1,
/* we do our own delay after a device or bus reset */
.skip_settle_delay = 1,
/* sysfs device attributes */
.sdev_attrs = sysfs_device_attr_list,
/* module management */
.module = THIS_MODULE
};
/* To Report "Illegal Request: Invalid Field in CDB */
unsigned char usb_stor_sense_invalidCDB[18] = {
[0] = 0x70, /* current error */
[2] = ILLEGAL_REQUEST, /* Illegal Request = 0x05 */
[7] = 0x0a, /* additional length */
[12] = 0x24 /* Invalid Field in CDB */
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_stor_sense_invalidCDB);
