c-qcam - Connectix Color QuickCam video4linux kernel driver
Copyright (C) 1999 Dave Forrest <drf5n@virginia.edu>
released under GNU GPL.
1999-12-08 Dave Forrest, written with kernel version 2.2.12 in mind
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Compilation, Installation, and Configuration
3.0 Troubleshooting
4.0 Future Work / current work arounds
9.0 Sample Program, v4lgrab
10.0 Other Information
1.0 Introduction
The file ../drivers/char/c-qcam.c is a device driver for the
Logitech (nee Connectix) parallel port interface color CCD camera.
This is a fairly inexpensive device for capturing images. Logitech
does not currently provide information for developers, but many people
have engineered several solutions for non-Microsoft use of the Color
Quickcam.
1.1 Motivation
I spent a number of hours trying to get my camera to work, and I
hope this document saves you some time. My camera will not work with
the 2.2.13 kernel as distributed, but with a few patches to the
module, I was able to grab some frames. See 4.0, Future Work.
2.0 Compilation, Installation, and Configuration
The c-qcam depends on parallel port support, video4linux, and the
Color Quickcam. It is also nice to have the parallel port readback
support enabled. I enabled these as modules during the kernel
configuration. The appropriate flags are:
CONFIG_PRINTER M for lp.o, parport.o parport_pc.o modules
CONFIG_PNP_PARPORT M for autoprobe.o IEEE1284 readback module
CONFIG_PRINTER_READBACK M for parport_probe.o IEEE1284 readback module
CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV M for videodev.o video4linux module
CONFIG_VIDEO_CQCAM M for c-qcam.o Color Quickcam module
With these flags, the kernel should compile and install the modules.
To record and monitor the compilation, I use:
(make zlilo ; \
make modules; \
make modules_install ;
depmod -a ) &>log &
less log # then a capital 'F' to watch the progress
But that is my personal preference.
2.2 Configuration
The configuration requires module configuration and device
configuration. I like kmod or kerneld process with the
/etc/modprobe.conf file so the modules can automatically load/unload as
they are used. The video devices could already exist, be generated
using MAKEDEV, or need to be created. The following sections detail
these procedures.
2.1 Module Configuration
Using modules requires a bit of work to install and pass the
parameters. Understand that entries in /etc/modprobe.conf of:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
options parport_pc io=0x378 irq=none
alias char-major-81 videodev
alias char-major-81-0 c-qcam
will cause the kmod/modprobe to do certain things. If you are
using kmod, then a request for a 'char-major-81-0' will cause
the 'c-qcam' module to load. If you have other video sources with
modules, you might want to assign the different minor numbers to
different modules.
2.2 Device Configuration
At this point, we need to ensure that the device files exist.
Video4linux used the /dev/video* files, and we want to attach the
Quickcam to one of these.
ls -lad /dev/video* # should produce a list of the video devices
If the video devices do not exist, you can create them with:
su
cd /dev
for ii in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ; do
mknod video$ii c 81 $ii # char-major-81-[0-16]
chown root.root video$ii # owned by root
chmod 600 video$ii # read/writable by root only
done
Lots of people connect video0 to video and bttv, but you might want
your c-qcam to mean something more:
ln -s video0 c-qcam # make /dev/c-qcam a working file
ln -s c-qcam video # make /dev/c-qcam your default video source
But these are conveniences. The important part is to make the proper
special character files with the right major and minor numbers. All
of the special device files are listed in ../devices.txt. If you
would like the c-qcam readable by non-root users, you will need to
change the permissions.
3.0 Troubleshooting
If the sample program below, v4lgrab, gives you output then
everything is working.
v4lgrab | wc # should give you a count of characters
Otherwise, you have some problem.
The c-qcam is IEEE1284 compatible, so if you are using the proc file
system (CONFIG_PROC_FS), the parallel printer support
(CONFIG_PRINTER), the IEEE 1284 system,(CONFIG_PRINTER_READBACK), you
should be able to read some identification from your quickcam with
modprobe -v parport
modprobe -v parport_probe
cat /proc/parport/PORTNUMBER/autoprobe
Returns:
CLASS:MEDIA;
MODEL:Color QuickCam 2.0;
MANUFACTURER:Connectix;
A good response to this indicates that your color quickcam is alive
and well. A common problem is that the current driver does not
reliably detect a c-qcam, even though one is attached. In this case,
modprobe -v c-qcam
or
insmod -v c-qcam
Returns a message saying "Device or resource busy" Development is
currently underway, but a workaround is to patch the module to skip
the detection code and attach to a defined port. Check the
video4linux mailing list and archive for more current information.
3.1 Checklist:
Can you get an image?
v4lgrab >qcam.ppm ; wc qcam.ppm ; xv qcam.ppm
Is a working c-qcam connected to the port?
grep ^ /proc/parport/?/autoprobe
Do the /dev/video* files exist?
ls -lad /dev/video
Is the c-qcam module loaded?
modprobe -v c-qcam ; lsmod
Does the camera work with alternate programs? cqcam, etc?
4.0 Future Work / current workarounds
It is hoped that this section will soon become obsolete, but if it
isn't, you might try patching the c-qcam module to add a parport=xxx
option as in the bw-qcam module so you can specify the parallel port:
insmod -v c-qcam parport=0
And bypass the detection code, see ../../drivers/char/c-qcam.c and
look for the 'qc_detect' code and call.
Note that there is work in progress to change the video4linux API,
this work is documented at the video4linux2 site listed below.
9.0 --- A sample program using v4lgrabber,
This program is a simple image grabber that will copy a frame from the
first video device, /dev/video0 to standard output in portable pixmap
format (.ppm) Using this like: 'v4lgrab | convert - c-qcam.jpg'
produced this picture of me at
http://mug.sys.virginia.edu/~drf5n/extras/c-qcam.jpg
-------------------- 8< ---------------- 8< -----------------------------
/* Simple Video4Linux image grabber. */
/*
* Video4Linux Driver Test/Example Framegrabbing Program
*
* Compile with:
* gcc -s -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes v4lgrab.c -o v4lgrab
* Use as:
* v4lgrab >image.ppm
*
* Copyright (C) 1998-05-03, Phil Blundell <philb@gnu.org>
* Copied from http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/vgrabber.c
* with minor modifications (Dave Forrest, drf5n@virginia.edu).
*
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/videodev.h>
#define FILE "/dev/video0"
/* Stole this from tvset.c */
#define READ_VIDEO_PIXEL(buf, format, depth, r, g, b) \
{ \
switch (format) \
{ \
case VIDEO_PALETTE_GREY: \
switch (depth) \
{ \
case 4: \
case 6: \
case 8: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = (*buf++ << 8);\
break; \
\
case 16: \
(r) = (g) = (b) = \
*((unsigned short *) buf); \
buf += 2; \
break; \
} \
break; \
\
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB565: \
{ \
unsigned short tmp = *(unsigned short *)buf; \
(r) = tmp&0xF800; \
(g) = (tmp<<5)&0xFC00; \
(b) = (tmp<<11)&0xF800; \
buf += 2; \
} \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555: \
(r) = (buf[0]&0xF8)<<8; \
(g) = ((buf[0] << 5 | buf[1] >> 3)&0xF8)<<8; \
(b) = ((buf[1] << 2 ) & 0xF8)<<8; \
buf += 2; \
break; \
\
case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24: \
(r) = buf[0] << 8; (g) = buf[1] << 8; \
(b) = buf[2] << 8; \
buf += 3; \
break; \
\
default: \
fprintf(stderr, \
"Format %d not yet supported\n", \
format); \
} \
}
int get_brightness_adj(unsigned char *image, long size, int *brightness) {
long i, tot = 0;
for (i=0;i<size*3;i++)
tot += image[i];
*brightness = (128 - tot/(size*3))/3;
return !((tot/(size*3)) >= 126 && (tot/(size*3)) <= 130);
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
int fd = open(FILE, O_RDONLY), f;
struct video_capability cap;
struct video_window win;
struct video_picture vpic;
unsigned char *buffer, *src;
int bpp = 24, r, g, b;
unsigned int i, src_depth;
if (fd < 0) {
perror(FILE);
exit(1);
}
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOCGCAP, &cap) < 0) {
perror("VIDIOGCAP");
fprintf(stderr, "(" FILE " not a video4linux device?)\n");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOCGWIN, &win) < 0) {
perror("VIDIOCGWIN");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
perror("VIDIOCGPICT");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
if (cap.type & VID_TYPE_MONOCHROME) {
vpic.depth=8;
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_GREY; /* 8bit grey */
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
vpic.depth=6;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
vpic.depth=4;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
close(fd);
exit(1);
}
}
}
} else {
vpic.depth=24;
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic) < 0) {
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB565;
vpic.depth=16;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
vpic.palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB555;
vpic.depth=15;
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a supported capture format.\n");
return -1;
}
}
}
}
buffer = malloc(win.width * win.height * bpp);
if (!buffer) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
exit(1);
}
do {
int newbright;
read(fd, buffer, win.width * win.height * bpp);
f = get_brightness_adj(buffer, win.width * win.height, &newbright);
if (f) {
vpic.brightness += (newbright << 8);
if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vpic)==-1) {
perror("VIDIOSPICT");
break;
}
}
} while (f);
fprintf(stdout, "P6\n%d %d 255\n", win.width, win.height);
src = buffer;
for (i = 0; i < win.width * win.height; i++) {
READ_VIDEO_PIXEL(src, vpic.palette, src_depth, r, g, b);
fputc(r>>8, stdout);
fputc(g>>8, stdout);
fputc(b>>8, stdout);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
-------------------- 8< ---------------- 8< -----------------------------
10.0 --- Other Information
Use the ../../Maintainers file, particularly the VIDEO FOR LINUX and PARALLEL
PORT SUPPORT sections
The video4linux page:
http://roadrunner.swansea.linux.org.uk/v4l.shtml
The video4linux2 page:
http://millennium.diads.com/bdirks/v4l2.htm
Some web pages about the quickcams:
http://www.dkfz-heidelberg.de/Macromol/wedemann/mini-HOWTO-cqcam.html
http://www.crynwr.com/qcpc/ QuickCam Third-Party Drivers
http://www.crynwr.com/qcpc/re.html Some Reverse Engineering
http://cse.unl.edu/~cluening/gqcam/ v4l client
http://phobos.illtel.denver.co.us/pub/qcread/ doesn't use v4l
ftp://ftp.cs.unm.edu/pub/chris/quickcam/ Has lots of drivers
http://www.cs.duke.edu/~reynolds/quickcam/ Has lots of information
