diff options
author | Jonathan Herman <hermanjl@cs.unc.edu> | 2013-01-17 16:15:55 -0500 |
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committer | Jonathan Herman <hermanjl@cs.unc.edu> | 2013-01-17 16:15:55 -0500 |
commit | 8dea78da5cee153b8af9c07a2745f6c55057fe12 (patch) | |
tree | a8f4d49d63b1ecc92f2fddceba0655b2472c5bd9 /Documentation/nfc | |
parent | 406089d01562f1e2bf9f089fd7637009ebaad589 (diff) |
Patched in Tegra support.
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/nfc')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/nfc/nfc-hci.txt | 213 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 213 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/nfc/nfc-hci.txt b/Documentation/nfc/nfc-hci.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 89a339c9b07..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/nfc/nfc-hci.txt +++ /dev/null | |||
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1 | HCI backend for NFC Core | ||
2 | |||
3 | Author: Eric Lapuyade, Samuel Ortiz | ||
4 | Contact: eric.lapuyade@intel.com, samuel.ortiz@intel.com | ||
5 | |||
6 | General | ||
7 | ------- | ||
8 | |||
9 | The HCI layer implements much of the ETSI TS 102 622 V10.2.0 specification. It | ||
10 | enables easy writing of HCI-based NFC drivers. The HCI layer runs as an NFC Core | ||
11 | backend, implementing an abstract nfc device and translating NFC Core API | ||
12 | to HCI commands and events. | ||
13 | |||
14 | HCI | ||
15 | --- | ||
16 | |||
17 | HCI registers as an nfc device with NFC Core. Requests coming from userspace are | ||
18 | routed through netlink sockets to NFC Core and then to HCI. From this point, | ||
19 | they are translated in a sequence of HCI commands sent to the HCI layer in the | ||
20 | host controller (the chip). The sending context blocks while waiting for the | ||
21 | response to arrive. | ||
22 | HCI events can also be received from the host controller. They will be handled | ||
23 | and a translation will be forwarded to NFC Core as needed. | ||
24 | HCI uses 2 execution contexts: | ||
25 | - one for executing commands : nfc_hci_msg_tx_work(). Only one command | ||
26 | can be executing at any given moment. | ||
27 | - one for dispatching received events and commands : nfc_hci_msg_rx_work(). | ||
28 | |||
29 | HCI Session initialization: | ||
30 | --------------------------- | ||
31 | |||
32 | The Session initialization is an HCI standard which must unfortunately | ||
33 | support proprietary gates. This is the reason why the driver will pass a list | ||
34 | of proprietary gates that must be part of the session. HCI will ensure all | ||
35 | those gates have pipes connected when the hci device is set up. | ||
36 | |||
37 | HCI Gates and Pipes | ||
38 | ------------------- | ||
39 | |||
40 | A gate defines the 'port' where some service can be found. In order to access | ||
41 | a service, one must create a pipe to that gate and open it. In this | ||
42 | implementation, pipes are totally hidden. The public API only knows gates. | ||
43 | This is consistent with the driver need to send commands to proprietary gates | ||
44 | without knowing the pipe connected to it. | ||
45 | |||
46 | Driver interface | ||
47 | ---------------- | ||
48 | |||
49 | A driver would normally register itself with HCI and provide the following | ||
50 | entry points: | ||
51 | |||
52 | struct nfc_hci_ops { | ||
53 | int (*open)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev); | ||
54 | void (*close)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev); | ||
55 | int (*hci_ready) (struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev); | ||
56 | int (*xmit)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, struct sk_buff *skb); | ||
57 | int (*start_poll)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, u32 protocols); | ||
58 | int (*target_from_gate)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, u8 gate, | ||
59 | struct nfc_target *target); | ||
60 | int (*complete_target_discovered) (struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, u8 gate, | ||
61 | struct nfc_target *target); | ||
62 | int (*data_exchange) (struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, | ||
63 | struct nfc_target *target, | ||
64 | struct sk_buff *skb, struct sk_buff **res_skb); | ||
65 | int (*check_presence)(struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, | ||
66 | struct nfc_target *target); | ||
67 | }; | ||
68 | |||
69 | - open() and close() shall turn the hardware on and off. | ||
70 | - hci_ready() is an optional entry point that is called right after the hci | ||
71 | session has been set up. The driver can use it to do additional initialization | ||
72 | that must be performed using HCI commands. | ||
73 | - xmit() shall simply write a frame to the chip. | ||
74 | - start_poll() is an optional entrypoint that shall set the hardware in polling | ||
75 | mode. This must be implemented only if the hardware uses proprietary gates or a | ||
76 | mechanism slightly different from the HCI standard. | ||
77 | - target_from_gate() is an optional entrypoint to return the nfc protocols | ||
78 | corresponding to a proprietary gate. | ||
79 | - complete_target_discovered() is an optional entry point to let the driver | ||
80 | perform additional proprietary processing necessary to auto activate the | ||
81 | discovered target. | ||
82 | - data_exchange() must be implemented by the driver if proprietary HCI commands | ||
83 | are required to send data to the tag. Some tag types will require custom | ||
84 | commands, others can be written to using the standard HCI commands. The driver | ||
85 | can check the tag type and either do proprietary processing, or return 1 to ask | ||
86 | for standard processing. | ||
87 | - check_presence() is an optional entry point that will be called regularly | ||
88 | by the core to check that an activated tag is still in the field. If this is | ||
89 | not implemented, the core will not be able to push tag_lost events to the user | ||
90 | space | ||
91 | |||
92 | On the rx path, the driver is responsible to push incoming HCP frames to HCI | ||
93 | using nfc_hci_recv_frame(). HCI will take care of re-aggregation and handling | ||
94 | This must be done from a context that can sleep. | ||
95 | |||
96 | SHDLC | ||
97 | ----- | ||
98 | |||
99 | Most chips use shdlc to ensure integrity and delivery ordering of the HCP | ||
100 | frames between the host controller (the chip) and hosts (entities connected | ||
101 | to the chip, like the cpu). In order to simplify writing the driver, an shdlc | ||
102 | layer is available for use by the driver. | ||
103 | When used, the driver actually registers with shdlc, and shdlc will register | ||
104 | with HCI. HCI sees shdlc as the driver and thus send its HCP frames | ||
105 | through shdlc->xmit. | ||
106 | SHDLC adds a new execution context (nfc_shdlc_sm_work()) to run its state | ||
107 | machine and handle both its rx and tx path. | ||
108 | |||
109 | Included Drivers | ||
110 | ---------------- | ||
111 | |||
112 | An HCI based driver for an NXP PN544, connected through I2C bus, and using | ||
113 | shdlc is included. | ||
114 | |||
115 | Execution Contexts | ||
116 | ------------------ | ||
117 | |||
118 | The execution contexts are the following: | ||
119 | - IRQ handler (IRQH): | ||
120 | fast, cannot sleep. stores incoming frames into an shdlc rx queue | ||
121 | |||
122 | - SHDLC State Machine worker (SMW) | ||
123 | handles shdlc rx & tx queues. Dispatches HCI cmd responses. | ||
124 | |||
125 | - HCI Tx Cmd worker (MSGTXWQ) | ||
126 | Serializes execution of HCI commands. Completes execution in case of response | ||
127 | timeout. | ||
128 | |||
129 | - HCI Rx worker (MSGRXWQ) | ||
130 | Dispatches incoming HCI commands or events. | ||
131 | |||
132 | - Syscall context from a userspace call (SYSCALL) | ||
133 | Any entrypoint in HCI called from NFC Core | ||
134 | |||
135 | Workflow executing an HCI command (using shdlc) | ||
136 | ----------------------------------------------- | ||
137 | |||
138 | Executing an HCI command can easily be performed synchronously using the | ||
139 | following API: | ||
140 | |||
141 | int nfc_hci_send_cmd (struct nfc_hci_dev *hdev, u8 gate, u8 cmd, | ||
142 | const u8 *param, size_t param_len, struct sk_buff **skb) | ||
143 | |||
144 | The API must be invoked from a context that can sleep. Most of the time, this | ||
145 | will be the syscall context. skb will return the result that was received in | ||
146 | the response. | ||
147 | |||
148 | Internally, execution is asynchronous. So all this API does is to enqueue the | ||
149 | HCI command, setup a local wait queue on stack, and wait_event() for completion. | ||
150 | The wait is not interruptible because it is guaranteed that the command will | ||
151 | complete after some short timeout anyway. | ||
152 | |||
153 | MSGTXWQ context will then be scheduled and invoke nfc_hci_msg_tx_work(). | ||
154 | This function will dequeue the next pending command and send its HCP fragments | ||
155 | to the lower layer which happens to be shdlc. It will then start a timer to be | ||
156 | able to complete the command with a timeout error if no response arrive. | ||
157 | |||
158 | SMW context gets scheduled and invokes nfc_shdlc_sm_work(). This function | ||
159 | handles shdlc framing in and out. It uses the driver xmit to send frames and | ||
160 | receives incoming frames in an skb queue filled from the driver IRQ handler. | ||
161 | SHDLC I(nformation) frames payload are HCP fragments. They are aggregated to | ||
162 | form complete HCI frames, which can be a response, command, or event. | ||
163 | |||
164 | HCI Responses are dispatched immediately from this context to unblock | ||
165 | waiting command execution. Response processing involves invoking the completion | ||
166 | callback that was provided by nfc_hci_msg_tx_work() when it sent the command. | ||
167 | The completion callback will then wake the syscall context. | ||
168 | |||
169 | Workflow receiving an HCI event or command | ||
170 | ------------------------------------------ | ||
171 | |||
172 | HCI commands or events are not dispatched from SMW context. Instead, they are | ||
173 | queued to HCI rx_queue and will be dispatched from HCI rx worker | ||
174 | context (MSGRXWQ). This is done this way to allow a cmd or event handler | ||
175 | to also execute other commands (for example, handling the | ||
176 | NFC_HCI_EVT_TARGET_DISCOVERED event from PN544 requires to issue an | ||
177 | ANY_GET_PARAMETER to the reader A gate to get information on the target | ||
178 | that was discovered). | ||
179 | |||
180 | Typically, such an event will be propagated to NFC Core from MSGRXWQ context. | ||
181 | |||
182 | Error management | ||
183 | ---------------- | ||
184 | |||
185 | Errors that occur synchronously with the execution of an NFC Core request are | ||
186 | simply returned as the execution result of the request. These are easy. | ||
187 | |||
188 | Errors that occur asynchronously (e.g. in a background protocol handling thread) | ||
189 | must be reported such that upper layers don't stay ignorant that something | ||
190 | went wrong below and know that expected events will probably never happen. | ||
191 | Handling of these errors is done as follows: | ||
192 | |||
193 | - driver (pn544) fails to deliver an incoming frame: it stores the error such | ||
194 | that any subsequent call to the driver will result in this error. Then it calls | ||
195 | the standard nfc_shdlc_recv_frame() with a NULL argument to report the problem | ||
196 | above. shdlc stores a EREMOTEIO sticky status, which will trigger SMW to | ||
197 | report above in turn. | ||
198 | |||
199 | - SMW is basically a background thread to handle incoming and outgoing shdlc | ||
200 | frames. This thread will also check the shdlc sticky status and report to HCI | ||
201 | when it discovers it is not able to run anymore because of an unrecoverable | ||
202 | error that happened within shdlc or below. If the problem occurs during shdlc | ||
203 | connection, the error is reported through the connect completion. | ||
204 | |||
205 | - HCI: if an internal HCI error happens (frame is lost), or HCI is reported an | ||
206 | error from a lower layer, HCI will either complete the currently executing | ||
207 | command with that error, or notify NFC Core directly if no command is executing. | ||
208 | |||
209 | - NFC Core: when NFC Core is notified of an error from below and polling is | ||
210 | active, it will send a tag discovered event with an empty tag list to the user | ||
211 | space to let it know that the poll operation will never be able to detect a tag. | ||
212 | If polling is not active and the error was sticky, lower levels will return it | ||
213 | at next invocation. | ||