379 files changed, 379 insertions, 5650 deletions
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index a5cc9a874062..5be5b9b931bf 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for driver control interface
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/threads.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/control_compat.c b/sound/core/control_compat.c
index 507fd5210c1c..d55be1db1a8a 100644
--- a/sound/core/control_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/control_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * compat ioctls for control API
 *
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /* this file included from control.c */
diff --git a/sound/core/device.c b/sound/core/device.c
index 535102d564e3..708b91944de3 100644
--- a/sound/core/device.c
+++ b/sound/core/device.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Device management routines
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/hrtimer.c b/sound/core/hrtimer.c
index 18cb6f476bf4..c61ba52a530a 100644
--- a/sound/core/hrtimer.c
+++ b/sound/core/hrtimer.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * ALSA timer back-end using hrtimer
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Takashi Iwai
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/hwdep.c b/sound/core/hwdep.c
index 26e71cf05f1e..00cb5aed10a9 100644
--- a/sound/core/hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/core/hwdep.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Hardware dependent layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/major.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/hwdep_compat.c b/sound/core/hwdep_compat.c
index 3827c0ceec8f..bc81db9cb3d4 100644
--- a/sound/core/hwdep_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/hwdep_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   32bit -> 64bit ioctl wrapper for hwdep API
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* This file is included from hwdep.c */
diff --git a/sound/core/info.c b/sound/core/info.c
index 0eb169acc850..e051a029ccfb 100644
--- a/sound/core/info.c
+++ b/sound/core/info.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Information interface for ALSA driver
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/info_oss.c b/sound/core/info_oss.c
index f479374b6bd8..83900485dd8c 100644
--- a/sound/core/info_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/info_oss.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Information interface for ALSA driver
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/init.c b/sound/core/init.c
index d64416f0a281..db99b7fad6ad 100644
--- a/sound/core/init.c
+++ b/sound/core/init.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Initialization routines
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/isadma.c b/sound/core/isadma.c
index 7a8515abb5f9..c3d789ef6975 100644
--- a/sound/core/isadma.c
+++ b/sound/core/isadma.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ISA DMA support functions
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/core/jack.c b/sound/core/jack.c
index 84c2a17c56ee..fb26196571a7 100644
--- a/sound/core/jack.c
+++ b/sound/core/jack.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Jack abstraction layer
 *
 *  Copyright 2008 Wolfson Microelectronics
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/input.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/memalloc.c b/sound/core/memalloc.c
index 9f48e1d3a257..6850d13aa98c 100644
--- a/sound/core/memalloc.c
+++ b/sound/core/memalloc.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 * 
 *  Generic memory allocators
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/memory.c b/sound/core/memory.c
index 19c9ea90d9bf..5d894dc32f7d 100644
--- a/sound/core/memory.c
+++ b/sound/core/memory.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 * 
 *  Misc memory accessors
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/misc.c b/sound/core/misc.c
index 0f818d593c9e..3579dd7a161f 100644
--- a/sound/core/misc.c
+++ b/sound/core/misc.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Misc and compatibility things
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
index c8618678649c..7eb54df5556d 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/mixer_oss.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  OSS emulation layer for the mixer interface
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
index f6ae68017608..f57c610d7523 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_oss.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer / OSS compatible
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #if 0
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
index c9cd29d86efd..8d2f7a4e3ab6 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
+++ b/sound/core/oss/pcm_plugin.h
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __PCM_PLUGIN_H
 #define __PCM_PLUGIN_H
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (Plugin interface) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS_PLUGINS
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index 998e477522fd..9a72d641743d 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_compat.c b/sound/core/pcm_compat.c
index 946ab080ac00..6f9003b1869a 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   32bit -> 64bit ioctl wrapper for PCM API
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* This file included from pcm_native.c */
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
index 345ab1ab2cac..d80041ea4e01 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_memory.c b/sound/core/pcm_memory.c
index ed73be80bd29..7600dcdf5fd4 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_memory.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_memory.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
index 1d8452912b14..860543a4c840 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_native.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_timer.c b/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
index 11389f13de73..7928bda235c1 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_timer.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi.c b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
index 4666bb366c0c..8a12a7538d63 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Abstract layer for MIDI v1.0 stream
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi_compat.c b/sound/core/rawmidi_compat.c
index e30e30ba6e39..66eee61674b6 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   32bit -> 64bit ioctl wrapper for raw MIDI API
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* This file included from rawmidi.c */
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
index e1f44fc86885..17f913657304 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * registration of device and proc
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
index 77eb1fe1155c..6c2c4fb9b753 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_device.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_DEVICE_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.c
index 86ca584c27b2..7b7c925dd3aa 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_device.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.h
index 9a4d9adb7b8c..b4f723949a17 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_event.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * seq_oss_event.h - OSS event queue record
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_EVENT_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
index 92c96a95a903..6dc94efc19c9 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * open/close and reset interface
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998-1999 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_device.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
index 5b8520177b0e..96ad01fb668c 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * OSS compatible i/o control
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_device.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.c
index 0d5f8b16d057..a88c235b2ea3 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * MIDI device handlers
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/asoundef.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.h
index 84eb866ba58e..bcc1683773df 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_midi.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * midi device information
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_MIDI_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.c
index 06b21226b4e7..f0db5d3dcba4 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * seq_oss_readq.c - MIDI input queue
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_readq.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.h
index 8d033ca2d23f..38d0c4682b29 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_readq.h
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 * read fifo queue
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_READQ_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
index eb1ef12181f3..79ef430e56e1 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * read/write/select interface to device file
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_device.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.c
index c93945917235..11554d0412f0 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * synth device handlers
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_synth.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.h
index a63f9e22974d..ffc40d8a7ef1 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_synth.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * synth device information
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_SYNTH_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.c
index 0778d28421da..a35d429e4c27 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * Timer control routines
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_timer.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.h
index b995bd68ad1f..2d86125b5d0f 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_timer.h
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 * timer handling routines
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_TIMER_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.c
index b2f69617591f..0a02a59103b4 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 *
 * seq_oss_writeq.c - write queue and sync
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "seq_oss_writeq.h"
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.h b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.h
index c469d2967566..490d27a7b29d 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_writeq.h
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * OSS compatible sequencer driver
 * write priority queue
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SEQ_OSS_WRITEQ_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq.c b/sound/core/seq/seq.c
index 7de98d71f2aa..00f7342ee839 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer main module
 *  Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
index b3f593ee752e..a60e7a17f0b8 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer Client Manager
 *  Copyright (c) 1998-2001 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *                             Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                             Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.h
index 28a51dcc0190..8cdd0ee53fb1 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Client Manager
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_CLIENTMGR_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_CLIENTMGR_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_compat.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_compat.c
index 8c3507216676..54723566ce24 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   32bit -> 64bit ioctl wrapper for sequencer API
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* This file included from seq.c */
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
index d3a2ec4f0561..cd5a4cad8881 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_dummy.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * ALSA sequencer MIDI-through client
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.c
index 97ee89cb6426..ea69261f269a 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer FIFO
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.h
index 062c446e7867..edc68743943d 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_fifo.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer FIFO
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_FIFO_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_FIFO_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_info.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_info.c
index b27fedd435b6..3e9fce7bead8 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_info.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_info.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer /proc interface
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_info.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_info.h
index 2cdf8f6e63f5..576cf0522163 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_info.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_info.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer /proc info
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_INFO_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_INFO_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_lock.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_lock.c
index cda64b489e42..48b4ffb4b76e 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_lock.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_lock.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Do sleep inside a spin-lock
 *  Copyright (c) 1999 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.c
index 19b718e871c5..65db1a7c77b7 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer Memory Manager
 *  Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *                        Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.h
index 1292fe91f02e..7d7ff80f915e 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_memory.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer Memory Manager
 *  Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_MEMORYMGR_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_MEMORYMGR_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
index 9e0dabd3ce5f..6825940ea2cf 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Generic MIDI synth driver for ALSA sequencer
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *                         Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 
 /* 
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_emul.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_emul.c
index c1975dd31871..770d3f4eee7c 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_emul.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_emul.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  GM/GS/XG midi module.
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *
 *  Based on awe_wave.c by Takashi Iwai
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
 * This module is used to keep track of the current midi state.
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_event.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_event.c
index b11419537062..ae0308d4ace3 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_event.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_midi_event.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  MIDI byte <-> sequencer event coder
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1998,99 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>,
 *                        Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.c
index ac7556ab531c..83be6b982a87 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Ports
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *                         Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.h
index 06003b36652e..b1f2c4943174 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_ports.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Ports 
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_PORTS_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_PORTS_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
index 2bc6759e4adc..1d857981e876 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Priority Queue
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.h
index 2c315ca10fc4..5811a87deb8a 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_prioq.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Priority Queue
 *   Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_PRIOQ_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_PRIOQ_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.c
index 3b3ac96f1f5f..caf68bf42f13 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Timing queue handling
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * MAJOR CHANGES
 *   Nov. 13, 1999      Takashi Iwai <iwai@ww.uni-erlangen.de>
 *     - Queues are allocated dynamically via ioctl.
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.h
index e006fc8e3a36..9254c8dbe5e3 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_queue.h
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Queue handling
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_QUEUE_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_QUEUE_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_system.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_system.c
index 0dc5d5a45ecc..32c2d9b57751 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_system.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_system.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer System services Client
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_system.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_system.h
index cf2cfa23430e..4fe88ad40346 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_system.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_system.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer System Client
 *  Copyright (c) 1998 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_SYSTEM_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_SYSTEM_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.c
index f587d0e27476..161f3170bd7e 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA sequencer Timer
 *   Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
 *                              Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.h b/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.h
index 62f390671096..66c3e344eae3 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.h
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_timer.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer Timer
 *  Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Frank van de Pol <fvdpol@coil.demon.nl>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __SND_SEQ_TIMER_H
 #define __SND_SEQ_TIMER_H
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_virmidi.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_virmidi.c
index e5a40795914a..626d87c1539b 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_virmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_virmidi.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Virtual Raw MIDI client on Sequencer
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>,
 *                        Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/core/seq_device.c b/sound/core/seq_device.c
index e40a2cba5002..e9dbad93f9d0 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq_device.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq_device.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ALSA sequencer device management
 *  Copyright (c) 1999 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * This device handler separates the card driver module from sequencer
@@ -33,7 +19,6 @@
 * lowlevel codes to access emu8000 chip on sbawe card are included in
 * emu8000-synth module.  To activate this module, the hardware
 * resources like i/o port are passed via snd_seq_device argument.
- *
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/sgbuf.c b/sound/core/sgbuf.c
index c1cfaa01a5cb..feefdfc3bcca 100644
--- a/sound/core/sgbuf.c
+++ b/sound/core/sgbuf.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Scatter-Gather buffer
 *
 *  Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/sound.c b/sound/core/sound.c
index a9ad4379523b..b75f78f2c4b8 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/sound_oss.c b/sound/core/sound_oss.c
index 0a5c66229a22..610f317bea9d 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound_oss.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound_oss.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/timer.c b/sound/core/timer.c
index e3973957b392..5c9fbf3f4340 100644
--- a/sound/core/timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/timer.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Timers abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/timer_compat.c b/sound/core/timer_compat.c
index e00f7e399e46..bb6be484dfd3 100644
--- a/sound/core/timer_compat.c
+++ b/sound/core/timer_compat.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   32bit -> 64bit ioctl wrapper for timer API
 *   Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* This file included from timer.c */
diff --git a/sound/drivers/aloop.c b/sound/drivers/aloop.c
index c14e57b2a135..9ccdad89c288 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/aloop.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/aloop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Loopback soundcard
 *
@@ -12,21 +13,6 @@
 *
 *  A next major update in 2010 (separate timers for playback and capture):
 *  Copyright (c) Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/dummy.c b/sound/drivers/dummy.c
index 2672c2e13334..aee7c04d49e5 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/dummy.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/dummy.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Dummy soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c b/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
index 18fd12996cf7..a3c1c064d1b5 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * ALSA driver for Xilinx ML403 AC97 Controller Reference
 *   IP: opb_ac97_controller_ref_v1_00_a (EDK 8.1i)
 *   IP: opb_ac97_controller_ref_v1_00_a (EDK 9.1i)
 *
 *  Copyright (c) by 2007  Joachim Foerster <JOFT@gmx.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* Some notes / status of this driver:
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
index b6715764cd1c..8c552e25805a 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for generic MPU-401 boards (UART mode only)
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 by Castet Matthieu <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401_uart.c b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401_uart.c
index dae26e856b26..65982d6babfc 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401_uart.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401_uart.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of MPU-401 in UART mode
@@ -6,26 +7,10 @@
 *  interrupts thus output is done via polling. Without interrupt,
 *  input is done also via polling. Do not expect good performance.
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 *   13-03-2003:
 *      Added support for different kind of hardware I/O. Build in choices
 *      are port and mmio. For other kind of I/O, set mpu->read and
 *      mpu->write to your own I/O functions.
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mtpav.c b/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
index 547662e02fcc..ce5fd17bd720 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *      MOTU Midi Timepiece ALSA Main routines
 *      Copyright by Michael T. Mayers (c) Jan 09, 2000
 *      mail: michael@tweakoz.com
 *      Thanks to John Galbraith
 *
- *      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *      (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *      GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *      Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 *      This driver is for the 'Mark Of The Unicorn' (MOTU)
 *      MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI interface 
 *
@@ -39,7 +25,6 @@
 *      MIDI Synchronization to Video, ADAT, SMPTE and other Clock sources
 *      128 'scene' memories, recallable from MIDI program change
 *
- *
 * ChangeLog
 * Jun 11 2001  Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *      - Recoded & debugged
@@ -47,7 +32,6 @@
 *      - hwports is between 1 and 8, which specifies the number of hardware ports.
 *        The three global ports, computer, adat and broadcast ports, are created
 *        always after h/w and remote ports.
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_drums.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_drums.c
index 14929822956c..cc7fb35e521b 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_drums.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_drums.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *
 *   OPL2/OPL3/OPL4 FM routines for internal percussion channels
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include "opl3_voice.h"
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_lib.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_lib.c
index cf86c36c7c3b..cbdec28e89af 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_lib.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
 *                   Hannu Savolainen 1993-1996,
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *  Routines for control of AdLib FM cards (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4 chips)
 *
 *  Most if code is ported from OSS/Lite.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/opl3.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_midi.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_midi.c
index a33cb744e96c..280cc79870cf 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_midi.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_midi.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *
 *  Midi synth routines for OPL2/OPL3/OPL4 FM
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #undef DEBUG_ALLOC
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_oss.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_oss.c
index 869220ced4ed..d0cf2fb02cce 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_oss.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_oss.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Interface for OSS sequencer emulation
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_seq.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_seq.c
index 5f881c4cdf1f..20f2f5125394 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_seq.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_seq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *  OPL2/3 FM instrument loader:
 *   alsa-tools/seq/sbiload/
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include "opl3_voice.h"
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_synth.c b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_synth.c
index d522925fc5c0..e69a4ef0d6bd 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_synth.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_synth.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *                   
 *  Routines for OPL2/OPL3/OPL4 control
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_voice.h b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_voice.h
index 4e4ecc21760b..dc0626a2dd61 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_voice.h
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl3/opl3_voice.h
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __OPL3_VOICE_H
 #define __OPL3_VOICE_H
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 2000 Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/opl3.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_lib.c b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_lib.c
index 819d2dce2a19..901d339703a9 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_lib.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_lib.c
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Functions for accessing OPL4 devices
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "opl4_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_mixer.c b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_mixer.c
index 04079de4c35f..7d4b3cc0fb6c 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_mixer.c
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * OPL4 mixer functions
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "opl4_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_proc.c b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_proc.c
index f1b839a0e7b7..e0516e532969 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_proc.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/opl4/opl4_proc.c
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Functions for the OPL4 proc file
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "opl4_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c b/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
index 0a67b8b9f176..4775f1b7b444 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   serial.c
 *   Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
@@ -7,20 +8,6 @@
 *
 *   This code is based on the code from ALSA 0.5.9, but heavily rewritten.
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * Sat Mar 31 17:27:57 PST 2001 tim.mann@compaq.com 
 *      Added support for the Midiator MS-124T and for the MS-124W in
 *      Single Addressed (S/A) or Multiple Burst (M/B) mode, with
diff --git a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
index 33ef13a72e69..f1fb68b15498 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Dummy soundcard for virtual rawmidi devices
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c
index 23f4857f02c8..77ae59aef4e0 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * DSP commands
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h
index a85248ba3cc5..c2a520274493 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * Definitions of DSP commands
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __VX_CMD_H
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
index 543945643a76..6bbc2a4f85c1 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * Hardware core part
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c
index 3014b86362bd..f0d31b0a178e 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * DSP firmware management
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
index 98a41ac40b60..b17c67b14d59 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * Common mixer part
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c
index ba80f459bdc5..4705c50fbf4f 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002,2003 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 * STRATEGY
 *  for playback, we send series of "chunks", which size is equal with the
 *  IBL size, typically 126 samples.  at each end of chunk, the end-of-buffer
@@ -39,7 +25,6 @@
 *  the current point of read buffer is kept in pipe->hw_ptr.  note that
 *  this is in bytes.
 *
- *
 * TODO
 *  - linked trigger for full-duplex mode.
 *  - scheduled action on the stream.
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c
index ef0b40c0a594..884c40be19dc 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
 *
 * IEC958 stuff
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/cs8427.c b/sound/i2c/cs8427.c
index 8afa2f888466..bac4f0036cd6 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/cs8427.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/cs8427.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for control of the CS8427 via i2c bus
 *  IEC958 (S/PDIF) receiver & transmitter by Cirrus Logic
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/i2c.c b/sound/i2c/i2c.c
index c4a232f18a79..37b3c6940cac 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/i2c.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/i2c.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Generic i2c interface for ALSA
 *
 *   (c) 1998 Gerd Knorr <kraxel@cs.tu-berlin.de>
 *   Modified for the ALSA driver by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/ak4113.c b/sound/i2c/other/ak4113.c
index 573599d0378d..775f9a354a86 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/ak4113.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/ak4113.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for control of the AK4113 via I2C/4-wire serial interface
 *  IEC958 (S/PDIF) receiver by Asahi Kasei
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Copyright (c) by Pavel Hofman <pavel.hofman@ivitera.com>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/ak4114.c b/sound/i2c/other/ak4114.c
index 76afb975782d..6611c7debf23 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/ak4114.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/ak4114.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for control of the AK4114 via I2C and 4-wire serial interface
 *  IEC958 (S/PDIF) receiver by Asahi Kasei
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/ak4117.c b/sound/i2c/other/ak4117.c
index b923342cadf4..381949c8f15f 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/ak4117.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/ak4117.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for control of the AK4117 via 4-wire serial interface
 *  IEC958 (S/PDIF) receiver by Asahi Kasei
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c b/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
index 62a6c5fa96b5..5f59316f982a 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for AK4524 / AK4528 / AK4529 / AK4355 / AK4358 / AK4381
 *   AD and DA converters
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000-2004 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
 *                              Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/pt2258.c b/sound/i2c/other/pt2258.c
index 9fa390ba1718..c913f223892a 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/pt2258.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/pt2258.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA Driver for the PT2258 volume controller.
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2006  Jochen Voss <voss@seehuhn.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/i2c/tea6330t.c b/sound/i2c/tea6330t.c
index 239c4822427f..93ca8bb71f54 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/tea6330t.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/tea6330t.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for control of the TEA6330T circuit via i2c bus
 *  Sound fader control circuit for car radios by Philips Semiconductors
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
index 4be6c1245820..ce4c8ba2fa98 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
@@ -1,21 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
    card-ad1816a.c - driver for ADI SoundPort AD1816A based soundcards.
    Copyright (C) 2000 by Massimo Piccioni <dafastidio@libero.it>
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
index 94b381a78e9e..c4c60ebe2417 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
@@ -1,20 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
    ad1816a.c - lowlevel code for Analog Devices AD1816A chip.
    Copyright (C) 1999-2000 by Massimo Piccioni <dafastidio@libero.it>
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
index 7c8e92f62f3b..593c6e959afe 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Generic driver for AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 chips (0.1 Alpha)
 *  Copyright (c) by Tugrul Galatali <galatalt@stuy.edu>,
 *                   Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Based on card-4232.c by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/als100.c b/sound/isa/als100.c
index 571108021e9d..1085f5b01318 100644
--- a/sound/isa/als100.c
+++ b/sound/isa/als100.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
    card-als100.c - driver for Avance Logic ALS100 based soundcards.
@@ -9,19 +10,6 @@
    Generalised for soundcards based on DT-0196 and ALS-007 chips
    by Jonathan Woithe <jwoithe@just42.net>: June 2002.
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/azt2320.c b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
index 4e6fad4f94d9..4ed52094fc8d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/azt2320.c
+++ b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
@@ -1,20 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
    card-azt2320.c - driver for Aztech Systems AZT2320 based soundcards.
    Copyright (C) 1999-2000 by Massimo Piccioni <dafastidio@libero.it>
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
index 1868b73aa49c..bb7d4940ac25 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for C-Media's CMI8330 and CMI8329 soundcards.
 *  Copyright (c) by George Talusan <gstalusan@uwaterloo.ca>
 *    http://www.undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca/~gstalusa
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
index d90ab9558f7f..2135963eba78 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Generic driver for CS4231 chips
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Originally the CS4232/CS4232A driver, modified for use on CS4231 by
 *  Tugrul Galatali <galatalt@stuy.edu>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
index 70559e59d18f..78dd213589b4 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for generic CS4232/CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 chips
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
index 2012936f6756..be48c60355d0 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of CS4235/4236B/4237B/4238B/4239 chips
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *
 *  Bugs:
 *     -----
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
index 87527627e059..9be89377171b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for generic ESS AudioDrive ESx688 soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
index 1d9556c045e9..a28dabaae0d3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of ESS ES1688/688/488 chip
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/es18xx.c b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
index 07abc7f7840c..01ad15086c4a 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es18xx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for generic ESS AudioDrive ES18xx soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Christian Fischbach <fishbach@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
 *  Copyright (c) by Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* GENERAL NOTES:
 *
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_dma.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_dma.c
index 7f95f452f106..a1c770d826dd 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_dma.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_dma.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for GF1 DMA control
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <asm/dma.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_dram.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_dram.c
index fd2e2e2ed4e7..5cebc0119d0a 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_dram.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_dram.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  DRAM access routines
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_io.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_io.c
index 2fd32ef22c30..0ab550bc80f2 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_io.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_io.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  I/O routines for GF1/InterWave synthesizer chips
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_irq.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_irq.c
index 0ca6c38e2ed9..226b8438aa70 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_irq.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_irq.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routine for IRQ handling from GF1/InterWave chip
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_main.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_main.c
index 33c8b66d5c8a..af6b4d89d695 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_main.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_main.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for Gravis UltraSound soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem.c
index d708ae1525e4..cb02d18dde60 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  GUS's memory allocation routines / bottom layer
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem_proc.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem_proc.c
index 2ccb3fadd7be..54510e2d78c2 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem_proc.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mem_proc.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  GUS's memory access via proc filesystem
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mixer.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mixer.c
index 3b5d9a7a63eb..94e0c75ee417 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_mixer.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of ICS 2101 chip and "mixer" in GF1 chip
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_pcm.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_pcm.c
index b9efc6dff45d..6385b61aa094 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_pcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of GF1 chip (PCM things)
@@ -7,22 +8,6 @@
 *  
 *  This code emulates autoinit DMA transfer for playback, recording by GF1
 *  chip doesn't support autoinit DMA.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <asm/dma.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_reset.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_reset.c
index 59b3f683d49b..07bfcda43827 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_reset.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_reset.c
@@ -1,21 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_tables.h b/sound/isa/gus/gus_tables.h
index 42a4ca0d622b..ea0f007fa200 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_tables.h
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_tables.h
@@ -1,21 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define SNDRV_GF1_SCALE_TABLE_SIZE      128
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_timer.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_timer.c
index c53727147a1a..4e9664e434fe 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_timer.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_timer.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Routines for Gravis UltraSound soundcards - Timers
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
 *  GUS have similar timers as AdLib (OPL2/OPL3 chips).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_uart.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_uart.c
index ac5f5687d1a3..7586619770b3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_uart.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_uart.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for the GF1 MIDI interface - like UART 6850
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gus_volume.c b/sound/isa/gus/gus_volume.c
index 3dd841ae708a..39a2e5bd6c0a 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gus_volume.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gus_volume.c
@@ -1,21 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
index 92a997ab1229..f7e869771d16 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Gravis UltraSound Classic soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
index beb52c0f70ea..8cf366bbdd8d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Gravis UltraSound Extreme soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
index 63309a453140..53eca205f870 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Gravis UltraSound MAX soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
index a6fc26bf0af2..bc006dcf8de3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for AMD InterWave soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 *   1999/07/22         Erik Inge Bolso <knan@mo.himolde.no>
 *                      * mixer group handlers
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_midi.c b/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_midi.c
index 42876b0cb68b..7c61caaf99ad 100644
--- a/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_midi.c
+++ b/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_midi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Copyright (c) 2009 by Krzysztof Helt
@@ -6,22 +7,6 @@
 *  MPU-401 supports UART mode which is not capable generate transmit
 *  interrupts thus output is done via polling. Also, if irq < 0, then
 *  input is done also via polling. Do not expect good performance.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
index 7cce4cd4a23b..941d0bd5460b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Yamaha OPL3-SA[2,3] soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
index 997cdfd7b1ea..0458934de1c7 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA soundcard driver for Miro miroSOUND PCM1 pro
 *                                  miroSOUND PCM12
@@ -6,20 +7,6 @@
 *   Copyright (C) 2004-2005 Martin Langer <martin-langer@gmx.de>
 *
 *   Based on OSS ACI and ALSA OPTi9xx drivers
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
index 47e0b2820ace..fb36bb5d55df 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
    card-opti92x-ad1848.c - driver for OPTi 82c92x based soundcards.
    Copyright (C) 1998-2000 by Massimo Piccioni <dafastidio@libero.it>
@@ -7,19 +8,6 @@
    Thanks to Maria Grazia Pollarini, Salvatore Vassallo.
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000.c
index d56973b770c7..433e32e254f9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *     and (c) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe <steve@parabola.demon.co.uk>
 *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Routines for control of EMU8000 chip
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/wait.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_callback.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_callback.c
index 5a485504f607..7609a5b640cb 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_callback.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_callback.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  synth callback routines for the emu8000 (AWE32/64)
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emu8000_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_local.h b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_local.h
index 7e87c349272f..f90526ab1a3e 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_local.h
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_local.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __EMU8000_LOCAL_H
 #define __EMU8000_LOCAL_H
 /*
@@ -5,20 +6,6 @@
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/wait.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_patch.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_patch.c
index 3d44c358c4b3..0cb94cafb4c9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_patch.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_patch.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Patch routines for the emu8000 (AWE32/64)
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emu8000_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_pcm.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_pcm.c
index f46f6ec3ea0c..83b7ff5e9880 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_pcm.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * pcm emulation on emu8000 wavetable
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2002 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emu8000_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
index 4aa719cad331..0edfb6875278 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *     and (c) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe <steve@parabola.demon.co.uk>
 *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Emu8000 synth plug-in routine
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emu8000_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
index 3844d4c02f49..b528238675fe 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for SoundBlaster 16/AWE32/AWE64 soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <asm/dma.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_csp.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_csp.c
index a09ad57b8313..4ad0ff0c4508 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_csp.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_csp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 1999 by Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *                        Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *
 *  CSP microcode loader:
 *   alsa-tools/sb16_csp/ 
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
index 473ec74ae48c..0768bbf8fd71 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of 16-bit SoundBlaster cards and clones
@@ -15,22 +16,6 @@
 *        16bit DMA transfers from DSP chip (capture) until 8bit transfer
 *        to DSP chip (playback) starts. This bug can be avoided with
 *        "16bit DMA Allocation" setting set to Playback or Capture.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
index dc27a480c2d9..d67eae3988bd 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for SoundBlaster 1.0/2.0/Pro soundcards and compatible
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8_main.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8_main.c
index 97645a732a71..8221b85bb330 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8_main.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *  Routines for control of 8-bit SoundBlaster cards and clones
 *  Please note: I don't have access to old SB8 soundcards.
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * --
 *
 * Thu Apr 29 20:36:17 BST 1999 George David Morrison <gdm@gedamo.demon.co.uk>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8_midi.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8_midi.c
index 4affdcb78f72..8c01460539ed 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8_midi.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8_midi.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of SoundBlaster cards - MIDI interface
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * --
 *
 * Sun May  9 22:54:38 BST 1999 George David Morrison <gdm@gedamo.demon.co.uk>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
index 90b254aaef74..162338f1b68a 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Uros Bizjak <uros@kss-loka.si>
 *
 *  Lowlevel routines for control of Sound Blaster cards
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
index add1d3f99609..bd65ef0412a6 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for Sound Blaster mixer control
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sc6000.c b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
index a985e9183be9..395ee3b1794d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sc6000.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard. This card is also known as
 *  Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
@@ -9,20 +10,6 @@
 *
 *  I don't have documentation for this card. I used the driver
 *  for OSS/Free included in the kernel source as reference.
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/sscape.c b/sound/isa/sscape.c
index 8181db4db019..5363d88cc4b9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sscape.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sscape.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Low-level ALSA driver for the ENSONIQ SoundScape
 *   Copyright (c) by Chris Rankin
 *
 *   This driver was written in part using information obtained from
 *   the OSS/Free SoundScape driver, written by Hannu Savolainen.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
index b1989facd732..95e6deb7b8d4 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  ALSA card-level driver for Turtle Beach Wavefront cards 
 *                                              (Maui,Tropez,Tropez+)
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 1997-1999 by Paul Barton-Davis <pbd@op.net>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_fx.c b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_fx.c
index 0608a5a4289d..3c21324b2a0e 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_fx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront_fx.c
@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 1998-2002 by Paul Davis <pbd@op.net>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
index 0dfb8065b403..c43f2602249b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of CS4231(A)/CS4232/InterWave & compatible chips
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *       Yamaha OPL3-SA3 chip
 *     - CS4231 (GUS MAX) - still trouble with occasional noises
 *                        - broken initialization?
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/last.c b/sound/last.c
index 4f5a624ab438..f0bb98780e70 100644
--- a/sound/last.c
+++ b/sound/last.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/mips/ad1843.c b/sound/mips/ad1843.c
index 586907500ca5..19c28938f00f 100644
--- a/sound/mips/ad1843.c
+++ b/sound/mips/ad1843.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   AD1843 low level driver
 *
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *
 *   inspired from vwsnd.c (SGI VW audio driver)
 *     Copyright 1999 Silicon Graphics, Inc.  All rights reserved.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
index 53a4ee01c522..fadc1194b136 100644
--- a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
+++ b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Sound driver for Silicon Graphics O2 Workstations A/V board audio.
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *   Copyright 2008 Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
 *   Mxier part taken from mace_audio.c:
 *   Copyright 2007 Thorben Jändling <tj.trevelyan@gmail.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
index 27b468f057dd..96b4601aae73 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
 *
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_id.h b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_id.h
index d603147c4a96..ed6ed048bc50 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_id.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_id.h
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
 *
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define AC97_ID_AK4540          0x414b4d00
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_local.h b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_local.h
index 941a5062cc20..8eeae2dec552 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_local.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_local.h
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
 *
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 void snd_ac97_get_name(struct snd_ac97 *ac97, unsigned int id, char *name,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
index 8cf0dc7a07a4..719a1e4956dd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com) and to datasheets
 *  for specific codecs.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include "ac97_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
index d1ce151fe722..a8cd89cfd6ff 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
 *
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define AC97_SINGLE_VALUE(reg,shift,mask,invert) \
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_pcm.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_pcm.c
index d15297a68801..1c23a0f90559 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_pcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com) and to datasheets
 *  for specific codecs.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_proc.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_proc.c
index 20516b6907b5..5426f7bc9884 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_proc.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_proc.c
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
 *
 *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
 *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ak4531_codec.c b/sound/pci/ak4531_codec.c
index 11e902cac71b..7fa8106b5010 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ak4531_codec.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ak4531_codec.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Universal routines for AK4531 codec
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/als300.c b/sound/pci/als300.c
index 516b3d9cbfdf..530799c8d3ce 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als300.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als300.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  als300.c - driver for Avance Logic ALS300/ALS300+ soundcards.
 *  Copyright (C) 2005 by Ash Willis <ashwillis@programmer.net>
 *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 *  TODO
 *  4 channel playback for ALS300+
 *  gameport
diff --git a/sound/pci/als4000.c b/sound/pci/als4000.c
index 45fa38382e79..b06c3dbb525d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als4000.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als4000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  card-als4000.c - driver for Avance Logic ALS4000 based soundcards.
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 by Bart Hartgers <bart@etpmod.phys.tue.nl>,
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *
 *  Framework borrowed from Massimo Piccioni's card-als100.c.
 *
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * NOTES
 *
 *  Since Avance does not provide any meaningful documentation, and I
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp.c b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
index 169763c88f5e..c953bd73a48c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ATI IXP 150/200/250/300 AC97 controllers
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
index cece66bb3644..95d209f96581 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
index 53abcd3eccbd..51c154e34026 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Manuel Jander.
 *
@@ -5,20 +6,6 @@
 *  Vojtech Pavlik
 *  Raymond Ingles
 *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
- *
 * Should you need to contact me, the author, you can do so either by
 * e-mail - mail your message to <vojtech@suse.cz>, or by paper mail:
 * Vojtech Pavlik, Ucitelska 1576, Prague 8, 182 00 Czech Republic
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
index 1025e55ca854..603494e7d30e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of MPU-401 in UART mode
 *
 *   Modified for the Aureal Vortex based Soundcards
 *   by Manuel Jander (mjande@embedded.cl).
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106.h b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106.h
index 9847b669cf3c..986905cfcc4c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver CA0106 chips. e.g. Sound Blaster Audigy LS and Live 24bit
@@ -50,24 +51,8 @@
 *  0.0.22
 *    Add support for mute control on SB Live 24bit (cards w/ SPI DAC)
 *
- *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /************************************************************************************************/
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
index 11ef0d636405..478412e0aa3c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver CA0106 chips. e.g. Sound Blaster Audigy LS and Live 24bit
@@ -119,21 +120,6 @@
 *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
index b4d3415331f6..38f7f0a8c810 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver CA0106 chips. e.g. Sound Blaster Audigy LS and Live 24bit
@@ -44,21 +45,6 @@
 *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_proc.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_proc.c
index f5b8934db735..15272c9ca4d5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_proc.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver CA0106 chips. e.g. Sound Blaster Audigy LS and Live 24bit
@@ -44,21 +45,6 @@
 *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.c
index 4d4d385205eb..18524e0a9102 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /* 
 *  Copyright 10/16/2005 Tilman Kranz <tilde@tk-sls.de>
 *  Creative Audio MIDI, for the CA0106 Driver
@@ -8,22 +9,6 @@
 *    tested with ca0106.
 *    mpu401: Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *    emu10k1x: Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 */
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.h b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.h
index 922ed3e3731e..1d0476c8af62 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca_midi.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /* 
 *  Copyright 10/16/2005 Tilman Kranz <tilde@tk-sls.de>
 *  Creative Audio MIDI, for the CA0106 Driver
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *  Changelog:
 *    See ca_midi.c
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/cmipci.c b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
index 701be04aed53..df720881eb99 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cmipci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI soundcards.
 * Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 
 /* Does not work. Warning may block system in capture mode */
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs4281.c b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
index 15bbf9564c82..a2cce3ecda6f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs4281.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Cirrus Logic CS4281 based PCI soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
index 4910d3f46d4b..a6e0a4439332 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.h
index 9c9f89a8be5f..b275df883d06 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_CS46XX_H
 #define __SOUND_CS46XX_H
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
 *                   Cirrus Logic, Inc.
 *  Definitions for Cirrus Logic CS46xx chips
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_scb_types.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_scb_types.h
index 080857ad0ca2..7339c38570be 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_scb_types.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_scb_types.h
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 * NOTE: comments are copy/paste from cwcemb80.lst 
 * provided by Tom Woller at Cirrus (my only
 * documentation about the SP OS running inside
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_spos.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_spos.h
index a02e1e19c021..2fa9c7d6acc3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_spos.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_spos.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __CS46XX_DSP_SPOS_H__
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_task_types.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_task_types.h
index be5694718546..fcbd31e40c5a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_task_types.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_dsp_task_types.h
@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 * NOTE: comments are copy/paste from cwcemb80.lst 
 * provided by Tom Woller at Cirrus (my only
 * documentation about the SP OS running inside
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.c
index a77d4cc44028..5b888b795f7e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>
@@ -28,21 +29,6 @@
 *           references to be able to implement all fancy feutures
 *           supported by the cs46xx DSP's. 
 *           Benny <benny@hostmobility.com>
- *                
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.h
index bdf4114167ea..6bcf2b636e8f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx_lib.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef __CS46XX_LIB_H__
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.c
index c28e58602679..887790ac33c6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.c
@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.h b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.h
index ca47a8114c7f..a4853c748efe 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.h
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos.h
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  The driver for the Cirrus Logic's Sound Fusion CS46XX based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos_scb_lib.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos_scb_lib.c
index 1d9d610262de..715ead59613d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos_scb_lib.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/dsp_spos_scb_lib.c
@@ -1,19 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
index 4590086d9cd8..68db7dec90b3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for audio on multifunction CS5535/6 companion device
 * Copyright (C) Jaya Kumar
 *
 * Based on Jaroslav Kysela and Takashi Iwai's examples.
 * This work was sponsored by CIS(M) Sdn Bhd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pcm.c b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pcm.c
index 326caec854e1..04822bf2f987 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for audio on multifunction CS5535 companion device
 * Copyright (C) Jaya Kumar
@@ -5,20 +6,6 @@
 * Based on Jaroslav Kysela and Takashi Iwai's examples.
 * This work was sponsored by CIS(M) Sdn Bhd.
 *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * todo: add be fmt support, spdif, pm
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pm.c b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pm.c
index 446ef1f1b45a..90fb73a9d9b2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio_pm.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Power management for audio on multifunction CS5535 companion device
 * Copyright (C) Jaya Kumar
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
index 3c41a0edcfb0..f208b6e217fd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
@@ -1,26 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  The driver for the EMU10K1 (SB Live!) based soundcards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
 *  Copyright (c) by James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *      Added support for Audigy 2 Value.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- * 
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_callback.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_callback.c
index aa2cc27b8491..07471c3dcbed 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_callback.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_callback.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  synth callback routines for Emu10k1
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
index 0419c75bdf5a..8c1e968b9c96 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -8,27 +9,11 @@
 *      Added EMU 1010 support.
 *      General bug fixes and enhancements.
 *
- *
 *  BUGS:
 *    --
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/sched.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_patch.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_patch.c
index c32eb7053715..b3aa7bbe1067 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_patch.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_patch.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Patch transfer callback for Emu10k1
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /*
 * All the code for loading in a patch.  There is very little that is
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth.c
index 5457d5613f6b..549013a4a80b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Routines for control of EMU10K1 WaveTable synth
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emu10k1_synth_local.h"
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth_local.h b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth_local.h
index 25f328ff639f..11373695344b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth_local.h
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_synth_local.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __EMU10K1_SYNTH_LOCAL_H
 #define __EMU10K1_SYNTH_LOCAL_H
 /*
 *  Local defininitons for Emu10k1 wavetable
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
index 576c7bd03a1a..67d6473ab0cd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
 *  Driver EMU10K1X chips
@@ -13,21 +14,6 @@
 *  Chips (SB0200 model):
 *    - EMU10K1X-DBQ
 *    - STAC 9708T
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
index 1f25e6d029d8..e053f0d58bdd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -11,21 +12,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
index b2219a73c17c..7c0417253cb5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
 *                   Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
@@ -13,21 +14,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumpu401.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumpu401.c
index b6650f5c1621..b62c95150702 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumpu401.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumpu401.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of EMU10K1 MPU-401 in UART mode
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
index f6b4cb9ac75c..6530a55fb878 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -9,21 +10,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emuproc.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emuproc.c
index a3d9f06e8e6a..d32f256af809 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emuproc.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emuproc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -11,21 +12,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/io.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/io.c
index 706b4f0c6806..a3f1de7e5fee 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/io.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/io.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -8,21 +9,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/irq.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/irq.c
index 3c5c5e3dc2d9..ebb2275efb6c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/irq.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -8,21 +9,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/memory.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/memory.c
index dbc7d8d0e1c4..135e26544275 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/memory.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/memory.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  EMU10K1 memory page allocation (PTB area)
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
index 672017cac4c7..eeaed555185c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver p16v chips
@@ -71,21 +72,6 @@
 *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.h b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.h
index 4e0ee1a9747a..3cdafa311617 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.h
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver p16v chips
@@ -40,7 +41,6 @@
 *  0.21
 *    Split from p16v.c
 *
- *
 *  BUGS:
 *    Some stability problems when unloading the snd-p16v kernel module.
 *    --
@@ -61,21 +61,6 @@
 *
 *  This code was initially based on code from ALSA's emu10k1x.c which is:
 *  Copyright (c) by Francisco Moraes <fmoraes@nc.rr.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /********************************************************************************************************/
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p17v.h b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p17v.h
index 4ef5f68a9cd0..3a6568346fad 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p17v.h
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p17v.h
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver p17v chips
 *  Version: 0.01
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /******************************************************************************/
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/timer.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/timer.c
index b69a7f8a216c..9ef3b999dcd6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/timer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/timer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Lee Revell <rlrevell@joe-job.com>
 *                   Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
@@ -8,21 +9,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/tina2.h b/sound/pci/emu10k1/tina2.h
index f2d8eb6c89e1..7fd235345292 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/tina2.h
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/tina2.h
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.demon.co.uk>
 *  Driver tina2 chips
 *  Version: 0.1
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /********************************************************************************************************/
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/voice.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/voice.c
index f16fd5cfb7cd..cbeb8443492c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/voice.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/voice.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
@@ -11,21 +12,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    --
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ens1370.c b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
index 1cfff35e370e..b767df8181b5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ens1370.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Ensoniq ES1370/ES1371 AudioPCI soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>,
 *                   Thomas Sailer <sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* Power-Management-Code ( CONFIG_PM )
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1938.c b/sound/pci/es1938.c
index 84d07bce581c..ecf77c8c9e59 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1938.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1938.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for ESS Solo-1 (ES1938, ES1946, ES1969) soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaromir Koutek <miri@punknet.cz>,
@@ -10,22 +11,6 @@
 *
 *  TODO:
 *    Rewrite better spinlocks
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1968.c b/sound/pci/es1968.c
index 9dcb698fc8c7..974142535a25 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1968.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1968.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for ESS Maestro 1/2/2E Sound Card (started 21.8.99)
 *  Copyright (c) by Matze Braun <MatzeBraun@gmx.de>.
@@ -10,21 +11,6 @@
 *  TODO:
 *   Perhaps Synth
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 *  Notes from Zach Brown about the driver code
 *
 *  Hardware Description
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
index 0741eae23f10..4f24fa80e1ed 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *
 *  hda_intel.c - Implementation of primary alsa driver code base
@@ -8,20 +9,6 @@
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *                     PeiSen Hou <pshou@realtek.com.tw>
 *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
- *
 *  CONTACTS:
 *
 *  Matt Jared          matt.jared@intel.com
@@ -31,7 +18,6 @@
 *  CHANGES:
 *
 *  2004.12.01  Major rewrite by tiwai, merged the work of pshou
- * 
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.h b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.h
index f59719e06b91..1468865e0342 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.h
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.h
@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_HDA_INTEL_H
 #define __SOUND_HDA_INTEL_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_local.h b/sound/pci/hda/hda_local.h
index 9bd935216c18..349a8312d06a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_local.h
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_local.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Universal Interface for Intel High Definition Audio Codec
 *
 * Local helper functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_HDA_LOCAL_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
index 0c61c05503f5..b7bde55b6adf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *
 *  patch_hdmi.c - routines for HDMI/DisplayPort codecs
@@ -13,20 +14,6 @@
 *
 *  Maintained by:
 *                      Wu Fengguang <wfg@linux.intel.com>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- *  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
- *  or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
- *  for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- *  Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ak4xxx.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ak4xxx.c
index a553897a4c4f..cad33a2f26bc 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ak4xxx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ak4xxx.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
 *   AK4524 / AK4528 / AK4529 / AK4355 / AK4381 interface
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.c
index 2f9b93467867..a7b496de6ce2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Advanced Micro Peripherals Ltd AUDIO2000
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.h
index bf81d30d9150..bd6323fe38e8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/amp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_AMP_H
 #define __SOUND_AMP_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Advanced Micro Peripherals Ltd AUDIO2000
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define  AMP_AUDIO2000_DEVICE_DESC             "{AMP Ltd,AUDIO2000},"\
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
index c9411dfff5a4..4556ba76b791 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 * NOTES:
 *
 * - we reuse the struct snd_akm4xxx record for storing the wm8770 codec data.
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.h
index c253b8e2c789..de011495e27a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_AUREON_H
 #define __SOUND_AUREON_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Terratec Aureon cards
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define  AUREON_DEVICE_DESC            "{Terratec,Aureon 5.1 Sky},"\
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.c
index 6808bed0105e..519c9fbcff1e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *                          Audiophile, Digigram VX442
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.h
index 11a9c3a76507..01fcaf7e85b9 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/delta.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_DELTA_H
 #define __SOUND_DELTA_H
@@ -8,21 +9,6 @@
 *                          Digigram VX442
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define DELTA_DEVICE_DESC \
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/envy24ht.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/envy24ht.h
index 4ca33a800bc8..10e79c82f86f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/envy24ht.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/envy24ht.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_VT1724_H
 #define __SOUND_VT1724_H
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24)
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <sound/control.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
index 7646c93e8268..3729b132ad85 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                    2002 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.h
index 1c443718af03..aec8dc69a9ea 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_EWS_H
 #define __SOUND_EWS_H
@@ -8,21 +9,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                    2002 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define EWS_DEVICE_DESC \
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
index fa301d31745b..46daeea8dc66 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Hoontech STDSP24
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.h
index 7f94943392ce..89404ceecbe7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_HOONTECH_H
 #define __SOUND_HOONTECH_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Hoontech STDSP24
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define  HOONTECH_DEVICE_DESC \
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
index fa7d90ee6e2d..4b0dea7f7669 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.h
index 8ae8742662a5..88145708a8a7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_ICE1712_H
 #define __SOUND_ICE1712_H
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
index a7d640ee4a17..e62c11816683 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for VT1724 ICEnsemble ICE1724 / VIA VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *                   VIA VT1720 (Envy24PT)
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                    2002 James Stafford <jstafford@ampltd.com>
 *                    2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
index 21806bab4757..0da7e940f264 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                    2008 Pavel Hofman <dustin@seznam.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
index 0e30419f6bbd..3af5abed1e3c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2009 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *      Based on the patches by Rainer Zimmermann <mail@lightshed.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
index 67fbb28bf033..699051154bf9 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1724 (Envy24)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Terratec PHASE 22
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2005 Misha Zhilin <misha@epiphan.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* PHASE 22 overview:
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.h
index 7fc22d9d442f..c019018e2e19 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PHASE_H
 #define __SOUND_PHASE_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Terratec PHASE 22
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2005 Misha Zhilin <misha@epiphan.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define PHASE_DEVICE_DESC       "{Terratec,Phase 22},"\
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
index f499f1e8d0c9..56cbc966d7a9 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Pontis MS300
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.h
index d0d1378b935c..bba01aeac7f0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PONTIS_H
 #define __SOUND_PONTIS_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Pontis MS300 boards
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define PONTIS_DEVICE_DESC             "{Pontis,MS300},"
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
index d243309029d3..98f8ac658796 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -37,21 +38,6 @@
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Dimitromanolakis Apostolos <apostol@cs.utoronto.ca>
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Kouichi ONO <co2b@ceres.dti.ne.jp>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
index 72f252c936e5..9d71e9d5c9a0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *      Copyright (c) 2007 Julian Scheel <julian@jusst.de>
 *      Copyright (c) 2007 allank
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.h
index a4415d455d9e..f0e88396de79 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PRODIGY_HIFI_H
 #define __SOUND_PRODIGY_HIFI_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for Audiotrak Prodigy Hifi
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define PRODIGY_HIFI_DEVICE_DESC               "{Audiotrak,Prodigy 7.1 HIFI},"\
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/psc724.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/psc724.c
index 4019cf27d117..7287ebed2b5a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/psc724.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/psc724.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Philips PSC724 Ultimate Edge
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
index 8ad964ee0b65..9e2149fd42f8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for Infrasonic Quartet
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2009 Pavel Hofman <pavel.hofman@ivitera.com>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
index 6669c389f336..bcf114152dfd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble ICE1712 (Envy24)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for M-Audio Audiophile 192, Revolution 7.1 and 5.1
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.h
index a3ba425911cc..573ae25067e0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_REVO_H
 #define __SOUND_REVO_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for M-Audio Revolution 7.1
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2003 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define REVO_DEVICE_DESC \
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
index 1c5d5b22c7a0..fdc502783e07 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2007 Shin-ya Okada  sh_okada(at)d4.dion.ne.jp
 *                                        (at) -> @
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.c
index 5dbb867e642c..3d240125a644 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for VT1720/VT1724 (Envy24PT/Envy24HT)
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for VT1720-based motherboards
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.h
index 0b1b0ee1bea7..90c77d8270d0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/vt1720_mobo.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_VT1720_MOBO_H
 #define __SOUND_VT1720_MOBO_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for VT1720-based motherboards
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #define VT1720_MOBO_DEVICE_DESC        "{Albatron,K8X800 Pro II},"\
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.c
index 27c03e40c9b1..0943f9ef73cf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT17xx
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for WM8766 codec
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.h
index 18c8d9d47b38..44ab7c72a3d1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8766.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_WM8766_H
 #define __SOUND_WM8766_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for WM8766 codec
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define WM8766_REG_DACL1        0x00
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.c
index 553669b103c2..d696a7c29f7e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT17xx
 *
 *   Lowlevel functions for WM8776 codec
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.h b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.h
index 42acef05540c..0d49d0c7488a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/wm8776.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_WM8776_H
 #define __SOUND_WM8776_H
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 *   Lowlevel functions for WM8776 codec
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #define WM8776_REG_HPLVOL       0x00
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/wtm.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/wtm.c
index 9906119e0954..4ca96ec6d687 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/wtm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/wtm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *      ALSA driver for ICEnsemble VT1724 (Envy24HT)
 *
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *              Copyright (c) 2006 Guedez Clement <klem.dev@gmail.com>
 *              Some functions are taken from the Prodigy192 driver
 *              source
- *
- *      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *      (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- *      GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *      Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
index 2784bf48cf5a..6ff94d8ad86e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
@@ -1,29 +1,14 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipsets
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
- *
 *   This code also contains alpha support for SiS 735 chipsets provided
 *   by Mike Pieper <mptei@users.sourceforge.net>. We have no datasheet
 *   for SiS735, so the code is not fully functional.
 *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
index 43c654e15452..2f960fb092df 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA modem driver for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipsets
 *
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *
 *   This is modified (by Sasha Khapyorsky <sashak@alsa-project.org>) version
 *   of ALSA ICH sound driver intel8x0.c .
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
index fe4aba8a08ea..0d81eac0a478 100644
--- a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
+++ b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Driver for the Korg 1212 IO PCI card
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2001 Haroldo Gamal <gamal@alternex.com.br>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola.c
index 254f24366892..5cda3488ceab 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola.h b/sound/pci/lola/lola.h
index bd852fed8bb6..8a598aa40bf3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola.h
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #ifndef _LOLA_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola_clock.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola_clock.c
index 2bef6b412aee..fdb85f256ed5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola_clock.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola_clock.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
index cb25acf7bc49..e2c8f1417001 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola_pcm.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola_pcm.c
index e70276c3ea20..151f7cf5ce0e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola_pcm.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola_proc.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola_proc.c
index 1603f9c81897..a166672e22cb 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola_proc.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola_proc.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Support for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2011 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- *  any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
- *  more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/maestro3.c b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
index 1a9468c14aaf..19fa73df0846 100644
--- a/sound/pci/maestro3.c
+++ b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for ESS Maestro3/Allegro (ES1988) soundcards.
 * Copyright (c) 2000 by Zach Brown <zab@zabbo.net>
@@ -6,26 +7,10 @@
 * Most of the hardware init stuffs are based on maestro3 driver for
 * OSS/Free by Zach Brown.  Many thanks to Zach!
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 * ChangeLog:
 * Aug. 27, 2001
 *     - Fixed deadlock on capture
 *     - Added Canyon3D-2 support by Rob Riggs <rob@pangalactic.org>
- *
 */
 
 #define CARD_NAME "ESS Maestro3/Allegro/Canyon3D-2"
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
index 92f616df3863..e5279ce54ee1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * main file with alsa callbacks
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.h b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.h
index 69b3ece099ad..42111562e9bc 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.h
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * main header file
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_MIXART_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.c
index 71776bfe0485..048a2660d18d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * low level interface with interrupt handling and mail box implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.h b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.h
index d1722e575409..fbf4731a276d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.h
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_core.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * low level interface with interrupt handling and mail box implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_MIXART_CORE_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
index bc92758de82c..92b051c6572d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * DSP firmware management
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.h b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.h
index 2794cd385b8e..69f45bb4d22f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.h
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * definitions and makros for basic card access
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_MIXART_HWDEP_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.c
index 2b9496a66c77..1378f9ee70a9 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * mixer callbacks
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.h b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.h
index 04aa24e35c3f..42e189272b92 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.h
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_mixer.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram miXart soundcards
 *
 * include file for mixer
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_MIXART_MIXER_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
index 85e46ff44ac3..1201c9c95660 100644
--- a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
+++ b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /* 
 * Driver for NeoMagic 256AV and 256ZX chipsets.
 * Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
@@ -7,21 +8,6 @@
 * so I just put my acknoledgment to him/her here.
 * The original author's web page is found at
 *      http://www.uglx.org/sony.html
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
  
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
index 4ab7efc6e9f7..e493962d8455 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * main file with alsa callbacks
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.h b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.h
index d799cbd37301..1b85200d00dd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.h
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr soundcards
 *
 * main header file
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PCXHR_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
index d7e71f309299..495be27e3ba2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * low level interface with interrupt and message handling implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.h b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.h
index dc267e4c1074..d8319b983ee0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.h
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * low level interface with interrupt and message handling
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PCXHR_CORE_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.c
index a99808ab01fe..12a6bdb920b2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * hwdep device manager
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.h b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.h
index f561909dc05f..f7a440e4be33 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.h
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_hwdep.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * definitions and makros for basic card access
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PCXHR_HWDEP_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.c
index 8b4d0282efb8..f340458fd2e1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * mixer interface for stereo cards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.h b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.h
index 5971b9933f41..b1e4ffca8bcf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.h
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mix22.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * low level interface with interrupt ans message handling
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PCXHR_MIX22_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
index d9a1c6c50a87..aec509461dd6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 #define __NO_VERSION__
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
@@ -5,20 +6,6 @@
 * mixer callbacks
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.h b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.h
index 4348d0e55ba3..9c0862064677 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.h
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram pcxhr compatible soundcards
 *
 * include file for mixer
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 by Digigram <alsa@digigram.com>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_PCXHR_MIXER_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
index 8d1a56a9bcfd..58771ae0ed63 100644
--- a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
+++ b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Driver for the Conexant Riptide Soundchip
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2004 Peter Gruber <nokos@gmx.net>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
  History:
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme96.c b/sound/pci/rme96.c
index 42c6b5e09072..64ab55772eae 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme96.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme96.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST audio
 *   interfaces 
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *    
 *      Thanks to Henk Hesselink <henk@anda.nl> for the analog volume control
 *      code.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */      
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
index 29bef48a3af3..5cbdc9be9c7e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 2002  Paul Davis
 *                          Marcus Andersson
 *                          Thomas Charbonnel
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
index 1209cf0b05e0..6f5eaa510bbc 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for RME Hammerfall DSP MADI audio interface(s)
 *
@@ -22,21 +23,6 @@
 *      Modified 2011-01-14 added S/PDIF input on RayDATs by Adrian Knoth
 *
 *      Modified 2011-01-25 variable period sizes on RayDAT/AIO by Adrian Knoth
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /* *************    Register Documentation   *******************************************************
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
index 5228b982da5a..cb9818af5b41 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for RME Digi9652 audio interfaces 
 *
 *      Copyright (c) 1999 IEM - Winfried Ritsch
 *      Copyright (c) 1999-2001  Paul Davis
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
index 71d5ad3cffd6..13103f5c309b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for S3 SonicVibes soundcard
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *  BUGS:
 *    It looks like 86c617 rev 3 doesn't supports DDMA buffers above 16MB?
 *    Driver sometimes hangs... Nobody knows why at this moment...
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
index 2f18b1cdc2cd..5bc79da6e35e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Driver for Trident 4DWave DX/NX & SiS SI7018 Audio PCI soundcard
 *
 *  Driver was originated by Trident <audio@tridentmicro.com>
 *                           Fri Feb 19 15:55:28 MST 1999
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident.h b/sound/pci/trident/trident.h
index 2d62c1921255..c7567edbe4c4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident.h
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_TRIDENT_H
 #define __SOUND_TRIDENT_H
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *  audio@tridentmicro.com
 *  Fri Feb 19 15:55:28 MST 1999
 *  Definitions for Trident 4DWave DX/NX chips
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
index 0ff32d3f5d3b..1a6f6202fd16 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Maintained by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Originated by audio@tridentmicro.com
@@ -9,21 +10,6 @@
 *  TODO:
 *    ---
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 *  SiS7018 S/PDIF support by Thomas Winischhofer <thomas@winischhofer.net>
 */
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident_memory.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident_memory.c
index b9ebb51893c5..bb24dbf0530d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident_memory.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident_memory.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
@@ -5,22 +6,6 @@
 *
 *  Trident 4DWave-NX memory page allocation (TLB area)
 *  Trident chip can handle only 16MByte of the memory at the same time.
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx.c b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
index dee1c487d6ba..38601d0dfb73 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA driver for VIA VT82xx (South Bridge)
 *
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                         Tjeerd.Mulder <Tjeerd.Mulder@fujitsu-siemens.com>
 *                    2002 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
index 7e0bebce7b77..bfb5e1b89d5f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   ALSA modem driver for VIA VT82xx (South Bridge)
 *
@@ -6,21 +7,6 @@
 *      Copyright (c) 2000 Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                         Tjeerd.Mulder <Tjeerd.Mulder@fujitsu-siemens.com>
 *                    2002 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
index 55861849d7df..b502c2403a02 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX222 V2/Mic PCI soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.h b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.h
index cae355c8ed28..d27af637125c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.h
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX222 PCI soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __VX222_H
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
index c0d0bf44f365..c145951e2fc6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VX222 V2/Mic soundcards
 *
 * VX222-specific low-level routines
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
index eafdee384059..9b0d18a7bf35 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
@@ -1,22 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  The driver for the Yamaha's DS1/DS1E cards
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.h b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.h
index e2fa7e360d79..c73d8a5f4d0b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.h
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __SOUND_YMFPCI_H
 #define __SOUND_YMFPCI_H
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Definitions for Yahama YMF724/740/744/754 chips
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
diff --git a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci_main.c b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci_main.c
index 4d48877f211f..90400ebb64af 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci_main.c
@@ -1,21 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *  Routines for control of YMF724/740/744/754 chips
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
index 07f4b33db3af..022db0479908 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Sound Core PDAudioCF soundcard
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.h b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.h
index e9a7d3a784f7..12a29a2cb823 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.h
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Sound Cors PDAudioCF soundcard
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __PDAUDIOCF_H
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_core.c b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_core.c
index 910478275fd9..db3cd459b954 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_core.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_core.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Sound Core PDAudioCF soundcard
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_irq.c b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_irq.c
index ecf0fbd91794..f134b4a4622f 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_irq.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_irq.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Sound Core PDAudioCF soundcard
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_pcm.c b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_pcm.c
index 98a6863e933c..c21fec60cd98 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf_pcm.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Sound Core PDAudioCF soundcards
 *
 * PCM part
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_mixer.c b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_mixer.c
index 304b153005a5..0f59e4cca56d 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_mixer.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VXpocket soundcards
 *
 * VX-pocket mixer
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_ops.c b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_ops.c
index 4c4ef1fec69f..447c6342eec8 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_ops.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp_ops.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VXpocket soundcards
 *
 * lowlevel routines for VXpocket soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/delay.h>
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
index ca0d19e723fd..4e08863c3045 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
@@ -1,21 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VXpocket V2/440 soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.h b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.h
index 26f4255e132e..6dbd9f6bd2ff 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.h
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Digigram VXpocket soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __VXPOCKET_H
diff --git a/sound/ppc/awacs.c b/sound/ppc/awacs.c
index d1e4ef1c5c30..359d22a81ae3 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/awacs.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/awacs.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * PMac AWACS lowlevel functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 * code based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/awacs.h b/sound/ppc/awacs.h
index c33e6a531cf7..bde22668c238 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/awacs.h
+++ b/sound/ppc/awacs.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for PowerMac AWACS onboard soundchips
 * Copyright (c) 2001 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *   based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/beep.c b/sound/ppc/beep.c
index f19eb3e39937..e2806b8aee53 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/beep.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/beep.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Beep using pcm
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/ppc/burgundy.c b/sound/ppc/burgundy.c
index b86159e04493..a2a41e5245ef 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/burgundy.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/burgundy.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * PMac Burgundy lowlevel functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 * code based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/io.h>
diff --git a/sound/ppc/burgundy.h b/sound/ppc/burgundy.h
index 7a7f9cf3d299..538add0e45b5 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/burgundy.h
+++ b/sound/ppc/burgundy.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for PowerMac Burgundy onboard soundchips
 * Copyright (c) 2001 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *   based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/daca.c b/sound/ppc/daca.c
index b86526223e4e..f2b4478139a4 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/daca.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/daca.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * PMac DACA lowlevel functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/keywest.c b/sound/ppc/keywest.c
index 4373615f13e2..093806d735c6 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/keywest.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/keywest.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * common keywest i2c layer
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/pmac.c b/sound/ppc/pmac.c
index 6d420bd3ae17..1b11e53f6a62 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/pmac.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/pmac.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * PMac DBDMA lowlevel functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 * code based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/pmac.h b/sound/ppc/pmac.h
index 25c512c2d74d..529f5a9f9039 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/pmac.h
+++ b/sound/ppc/pmac.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for PowerMac onboard soundchips
 * Copyright (c) 2001 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *   based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/ppc/powermac.c b/sound/ppc/powermac.c
index 33c6be9fb388..96ef55082bf9 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/powermac.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/powermac.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for PowerMac AWACS
 * Copyright (c) 2001 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *   based on dmasound.c.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/ppc/tumbler.c b/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
index 78e5798ae967..31bab6af645f 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
@@ -1,26 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * PMac Tumbler/Snapper lowlevel functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 *   Rene Rebe <rene.rebe@gmx.net>:
 *     * update from shadow registers on wakeup and headphone plug
 *     * automatically toggle DRC on headphone plug
- *      
 */
diff --git a/sound/sh/sh_dac_audio.c b/sound/sh/sh_dac_audio.c
index 834b2574786f..ed877a138965 100644
--- a/sound/sh/sh_dac_audio.c
+++ b/sound/sh/sh_dac_audio.c
@@ -1,25 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * sh_dac_audio.c - SuperH DAC audio driver for ALSA
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 by Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rizurita@yahoo.com>
 *
- *
 * Based on sh_dac_audio.c (Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 by Andriy Skulysh)
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/hrtimer.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
index dd57a9eac171..042e59309bcd 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * atmel-pcm-dma.c  --  ALSA PCM DMA support for the Atmel SoC.
 *
@@ -8,20 +9,6 @@
 * Based on atmel-pcm by:
 * Sedji Gaouaou <sedji.gaouaou@atmel.com>
 * Copyright 2008 Atmel
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-pdc.c b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-pdc.c
index 99ca23d527c9..7e9aa7003305 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-pdc.c
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-pdc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * atmel-pcm.c  --  ALSA PCM interface for the Atmel atmel SoC.
 *
@@ -15,20 +16,6 @@
 * Author:      Nicolas Pitre
 * Created:     Nov 30, 2004
 * Copyright:   (C) 2004 MontaVista Software, Inc.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm.h b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm.h
index 4b27aed40a51..5173c9b529ba 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm.h
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * at91-pcm.h - ALSA PCM interface for the Atmel AT91 SoC.
 *
@@ -15,20 +16,6 @@
 * Author:      Nicolas Pitre
 * Created:     Nov 30, 2004
 * Copyright:   (C) 2004 MontaVista Software, Inc.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #ifndef _ATMEL_PCM_H
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.c b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.c
index 6291ec7f9dd6..b66c7789d096 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.c
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * atmel_ssc_dai.c  --  ALSA SoC ATMEL SSC Audio Layer Platform driver
 *
@@ -11,20 +12,6 @@
 * Frank Mandarino <fmandarino@endrelia.com>
 * Based on pxa2xx Platform drivers by
 * Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.h b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.h
index 75194f582131..ae764cb541c7 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.h
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel_ssc_dai.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * atmel_ssc_dai.h - ALSA SSC interface for the Atmel  SoC
 *
@@ -11,20 +12,6 @@
 * Frank Mandarino <fmandarino@endrelia.com>
 * Based on pxa2xx Platform drivers by
 * Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #ifndef _ATMEL_SSC_DAI_H
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/sam9g20_wm8731.c b/sound/soc/atmel/sam9g20_wm8731.c
index 98f93e79c654..1f9b548f5449 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/sam9g20_wm8731.c
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/sam9g20_wm8731.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * sam9g20_wm8731  --  SoC audio for AT91SAM9G20-based
 *                      ATMEL AT91SAM9G20ek board.
@@ -13,20 +14,6 @@
 * Based on corgi.c by:
 * Copyright 2005 Wolfson Microelectronics PLC.
 * Copyright 2005 Openedhand Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/codecs/cq93vc.c b/sound/soc/codecs/cq93vc.c
index 3301861d3502..b0cc61178a41 100644
--- a/sound/soc/codecs/cq93vc.c
+++ b/sound/soc/codecs/cq93vc.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * ALSA SoC CQ0093 Voice Codec Driver for DaVinci platforms
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2010 Texas Instruments, Inc
 *
 * Author: Miguel Aguilar <miguel.aguilar@ridgerun.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.c b/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.c
index 12d4513ebe8a..72f4364b2d20 100644
--- a/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.c
+++ b/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.c
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * linux/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.c
 * Base on pxa2xx-ssp.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Marvell International Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.h b/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.h
index ea365cb9e784..7d1b7c7325df 100644
--- a/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.h
+++ b/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.h
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * linux/sound/soc/pxa/mmp-sspa.h
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Marvell International Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
- *
 */
 #ifndef _MMP_SSPA_H
 #define _MMP_SSPA_H
diff --git a/sound/soc/pxa/ttc-dkb.c b/sound/soc/pxa/ttc-dkb.c
index 5d6e61a4bb7e..6f318abaaaac 100644
--- a/sound/soc/pxa/ttc-dkb.c
+++ b/sound/soc/pxa/ttc-dkb.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * linux/sound/soc/pxa/ttc_dkb.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012 Marvell International Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
diff --git a/sound/soc/spear/spdif_in_regs.h b/sound/soc/spear/spdif_in_regs.h
index 37af7bc66b7f..8d71766b1412 100644
--- a/sound/soc/spear/spdif_in_regs.h
+++ b/sound/soc/spear/spdif_in_regs.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * SPEAr SPDIF IN controller header file
 *
 * Copyright (ST) 2011 Vipin Kumar (vipin.kumar@st.com)
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef SPDIF_IN_REGS_H
diff --git a/sound/soc/spear/spdif_out_regs.h b/sound/soc/spear/spdif_out_regs.h
index a5e53324b452..e8a351ee1dce 100644
--- a/sound/soc/spear/spdif_out_regs.h
+++ b/sound/soc/spear/spdif_out_regs.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * SPEAr SPDIF OUT controller header file
 *
 * Copyright (ST) 2011 Vipin Kumar (vipin.kumar@st.com)
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef SPDIF_OUT_REGS_H
diff --git a/sound/soc/ti/davinci-vcif.c b/sound/soc/ti/davinci-vcif.c
index 5415b72393fa..c84650e4a7aa 100644
--- a/sound/soc/ti/davinci-vcif.c
+++ b/sound/soc/ti/davinci-vcif.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * ALSA SoC Voice Codec Interface for TI DAVINCI processor
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2010 Texas Instruments.
 *
 * Author: Miguel Aguilar <miguel.aguilar@ridgerun.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux.c
index 64f3141a3e1b..f65e6c7b139f 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Routines for control of EMU WaveTable chip
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/wait.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_effect.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_effect.c
index 9ac0bf531b4b..afd119b11f39 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_effect.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_effect.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Midi synth routines for the Emu8k/Emu10k1
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Contains code based on awe_wave.c by Takashi Iwai
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include "emux_voice.h"
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_hwdep.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_hwdep.c
index fae48d108b97..8a965e2f160a 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_hwdep.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Interface for hwdep device
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <sound/core.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_nrpn.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_nrpn.c
index 9729a15b6ae6..1ac22676d464 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_nrpn.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_nrpn.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  NRPN / SYSEX callbacks for Emu8k/Emu10k1
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include "emux_voice.h"
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_oss.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_oss.c
index 764ff4bc2089..a14fc6562664 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_oss.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_oss.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Interface for OSS sequencer emulation
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 * Changes
 * 19990227   Steve Ratcliffe   Made separate file and merged in latest
 *                              midi emulation.
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_proc.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_proc.c
index c14781ac7941..7993e6a01e54 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_proc.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_proc.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Proc interface for Emu8k/Emu10k1 WaveTable synth
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/wait.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_seq.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_seq.c
index 396c406d0f77..9d8a69f1a644 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_seq.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_seq.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Midi Sequencer interface routines.
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include "emux_voice.h"
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
index 9fa696b0dbde..7c9eecd4d14e 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Midi synth routines for the Emu8k/Emu10k1
 *
@@ -5,21 +6,6 @@
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Contains code based on awe_wave.c by Takashi Iwai
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_voice.h b/sound/synth/emux/emux_voice.h
index 326fa8993d7b..cb061034ad23 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_voice.h
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_voice.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __EMUX_VOICE_H
 #define __EMUX_VOICE_H
@@ -6,20 +7,6 @@
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/wait.h>
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
index 9b5d70104489..dcc6a925a03e 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Soundfont generic routines.
 *      It is intended that these should be used by any driver that is willing
@@ -5,20 +6,6 @@
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1999 Steve Ratcliffe
 *  Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /*
 * Deal with reading in of a soundfont.  Code follows the OSS way
diff --git a/sound/synth/util_mem.c b/sound/synth/util_mem.c
index 4bd1e98200d2..304a8f1740c3 100644
--- a/sound/synth/util_mem.c
+++ b/sound/synth/util_mem.c
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *
 *  Generic memory management routines for soundcard memory allocation
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/audio.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/audio.c
index c6108a3d7f8f..444bb637ce13 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/audio.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/audio.c
@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Daniel Mack, Karsten Wiese
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
index b7a7c805d63f..532e354f6124 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Copyright (c) 2007 Daniel Mack
 *   friendly supported by NI.
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
index f4a72e39ffa9..b669e119f654 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * caiaq.c: ALSA driver for caiaq/NativeInstruments devices
 *
 *   Copyright (c) 2007 Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
 *                      Karsten Wiese <fzu@wemgehoertderstaat.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
index e883659ea6e7..533eb69fe4e6 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Copyright (c) 2006,2007 Daniel Mack, Tim Ruetz
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c
index f8e5b1b57c4f..512fbb3ee604 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c
@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Copyright (c) 2006,2007 Daniel Mack
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/card.c b/sound/usb/card.c
index 04465d581204..db91dc76cc91 100644
--- a/sound/usb/card.c
+++ b/sound/usb/card.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
 *
@@ -9,21 +10,6 @@
 *
 *   Audio Class 3.0 support by Ruslan Bilovol <ruslan.bilovol@gmail.com>
 *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
 *  NOTES:
 *
 *   - the linked URBs would be preferred but not used so far because of
diff --git a/sound/usb/clock.c b/sound/usb/clock.c
index db5e39d67a90..72e9bdf76115 100644
--- a/sound/usb/clock.c
+++ b/sound/usb/clock.c
@@ -1,20 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Clock domain and sample rate management functions
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/endpoint.c b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
index d86be8bfe412..a2ab8e8d3a93 100644
--- a/sound/usb/endpoint.c
+++ b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/format.c b/sound/usb/format.c
index 3ee7d6f853b7..c02b51a82775 100644
--- a/sound/usb/format.c
+++ b/sound/usb/format.c
@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/helper.c b/sound/usb/helper.c
index 7712e2b84183..84aa265dd802 100644
--- a/sound/usb/helper.c
+++ b/sound/usb/helper.c
@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer.c b/sound/usb/mixer.c
index e003b5e7b01a..c703f8534b07 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
 *
@@ -8,22 +9,6 @@
 *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
 *          Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
 *          Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
index 71069e110897..73baf398c84a 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
@@ -1,22 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   Additional mixer mapping
 *
 *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 struct usbmix_dB_map {
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
index a751a18ca4c2..1f6011f36bb0 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   USB Audio Driver for ALSA
 *
@@ -11,20 +12,6 @@
 *
 *   Audio Advantage Micro II support added by:
 *          Przemek Rudy (prudy1@o2.pl)
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/hid.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/pcm.c b/sound/usb/pcm.c
index 5d8494b2a026..75b96929f76c 100644
--- a/sound/usb/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/usb/pcm.c
@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/proc.c b/sound/usb/proc.c
index ef9190530fd2..49e3f176aaf5 100644
--- a/sound/usb/proc.c
+++ b/sound/usb/proc.c
@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
index 5600143ff660..9e049f60e80e 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * ALSA USB Audio Driver
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>,
 *                       Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- *
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /*
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.c b/sound/usb/quirks.c
index e6ce1bbe6ca6..cf5cff10c08e 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.c
@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/stream.c b/sound/usb/stream.c
index 9f1623e37fb3..7ee9d17d0143 100644
--- a/sound/usb/stream.c
+++ b/sound/usb/stream.c
@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbaudio.h b/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
index 0968a45c8925..feb30f9c1716 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
+++ b/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 #ifndef __USBAUDIO_H
 #define __USBAUDIO_H
 /*
 *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
 *
 *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /* handling of USB vendor/product ID pairs as 32-bit numbers */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usX2Yhwdep.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usX2Yhwdep.c
index bfe1108416cf..d1caa8ed9e68 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usX2Yhwdep.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usX2Yhwdep.c
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * Driver for Tascam US-X2Y USB soundcards
 *
 * FPGA Loader + ALSA Startup
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Karsten Wiese <annabellesgarden@yahoo.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbus428ctldefs.h b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbus428ctldefs.h
index b864e7e262e5..5a7518ea3aeb 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbus428ctldefs.h
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbus428ctldefs.h
@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Karsten Wiese <annabellesgarden@yahoo.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 enum E_In84{
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
index e8687b3bd3c8..c54158146917 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 * usbusy2y.c - ALSA USB US-428 Driver
 *
@@ -114,20 +115,6 @@
        The firmware has been sniffed from win2k us-428 driver 3.09.
 *   Copyright (c) 2002 - 2004 Karsten Wiese
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
index 58974d094b27..89fa287678fc 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
 *   US-X2Y AUDIO
 *   Copyright (c) 2002-2004 by Karsten Wiese
@@ -13,21 +14,6 @@
 *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by 
 *          Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
 *          Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2y.h b/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2y.h
index 7e59263dd895..780071ddd902 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2y.h
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2y.h
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
 /*
 * Driver for Tascam US-X2Y USB soundcards
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 by Karsten Wiese <annabellesgarden@yahoo.de>
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 #ifndef __SOUND_USX2Y_COMMON_H
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2yhwdeppcm.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2yhwdeppcm.c
index ace8185c3f6d..ac8960b6b299 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2yhwdeppcm.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usx2yhwdeppcm.c
@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 /*
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 /* USX2Y "rawusb" aka hwdep_pcm implementation