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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-11-13 15:18:10 -0500
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-11-13 15:18:10 -0500
commit6098850e7e6978f95a958f79a645a653228d0002 (patch)
tree42e347ddd93cef05099b93157c32b80593572f02
parentf08d8bcc12de5a153e587027e77de83662eefb8a (diff)
parent72bc286b81d21404cdfecddf76b64c7163aac764 (diff)
Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes in this cycle are: - Documentation updates - RCU CPU stall-warning updates - Torture-test updates - Miscellaneous fixes Size wise the biggest updates are to documentation. Excluding documentation most of the code increase comes from a single commit which expands debugging" * 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits) srcu: Add parameters to SRCU docbook comments doc: Rewrite confusing statement about memory barriers memory-barriers.txt: Fix typo in pairing example rcu/segcblist: Include rcupdate.h rcu: Add extended-quiescent-state testing advice rcu: Suppress lockdep false-positive ->boost_mtx complaints rcu: Do not include rtmutex_common.h unconditionally torture: Provide TMPDIR environment variable to specify tmpdir rcutorture: Dump writer stack if stalled rcutorture: Add interrupt-disable capability to stall-warning tests rcu: Suppress RCU CPU stall warnings while dumping trace rcu: Turn off tracing before dumping trace rcu: Make RCU CPU stall warnings check for irq-disabled CPUs sched,rcu: Make cond_resched() provide RCU quiescent state sched: Make resched_cpu() unconditional irq_work: Map irq_work_on_queue() to irq_work_on() in !SMP rcu: Create call_rcu_tasks() kthread at boot time rcu: Fix up pending cbs check in rcu_prepare_for_idle memory-barriers: Rework multicopy-atomicity section memory-barriers: Replace uses of "transitive" ...
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-rw-r--r--Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html9
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html707
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35 files changed, 14598 insertions, 256 deletions
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1<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
3 <html>
4 <head><title>A Diagram of TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
5 <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
6
7<p><img src="TreeRCU-gp.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp.svg">
8
9</body></html>
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
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1<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
3 <html>
4 <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
5 <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
6
7 <p>August 8, 2017</p>
8 <p>This article was contributed by Paul E.&nbsp;McKenney</p>
9
10<h3>Introduction</h3>
11
12<p>This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's
13grace-period memory ordering guarantee is provided.
14
15<ol>
16<li> <a href="#What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
17 What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a>
18<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
19 Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a>
20<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
21 Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a>
22<li> <a href="#Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a>
23</ol>
24
25<h3><a name="What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
26What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a></h3>
27
28<p>RCU grace periods provide extremely strong memory-ordering guarantees
29for non-idle non-offline code.
30Any code that happens after the end of a given RCU grace period is guaranteed
31to see the effects of all accesses prior to the beginning of that grace
32period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
33Similarly, any code that happens before the beginning of a given RCU grace
34period is guaranteed to see the effects of all accesses following the end
35of that grace period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
36
37<p>This guarantee is particularly pervasive for <tt>synchronize_sched()</tt>,
38for which RCU-sched read-side critical sections include any region
39of code for which preemption is disabled.
40Given that each individual machine instruction can be thought of as
41an extremely small region of preemption-disabled code, one can think of
42<tt>synchronize_sched()</tt> as <tt>smp_mb()</tt> on steroids.
43
44<p>RCU updaters use this guarantee by splitting their updates into
45two phases, one of which is executed before the grace period and
46the other of which is executed after the grace period.
47In the most common use case, phase one removes an element from
48a linked RCU-protected data structure, and phase two frees that element.
49For this to work, any readers that have witnessed state prior to the
50phase-one update (in the common case, removal) must not witness state
51following the phase-two update (in the common case, freeing).
52
53<p>The RCU implementation provides this guarantee using a network
54of lock-based critical sections, memory barriers, and per-CPU
55processing, as is described in the following sections.
56
57<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
58Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a></h3>
59
60<p>The workhorse for RCU's grace-period memory ordering is the
61critical section for the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
62<tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
63These critical sections use helper functions for lock acquisition, including
64<tt>raw_spin_lock_rcu_node()</tt>,
65<tt>raw_spin_lock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
66<tt>raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node()</tt>.
67Their lock-release counterparts are
68<tt>raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node()</tt>,
69<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
70<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()</tt>,
71respectively.
72For completeness, a
73<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>
74is also provided.
75The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including
76<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>, all invoke
77<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> immediately after successful
78acquisition of the lock.
79
80<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> struction, any access
81happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen
82by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later
83one of the above lock-acquisition functions.
84Furthermore, any access happening before one of the
85above lock-release function on any given CPU will be seen by all
86CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later one
87of the above lock-acquisition functions executing on that same CPU,
88even if the lock-release and lock-acquisition functions are operating
89on different <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
90Tree RCU uses these two ordering guarantees to form an ordering
91network among all CPUs that were in any way involved in the grace
92period, including any CPUs that came online or went offline during
93the grace period in question.
94
95<p>The following litmus test exhibits the ordering effects of these
96lock-acquisition and lock-release functions:
97
98<pre>
99 1 int x, y, z;
100 2
101 3 void task0(void)
102 4 {
103 5 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
104 6 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
105 7 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
106 8 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
107 9 }
10810
10911 void task1(void)
11012 {
11113 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
11214 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
11315 r2 = READ_ONCE(z);
11416 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
11517 }
11618
11719 void task2(void)
11820 {
11921 WRITE_ONCE(z, 1);
12022 smp_mb();
12123 r3 = READ_ONCE(x);
12224 }
12325
12426 WARN_ON(r1 == 0 &amp;&amp; r2 == 0 &amp;&amp; r3 == 0);
125</pre>
126
127<p>The <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> is evaluated at &ldquo;the end of time&rdquo;,
128after all changes have propagated throughout the system.
129Without the <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> provided by the
130acquisition functions, this <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> could trigger, for example
131on PowerPC.
132The <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> invocations prevent this
133<tt>WARN_ON()</tt> from triggering.
134
135<p>This approach must be extended to include idle CPUs, which need
136RCU's grace-period memory ordering guarantee to extend to any
137RCU read-side critical sections preceding and following the current
138idle sojourn.
139This case is handled by calls to the strongly ordered
140<tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> read-modify-write atomic operation that
141is invoked within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()</tt> at idle-entry
142time and within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()</tt> at idle-exit time.
143The grace-period kthread invokes <tt>rcu_dynticks_snap()</tt> and
144<tt>rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()</tt> (both of which invoke
145an <tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> of zero) to detect idle CPUs.
146
147<table>
148<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
149<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
150<tr><td>
151 But what about CPUs that remain offline for the entire
152 grace period?
153</td></tr>
154<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
155<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
156 Such CPUs will be offline at the beginning of the grace period,
157 so the grace period won't expect quiescent states from them.
158 Races between grace-period start and CPU-hotplug operations
159 are mediated by the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
160 <tt>-&gt;lock</tt> as described above.
161</font></td></tr>
162<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
163</table>
164
165<p>The approach must be extended to handle one final case, that
166of waking a task blocked in <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>.
167This task might be affinitied to a CPU that is not yet aware that
168the grace period has ended, and thus might not yet be subject to
169the grace period's memory ordering.
170Therefore, there is an <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
171<tt>wait_for_completion()</tt> in the <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>
172code path.
173
174<table>
175<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
176<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
177<tr><td>
178 What? Where???
179 I don't see any <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
180 <tt>wait_for_completion()</tt>!!!
181</td></tr>
182<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
183<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
184 That would be because I spotted the need for that
185 <tt>smp_mb()</tt> during the creation of this documentation,
186 and it is therefore unlikely to hit mainline before v4.14.
187 Kudos to Lance Roy, Will Deacon, Peter Zijlstra, and
188 Jonathan Cameron for asking questions that sensitized me
189 to the rather elaborate sequence of events that demonstrate
190 the need for this memory barrier.
191</font></td></tr>
192<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
193</table>
194
195<p>Tree RCU's grace--period memory-ordering guarantees rely most
196heavily on the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>
197field, so much so that it is necessary to abbreviate this pattern
198in the diagrams in the next section.
199For example, consider the <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> function
200shown below, which is one of several functions that enforce ordering
201of newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods:
202
203<pre>
204 1 static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void)
205 2 {
206 3 bool needwake;
207 4 struct rcu_data *rdp;
208 5 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = this_cpu_ptr(&amp;rcu_dynticks);
209 6 struct rcu_node *rnp;
210 7 struct rcu_state *rsp;
211 8 int tne;
212 9
21310 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL) ||
21411 rcu_is_nocb_cpu(smp_processor_id()))
21512 return;
21613 tne = READ_ONCE(tick_nohz_active);
21714 if (tne != rdtp-&gt;tick_nohz_enabled_snap) {
21815 if (rcu_cpu_has_callbacks(NULL))
21916 invoke_rcu_core();
22017 rdtp-&gt;tick_nohz_enabled_snap = tne;
22118 return;
22219 }
22320 if (!tne)
22421 return;
22522 if (rdtp-&gt;all_lazy &amp;&amp;
22623 rdtp-&gt;nonlazy_posted != rdtp-&gt;nonlazy_posted_snap) {
22724 rdtp-&gt;all_lazy = false;
22825 rdtp-&gt;nonlazy_posted_snap = rdtp-&gt;nonlazy_posted;
22926 invoke_rcu_core();
23027 return;
23128 }
23229 if (rdtp-&gt;last_accelerate == jiffies)
23330 return;
23431 rdtp-&gt;last_accelerate = jiffies;
23532 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
23633 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp-&gt;rda);
23734 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&amp;rdp-&gt;cblist))
23835 continue;
23936 rnp = rdp-&gt;mynode;
24037 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
24138 needwake = rcu_accelerate_cbs(rsp, rnp, rdp);
24239 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
24340 if (needwake)
24441 rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp);
24542 }
24643 }
247</pre>
248
249<p>But the only part of <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> that really
250matters for this discussion are lines&nbsp;37&ndash;39.
251We will therefore abbreviate this function as follows:
252
253</p><p><img src="rcu_node-lock.svg" alt="rcu_node-lock.svg">
254
255<p>The box represents the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>
256critical section, with the double line on top representing the additional
257<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt>.
258
259<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
260Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a></h3>
261
262<p>Tree RCU's grace-period memory-ordering guarantee is provided by
263a number of RCU components:
264
265<ol>
266<li> <a href="#Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a>
267<li> <a href="#Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a>
268<li> <a href="#Self-Reported Quiescent States">
269 Self-Reported Quiescent States</a>
270<li> <a href="#Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a>
271<li> <a href="#CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a>
272<li> <a href="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a>
273<li> <a href="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a>
274<li> <a href="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a>
275</ol>
276
277<p>Each of the following section looks at the corresponding component
278in detail.
279
280<h4><a name="Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a></h4>
281
282<p>If RCU's grace-period guarantee is to mean anything at all, any
283access that happens before a given invocation of <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
284must also happen before the corresponding grace period.
285The implementation of this portion of RCU's grace period guarantee
286is shown in the following figure:
287
288</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg">
289
290<p>Because <tt>call_rcu()</tt> normally acts only on CPU-local state,
291it provides no ordering guarantees, either for itself or for
292phase one of the update (which again will usually be removal of
293an element from an RCU-protected data structure).
294It simply enqueues the <tt>rcu_head</tt> structure on a per-CPU list,
295which cannot become associated with a grace period until a later
296call to <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>, as shown in the diagram above.
297
298<p>One set of code paths shown on the left invokes
299<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
300<tt>note_gp_changes()</tt>, either directly from <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (if
301the current CPU is inundated with queued <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures)
302or more likely from an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler.
303Another code path in the middle is taken only in kernels built with
304<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>, which invokes
305<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt>.
306The final code path on the right is taken only in kernels built with
307<tt>CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y</tt>, which invokes
308<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
309<tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>, <tt>rcu_migrate_callbacks</tt>,
310<tt>rcutree_migrate_callbacks()</tt>, and <tt>takedown_cpu()</tt>,
311which in turn is invoked on a surviving CPU after the outgoing
312CPU has been completely offlined.
313
314<p>There are a few other code paths within grace-period processing
315that opportunistically invoke <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>.
316However, either way, all of the CPU's recently queued <tt>rcu_head</tt>
317structures are associated with a future grace-period number under
318the protection of the CPU's lead <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
319<tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
320In all cases, there is full ordering against any prior critical section
321for that same <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>, and
322also full ordering against any of the current task's or CPU's prior critical
323sections for any <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
324
325<p>The next section will show how this ordering ensures that any
326accesses prior to the <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (particularly including phase
327one of the update)
328happen before the start of the corresponding grace period.
329
330<table>
331<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
332<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
333<tr><td>
334 But what about <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>?
335</td></tr>
336<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
337<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
338 The <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> passes <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
339 to <tt>wait_rcu_gp()</tt>, which invokes it.
340 So either way, it eventually comes down to <tt>call_rcu()</tt>.
341</font></td></tr>
342<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
343</table>
344
345<h4><a name="Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a></h4>
346
347<p>Grace-period initialization is carried out by
348the grace-period kernel thread, which makes several passes over the
349<tt>rcu_node</tt> tree within the <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> function.
350This means that showing the full flow of ordering through the
351grace-period computation will require duplicating this tree.
352If you find this confusing, please note that the state of the
353<tt>rcu_node</tt> changes over time, just like Heraclitus's river.
354However, to keep the <tt>rcu_node</tt> river tractable, the
355grace-period kernel thread's traversals are presented in multiple
356parts, starting in this section with the various phases of
357grace-period initialization.
358
359<p>The first ordering-related grace-period initialization action is to
360increment the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;gpnum</tt>
361grace-period-number counter, as shown below:
362
363</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
364
365<p>The actual increment is carried out using <tt>smp_store_release()</tt>,
366which helps reject false-positive RCU CPU stall detection.
367Note that only the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure is touched.
368
369<p>The first pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree updates bitmasks
370based on CPUs having come online or gone offline since the start of
371the previous grace period.
372In the common case where the number of online CPUs for this <tt>rcu_node</tt>
373structure has not transitioned to or from zero,
374this pass will scan only the leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
375However, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
376structure has transitioned from zero,
377<tt>rcu_init_new_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the first incoming CPU.
378Similarly, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
379structure has transitioned to zero,
380<tt>rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the last outgoing CPU.
381The diagram below shows the path of ordering if the leftmost
382<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure onlines its first CPU and if the next
383<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs
384(or, alternatively if the leftmost <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure offlines
385its last CPU and if the next <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs).
386
387</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
388
389<p>The final <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
390tree traverses breadth-first, setting each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
391<tt>-&gt;gpnum</tt> field to the newly incremented value from the
392<tt>rcu_state</tt> structure, as shown in the following diagram.
393
394</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
395
396<p>This change will also cause each CPU's next call to
397<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
398to notice that a new grace period has started, as described in the next
399section.
400But because the grace-period kthread started the grace period at the
401root (with the increment of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
402<tt>-&gt;gpnum</tt> field) before setting each leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
403structure's <tt>-&gt;gpnum</tt> field, each CPU's observation of
404the start of the grace period will happen after the actual start
405of the grace period.
406
407<table>
408<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
409<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
410<tr><td>
411 But what about the CPU that started the grace period?
412 Why wouldn't it see the start of the grace period right when
413 it started that grace period?
414</td></tr>
415<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
416<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
417 In some deep philosophical and overly anthromorphized
418 sense, yes, the CPU starting the grace period is immediately
419 aware of having done so.
420 However, if we instead assume that RCU is not self-aware,
421 then even the CPU starting the grace period does not really
422 become aware of the start of this grace period until its
423 first call to <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
424 On the other hand, this CPU potentially gets early notification
425 because it invokes <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> during its
426 last <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through its leaf
427 <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
428</font></td></tr>
429<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
430</table>
431
432<h4><a name="Self-Reported Quiescent States">
433Self-Reported Quiescent States</a></h4>
434
435<p>When all entities that might block the grace period have reported
436quiescent states (or as described in a later section, had quiescent
437states reported on their behalf), the grace period can end.
438Online non-idle CPUs report their own quiescent states, as shown
439in the following diagram:
440
441</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-qs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-qs.svg" width="75%">
442
443<p>This is for the last CPU to report a quiescent state, which signals
444the end of the grace period.
445Earlier quiescent states would push up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
446only until they encountered an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that
447is waiting for additional quiescent states.
448However, ordering is nevertheless preserved because some later quiescent
449state will acquire that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
450
451<p>Any number of events can lead up to a CPU invoking
452<tt>note_gp_changes</tt> (or alternatively, directly invoking
453<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>), at which point that CPU will notice
454the start of a new grace period while holding its leaf
455<tt>rcu_node</tt> lock.
456Therefore, all execution shown in this diagram happens after the
457start of the grace period.
458In addition, this CPU will consider any RCU read-side critical
459section that started before the invocation of <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
460to have started before the grace period, and thus a critical
461section that the grace period must wait on.
462
463<table>
464<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
465<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
466<tr><td>
467 But a RCU read-side critical section might have started
468 after the beginning of the grace period
469 (the <tt>-&gt;gpnum++</tt> from earlier), so why should
470 the grace period wait on such a critical section?
471</td></tr>
472<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
473<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
474 It is indeed not necessary for the grace period to wait on such
475 a critical section.
476 However, it is permissible to wait on it.
477 And it is furthermore important to wait on it, as this
478 lazy approach is far more scalable than a &ldquo;big bang&rdquo;
479 all-at-once grace-period start could possibly be.
480</font></td></tr>
481<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
482</table>
483
484<p>If the CPU does a context switch, a quiescent state will be
485noted by <tt>rcu_node_context_switch()</tt> on the left.
486On the other hand, if the CPU takes a scheduler-clock interrupt
487while executing in usermode, a quiescent state will be noted by
488<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on the right.
489Either way, the passage through a quiescent state will be noted
490in a per-CPU variable.
491
492<p>The next time an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler executes on
493this CPU (for example, after the next scheduler-clock
494interrupt), <tt>__rcu_process_callbacks()</tt> will invoke
495<tt>rcu_check_quiescent_state()</tt>, which will notice the
496recorded quiescent state, and invoke
497<tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt>.
498If <tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt> verifies that the quiescent state
499really does apply to the current grace period, it invokes
500<tt>rcu_report_rnp()</tt> which traverses up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
501tree as shown at the bottom of the diagram, clearing bits from
502each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;qsmask</tt> field,
503and propagating up the tree when the result is zero.
504
505<p>Note that traversal passes upwards out of a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
506structure only if the current CPU is reporting the last quiescent
507state for the subtree headed by that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
508A key point is that if a CPU's traversal stops at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
509structure, then there will be a later traversal by another CPU
510(or perhaps the same one) that proceeds upwards
511from that point, and the <tt>rcu_node</tt> <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>
512guarantees that the first CPU's quiescent state happens before the
513remainder of the second CPU's traversal.
514Applying this line of thought repeatedly shows that all CPUs'
515quiescent states happen before the last CPU traverses through
516the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, the &ldquo;last CPU&rdquo;
517being the one that clears the last bit in the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
518structure's <tt>-&gt;qsmask</tt> field.
519
520<h4><a name="Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a></h4>
521
522<p>Due to energy-efficiency considerations, RCU is forbidden from
523disturbing idle CPUs.
524CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU when entering or leaving idle
525state, which they do via fully ordered value-returning atomic operations
526on a per-CPU variable.
527The ordering effects are as shown below:
528
529</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" alt="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" width="50%">
530
531<p>The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples the per-CPU idleness
532variable while holding the corresponding CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
533structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt>.
534This means that any RCU read-side critical sections that precede the
535idle period (the oval near the top of the diagram above) will happen
536before the end of the current grace period.
537Similarly, the beginning of the current grace period will happen before
538any RCU read-side critical sections that follow the
539idle period (the oval near the bottom of the diagram above).
540
541<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
542<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
543
544<h4><a name="CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a></h4>
545
546<p>RCU is also forbidden from disturbing offline CPUs, which might well
547be powered off and removed from the system completely.
548CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU of their comings and goings
549as part of the corresponding CPU hotplug operations.
550The ordering effects are shown below:
551
552</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" alt="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" width="50%">
553
554<p>Because CPU hotplug operations are much less frequent than idle transitions,
555they are heavier weight, and thus acquire the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
556structure's <tt>-&gt;lock</tt> and update this structure's
557<tt>-&gt;qsmaskinitnext</tt>.
558The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples this mask to detect CPUs
559having gone offline since the beginning of this grace period.
560
561<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
562<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
563
564<h4><a name="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a></h4>
565
566<p>As noted above, idle and offline CPUs cannot report their own
567quiescent states, and therefore the grace-period kernel thread
568must do the reporting on their behalf.
569This process is called &ldquo;forcing quiescent states&rdquo;, it is
570repeated every few jiffies, and its ordering effects are shown below:
571
572</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" width="100%">
573
574<p>Each pass of quiescent state forcing is guaranteed to traverse the
575leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures, and if there are no new quiescent
576states due to recently idled and/or offlined CPUs, then only the
577leaves are traversed.
578However, if there is a newly offlined CPU as illustrated on the left
579or a newly idled CPU as illustrated on the right, the corresponding
580quiescent state will be driven up towards the root.
581As with self-reported quiescent states, the upwards driving stops
582once it reaches an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that has quiescent
583states outstanding from other CPUs.
584
585<table>
586<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
587<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
588<tr><td>
589 The leftmost drive to root stopped before it reached
590 the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, which means that
591 there are still CPUs subordinate to that structure on
592 which the current grace period is waiting.
593 Given that, how is it possible that the rightmost drive
594 to root ended the grace period?
595</td></tr>
596<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
597<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
598 Good analysis!
599 It is in fact impossible in the absence of bugs in RCU.
600 But this diagram is complex enough as it is, so simplicity
601 overrode accuracy.
602 You can think of it as poetic license, or you can think of
603 it as misdirection that is resolved in the
604 <a href="#Putting It All Together">stitched-together diagram</a>.
605</font></td></tr>
606<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
607</table>
608
609<h4><a name="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a></h4>
610
611<p>Grace-period cleanup first scans the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
612breadth-first setting all the <tt>-&gt;completed</tt> fields equal
613to the number of the newly completed grace period, then it sets
614the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;completed</tt> field,
615again to the number of the newly completed grace period.
616The ordering effects are shown below:
617
618</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" width="75%">
619
620<p>As indicated by the oval at the bottom of the diagram, once
621grace-period cleanup is complete, the next grace period can begin.
622
623<table>
624<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
625<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
626<tr><td>
627 But when precisely does the grace period end?
628</td></tr>
629<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
630<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
631 There is no useful single point at which the grace period
632 can be said to end.
633 The earliest reasonable candidate is as soon as the last
634 CPU has reported its quiescent state, but it may be some
635 milliseconds before RCU becomes aware of this.
636 The latest reasonable candidate is once the <tt>rcu_state</tt>
637 structure's <tt>-&gt;completed</tt> field has been updated,
638 but it is quite possible that some CPUs have already completed
639 phase two of their updates by that time.
640 In short, if you are going to work with RCU, you need to
641 learn to embrace uncertainty.
642</font></td></tr>
643<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
644</table>
645
646
647<h4><a name="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a></h4>
648
649<p>Once a given CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
650<tt>-&gt;completed</tt> field has been updated, that CPU can begin
651invoking its RCU callbacks that were waiting for this grace period
652to end.
653These callbacks are identified by <tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>,
654which is usually invoked by <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
655As shown in the diagram below, this invocation can be triggered by
656the scheduling-clock interrupt (<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on
657the left) or by idle entry (<tt>rcu_cleanup_after_idle()</tt> on
658the right, but only for kernels build with
659<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>).
660Either way, <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> is raised, which results in
661<tt>rcu_do_batch()</tt> invoking the callbacks, which in turn
662allows those callbacks to carry out (either directly or indirectly
663via wakeup) the needed phase-two processing for each update.
664
665</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" width="60%">
666
667<p>Please note that callback invocation can also be prompted by any
668number of corner-case code paths, for example, when a CPU notes that
669it has excessive numbers of callbacks queued.
670In all cases, the CPU acquires its leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
671<tt>-&gt;lock</tt> before invoking callbacks, which preserves the
672required ordering against the newly completed grace period.
673
674<p>However, if the callback function communicates to other CPUs,
675for example, doing a wakeup, then it is that function's responsibility
676to maintain ordering.
677For example, if the callback function wakes up a task that runs on
678some other CPU, proper ordering must in place in both the callback
679function and the task being awakened.
680To see why this is important, consider the top half of the
681<a href="#Grace-Period Cleanup">grace-period cleanup</a> diagram.
682The callback might be running on a CPU corresponding to the leftmost
683leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and awaken a task that is to run on
684a CPU corresponding to the rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure,
685and the grace-period kernel thread might not yet have reached the
686rightmost leaf.
687In this case, the grace period's memory ordering might not yet have
688reached that CPU, so again the callback function and the awakened
689task must supply proper ordering.
690
691<h3><a name="Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a></h3>
692
693<p>A stitched-together diagram is
694<a href="Tree-RCU-Diagram.html">here</a>.
695
696<h3><a name="Legal Statement">
697Legal Statement</a></h3>
698
699<p>This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily
700represent the view of IBM.
701
702</p><p>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
703
704</p><p>Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or
705service marks of others.
706
707</body></html>
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index 000000000000..7ddc094d7f28
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-hotplug.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-hotplug.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c9310ba29ba
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index 96a3d81837e1..a08f928c8557 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ o Booting Linux using a console connection that is too slow to
40o Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running. 40o Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running.
41 This can result in the "All QSes seen" console-log message. 41 This can result in the "All QSes seen" console-log message.
42 This message will include information on when the kthread last 42 This message will include information on when the kthread last
43 ran and how often it should be expected to run. 43 ran and how often it should be expected to run. It can also
44 result in the "rcu_.*kthread starved for" console-log message,
45 which will include additional debugging information.
44 46
45o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT kernel, which might 47o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT kernel, which might
46 happen to preempt a low-priority task in the middle of an RCU 48 happen to preempt a low-priority task in the middle of an RCU
@@ -60,6 +62,20 @@ o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT kernel that
60 CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU case, you might see stall-warning 62 CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU case, you might see stall-warning
61 messages. 63 messages.
62 64
65o A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time
66 interval between successive pairs of interrupts. This can
67 prevent RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers from running.
68 Note that certain high-overhead debugging options, for example
69 the function_graph tracer, can result in interrupt handler taking
70 considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in
71 RCU CPU stall warnings.
72
73o Testing a workload on a fast system, tuning the stall-warning
74 timeout down to just barely avoid RCU CPU stall warnings, and then
75 running the same workload with the same stall-warning timeout on a
76 slow system. Note that thermal throttling and on-demand governors
77 can cause a single system to be sometimes fast and sometimes slow!
78
63o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock 79o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock
64 interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This 80 interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This
65 problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to 81 problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to
@@ -155,67 +171,32 @@ Interpreting RCU's CPU Stall-Detector "Splats"
155For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that it is stalling, 171For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that it is stalling,
156it will print a message similar to the following: 172it will print a message similar to the following:
157 173
158INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=2500 jiffies) 174 INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
159 175 2-...: (3 GPs behind) idle=06c/0/0 softirq=1453/1455 fqs=0
160This message indicates that CPU 5 detected that it was causing a stall, 176 16-...: (0 ticks this GP) idle=81c/0/0 softirq=764/764 fqs=0
161and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be 177 (detected by 32, t=2603 jiffies, g=7073, c=7072, q=625)
162followed by a stack dump of the offending CPU. On TREE_RCU kernel builds,
163RCU and RCU-sched are implemented by the same underlying mechanism,
164while on PREEMPT_RCU kernel builds, RCU is instead implemented
165by rcu_preempt_state.
166
167On the other hand, if the offending CPU fails to print out a stall-warning
168message quickly enough, some other CPU will print a message similar to
169the following:
170
171INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 3 5 } (detected by 2, 2502 jiffies)
172 178
173This message indicates that CPU 2 detected that CPUs 3 and 5 were both 179This message indicates that CPU 32 detected that CPUs 2 and 16 were both
174causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-bh. This message 180causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message
175will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that 181will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that
176PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, 182PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that
177and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". 183the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even
178It is even possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both 184possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and-
179CPUs -and- tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all 185tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called
180be called out in the list. 186out in the list.
181
182Finally, if the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts
183printing, there will be a spurious stall-warning message:
184
185INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { } (detected by 4, 2502 jiffies)
186
187This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
188possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
189on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
190interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
191sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
192which is overkill for this sort of problem.
193
194Recent kernels will print a long form of the stall-warning message:
195
196 INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
197 0: (63959 ticks this GP) idle=241/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543
198 (t=65000 jiffies)
199
200In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed:
201
202 INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
203 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
204 (t=65000 jiffies)
205 187
206The "(64628 ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has taken more 188CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with
207than 64,000 scheduling-clock interrupts during the current stalled 189the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0
208grace period. If the CPU was not yet aware of the current grace 190ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has not taken any scheduling-clock
209period (for example, if it was offline), then this part of the message 191interrupts during the current stalled grace period.
210indicates how many grace periods behind the CPU is.
211 192
212The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state. 193The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state.
213The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 12 bits of the 194The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 12 bits of the
214dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU is 195dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU
215in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex 196is in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
216number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will 197number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will be
217be a small positive number if in the idle loop and a very large positive 198a small non-negative number if in the idle loop (as shown above) and a
218number (as shown above) otherwise. 199very large positive number otherwise.
219 200
220The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq 201The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq
221handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/" 202handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/"
@@ -230,24 +211,72 @@ handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if
230the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt 211the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt
231kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler. 212kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler.
232 213
233For CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ kernels, the "last_accelerate:" prints the 214The "fps=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
234low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the jiffies counter when this CPU last 215detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this
235invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs() from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked 216CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace
236rcu_accelerate_cbs() from rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" 217period.
237prints the number of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to 218
238rcu_needs_cpu(). Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently 219The "detected by" line indicates which CPU detected the stall (in this
239no non-lazy callbacks ("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and 220case, CPU 32), how many jiffies have elapsed since the start of the
240"D" indicates that dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed 221grace period (in this case 2603), the number of the last grace period
241otherwise, for example, if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter). 222to start and to complete (7073 and 7072, respectively), and an estimate
223of the total number of RCU callbacks queued across all CPUs (625 in
224this case).
225
226In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed
227for each CPU:
228
229 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
230
231The "last_accelerate:" prints the low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the
232jiffies counter when this CPU last invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs()
233from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked rcu_accelerate_cbs() from
234rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" prints the number
235of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to rcu_needs_cpu().
236Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently no non-lazy callbacks
237("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and "D" indicates that
238dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed otherwise, for example,
239if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter).
240
241If the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts printing,
242there will be a spurious stall-warning message, which will include
243the following:
244
245 INFO: Stall ended before state dump start
246
247This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
248possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
249on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
250interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
251sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
252which is overkill for this sort of problem.
253
254If all CPUs and tasks have passed through quiescent states, but the
255grace period has nevertheless failed to end, the stall-warning splat
256will include something like the following:
257
258 All QSes seen, last rcu_preempt kthread activity 23807 (4297905177-4297881370), jiffies_till_next_fqs=3, root ->qsmask 0x0
259
260The "23807" indicates that it has been more than 23 thousand jiffies
261since the grace-period kthread ran. The "jiffies_till_next_fqs"
262indicates how frequently that kthread should run, giving the number
263of jiffies between force-quiescent-state scans, in this case three,
264which is way less than 23807. Finally, the root rcu_node structure's
265->qsmask field is printed, which will normally be zero.
242 266
243If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to 267If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to
244the stall warning, the following additional line is printed: 268the stall warning, as was the case in the "All QSes seen" line above,
269the following additional line is printed:
245 270
246 rcu_preempt kthread starved for 2023 jiffies! 271 kthread starved for 23807 jiffies! g7073 c7072 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(3) ->state=0x1
247 272
248Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result in 273Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result
249RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed through 274in RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed
250the required quiescent states. 275through the required quiescent states. The "g" and "c" numbers flag the
276number of the last grace period started and completed, respectively,
277the "f" precedes the ->gp_flags command to the grace-period kthread,
278the "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS" indicates that the kthread is waiting for a short
279timeout, and the "state" precedes value of the task_struct ->state field.
251 280
252 281
253Multiple Warnings From One Stall 282Multiple Warnings From One Stall
@@ -264,13 +293,28 @@ Stall Warnings for Expedited Grace Periods
264If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message 293If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message
265like the following in dmesg: 294like the following in dmesg:
266 295
267 INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs: { 1 2 6 } 26009 jiffies s: 1043 296 INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-... } 21119 jiffies s: 73 root: 0x2/.
268 297
269This indicates that CPUs 1, 2, and 6 have failed to respond to a 298This indicates that CPU 7 has failed to respond to a reschedule IPI.
270reschedule IPI, that the expedited grace period has been going on for 299The three periods (".") following the CPU number indicate that the CPU
27126,009 jiffies, and that the expedited grace-period sequence counter is 300is online (otherwise the first period would instead have been "O"),
2721043. The fact that this last value is odd indicates that an expedited 301that the CPU was online at the beginning of the expedited grace period
273grace period is in flight. 302(otherwise the second period would have instead been "o"), and that
303the CPU has been online at least once since boot (otherwise, the third
304period would instead have been "N"). The number before the "jiffies"
305indicates that the expedited grace period has been going on for 21,119
306jiffies. The number following the "s:" indicates that the expedited
307grace-period sequence counter is 73. The fact that this last value is
308odd indicates that an expedited grace period is in flight. The number
309following "root:" is a bitmask that indicates which children of the root
310rcu_node structure correspond to CPUs and/or tasks that are blocking the
311current expedited grace period. If the tree had more than one level,
312additional hex numbers would be printed for the states of the other
313rcu_node structures in the tree.
314
315As with normal grace periods, PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by
316tasks as well as by CPUs, and that the tasks will be indicated by PID,
317for example, "P3421".
274 318
275It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from 319It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from
276expedited grace periods at about the same time from the same run. 320expedited grace periods at about the same time during the same run.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 55cfff9d59bb..4af4dd46cbd9 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3542,6 +3542,9 @@
3542 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL] 3542 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
3543 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall. 3543 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
3544 3544
3545 rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff= [KNL]
3546 Disable interrupts while stalling if set.
3547
3545 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL] 3548 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
3546 Time (s) between statistics printk()s. 3549 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
3547 3550
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index b759a60624fd..519940ec767f 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ CONTENTS
53 - SMP barrier pairing. 53 - SMP barrier pairing.
54 - Examples of memory barrier sequences. 54 - Examples of memory barrier sequences.
55 - Read memory barriers vs load speculation. 55 - Read memory barriers vs load speculation.
56 - Transitivity 56 - Multicopy atomicity.
57 57
58 (*) Explicit kernel barriers. 58 (*) Explicit kernel barriers.
59 59
@@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ Memory barriers come in four basic varieties:
383 to have any effect on loads. 383 to have any effect on loads.
384 384
385 A CPU can be viewed as committing a sequence of store operations to the 385 A CPU can be viewed as committing a sequence of store operations to the
386 memory system as time progresses. All stores before a write barrier will 386 memory system as time progresses. All stores _before_ a write barrier
387 occur in the sequence _before_ all the stores after the write barrier. 387 will occur _before_ all the stores after the write barrier.
388 388
389 [!] Note that write barriers should normally be paired with read or data 389 [!] Note that write barriers should normally be paired with read or data
390 dependency barriers; see the "SMP barrier pairing" subsection. 390 dependency barriers; see the "SMP barrier pairing" subsection.
@@ -635,6 +635,11 @@ can be used to record rare error conditions and the like, and the CPUs'
635naturally occurring ordering prevents such records from being lost. 635naturally occurring ordering prevents such records from being lost.
636 636
637 637
638Note well that the ordering provided by a data dependency is local to
639the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity" for
640more information.
641
642
638The data dependency barrier is very important to the RCU system, 643The data dependency barrier is very important to the RCU system,
639for example. See rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() in 644for example. See rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() in
640include/linux/rcupdate.h. This permits the current target of an RCU'd 645include/linux/rcupdate.h. This permits the current target of an RCU'd
@@ -851,38 +856,11 @@ In short, control dependencies apply only to the stores in the then-clause
851and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions 856and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions
852invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement. 857invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement.
853 858
854Finally, control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. This is
855demonstrated by two related examples, with the initial values of
856'x' and 'y' both being zero:
857
858 CPU 0 CPU 1
859 ======================= =======================
860 r1 = READ_ONCE(x); r2 = READ_ONCE(y);
861 if (r1 > 0) if (r2 > 0)
862 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
863
864 assert(!(r1 == 1 && r2 == 1));
865 859
866The above two-CPU example will never trigger the assert(). However, 860Note well that the ordering provided by a control dependency is local
867if control dependencies guaranteed transitivity (which they do not), 861to the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity"
868then adding the following CPU would guarantee a related assertion: 862for more information.
869 863
870 CPU 2
871 =====================
872 WRITE_ONCE(x, 2);
873
874 assert(!(r1 == 2 && r2 == 1 && x == 2)); /* FAILS!!! */
875
876But because control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity, the above
877assertion can fail after the combined three-CPU example completes. If you
878need the three-CPU example to provide ordering, you will need smp_mb()
879between the loads and stores in the CPU 0 and CPU 1 code fragments,
880that is, just before or just after the "if" statements. Furthermore,
881the original two-CPU example is very fragile and should be avoided.
882
883These two examples are the LB and WWC litmus tests from this paper:
884http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/pes20/ppc-supplemental/test6.pdf and this
885site: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/ppcmem/index.html.
886 864
887In summary: 865In summary:
888 866
@@ -922,8 +900,8 @@ In summary:
922 900
923 (*) Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers. 901 (*) Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers.
924 902
925 (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. If you 903 (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide multicopy atomicity. If you
926 need transitivity, use smp_mb(). 904 need all the CPUs to see a given store at the same time, use smp_mb().
927 905
928 (*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore 906 (*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore
929 your job to ensure that they do not break your code. 907 your job to ensure that they do not break your code.
@@ -936,13 +914,14 @@ When dealing with CPU-CPU interactions, certain types of memory barrier should
936always be paired. A lack of appropriate pairing is almost certainly an error. 914always be paired. A lack of appropriate pairing is almost certainly an error.
937 915
938General barriers pair with each other, though they also pair with most 916General barriers pair with each other, though they also pair with most
939other types of barriers, albeit without transitivity. An acquire barrier 917other types of barriers, albeit without multicopy atomicity. An acquire
940pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other barriers, 918barrier pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other
941including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs with a data 919barriers, including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs
942dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier, a release 920with a data dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier,
943barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a read barrier, 921a release barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a
944control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs with a write 922read barrier, control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs
945barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a general barrier: 923with a write barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a
924general barrier:
946 925
947 CPU 1 CPU 2 926 CPU 1 CPU 2
948 =============== =============== 927 =============== ===============
@@ -968,7 +947,7 @@ Or even:
968 =============== =============================== 947 =============== ===============================
969 r1 = READ_ONCE(y); 948 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
970 <general barrier> 949 <general barrier>
971 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) { 950 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) {
972 <implicit control dependency> 951 <implicit control dependency>
973 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); 952 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
974 } 953 }
@@ -1359,64 +1338,79 @@ the speculation will be cancelled and the value reloaded:
1359 retrieved : : +-------+ 1338 retrieved : : +-------+
1360 1339
1361 1340
1362TRANSITIVITY 1341MULTICOPY ATOMICITY
1363------------ 1342--------------------
1343
1344Multicopy atomicity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is
1345not always provided by real computer systems, namely that a given store
1346becomes visible at the same time to all CPUs, or, alternatively, that all
1347CPUs agree on the order in which all stores become visible. However,
1348support of full multicopy atomicity would rule out valuable hardware
1349optimizations, so a weaker form called ``other multicopy atomicity''
1350instead guarantees only that a given store becomes visible at the same
1351time to all -other- CPUs. The remainder of this document discusses this
1352weaker form, but for brevity will call it simply ``multicopy atomicity''.
1364 1353
1365Transitivity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is not 1354The following example demonstrates multicopy atomicity:
1366always provided by real computer systems. The following example
1367demonstrates transitivity:
1368 1355
1369 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 1356 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3
1370 ======================= ======================= ======================= 1357 ======================= ======================= =======================
1371 { X = 0, Y = 0 } 1358 { X = 0, Y = 0 }
1372 STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1 1359 STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1)
1373 <general barrier> <general barrier> 1360 <general barrier> <read barrier>
1374 LOAD Y LOAD X 1361 STORE Y=r1 LOAD X
1375 1362
1376Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0. 1363Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1, which it then stores to Y,
1377This indicates that CPU 2's load from X in some sense follows CPU 1's 1364and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1. This indicates that CPU 1's store
1378store to X and that CPU 2's load from Y in some sense preceded CPU 3's 1365to X precedes CPU 2's load from X and that CPU 2's store to Y precedes
1379store to Y. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?" 1366CPU 3's load from Y. In addition, the memory barriers guarantee that
1380 1367CPU 2 executes its load before its store, and CPU 3 loads from Y before
1381Because CPU 2's load from X in some sense came after CPU 1's store, it 1368it loads from X. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?"
1369
1370Because CPU 3's load from X in some sense comes after CPU 2's load, it
1382is natural to expect that CPU 3's load from X must therefore return 1. 1371is natural to expect that CPU 3's load from X must therefore return 1.
1383This expectation is an example of transitivity: if a load executing on 1372This expectation follows from multicopy atomicity: if a load executing
1384CPU A follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU B, then 1373on CPU B follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU A (and
1385CPU A's load must either return the same value that CPU B's load did, 1374CPU A did not originally store the value which it read), then on
1386or must return some later value. 1375multicopy-atomic systems, CPU B's load must return either the same value
1387 1376that CPU A's load did or some later value. However, the Linux kernel
1388In the Linux kernel, use of general memory barriers guarantees 1377does not require systems to be multicopy atomic.
1389transitivity. Therefore, in the above example, if CPU 2's load from X 1378
1390returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0, then CPU 3's load from X must 1379The use of a general memory barrier in the example above compensates
1391also return 1. 1380for any lack of multicopy atomicity. In the example, if CPU 2's load
1392 1381from X returns 1 and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1, then CPU 3's load
1393However, transitivity is -not- guaranteed for read or write barriers. 1382from X must indeed also return 1.
1394For example, suppose that CPU 2's general barrier in the above example 1383
1395is changed to a read barrier as shown below: 1384However, dependencies, read barriers, and write barriers are not always
1385able to compensate for non-multicopy atomicity. For example, suppose
1386that CPU 2's general barrier is removed from the above example, leaving
1387only the data dependency shown below:
1396 1388
1397 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 1389 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3
1398 ======================= ======================= ======================= 1390 ======================= ======================= =======================
1399 { X = 0, Y = 0 } 1391 { X = 0, Y = 0 }
1400 STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1 1392 STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1)
1401 <read barrier> <general barrier> 1393 <data dependency> <read barrier>
1402 LOAD Y LOAD X 1394 STORE Y=r1 LOAD X (reads 0)
1403 1395
1404This substitution destroys transitivity: in this example, it is perfectly 1396This substitution allows non-multicopy atomicity to run rampant: in
1405legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1, its load from Y to return 0, 1397this example, it is perfectly legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1,
1406and CPU 3's load from X to return 0. 1398CPU 3's load from Y to return 1, and its load from X to return 0.
1407 1399
1408The key point is that although CPU 2's read barrier orders its pair 1400The key point is that although CPU 2's data dependency orders its load
1409of loads, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Therefore, if 1401and store, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Thus, if this
1410this example runs on a system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a store buffer 1402example runs on a non-multicopy-atomic system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a
1411or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's writes. 1403store buffer or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's
1412General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs agree 1404writes. General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs
1413on the combined order of CPU 1's and CPU 2's accesses. 1405agree on the combined order of multiple accesses.
1414 1406
1415General barriers provide "global transitivity", so that all CPUs will 1407General barriers can compensate not only for non-multicopy atomicity,
1416agree on the order of operations. In contrast, a chain of release-acquire 1408but can also generate additional ordering that can ensure that -all-
1417pairs provides only "local transitivity", so that only those CPUs on 1409CPUs will perceive the same order of -all- operations. In contrast, a
1418the chain are guaranteed to agree on the combined order of the accesses. 1410chain of release-acquire pairs do not provide this additional ordering,
1419For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith: 1411which means that only those CPUs on the chain are guaranteed to agree
1412on the combined order of the accesses. For example, switching to C code
1413in deference to the ghost of Herman Hollerith:
1420 1414
1421 int u, v, x, y, z; 1415 int u, v, x, y, z;
1422 1416
@@ -1448,9 +1442,9 @@ For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith:
1448 r3 = READ_ONCE(u); 1442 r3 = READ_ONCE(u);
1449 } 1443 }
1450 1444
1451Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a local transitive 1445Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a chain of
1452chain of smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following 1446smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following outcome
1453outcome is prohibited: 1447is prohibited:
1454 1448
1455 r0 == 1 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 1449 r0 == 1 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1
1456 1450
@@ -1460,9 +1454,9 @@ outcome is prohibited:
1460 1454
1461 r1 == 1 && r5 == 0 1455 r1 == 1 && r5 == 0
1462 1456
1463However, the transitivity of release-acquire is local to the participating 1457However, the ordering provided by a release-acquire chain is local
1464CPUs and does not apply to cpu3(). Therefore, the following outcome 1458to the CPUs participating in that chain and does not apply to cpu3(),
1465is possible: 1459at least aside from stores. Therefore, the following outcome is possible:
1466 1460
1467 r0 == 0 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 0 && r4 == 0 1461 r0 == 0 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 0 && r4 == 0
1468 1462
@@ -1490,8 +1484,8 @@ following outcome is possible:
1490Note that this outcome can happen even on a mythical sequentially 1484Note that this outcome can happen even on a mythical sequentially
1491consistent system where nothing is ever reordered. 1485consistent system where nothing is ever reordered.
1492 1486
1493To reiterate, if your code requires global transitivity, use general 1487To reiterate, if your code requires full ordering of all operations,
1494barriers throughout. 1488use general barriers throughout.
1495 1489
1496 1490
1497======================== 1491========================
@@ -3101,6 +3095,9 @@ AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming
3101 Chapter 7.1: Memory-Access Ordering 3095 Chapter 7.1: Memory-Access Ordering
3102 Chapter 7.4: Buffering and Combining Memory Writes 3096 Chapter 7.4: Buffering and Combining Memory Writes
3103 3097
3098ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8, for ARMv8-A architecture profile)
3099 Chapter B2: The AArch64 Application Level Memory Model
3100
3104IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3: 3101IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3:
3105System Programming Guide 3102System Programming Guide
3106 Chapter 7.1: Locked Atomic Operations 3103 Chapter 7.1: Locked Atomic Operations
@@ -3112,6 +3109,8 @@ The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 9
3112 Appendix D: Formal Specification of the Memory Models 3109 Appendix D: Formal Specification of the Memory Models
3113 Appendix J: Programming with the Memory Models 3110 Appendix J: Programming with the Memory Models
3114 3111
3112Storage in the PowerPC (Stone and Fitzgerald)
3113
3115UltraSPARC Programmer Reference Manual 3114UltraSPARC Programmer Reference Manual
3116 Chapter 5: Memory Accesses and Cacheability 3115 Chapter 5: Memory Accesses and Cacheability
3117 Chapter 15: Sparc-V9 Memory Models 3116 Chapter 15: Sparc-V9 Memory Models
diff --git a/include/linux/irq_work.h b/include/linux/irq_work.h
index 9270d73ea682..0e81035b678f 100644
--- a/include/linux/irq_work.h
+++ b/include/linux/irq_work.h
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ void init_irq_work(struct irq_work *work, void (*func)(struct irq_work *))
34#define DEFINE_IRQ_WORK(name, _f) struct irq_work name = { .func = (_f), } 34#define DEFINE_IRQ_WORK(name, _f) struct irq_work name = { .func = (_f), }
35 35
36bool irq_work_queue(struct irq_work *work); 36bool irq_work_queue(struct irq_work *work);
37
38#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
39bool irq_work_queue_on(struct irq_work *work, int cpu); 37bool irq_work_queue_on(struct irq_work *work, int cpu);
40#endif
41 38
42void irq_work_tick(void); 39void irq_work_tick(void);
43void irq_work_sync(struct irq_work *work); 40void irq_work_sync(struct irq_work *work);
diff --git a/kernel/irq_work.c b/kernel/irq_work.c
index bcf107ce0854..9f20f6c72579 100644
--- a/kernel/irq_work.c
+++ b/kernel/irq_work.c
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ void __weak arch_irq_work_raise(void)
56 */ 56 */
57} 57}
58 58
59#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
60/* 59/*
61 * Enqueue the irq_work @work on @cpu unless it's already pending 60 * Enqueue the irq_work @work on @cpu unless it's already pending
62 * somewhere. 61 * somewhere.
@@ -68,6 +67,8 @@ bool irq_work_queue_on(struct irq_work *work, int cpu)
68 /* All work should have been flushed before going offline */ 67 /* All work should have been flushed before going offline */
69 WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_is_offline(cpu)); 68 WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_is_offline(cpu));
70 69
70#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
71
71 /* Arch remote IPI send/receive backend aren't NMI safe */ 72 /* Arch remote IPI send/receive backend aren't NMI safe */
72 WARN_ON_ONCE(in_nmi()); 73 WARN_ON_ONCE(in_nmi());
73 74
@@ -78,10 +79,12 @@ bool irq_work_queue_on(struct irq_work *work, int cpu)
78 if (llist_add(&work->llnode, &per_cpu(raised_list, cpu))) 79 if (llist_add(&work->llnode, &per_cpu(raised_list, cpu)))
79 arch_send_call_function_single_ipi(cpu); 80 arch_send_call_function_single_ipi(cpu);
80 81
82#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_SMP */
83 irq_work_queue(work);
84#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_SMP */
85
81 return true; 86 return true;
82} 87}
83EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(irq_work_queue_on);
84#endif
85 88
86/* Enqueue the irq work @work on the current CPU */ 89/* Enqueue the irq work @work on the current CPU */
87bool irq_work_queue(struct irq_work *work) 90bool irq_work_queue(struct irq_work *work)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcu.h b/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
index e4b43fef89f5..59c471de342a 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcu.h
@@ -203,6 +203,21 @@ static inline bool __rcu_reclaim(const char *rn, struct rcu_head *head)
203extern int rcu_cpu_stall_suppress; 203extern int rcu_cpu_stall_suppress;
204int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void); 204int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void);
205 205
206#define rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_suppress() \
207do { \
208 if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress) \
209 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 3; \
210} while (0)
211
212#define rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_unsuppress() \
213do { \
214 if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 3) \
215 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0; \
216} while (0)
217
218#else /* #endif #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON */
219#define rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_suppress()
220#define rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_unsuppress()
206#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON */ 221#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON */
207 222
208/* 223/*
@@ -220,8 +235,12 @@ do { \
220 static atomic_t ___rfd_beenhere = ATOMIC_INIT(0); \ 235 static atomic_t ___rfd_beenhere = ATOMIC_INIT(0); \
221 \ 236 \
222 if (!atomic_read(&___rfd_beenhere) && \ 237 if (!atomic_read(&___rfd_beenhere) && \
223 !atomic_xchg(&___rfd_beenhere, 1)) \ 238 !atomic_xchg(&___rfd_beenhere, 1)) { \
239 tracing_off(); \
240 rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_suppress(); \
224 ftrace_dump(oops_dump_mode); \ 241 ftrace_dump(oops_dump_mode); \
242 rcu_ftrace_dump_stall_unsuppress(); \
243 } \
225} while (0) 244} while (0)
226 245
227void rcu_early_boot_tests(void); 246void rcu_early_boot_tests(void);
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c b/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c
index 7649fcd2c4c7..88cba7c2956c 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
23#include <linux/types.h> 23#include <linux/types.h>
24#include <linux/kernel.h> 24#include <linux/kernel.h>
25#include <linux/interrupt.h> 25#include <linux/interrupt.h>
26#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
26 27
27#include "rcu_segcblist.h" 28#include "rcu_segcblist.h"
28 29
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c b/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
index 45f2ffbc1e78..362eb2f78b3c 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
51#include <asm/byteorder.h> 51#include <asm/byteorder.h>
52#include <linux/torture.h> 52#include <linux/torture.h>
53#include <linux/vmalloc.h> 53#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
54#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
54 55
55#include "rcu.h" 56#include "rcu.h"
56 57
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
89torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable."); 90torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
90torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10, 91torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10,
91 "Time to wait before starting stall (s)."); 92 "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
93torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
92torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, 94torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60,
93 "Number of seconds between stats printk()s"); 95 "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
94torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test"); 96torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
@@ -1239,6 +1241,7 @@ rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
1239 long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 }; 1241 long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1240 long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 }; 1242 long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1241 static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX; 1243 static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
1244 static bool splatted;
1242 struct task_struct *wtp; 1245 struct task_struct *wtp;
1243 1246
1244 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { 1247 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
@@ -1324,6 +1327,10 @@ rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
1324 gpnum, completed, flags, 1327 gpnum, completed, flags,
1325 wtp == NULL ? ~0UL : wtp->state, 1328 wtp == NULL ? ~0UL : wtp->state,
1326 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp)); 1329 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
1330 if (!splatted && wtp) {
1331 sched_show_task(wtp);
1332 splatted = true;
1333 }
1327 show_rcu_gp_kthreads(); 1334 show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1328 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL); 1335 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1329 } 1336 }
@@ -1357,7 +1364,7 @@ rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
1357 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d " 1364 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
1358 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d " 1365 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
1359 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d " 1366 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
1360 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d " 1367 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
1361 "n_barrier_cbs=%d " 1368 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
1362 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d\n", 1369 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d\n",
1363 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters, 1370 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
@@ -1365,7 +1372,7 @@ rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
1365 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter, 1372 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
1366 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost, 1373 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
1367 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs, 1374 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
1368 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, 1375 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
1369 n_barrier_cbs, 1376 n_barrier_cbs,
1370 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff); 1377 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff);
1371} 1378}
@@ -1430,12 +1437,19 @@ static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
1430 if (!kthread_should_stop()) { 1437 if (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1431 stop_at = get_seconds() + stall_cpu; 1438 stop_at = get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
1432 /* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */ 1439 /* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
1433 pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall start.\n");
1434 rcu_read_lock(); 1440 rcu_read_lock();
1435 preempt_disable(); 1441 if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
1442 local_irq_disable();
1443 else
1444 preempt_disable();
1445 pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall start on CPU %d.\n",
1446 smp_processor_id());
1436 while (ULONG_CMP_LT(get_seconds(), stop_at)) 1447 while (ULONG_CMP_LT(get_seconds(), stop_at))
1437 continue; /* Induce RCU CPU stall warning. */ 1448 continue; /* Induce RCU CPU stall warning. */
1438 preempt_enable(); 1449 if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
1450 local_irq_enable();
1451 else
1452 preempt_enable();
1439 rcu_read_unlock(); 1453 rcu_read_unlock();
1440 pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall end.\n"); 1454 pr_alert("rcu_torture_stall end.\n");
1441 } 1455 }
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 3e3650e94ae6..e4fe06d42385 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ module_param(rcu_kick_kthreads, bool, 0644);
534 * How long the grace period must be before we start recruiting 534 * How long the grace period must be before we start recruiting
535 * quiescent-state help from rcu_note_context_switch(). 535 * quiescent-state help from rcu_note_context_switch().
536 */ 536 */
537static ulong jiffies_till_sched_qs = HZ / 20; 537static ulong jiffies_till_sched_qs = HZ / 10;
538module_param(jiffies_till_sched_qs, ulong, 0644); 538module_param(jiffies_till_sched_qs, ulong, 0444);
539 539
540static bool rcu_start_gp_advanced(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp, 540static bool rcu_start_gp_advanced(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
541 struct rcu_data *rdp); 541 struct rcu_data *rdp);
@@ -837,6 +837,9 @@ static void rcu_eqs_enter(bool user)
837 * We crowbar the ->dynticks_nesting field to zero to allow for 837 * We crowbar the ->dynticks_nesting field to zero to allow for
838 * the possibility of usermode upcalls having messed up our count 838 * the possibility of usermode upcalls having messed up our count
839 * of interrupt nesting level during the prior busy period. 839 * of interrupt nesting level during the prior busy period.
840 *
841 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_idle_enter(), be sure to test with
842 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
840 */ 843 */
841void rcu_idle_enter(void) 844void rcu_idle_enter(void)
842{ 845{
@@ -852,6 +855,9 @@ void rcu_idle_enter(void)
852 * is permitted between this call and rcu_user_exit(). This way the 855 * is permitted between this call and rcu_user_exit(). This way the
853 * CPU doesn't need to maintain the tick for RCU maintenance purposes 856 * CPU doesn't need to maintain the tick for RCU maintenance purposes
854 * when the CPU runs in userspace. 857 * when the CPU runs in userspace.
858 *
859 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_user_enter(), be sure to test with
860 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
855 */ 861 */
856void rcu_user_enter(void) 862void rcu_user_enter(void)
857{ 863{
@@ -875,6 +881,9 @@ void rcu_user_enter(void)
875 * Use things like work queues to work around this limitation. 881 * Use things like work queues to work around this limitation.
876 * 882 *
877 * You have been warned. 883 * You have been warned.
884 *
885 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_irq_exit(), be sure to test with
886 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
878 */ 887 */
879void rcu_irq_exit(void) 888void rcu_irq_exit(void)
880{ 889{
@@ -899,6 +908,9 @@ void rcu_irq_exit(void)
899 908
900/* 909/*
901 * Wrapper for rcu_irq_exit() where interrupts are enabled. 910 * Wrapper for rcu_irq_exit() where interrupts are enabled.
911 *
912 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_irq_exit_irqson(), be sure to test
913 * with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
902 */ 914 */
903void rcu_irq_exit_irqson(void) 915void rcu_irq_exit_irqson(void)
904{ 916{
@@ -971,6 +983,9 @@ static void rcu_eqs_exit(bool user)
971 * allow for the possibility of usermode upcalls messing up our count 983 * allow for the possibility of usermode upcalls messing up our count
972 * of interrupt nesting level during the busy period that is just 984 * of interrupt nesting level during the busy period that is just
973 * now starting. 985 * now starting.
986 *
987 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_idle_exit(), be sure to test with
988 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
974 */ 989 */
975void rcu_idle_exit(void) 990void rcu_idle_exit(void)
976{ 991{
@@ -987,6 +1002,9 @@ void rcu_idle_exit(void)
987 * 1002 *
988 * Exit RCU idle mode while entering the kernel because it can 1003 * Exit RCU idle mode while entering the kernel because it can
989 * run a RCU read side critical section anytime. 1004 * run a RCU read side critical section anytime.
1005 *
1006 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_user_exit(), be sure to test with
1007 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
990 */ 1008 */
991void rcu_user_exit(void) 1009void rcu_user_exit(void)
992{ 1010{
@@ -1012,6 +1030,9 @@ void rcu_user_exit(void)
1012 * Use things like work queues to work around this limitation. 1030 * Use things like work queues to work around this limitation.
1013 * 1031 *
1014 * You have been warned. 1032 * You have been warned.
1033 *
1034 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_irq_enter(), be sure to test with
1035 * CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
1015 */ 1036 */
1016void rcu_irq_enter(void) 1037void rcu_irq_enter(void)
1017{ 1038{
@@ -1037,6 +1058,9 @@ void rcu_irq_enter(void)
1037 1058
1038/* 1059/*
1039 * Wrapper for rcu_irq_enter() where interrupts are enabled. 1060 * Wrapper for rcu_irq_enter() where interrupts are enabled.
1061 *
1062 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_irq_enter_irqson(), be sure to test
1063 * with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
1040 */ 1064 */
1041void rcu_irq_enter_irqson(void) 1065void rcu_irq_enter_irqson(void)
1042{ 1066{
@@ -1055,6 +1079,9 @@ void rcu_irq_enter_irqson(void)
1055 * that the CPU is active. This implementation permits nested NMIs, as 1079 * that the CPU is active. This implementation permits nested NMIs, as
1056 * long as the nesting level does not overflow an int. (You will probably 1080 * long as the nesting level does not overflow an int. (You will probably
1057 * run out of stack space first.) 1081 * run out of stack space first.)
1082 *
1083 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_nmi_enter(), be sure to test
1084 * with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
1058 */ 1085 */
1059void rcu_nmi_enter(void) 1086void rcu_nmi_enter(void)
1060{ 1087{
@@ -1087,6 +1114,9 @@ void rcu_nmi_enter(void)
1087 * RCU-idle period, update rdtp->dynticks and rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting 1114 * RCU-idle period, update rdtp->dynticks and rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting
1088 * to let the RCU grace-period handling know that the CPU is back to 1115 * to let the RCU grace-period handling know that the CPU is back to
1089 * being RCU-idle. 1116 * being RCU-idle.
1117 *
1118 * If you add or remove a call to rcu_nmi_exit(), be sure to test
1119 * with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
1090 */ 1120 */
1091void rcu_nmi_exit(void) 1121void rcu_nmi_exit(void)
1092{ 1122{
@@ -1207,6 +1237,22 @@ static int rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle(void)
1207} 1237}
1208 1238
1209/* 1239/*
1240 * We are reporting a quiescent state on behalf of some other CPU, so
1241 * it is our responsibility to check for and handle potential overflow
1242 * of the rcu_node ->gpnum counter with respect to the rcu_data counters.
1243 * After all, the CPU might be in deep idle state, and thus executing no
1244 * code whatsoever.
1245 */
1246static void rcu_gpnum_ovf(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp)
1247{
1248 lockdep_assert_held(&rnp->lock);
1249 if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rdp->gpnum) + ULONG_MAX / 4, rnp->gpnum))
1250 WRITE_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap, true);
1251 if (ULONG_CMP_LT(rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum + ULONG_MAX / 4, rnp->gpnum))
1252 rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum = rnp->gpnum + ULONG_MAX / 4;
1253}
1254
1255/*
1210 * Snapshot the specified CPU's dynticks counter so that we can later 1256 * Snapshot the specified CPU's dynticks counter so that we can later
1211 * credit them with an implicit quiescent state. Return 1 if this CPU 1257 * credit them with an implicit quiescent state. Return 1 if this CPU
1212 * is in dynticks idle mode, which is an extended quiescent state. 1258 * is in dynticks idle mode, which is an extended quiescent state.
@@ -1216,15 +1262,34 @@ static int dyntick_save_progress_counter(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1216 rdp->dynticks_snap = rcu_dynticks_snap(rdp->dynticks); 1262 rdp->dynticks_snap = rcu_dynticks_snap(rdp->dynticks);
1217 if (rcu_dynticks_in_eqs(rdp->dynticks_snap)) { 1263 if (rcu_dynticks_in_eqs(rdp->dynticks_snap)) {
1218 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("dti")); 1264 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("dti"));
1219 if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rdp->gpnum) + ULONG_MAX / 4, 1265 rcu_gpnum_ovf(rdp->mynode, rdp);
1220 rdp->mynode->gpnum))
1221 WRITE_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap, true);
1222 return 1; 1266 return 1;
1223 } 1267 }
1224 return 0; 1268 return 0;
1225} 1269}
1226 1270
1227/* 1271/*
1272 * Handler for the irq_work request posted when a grace period has
1273 * gone on for too long, but not yet long enough for an RCU CPU
1274 * stall warning. Set state appropriately, but just complain if
1275 * there is unexpected state on entry.
1276 */
1277static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
1278{
1279 struct rcu_data *rdp;
1280 struct rcu_node *rnp;
1281
1282 rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
1283 rnp = rdp->mynode;
1284 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
1285 if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
1286 rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum = rnp->gpnum;
1287 rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
1288 }
1289 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
1290}
1291
1292/*
1228 * Return true if the specified CPU has passed through a quiescent 1293 * Return true if the specified CPU has passed through a quiescent
1229 * state by virtue of being in or having passed through an dynticks 1294 * state by virtue of being in or having passed through an dynticks
1230 * idle state since the last call to dyntick_save_progress_counter() 1295 * idle state since the last call to dyntick_save_progress_counter()
@@ -1235,8 +1300,7 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1235 unsigned long jtsq; 1300 unsigned long jtsq;
1236 bool *rnhqp; 1301 bool *rnhqp;
1237 bool *ruqp; 1302 bool *ruqp;
1238 unsigned long rjtsc; 1303 struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;
1239 struct rcu_node *rnp;
1240 1304
1241 /* 1305 /*
1242 * If the CPU passed through or entered a dynticks idle phase with 1306 * If the CPU passed through or entered a dynticks idle phase with
@@ -1249,34 +1313,25 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1249 if (rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since(rdp->dynticks, rdp->dynticks_snap)) { 1313 if (rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since(rdp->dynticks, rdp->dynticks_snap)) {
1250 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("dti")); 1314 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("dti"));
1251 rdp->dynticks_fqs++; 1315 rdp->dynticks_fqs++;
1316 rcu_gpnum_ovf(rnp, rdp);
1252 return 1; 1317 return 1;
1253 } 1318 }
1254 1319
1255 /* Compute and saturate jiffies_till_sched_qs. */
1256 jtsq = jiffies_till_sched_qs;
1257 rjtsc = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
1258 if (jtsq > rjtsc / 2) {
1259 WRITE_ONCE(jiffies_till_sched_qs, rjtsc);
1260 jtsq = rjtsc / 2;
1261 } else if (jtsq < 1) {
1262 WRITE_ONCE(jiffies_till_sched_qs, 1);
1263 jtsq = 1;
1264 }
1265
1266 /* 1320 /*
1267 * Has this CPU encountered a cond_resched_rcu_qs() since the 1321 * Has this CPU encountered a cond_resched_rcu_qs() since the
1268 * beginning of the grace period? For this to be the case, 1322 * beginning of the grace period? For this to be the case,
1269 * the CPU has to have noticed the current grace period. This 1323 * the CPU has to have noticed the current grace period. This
1270 * might not be the case for nohz_full CPUs looping in the kernel. 1324 * might not be the case for nohz_full CPUs looping in the kernel.
1271 */ 1325 */
1272 rnp = rdp->mynode; 1326 jtsq = jiffies_till_sched_qs;
1273 ruqp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks.rcu_urgent_qs, rdp->cpu); 1327 ruqp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks.rcu_urgent_qs, rdp->cpu);
1274 if (time_after(jiffies, rdp->rsp->gp_start + jtsq) && 1328 if (time_after(jiffies, rdp->rsp->gp_start + jtsq) &&
1275 READ_ONCE(rdp->rcu_qs_ctr_snap) != per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_qs_ctr, rdp->cpu) && 1329 READ_ONCE(rdp->rcu_qs_ctr_snap) != per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_qs_ctr, rdp->cpu) &&
1276 READ_ONCE(rdp->gpnum) == rnp->gpnum && !rdp->gpwrap) { 1330 READ_ONCE(rdp->gpnum) == rnp->gpnum && !rdp->gpwrap) {
1277 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("rqc")); 1331 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("rqc"));
1332 rcu_gpnum_ovf(rnp, rdp);
1278 return 1; 1333 return 1;
1279 } else { 1334 } else if (time_after(jiffies, rdp->rsp->gp_start + jtsq)) {
1280 /* Load rcu_qs_ctr before store to rcu_urgent_qs. */ 1335 /* Load rcu_qs_ctr before store to rcu_urgent_qs. */
1281 smp_store_release(ruqp, true); 1336 smp_store_release(ruqp, true);
1282 } 1337 }
@@ -1285,6 +1340,7 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1285 if (!(rdp->grpmask & rcu_rnp_online_cpus(rnp))) { 1340 if (!(rdp->grpmask & rcu_rnp_online_cpus(rnp))) {
1286 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("ofl")); 1341 trace_rcu_fqs(rdp->rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, rdp->cpu, TPS("ofl"));
1287 rdp->offline_fqs++; 1342 rdp->offline_fqs++;
1343 rcu_gpnum_ovf(rnp, rdp);
1288 return 1; 1344 return 1;
1289 } 1345 }
1290 1346
@@ -1304,10 +1360,6 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1304 * updates are only once every few jiffies, the probability of 1360 * updates are only once every few jiffies, the probability of
1305 * lossage (and thus of slight grace-period extension) is 1361 * lossage (and thus of slight grace-period extension) is
1306 * quite low. 1362 * quite low.
1307 *
1308 * Note that if the jiffies_till_sched_qs boot/sysfs parameter
1309 * is set too high, we override with half of the RCU CPU stall
1310 * warning delay.
1311 */ 1363 */
1312 rnhqp = &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_need_heavy_qs, rdp->cpu); 1364 rnhqp = &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_need_heavy_qs, rdp->cpu);
1313 if (!READ_ONCE(*rnhqp) && 1365 if (!READ_ONCE(*rnhqp) &&
@@ -1316,15 +1368,26 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
1316 WRITE_ONCE(*rnhqp, true); 1368 WRITE_ONCE(*rnhqp, true);
1317 /* Store rcu_need_heavy_qs before rcu_urgent_qs. */ 1369 /* Store rcu_need_heavy_qs before rcu_urgent_qs. */
1318 smp_store_release(ruqp, true); 1370 smp_store_release(ruqp, true);
1319 rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched += 5; /* Re-enable beating. */ 1371 rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched += jtsq; /* Re-enable beating. */
1320 } 1372 }
1321 1373
1322 /* 1374 /*
1323 * If more than halfway to RCU CPU stall-warning time, do 1375 * If more than halfway to RCU CPU stall-warning time, do a
1324 * a resched_cpu() to try to loosen things up a bit. 1376 * resched_cpu() to try to loosen things up a bit. Also check to
1377 * see if the CPU is getting hammered with interrupts, but only
1378 * once per grace period, just to keep the IPIs down to a dull roar.
1325 */ 1379 */
1326 if (jiffies - rdp->rsp->gp_start > rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() / 2) 1380 if (jiffies - rdp->rsp->gp_start > rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() / 2) {
1327 resched_cpu(rdp->cpu); 1381 resched_cpu(rdp->cpu);
1382 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) &&
1383 !rdp->rcu_iw_pending && rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum != rnp->gpnum &&
1384 (rnp->ffmask & rdp->grpmask)) {
1385 init_irq_work(&rdp->rcu_iw, rcu_iw_handler);
1386 rdp->rcu_iw_pending = true;
1387 rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum = rnp->gpnum;
1388 irq_work_queue_on(&rdp->rcu_iw, rdp->cpu);
1389 }
1390 }
1328 1391
1329 return 0; 1392 return 0;
1330} 1393}
@@ -1513,6 +1576,7 @@ static void print_cpu_stall(struct rcu_state *rsp)
1513{ 1576{
1514 int cpu; 1577 int cpu;
1515 unsigned long flags; 1578 unsigned long flags;
1579 struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
1516 struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp); 1580 struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root(rsp);
1517 long totqlen = 0; 1581 long totqlen = 0;
1518 1582
@@ -1528,7 +1592,9 @@ static void print_cpu_stall(struct rcu_state *rsp)
1528 */ 1592 */
1529 pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU", rsp->name); 1593 pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU", rsp->name);
1530 print_cpu_stall_info_begin(); 1594 print_cpu_stall_info_begin();
1595 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
1531 print_cpu_stall_info(rsp, smp_processor_id()); 1596 print_cpu_stall_info(rsp, smp_processor_id());
1597 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
1532 print_cpu_stall_info_end(); 1598 print_cpu_stall_info_end();
1533 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) 1599 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1534 totqlen += rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, 1600 totqlen += rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda,
@@ -1922,6 +1988,7 @@ static bool __note_gp_changes(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
1922 rdp->core_needs_qs = need_gp; 1988 rdp->core_needs_qs = need_gp;
1923 zero_cpu_stall_ticks(rdp); 1989 zero_cpu_stall_ticks(rdp);
1924 WRITE_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap, false); 1990 WRITE_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap, false);
1991 rcu_gpnum_ovf(rnp, rdp);
1925 } 1992 }
1926 return ret; 1993 return ret;
1927} 1994}
@@ -3702,6 +3769,8 @@ rcu_init_percpu_data(int cpu, struct rcu_state *rsp)
3702 rdp->cpu_no_qs.b.norm = true; 3769 rdp->cpu_no_qs.b.norm = true;
3703 rdp->rcu_qs_ctr_snap = per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_qs_ctr, cpu); 3770 rdp->rcu_qs_ctr_snap = per_cpu(rcu_dynticks.rcu_qs_ctr, cpu);
3704 rdp->core_needs_qs = false; 3771 rdp->core_needs_qs = false;
3772 rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
3773 rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum = rnp->gpnum - 1;
3705 trace_rcu_grace_period(rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, TPS("cpuonl")); 3774 trace_rcu_grace_period(rsp->name, rdp->gpnum, TPS("cpuonl"));
3706 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags); 3775 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
3707} 3776}
@@ -3739,10 +3808,24 @@ static void rcutree_affinity_setting(unsigned int cpu, int outgoing)
3739 */ 3808 */
3740int rcutree_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu) 3809int rcutree_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
3741{ 3810{
3742 sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup(cpu); 3811 unsigned long flags;
3743 rcutree_affinity_setting(cpu, -1); 3812 struct rcu_data *rdp;
3813 struct rcu_node *rnp;
3814 struct rcu_state *rsp;
3815
3816 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
3817 rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
3818 rnp = rdp->mynode;
3819 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
3820 rnp->ffmask |= rdp->grpmask;
3821 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
3822 }
3744 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU)) 3823 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU))
3745 srcu_online_cpu(cpu); 3824 srcu_online_cpu(cpu);
3825 if (rcu_scheduler_active == RCU_SCHEDULER_INACTIVE)
3826 return 0; /* Too early in boot for scheduler work. */
3827 sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup(cpu);
3828 rcutree_affinity_setting(cpu, -1);
3746 return 0; 3829 return 0;
3747} 3830}
3748 3831
@@ -3752,6 +3835,19 @@ int rcutree_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
3752 */ 3835 */
3753int rcutree_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu) 3836int rcutree_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
3754{ 3837{
3838 unsigned long flags;
3839 struct rcu_data *rdp;
3840 struct rcu_node *rnp;
3841 struct rcu_state *rsp;
3842
3843 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
3844 rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
3845 rnp = rdp->mynode;
3846 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
3847 rnp->ffmask &= ~rdp->grpmask;
3848 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
3849 }
3850
3755 rcutree_affinity_setting(cpu, cpu); 3851 rcutree_affinity_setting(cpu, cpu);
3756 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU)) 3852 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU))
3757 srcu_offline_cpu(cpu); 3853 srcu_offline_cpu(cpu);
@@ -4200,8 +4296,7 @@ void __init rcu_init(void)
4200 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { 4296 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
4201 rcutree_prepare_cpu(cpu); 4297 rcutree_prepare_cpu(cpu);
4202 rcu_cpu_starting(cpu); 4298 rcu_cpu_starting(cpu);
4203 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TREE_SRCU)) 4299 rcutree_online_cpu(cpu);
4204 srcu_online_cpu(cpu);
4205 } 4300 }
4206} 4301}
4207 4302
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.h b/kernel/rcu/tree.h
index 8e1f285f0a70..46a5d1991450 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.h
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ struct rcu_node {
103 /* Online CPUs for next expedited GP. */ 103 /* Online CPUs for next expedited GP. */
104 /* Any CPU that has ever been online will */ 104 /* Any CPU that has ever been online will */
105 /* have its bit set. */ 105 /* have its bit set. */
106 unsigned long ffmask; /* Fully functional CPUs. */
106 unsigned long grpmask; /* Mask to apply to parent qsmask. */ 107 unsigned long grpmask; /* Mask to apply to parent qsmask. */
107 /* Only one bit will be set in this mask. */ 108 /* Only one bit will be set in this mask. */
108 int grplo; /* lowest-numbered CPU or group here. */ 109 int grplo; /* lowest-numbered CPU or group here. */
@@ -285,6 +286,10 @@ struct rcu_data {
285 286
286 /* 8) RCU CPU stall data. */ 287 /* 8) RCU CPU stall data. */
287 unsigned int softirq_snap; /* Snapshot of softirq activity. */ 288 unsigned int softirq_snap; /* Snapshot of softirq activity. */
289 /* ->rcu_iw* fields protected by leaf rcu_node ->lock. */
290 struct irq_work rcu_iw; /* Check for non-irq activity. */
291 bool rcu_iw_pending; /* Is ->rcu_iw pending? */
292 unsigned long rcu_iw_gpnum; /* ->gpnum associated with ->rcu_iw. */
288 293
289 int cpu; 294 int cpu;
290 struct rcu_state *rsp; 295 struct rcu_state *rsp;
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h b/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
index e012b9be777e..4c857e583802 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(char, rcu_cpu_has_work);
54 * This probably needs to be excluded from -rt builds. 54 * This probably needs to be excluded from -rt builds.
55 */ 55 */
56#define rt_mutex_owner(a) ({ WARN_ON_ONCE(1); NULL; }) 56#define rt_mutex_owner(a) ({ WARN_ON_ONCE(1); NULL; })
57#define rt_mutex_futex_unlock(x) WARN_ON_ONCE(1)
57 58
58#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */ 59#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
59 60
@@ -530,7 +531,7 @@ void rcu_read_unlock_special(struct task_struct *t)
530 531
531 /* Unboost if we were boosted. */ 532 /* Unboost if we were boosted. */
532 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && drop_boost_mutex) 533 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && drop_boost_mutex)
533 rt_mutex_unlock(&rnp->boost_mtx); 534 rt_mutex_futex_unlock(&rnp->boost_mtx);
534 535
535 /* 536 /*
536 * If this was the last task on the expedited lists, 537 * If this was the last task on the expedited lists,
@@ -911,8 +912,6 @@ void exit_rcu(void)
911 912
912#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST 913#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
913 914
914#include "../locking/rtmutex_common.h"
915
916static void rcu_wake_cond(struct task_struct *t, int status) 915static void rcu_wake_cond(struct task_struct *t, int status)
917{ 916{
918 /* 917 /*
@@ -1507,7 +1506,7 @@ static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void)
1507 rdtp->last_accelerate = jiffies; 1506 rdtp->last_accelerate = jiffies;
1508 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) { 1507 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
1509 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda); 1508 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
1510 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) 1509 if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist))
1511 continue; 1510 continue;
1512 rnp = rdp->mynode; 1511 rnp = rdp->mynode;
1513 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled. */ 1512 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled. */
@@ -1671,6 +1670,7 @@ static void print_cpu_stall_info_begin(void)
1671 */ 1670 */
1672static void print_cpu_stall_info(struct rcu_state *rsp, int cpu) 1671static void print_cpu_stall_info(struct rcu_state *rsp, int cpu)
1673{ 1672{
1673 unsigned long delta;
1674 char fast_no_hz[72]; 1674 char fast_no_hz[72];
1675 struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu); 1675 struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
1676 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = rdp->dynticks; 1676 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = rdp->dynticks;
@@ -1685,11 +1685,15 @@ static void print_cpu_stall_info(struct rcu_state *rsp, int cpu)
1685 ticks_value = rsp->gpnum - rdp->gpnum; 1685 ticks_value = rsp->gpnum - rdp->gpnum;
1686 } 1686 }
1687 print_cpu_stall_fast_no_hz(fast_no_hz, cpu); 1687 print_cpu_stall_fast_no_hz(fast_no_hz, cpu);
1688 pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%03x/%llx/%d softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld %s\n", 1688 delta = rdp->mynode->gpnum - rdp->rcu_iw_gpnum;
1689 pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%03x/%llx/%d softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld %s\n",
1689 cpu, 1690 cpu,
1690 "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)], 1691 "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
1691 "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)], 1692 "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
1692 "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)], 1693 "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
1694 !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
1695 rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
1696 "!."[!delta],
1693 ticks_value, ticks_title, 1697 ticks_value, ticks_title,
1694 rcu_dynticks_snap(rdtp) & 0xfff, 1698 rcu_dynticks_snap(rdtp) & 0xfff,
1695 rdtp->dynticks_nesting, rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting, 1699 rdtp->dynticks_nesting, rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting,
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/update.c b/kernel/rcu/update.c
index 5033b66d2753..27694561f769 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/update.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/update.c
@@ -494,6 +494,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(do_trace_rcu_torture_read);
494#endif 494#endif
495 495
496int rcu_cpu_stall_suppress __read_mostly; /* 1 = suppress stall warnings. */ 496int rcu_cpu_stall_suppress __read_mostly; /* 1 = suppress stall warnings. */
497EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_cpu_stall_suppress);
497static int rcu_cpu_stall_timeout __read_mostly = CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT; 498static int rcu_cpu_stall_timeout __read_mostly = CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT;
498 499
499module_param(rcu_cpu_stall_suppress, int, 0644); 500module_param(rcu_cpu_stall_suppress, int, 0644);
@@ -575,7 +576,6 @@ DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(tasks_rcu_exit_srcu);
575static int rcu_task_stall_timeout __read_mostly = RCU_TASK_STALL_TIMEOUT; 576static int rcu_task_stall_timeout __read_mostly = RCU_TASK_STALL_TIMEOUT;
576module_param(rcu_task_stall_timeout, int, 0644); 577module_param(rcu_task_stall_timeout, int, 0644);
577 578
578static void rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread(void);
579static struct task_struct *rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr; 579static struct task_struct *rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr;
580 580
581/** 581/**
@@ -600,7 +600,6 @@ void call_rcu_tasks(struct rcu_head *rhp, rcu_callback_t func)
600{ 600{
601 unsigned long flags; 601 unsigned long flags;
602 bool needwake; 602 bool needwake;
603 bool havetask = READ_ONCE(rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr);
604 603
605 rhp->next = NULL; 604 rhp->next = NULL;
606 rhp->func = func; 605 rhp->func = func;
@@ -610,11 +609,8 @@ void call_rcu_tasks(struct rcu_head *rhp, rcu_callback_t func)
610 rcu_tasks_cbs_tail = &rhp->next; 609 rcu_tasks_cbs_tail = &rhp->next;
611 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rcu_tasks_cbs_lock, flags); 610 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rcu_tasks_cbs_lock, flags);
612 /* We can't create the thread unless interrupts are enabled. */ 611 /* We can't create the thread unless interrupts are enabled. */
613 if ((needwake && havetask) || 612 if (needwake && READ_ONCE(rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr))
614 (!havetask && !irqs_disabled_flags(flags))) {
615 rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread();
616 wake_up(&rcu_tasks_cbs_wq); 613 wake_up(&rcu_tasks_cbs_wq);
617 }
618} 614}
619EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_tasks); 615EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_tasks);
620 616
@@ -853,27 +849,18 @@ static int __noreturn rcu_tasks_kthread(void *arg)
853 } 849 }
854} 850}
855 851
856/* Spawn rcu_tasks_kthread() at first call to call_rcu_tasks(). */ 852/* Spawn rcu_tasks_kthread() at core_initcall() time. */
857static void rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread(void) 853static int __init rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread(void)
858{ 854{
859 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_tasks_kthread_mutex);
860 struct task_struct *t; 855 struct task_struct *t;
861 856
862 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr)) {
863 smp_mb(); /* Ensure caller sees full kthread. */
864 return;
865 }
866 mutex_lock(&rcu_tasks_kthread_mutex);
867 if (rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr) {
868 mutex_unlock(&rcu_tasks_kthread_mutex);
869 return;
870 }
871 t = kthread_run(rcu_tasks_kthread, NULL, "rcu_tasks_kthread"); 857 t = kthread_run(rcu_tasks_kthread, NULL, "rcu_tasks_kthread");
872 BUG_ON(IS_ERR(t)); 858 BUG_ON(IS_ERR(t));
873 smp_mb(); /* Ensure others see full kthread. */ 859 smp_mb(); /* Ensure others see full kthread. */
874 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr, t); 860 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_tasks_kthread_ptr, t);
875 mutex_unlock(&rcu_tasks_kthread_mutex); 861 return 0;
876} 862}
863core_initcall(rcu_spawn_tasks_kthread);
877 864
878/* Do the srcu_read_lock() for the above synchronize_srcu(). */ 865/* Do the srcu_read_lock() for the above synchronize_srcu(). */
879void exit_tasks_rcu_start(void) 866void exit_tasks_rcu_start(void)
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index d17c5da523a0..9446b2e5eac5 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -505,8 +505,7 @@ void resched_cpu(int cpu)
505 struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu); 505 struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
506 unsigned long flags; 506 unsigned long flags;
507 507
508 if (!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags)) 508 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
509 return;
510 resched_curr(rq); 509 resched_curr(rq);
511 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags); 510 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
512} 511}
@@ -4842,6 +4841,7 @@ int __sched _cond_resched(void)
4842 preempt_schedule_common(); 4841 preempt_schedule_common();
4843 return 1; 4842 return 1;
4844 } 4843 }
4844 rcu_all_qs();
4845 return 0; 4845 return 0;
4846} 4846}
4847EXPORT_SYMBOL(_cond_resched); 4847EXPORT_SYMBOL(_cond_resched);
@@ -5165,6 +5165,7 @@ void sched_show_task(struct task_struct *p)
5165 show_stack(p, NULL); 5165 show_stack(p, NULL);
5166 put_task_stack(p); 5166 put_task_stack(p);
5167} 5167}
5168EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sched_show_task);
5168 5169
5169static inline bool 5170static inline bool
5170state_filter_match(unsigned long state_filter, struct task_struct *p) 5171state_filter_match(unsigned long state_filter, struct task_struct *p)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config_override.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config_override.sh
index 49fa51726ce3..ef7fcbac3d42 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config_override.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/config_override.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ else
42 exit 1 42 exit 1
43fi 43fi
44 44
45T=/tmp/config_override.sh.$$ 45T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/config_override.sh.$$
46trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 46trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
47mkdir $T 47mkdir $T
48 48
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configcheck.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configcheck.sh
index 70fca318a82b..197deece7c7c 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configcheck.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configcheck.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
19# 19#
20# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> 20# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
21 21
22T=/tmp/abat-chk-config.sh.$$ 22T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/abat-chk-config.sh.$$
23trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 23trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
24mkdir $T 24mkdir $T
25 25
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configinit.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configinit.sh
index 3f81a1095206..51f66a7ce876 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configinit.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/configinit.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
32# 32#
33# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> 33# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
34 34
35T=/tmp/configinit.sh.$$ 35T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/configinit.sh.$$
36trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 36trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
37mkdir $T 37mkdir $T
38 38
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-build.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-build.sh
index 46752c164676..fb66d0173638 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-build.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-build.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ then
35 exit 1 35 exit 1
36fi 36fi
37 37
38T=/tmp/test-linux.sh.$$ 38T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/test-linux.sh.$$
39trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 39trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
40mkdir $T 40mkdir $T
41 41
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
index 0af36a721b9c..ab14b97c942c 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
38# 38#
39# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> 39# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
40 40
41T=/tmp/kvm-test-1-run.sh.$$ 41T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm-test-1-run.sh.$$
42trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 42trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
43mkdir $T 43mkdir $T
44 44
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
index b55895fb10ed..ccd49e958fd2 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
30scriptname=$0 30scriptname=$0
31args="$*" 31args="$*"
32 32
33T=/tmp/kvm.sh.$$ 33T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/kvm.sh.$$
34trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 34trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
35mkdir $T 35mkdir $T
36 36
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ do
222 exit 1 222 exit 1
223 fi 223 fi
224done 224done
225sort -k2nr $T/cfgcpu > $T/cfgcpu.sort 225sort -k2nr $T/cfgcpu -T="$T" > $T/cfgcpu.sort
226 226
227# Use a greedy bin-packing algorithm, sorting the list accordingly. 227# Use a greedy bin-packing algorithm, sorting the list accordingly.
228awk < $T/cfgcpu.sort > $T/cfgcpu.pack -v ncpus=$cpus ' 228awk < $T/cfgcpu.sort > $T/cfgcpu.pack -v ncpus=$cpus '
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-build.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-build.sh
index a6b57622c2e5..24fe5f822b28 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-build.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-build.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
28 28
29F=$1 29F=$1
30title=$2 30title=$2
31T=/tmp/parse-build.sh.$$ 31T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/parse-build.sh.$$
32trap 'rm -rf $T' 0 32trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
33mkdir $T 33mkdir $T
34 34
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-torture.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-torture.sh
index e3c5f0705696..f12c38909b00 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-torture.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/parse-torture.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
27# 27#
28# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> 28# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
29 29
30T=/tmp/parse-torture.sh.$$ 30T=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/parse-torture.sh.$$
31file="$1" 31file="$1"
32title="$2" 32title="$2"
33 33
generated by cgit v1.2.2 (git 2.25.0) at 2025-08-19 09:50:36 -0400