Merge tag 'kconfig-v4.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kconfig updates from Masahiro Yamada:
 "Kconfig now supports new functionality to perform textual
  substitution. It has been a while since Linus suggested to move
  compiler option tests from makefiles to Kconfig. Finally, here it is.

  The implementation has been generalized into a Make-like macro
  language.

  Some built-in functions such as 'shell' are provided. Variables and
  user-defined functions are also supported so that 'cc-option',
  'ld-option', etc. are implemented as macros.

  Summary:

   - refactor package checks for building {m,n,q,g}conf

   - remove unused/unmaintained localization support

   - remove Kbuild cache

   - drop CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE support

   - replace 'option env=' with direct variable expansion

   - add built-in functions such as 'shell'

   - support variables and user-defined functions

   - add helper macros as as 'cc-option'

   - add unit tests and a document of the new macro language

   - add 'testconfig' to help

   - fix warnings from GCC 8.1"

* tag 'kconfig-v4.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (30 commits)
  kconfig: Avoid format overflow warning from GCC 8.1
  kbuild: Move last word of nconfig help to the previous line
  kconfig: Add testconfig into make help output
  kconfig: add basic helper macros to scripts/Kconfig.include
  kconfig: show compiler version text in the top comment
  kconfig: test: add Kconfig macro language tests
  Documentation: kconfig: document a new Kconfig macro language
  kconfig: error out if a recursive variable references itself
  kconfig: add 'filename' and 'lineno' built-in variables
  kconfig: add 'info', 'warning-if', and 'error-if' built-in functions
  kconfig: expand lefthand side of assignment statement
  kconfig: support append assignment operator
  kconfig: support simply expanded variable
  kconfig: support user-defined function and recursively expanded variable
  kconfig: begin PARAM state only when seeing a command keyword
  kconfig: replace $(UNAME_RELEASE) with function call
  kconfig: add 'shell' built-in function
  kconfig: add built-in function support
  kconfig: make default prompt of mainmenu less specific
  kconfig: remove sym_expand_string_value()
  ...

59 files changed, 1666 insertions, 1143 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
index f5b9493f04ad..0e966e8f9ec7 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
@@ -198,14 +198,6 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
     enables the third modular state for all config symbols.
     At most one symbol may have the "modules" option set.
 
-  - "env"=<value>
-    This imports the environment variable into Kconfig. It behaves like
-    a default, except that the value comes from the environment, this
-    also means that the behaviour when mixing it with normal defaults is
-    undefined at this point. The symbol is currently not exported back
-    to the build environment (if this is desired, it can be done via
-    another symbol).
-
   - "allnoconfig_y"
     This declares the symbol as one that should have the value y when
     using "allnoconfig". Used for symbols that hide other symbols.
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07da2ea68dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+Concept
+-------
+
+The basic idea was inspired by Make. When we look at Make, we notice sort of
+two languages in one. One language describes dependency graphs consisting of
+targets and prerequisites. The other is a macro language for performing textual
+substitution.
+
+There is clear distinction between the two language stages. For example, you
+can write a makefile like follows:
+
+    APP := foo
+    SRC := foo.c
+    CC := gcc
+
+    $(APP): $(SRC)
+            $(CC) -o $(APP) $(SRC)
+
+The macro language replaces the variable references with their expanded form,
+and handles as if the source file were input like follows:
+
+    foo: foo.c
+            gcc -o foo foo.c
+
+Then, Make analyzes the dependency graph and determines the targets to be
+updated.
+
+The idea is quite similar in Kconfig - it is possible to describe a Kconfig
+file like this:
+
+    CC := gcc
+
+    config CC_HAS_FOO
+            def_bool $(shell, $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-foo.sh $(CC))
+
+The macro language in Kconfig processes the source file into the following
+intermediate:
+
+    config CC_HAS_FOO
+            def_bool y
+
+Then, Kconfig moves onto the evaluation stage to resolve inter-symbol
+dependency as explained in kconfig-language.txt.
+
+
+Variables
+---------
+
+Like in Make, a variable in Kconfig works as a macro variable.  A macro
+variable is expanded "in place" to yield a text string that may then be
+expanded further. To get the value of a variable, enclose the variable name in
+$( ). The parentheses are required even for single-letter variable names; $X is
+a syntax error. The curly brace form as in ${CC} is not supported either.
+
+There are two types of variables: simply expanded variables and recursively
+expanded variables.
+
+A simply expanded variable is defined using the := assignment operator. Its
+righthand side is expanded immediately upon reading the line from the Kconfig
+file.
+
+A recursively expanded variable is defined using the = assignment operator.
+Its righthand side is simply stored as the value of the variable without
+expanding it in any way. Instead, the expansion is performed when the variable
+is used.
+
+There is another type of assignment operator; += is used to append text to a
+variable. The righthand side of += is expanded immediately if the lefthand
+side was originally defined as a simple variable. Otherwise, its evaluation is
+deferred.
+
+The variable reference can take parameters, in the following form:
+
+  $(name,arg1,arg2,arg3)
+
+You can consider the parameterized reference as a function. (more precisely,
+"user-defined function" in contrast to "built-in function" listed below).
+
+Useful functions must be expanded when they are used since the same function is
+expanded differently if different parameters are passed. Hence, a user-defined
+function is defined using the = assignment operator. The parameters are
+referenced within the body definition with $(1), $(2), etc.
+
+In fact, recursively expanded variables and user-defined functions are the same
+internally. (In other words, "variable" is "function with zero argument".)
+When we say "variable" in a broad sense, it includes "user-defined function".
+
+
+Built-in functions
+------------------
+
+Like Make, Kconfig provides several built-in functions. Every function takes a
+particular number of arguments.
+
+In Make, every built-in function takes at least one argument. Kconfig allows
+zero argument for built-in functions, such as $(fileno), $(lineno). You could
+consider those as "built-in variable", but it is just a matter of how we call
+it after all. Let's say "built-in function" here to refer to natively supported
+functionality.
+
+Kconfig currently supports the following built-in functions.
+
+ - $(shell,command)
+
+  The "shell" function accepts a single argument that is expanded and passed
+  to a subshell for execution. The standard output of the command is then read
+  and returned as the value of the function. Every newline in the output is
+  replaced with a space. Any trailing newlines are deleted. The standard error
+  is not returned, nor is any program exit status.
+
+ - $(info,text)
+
+  The "info" function takes a single argument and prints it to stdout.
+  It evaluates to an empty string.
+
+ - $(warning-if,condition,text)
+
+  The "warning-if" function takes two arguments. If the condition part is "y",
+  the text part is sent to stderr. The text is prefixed with the name of the
+  current Kconfig file and the current line number.
+
+ - $(error-if,condition,text)
+
+  The "error-if" function is similar to "warning-if", but it terminates the
+  parsing immediately if the condition part is "y".
+
+ - $(filename)
+
+  The 'filename' takes no argument, and $(filename) is expanded to the file
+  name being parsed.
+
+ - $(lineno)
+
+  The 'lineno' takes no argument, and $(lineno) is expanded to the line number
+  being parsed.
+
+
+Make vs Kconfig
+---------------
+
+Kconfig adopts Make-like macro language, but the function call syntax is
+slightly different.
+
+A function call in Make looks like this:
+
+  $(func-name arg1,arg2,arg3)
+
+The function name and the first argument are separated by at least one
+whitespace. Then, leading whitespaces are trimmed from the first argument,
+while whitespaces in the other arguments are kept. You need to use a kind of
+trick to start the first parameter with spaces. For example, if you want
+to make "info" function print "  hello", you can write like follows:
+
+  empty :=
+  space := $(empty) $(empty)
+  $(info $(space)$(space)hello)
+
+Kconfig uses only commas for delimiters, and keeps all whitespaces in the
+function call. Some people prefer putting a space after each comma delimiter:
+
+  $(func-name, arg1, arg2, arg3)
+
+In this case, "func-name" will receive " arg1", " arg2", " arg3". The presence
+of leading spaces may matter depending on the function. The same applies to
+Make - for example, $(subst .c, .o, $(sources)) is a typical mistake; it
+replaces ".c" with " .o".
+
+In Make, a user-defined function is referenced by using a built-in function,
+'call', like this:
+
+    $(call my-func,arg1,arg2,arg3)
+
+Kconfig invokes user-defined functions and built-in functions in the same way.
+The omission of 'call' makes the syntax shorter.
+
+In Make, some functions treat commas verbatim instead of argument separators.
+For example, $(shell echo hello, world) runs the command "echo hello, world".
+Likewise, $(info hello, world) prints "hello, world" to stdout. You could say
+this is _useful_ inconsistency.
+
+In Kconfig, for simpler implementation and grammatical consistency, commas that
+appear in the $( ) context are always delimiters. It means
+
+  $(shell, echo hello, world)
+
+is an error because it is passing two parameters where the 'shell' function
+accepts only one. To pass commas in arguments, you can use the following trick:
+
+  comma := ,
+  $(shell, echo hello$(comma) world)
+
+
+Caveats
+-------
+
+A variable (or function) cannot be expanded across tokens. So, you cannot use
+a variable as a shorthand for an expression that consists of multiple tokens.
+The following works:
+
+    RANGE_MIN := 1
+    RANGE_MAX := 3
+
+    config FOO
+            int "foo"
+            range $(RANGE_MIN) $(RANGE_MAX)
+
+But, the following does not work:
+
+    RANGES := 1 3
+
+    config FOO
+            int "foo"
+            range $(RANGES)
+
+A variable cannot be expanded to any keyword in Kconfig.  The following does
+not work:
+
+    MY_TYPE := tristate
+
+    config FOO
+            $(MY_TYPE) "foo"
+            default y
+
+Obviously from the design, $(shell command) is expanded in the textual
+substitution phase. You cannot pass symbols to the 'shell' function.
+The following does not work as expected.
+
+    config ENDIAN_FLAG
+            string
+            default "-mbig-endian" if CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
+            default "-mlittle-endian" if CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+
+    config CC_HAS_ENDIAN_FLAG
+            def_bool $(shell $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-flag ENDIAN_FLAG)
+
+Instead, you can do like follows so that any function call is statically
+expanded.
+
+    config CC_HAS_ENDIAN_FLAG
+            bool
+            default $(shell $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-flag -mbig-endian) if CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
+            default $(shell $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-flag -mlittle-endian) if CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN
diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index 8c4c1cb0f9cd..a90d9f9e268b 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 # For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
 # see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
 #
-mainmenu "Linux/$ARCH $KERNELVERSION Kernel Configuration"
+mainmenu "Linux/$(ARCH) $(KERNELVERSION) Kernel Configuration"
 
-config SRCARCH
-        string
-        option env="SRCARCH"
+comment "Compiler: $(CC_VERSION_TEXT)"
 
-source "arch/$SRCARCH/Kconfig"
+source "scripts/Kconfig.include"
+
+source "arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig"
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index cfae882e63df..66cd131c517d 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -7684,8 +7684,9 @@ M:	Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
 T:      git git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild.git kconfig
 L:      linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
 S:      Maintained
-F:      Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+F:      Documentation/kbuild/kconfig*
 F:      scripts/kconfig/
+F:      scripts/Kconfig.include
 
 KDUMP
 M:      Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 0d5cdaa72d5f..bbc979aeea29 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -316,12 +316,9 @@ SUBARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e s/i.86/x86/ -e s/x86_64/x86/ \
 # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
 # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
 # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
-# A third alternative is to store a setting in .config so that plain
-# "make" in the configured kernel build directory always uses that.
 # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
 # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
 ARCH            ?= $(SUBARCH)
-CROSS_COMPILE   ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
 
 # Architecture as present in compile.h
 UTS_MACHINE     := $(ARCH)
@@ -445,6 +442,8 @@ export KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
 export KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
 export KBUILD_ARFLAGS
 
+export CC_VERSION_TEXT := $(shell $(CC) --version | head -n 1)
+
 # When compiling out-of-tree modules, put MODVERDIR in the module
 # tree rather than in the kernel tree. The kernel tree might
 # even be read-only.
@@ -504,7 +503,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(call cc-option,-fno-PIE)
 KBUILD_AFLAGS   += $(call cc-option,-fno-PIE)
 
 # check for 'asm goto'
-ifeq ($(call shell-cached,$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-goto.sh $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)), y)
+ifeq ($(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-goto.sh $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)), y)
   CC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO := 1
   KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DCC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO
   KBUILD_AFLAGS += -DCC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO
@@ -807,7 +806,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL	+= $(call cc-option,-fdata-sections,)
 endif
 
 # arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included
-NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(call shell-cached,$(CC) -print-file-name=include)
+NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
 
 # warn about C99 declaration after statement
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wdeclaration-after-statement,)
@@ -1630,7 +1629,6 @@ clean: $(clean-dirs)
                 -o -name '*.asn1.[ch]' \
                 -o -name '*.symtypes' -o -name 'modules.order' \
                 -o -name modules.builtin -o -name '.tmp_*.o.*' \
-                -o -name .cache.mk \
                 -o -name '*.c.[012]*.*' \
                 -o -name '*.ll' \
                 -o -name '*.gcno' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f
diff --git a/arch/sh/Kconfig b/arch/sh/Kconfig
index a97538b607a4..ae619d54018c 100644
--- a/arch/sh/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/sh/Kconfig
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ config SUPERH
           <http://www.linux-sh.org/>.
 
 config SUPERH32
-        def_bool ARCH = "sh"
+        def_bool "$(ARCH)" = "sh"
         select HAVE_KPROBES
         select HAVE_KRETPROBES
         select HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT if MMU && !X2TLB
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ config SUPERH32
         select HAVE_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
 
 config SUPERH64
-        def_bool ARCH = "sh64"
+        def_bool "$(ARCH)" = "sh64"
         select HAVE_EXIT_THREAD
         select KALLSYMS
 
diff --git a/arch/sparc/Kconfig b/arch/sparc/Kconfig
index 435dbc033afe..b42ba888217d 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/sparc/Kconfig
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 config 64BIT
-        bool "64-bit kernel" if ARCH = "sparc"
-        default ARCH = "sparc64"
+        bool "64-bit kernel" if "$(ARCH)" = "sparc"
+        default "$(ARCH)" = "sparc64"
         help
           SPARC is a family of RISC microprocessors designed and marketed by
           Sun Microsystems, incorporated.  They are very widely found in Sun
diff --git a/arch/um/Kconfig.common b/arch/um/Kconfig.common
index c68add8df3ae..07f84c842cc3 100644
--- a/arch/um/Kconfig.common
+++ b/arch/um/Kconfig.common
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ config HZ
         int
         default 100
 
-config SUBARCH
-        string
-        option env="SUBARCH"
-
 config NR_CPUS
         int
         range 1 1
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index 1fe24b624d44..ed796c92701f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Select 32 or 64 bit
 config 64BIT
-        bool "64-bit kernel" if ARCH = "x86"
-        default ARCH != "i386"
+        bool "64-bit kernel" if "$(ARCH)" = "x86"
+        default "$(ARCH)" != "i386"
         ---help---
           Say yes to build a 64-bit kernel - formerly known as x86_64
           Say no to build a 32-bit kernel - formerly known as i386
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
index 13ed827c7c66..9d529f22fd9d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-mainmenu "User Mode Linux/$SUBARCH $KERNELVERSION Kernel Configuration"
+mainmenu "User Mode Linux/$(SUBARCH) $(KERNELVERSION) Kernel Configuration"
+
+comment "Compiler: $(CC_VERSION_TEXT)"
+
+source "scripts/Kconfig.include"
 
 source "arch/um/Kconfig.common"
 
@@ -16,8 +20,8 @@ config UML_X86
         select GENERIC_FIND_FIRST_BIT
 
 config 64BIT
-        bool "64-bit kernel" if SUBARCH = "x86"
-        default SUBARCH != "i386"
+        bool "64-bit kernel" if "$(SUBARCH)" = "x86"
+        default "$(SUBARCH)" != "i386"
 
 config X86_32
         def_bool !64BIT
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 829a4c1117f2..0274d0d28df7 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
-config ARCH
-        string
-        option env="ARCH"
-
-config KERNELVERSION
-        string
-        option env="KERNELVERSION"
-
 config DEFCONFIG_LIST
         string
         depends on !UML
         option defconfig_list
-        default "/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config"
+        default "/lib/modules/$(shell,uname --release)/.config"
         default "/etc/kernel-config"
-        default "/boot/config-$UNAME_RELEASE"
-        default "$ARCH_DEFCONFIG"
-        default "arch/$ARCH/defconfig"
+        default "/boot/config-$(shell,uname --release)"
+        default ARCH_DEFCONFIG
+        default "arch/$(ARCH)/defconfig"
 
 config CONSTRUCTORS
         bool
@@ -54,15 +46,6 @@ config INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
           Maximum of each of the number of arguments and environment
           variables passed to init from the kernel command line.
 
-
-config CROSS_COMPILE
-        string "Cross-compiler tool prefix"
-        help
-          Same as running 'make CROSS_COMPILE=prefix-' but stored for
-          default make runs in this kernel build directory.  You don't
-          need to set this unless you want the configured kernel build
-          directory to select the cross-compiler automatically.
-
 config COMPILE_TEST
         bool "Compile also drivers which will not load"
         depends on !UML
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index 50cee534fd64..c8156d61678c 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ squote  := '
 empty   :=
 space   := $(empty) $(empty)
 space_escape := _-_SPACE_-_
-right_paren := )
-left_paren := (
 pound := \#
 
 ###
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ kecho := $($(quiet)kecho)
 #   to specify a valid file as first prerequisite (often the kbuild file)
 define filechk
         $(Q)set -e;                             \
-        $(kecho) '  CHK     $@';                \
         mkdir -p $(dir $@);                     \
         $(filechk_$(1)) < $< > $@.tmp;          \
         if [ -r $@ ] && cmp -s $@ $@.tmp; then  \
@@ -83,71 +80,6 @@ cc-cross-prefix =  \
                         echo $(c);                                    \
                 fi)))
 
-# Tools for caching Makefile variables that are "expensive" to compute.
-#
-# Here we want to help deal with variables that take a long time to compute
-# by making it easy to store these variables in a cache.
-#
-# The canonical example here is testing for compiler flags.  On a simple system
-# each call to the compiler takes 10 ms, but on a system with a compiler that's
-# called through various wrappers it can take upwards of 100 ms.  If we have
-# 100 calls to the compiler this can take 1 second (on a simple system) or 10
-# seconds (on a complicated system).
-#
-# The "cache" will be in Makefile syntax and can be directly included.
-# Any time we try to reference a variable that's not in the cache we'll
-# calculate it and store it in the cache for next time.
-
-# Include values from last time
-make-cache := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/,$(if $(obj),$(obj)/)).cache.mk
-$(make-cache): ;
--include $(make-cache)
-
-cached-data := $(filter __cached_%, $(.VARIABLES))
-
-# If cache exceeds 1000 lines, shrink it down to 500.
-ifneq ($(word 1000,$(cached-data)),)
-$(shell tail -n 500 $(make-cache) > $(make-cache).tmp; \
-        mv $(make-cache).tmp $(make-cache))
-endif
-
-create-cache-dir := $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(if $(cache-data),,1))
-
-# Usage: $(call __sanitize-opt,Hello=Hola$(comma)Goodbye Adios)
-#
-# Convert all '$', ')', '(', '\', '=', ' ', ',', ':' to '_'
-__sanitize-opt = $(subst $$,_,$(subst $(right_paren),_,$(subst $(left_paren),_,$(subst \,_,$(subst =,_,$(subst $(space),_,$(subst $(comma),_,$(subst :,_,$(1)))))))))
-
-# Usage:   $(call shell-cached,shell_command)
-# Example: $(call shell-cached,md5sum /usr/bin/gcc)
-#
-# If we've already seen a call to this exact shell command (even in a
-# previous invocation of make!) we'll return the value.  If not, we'll
-# compute it and store the result for future runs.
-#
-# This is a bit of voodoo, but basic explanation is that if the variable
-# was undefined then we'll evaluate the shell command and store the result
-# into the variable.  We'll then store that value in the cache and finally
-# output the value.
-#
-# NOTE: The $$(2) here isn't actually a parameter to __run-and-store.  We
-# happen to know that the caller will have their shell command in $(2) so the
-# result of "call"ing this will produce a reference to that $(2).  The reason
-# for this strangeness is to avoid an extra level of eval (and escaping) of
-# $(2).
-define __run-and-store
-ifeq ($(origin $(1)),undefined)
-  $$(eval $(1) := $$(shell $$(2)))
-ifeq ($(create-cache-dir),1)
-  $$(shell mkdir -p $(dir $(make-cache)))
-  $$(eval create-cache-dir :=)
-endif
-  $$(shell echo '$(1) := $$($(1))' >> $(make-cache))
-endif
-endef
-__shell-cached = $(eval $(call __run-and-store,$(1)))$($(1))
-shell-cached = $(call __shell-cached,__cached_$(call __sanitize-opt,$(1)),$(1))
-
 # output directory for tests below
 TMPOUT := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/)
 
@@ -155,36 +87,30 @@ TMPOUT := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/)
 # Usage: option = $(call try-run, $(CC)...-o "$$TMP",option-ok,otherwise)
 # Exit code chooses option. "$$TMP" serves as a temporary file and is
 # automatically cleaned up.
-__try-run = set -e;                     \
+try-run = $(shell set -e;               \
         TMP="$(TMPOUT).$$$$.tmp";       \
         TMPO="$(TMPOUT).$$$$.o";        \
         if ($(1)) >/dev/null 2>&1;      \
         then echo "$(2)";               \
         else echo "$(3)";               \
         fi;                             \
-        rm -f "$$TMP" "$$TMPO"
-
-try-run = $(shell $(__try-run))
-
-# try-run-cached
-# This works like try-run, but the result is cached.
-try-run-cached = $(call shell-cached,$(__try-run))
+        rm -f "$$TMP" "$$TMPO")
 
 # as-option
 # Usage: cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=foo,)
 
-as-option = $(call try-run-cached,\
+as-option = $(call try-run,\
         $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) $(1) -c -x assembler /dev/null -o "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
 
 # as-instr
 # Usage: cflags-y += $(call as-instr,instr,option1,option2)
 
-as-instr = $(call try-run-cached,\
+as-instr = $(call try-run,\
         printf "%b\n" "$(1)" | $(CC) $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) -c -x assembler -o "$$TMP" -,$(2),$(3))
 
 # __cc-option
 # Usage: MY_CFLAGS += $(call __cc-option,$(CC),$(MY_CFLAGS),-march=winchip-c6,-march=i586)
-__cc-option = $(call try-run-cached,\
+__cc-option = $(call try-run,\
         $(1) -Werror $(2) $(3) -c -x c /dev/null -o "$$TMP",$(3),$(4))
 
 # Do not attempt to build with gcc plugins during cc-option tests.
@@ -204,23 +130,23 @@ hostcc-option = $(call __cc-option, $(HOSTCC),\
 
 # cc-option-yn
 # Usage: flag := $(call cc-option-yn,-march=winchip-c6)
-cc-option-yn = $(call try-run-cached,\
+cc-option-yn = $(call try-run,\
         $(CC) -Werror $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(CC_OPTION_CFLAGS) $(1) -c -x c /dev/null -o "$$TMP",y,n)
 
 # cc-disable-warning
 # Usage: cflags-y += $(call cc-disable-warning,unused-but-set-variable)
-cc-disable-warning = $(call try-run-cached,\
+cc-disable-warning = $(call try-run,\
         $(CC) -Werror $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(CC_OPTION_CFLAGS) -W$(strip $(1)) -c -x c /dev/null -o "$$TMP",-Wno-$(strip $(1)))
 
 # cc-name
 # Expands to either gcc or clang
-cc-name = $(call shell-cached,$(CC) -v 2>&1 | grep -q "clang version" && echo clang || echo gcc)
+cc-name = $(shell $(CC) -v 2>&1 | grep -q "clang version" && echo clang || echo gcc)
 
 # cc-version
-cc-version = $(call shell-cached,$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-version.sh $(CC))
+cc-version = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-version.sh $(CC))
 
 # cc-fullversion
-cc-fullversion = $(call shell-cached,$(CONFIG_SHELL) \
+cc-fullversion = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) \
         $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-version.sh -p $(CC))
 
 # cc-ifversion
@@ -233,21 +159,21 @@ cc-if-fullversion = $(shell [ $(cc-fullversion) $(1) $(2) ] && echo $(3) || echo
 
 # cc-ldoption
 # Usage: ldflags += $(call cc-ldoption, -Wl$(comma)--hash-style=both)
-cc-ldoption = $(call try-run-cached,\
+cc-ldoption = $(call try-run,\
         $(CC) $(1) $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(CC_OPTION_CFLAGS) -nostdlib -x c /dev/null -o "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
 
 # ld-option
 # Usage: LDFLAGS += $(call ld-option, -X)
-ld-option = $(call try-run-cached, $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(1) -v,$(1),$(2))
+ld-option = $(call try-run, $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(1) -v,$(1),$(2))
 
 # ar-option
 # Usage: KBUILD_ARFLAGS := $(call ar-option,D)
 # Important: no spaces around options
-ar-option = $(call try-run-cached, $(AR) rc$(1) "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
+ar-option = $(call try-run, $(AR) rc$(1) "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
 
 # ld-version
 # Note this is mainly for HJ Lu's 3 number binutil versions
-ld-version = $(call shell-cached,$(LD) --version | $(srctree)/scripts/ld-version.sh)
+ld-version = $(shell $(LD) --version | $(srctree)/scripts/ld-version.sh)
 
 # ld-ifversion
 # Usage:  $(call ld-ifversion, -ge, 22252, y)
diff --git a/scripts/Kconfig.include b/scripts/Kconfig.include
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bf7c0c9fa3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/Kconfig.include
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Kconfig helper macros
+
+# Convenient variables
+comma       := ,
+quote       := "
+squote      := '
+empty       :=
+space       := $(empty) $(empty)
+dollar      := $
+right_paren := )
+left_paren  := (
+
+# $(if-success,<command>,<then>,<else>)
+# Return <then> if <command> exits with 0, <else> otherwise.
+if-success = $(shell,{ $(1); } >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "$(2)" || echo "$(3)")
+
+# $(success,<command>)
+# Return y if <command> exits with 0, n otherwise
+success = $(if-success,$(1),y,n)
+
+# $(cc-option,<flag>)
+# Return y if the compiler supports <flag>, n otherwise
+cc-option = $(success,$(CC) -Werror $(1) -E -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null)
+
+# $(ld-option,<flag>)
+# Return y if the linker supports <flag>, n otherwise
+ld-option = $(success,$(LD) -v $(1))
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore b/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
index 2da579edcbaf..0aabc1d6a182 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 # Generated files
 #
 *.moc
-gconf.glade.h
-*.pot
-*.mo
 
 #
 # configuration programs
@@ -14,4 +11,3 @@ mconf
 nconf
 qconf
 gconf
-kxgettext
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
index 5def8779d7d8..a3ac2c91331c 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Kernel configuration targets
 # These targets are used from top-level makefile
 
-PHONY += xconfig gconfig menuconfig config syncconfig update-po-config \
+PHONY += xconfig gconfig menuconfig config syncconfig \
         localmodconfig localyesconfig
 
 ifdef KBUILD_KCONFIG
@@ -55,29 +55,6 @@ localyesconfig localmodconfig: $(obj)/conf
         fi
         $(Q)rm -f .tmp.config
 
-# Create new linux.pot file
-# Adjust charset to UTF-8 in .po file to accept UTF-8 in Kconfig files
-update-po-config: $(obj)/kxgettext $(obj)/gconf.glade.h
-        $(Q)$(kecho) "  GEN     config.pot"
-        $(Q)xgettext --default-domain=linux                         \
-            --add-comments --keyword=_ --keyword=N_                 \
-            --from-code=UTF-8                                       \
-            --files-from=$(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/POTFILES.in     \
-            --directory=$(srctree) --directory=$(objtree)           \
-            --output $(obj)/config.pot
-        $(Q)sed -i s/CHARSET/UTF-8/ $(obj)/config.pot
-        $(Q)(for i in `ls $(srctree)/arch/*/Kconfig      \
-            $(srctree)/arch/*/um/Kconfig`;               \
-            do                                           \
-                $(kecho) "  GEN     $$i";                    \
-                $(obj)/kxgettext $$i                     \
-                     >> $(obj)/config.pot;               \
-            done )
-        $(Q)$(kecho) "  GEN     linux.pot"
-        $(Q)msguniq --sort-by-file --to-code=UTF-8 $(obj)/config.pot \
-            --output $(obj)/linux.pot
-        $(Q)rm -f $(obj)/config.pot
-
 # These targets map 1:1 to the commandline options of 'conf'
 simple-targets := oldconfig allnoconfig allyesconfig allmodconfig \
         alldefconfig randconfig listnewconfig olddefconfig
@@ -151,8 +128,7 @@ clean-dirs += tests/.cache
 # Help text used by make help
 help:
         @echo  '  config          - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program'
-        @echo  '  nconfig         - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based'
-        @echo  '                    program'
+        @echo  '  nconfig         - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program'
         @echo  '  menuconfig      - Update current config utilising a menu based program'
         @echo  '  xconfig         - Update current config utilising a Qt based front-end'
         @echo  '  gconfig         - Update current config utilising a GTK+ based front-end'
@@ -172,141 +148,77 @@ help:
         @echo  '  kvmconfig       - Enable additional options for kvm guest kernel support'
         @echo  '  xenconfig       - Enable additional options for xen dom0 and guest kernel support'
         @echo  '  tinyconfig      - Configure the tiniest possible kernel'
-
-# lxdialog stuff
-check-lxdialog  := $(srctree)/$(src)/lxdialog/check-lxdialog.sh
-
-# Use recursively expanded variables so we do not call gcc unless
-# we really need to do so. (Do not call gcc as part of make mrproper)
-HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(check-lxdialog) -ccflags) \
-                    -DLOCALE
+        @echo  '  testconfig      - Run Kconfig unit tests (requires python3 and pytest)'
 
 # ===========================================================================
 # Shared Makefile for the various kconfig executables:
 # conf:   Used for defconfig, oldconfig and related targets
-# nconf:  Used for the nconfig target.
-#         Utilizes ncurses
-# mconf:  Used for the menuconfig target
-#         Utilizes the lxdialog package
-# qconf:  Used for the xconfig target
-#         Based on Qt which needs to be installed to compile it
-# gconf:  Used for the gconfig target
-#         Based on GTK+ which needs to be installed to compile it
 # object files used by all kconfig flavours
 
-lxdialog := lxdialog/checklist.o lxdialog/util.o lxdialog/inputbox.o
-lxdialog += lxdialog/textbox.o lxdialog/yesno.o lxdialog/menubox.o
-
 conf-objs       := conf.o  zconf.tab.o
-mconf-objs     := mconf.o zconf.tab.o $(lxdialog)
-nconf-objs     := nconf.o zconf.tab.o nconf.gui.o
-kxgettext-objs  := kxgettext.o zconf.tab.o
-qconf-cxxobjs   := qconf.o
-qconf-objs      := zconf.tab.o
-gconf-objs      := gconf.o zconf.tab.o
 
-hostprogs-y := conf nconf mconf kxgettext qconf gconf
+hostprogs-y := conf
 
 targets         += zconf.lex.c
-clean-files     := qconf.moc .tmp_qtcheck .tmp_gtkcheck
-clean-files     += gconf.glade.h
-clean-files     += config.pot linux.pot
-
-# Check that we have the required ncurses stuff installed for lxdialog (menuconfig)
-PHONY += $(obj)/dochecklxdialog
-$(addprefix $(obj)/, mconf.o $(lxdialog)): $(obj)/dochecklxdialog
-$(obj)/dochecklxdialog:
-        $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(check-lxdialog) -check $(HOSTCC) $(HOST_EXTRACFLAGS) $(HOSTLOADLIBES_mconf)
-
-always := dochecklxdialog
-
-# Add environment specific flags
-HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/$(src)/check.sh $(HOSTCC) $(HOSTCFLAGS))
-HOST_EXTRACXXFLAGS += $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/$(src)/check.sh $(HOSTCXX) $(HOSTCXXFLAGS))
 
 # generated files seem to need this to find local include files
 HOSTCFLAGS_zconf.lex.o  := -I$(src)
 HOSTCFLAGS_zconf.tab.o  := -I$(src)
 
-HOSTLOADLIBES_qconf     = $(KC_QT_LIBS)
-HOSTCXXFLAGS_qconf.o    = $(KC_QT_CFLAGS)
-
-HOSTLOADLIBES_gconf     = `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0 gmodule-2.0 libglade-2.0`
-HOSTCFLAGS_gconf.o      = `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0 gmodule-2.0 libglade-2.0` \
-                          -Wno-missing-prototypes
-
-HOSTLOADLIBES_mconf   = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(check-lxdialog) -ldflags $(HOSTCC))
-
-HOSTLOADLIBES_nconf     = $(shell \
-                                pkg-config --libs menuw panelw ncursesw 2>/dev/null \
-                                || pkg-config --libs menu panel ncurses 2>/dev/null \
-                                || echo "-lmenu -lpanel -lncurses"  )
-$(obj)/qconf.o: $(obj)/.tmp_qtcheck
-
-ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),xconfig)
-$(obj)/.tmp_qtcheck: $(src)/Makefile
--include $(obj)/.tmp_qtcheck
-
-# Qt needs some extra effort...
-$(obj)/.tmp_qtcheck:
-        @set -e; $(kecho) "  CHECK   qt"; \
-        if pkg-config --exists Qt5Core; then \
-            cflags="-std=c++11 -fPIC `pkg-config --cflags Qt5Core Qt5Gui Qt5Widgets`"; \
-            libs=`pkg-config --libs Qt5Core Qt5Gui Qt5Widgets`; \
-            moc=`pkg-config --variable=host_bins Qt5Core`/moc; \
-        elif pkg-config --exists QtCore; then \
-            cflags=`pkg-config --cflags QtCore QtGui`; \
-            libs=`pkg-config --libs QtCore QtGui`; \
-            moc=`pkg-config --variable=moc_location QtCore`; \
-        else \
-            echo >&2 "*"; \
-            echo >&2 "* Could not find Qt via pkg-config."; \
-            echo >&2 "* Please install either Qt 4.8 or 5.x. and make sure it's in PKG_CONFIG_PATH"; \
-            echo >&2 "*"; \
-            exit 1; \
-        fi; \
-        echo "KC_QT_CFLAGS=$$cflags" > $@; \
-        echo "KC_QT_LIBS=$$libs" >> $@; \
-        echo "KC_QT_MOC=$$moc" >> $@
-endif
+# nconf: Used for the nconfig target based on ncurses
+hostprogs-y     += nconf
+nconf-objs      := nconf.o zconf.tab.o nconf.gui.o
 
-$(obj)/gconf.o: $(obj)/.tmp_gtkcheck
-
-ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),gconfig)
--include $(obj)/.tmp_gtkcheck
-
-# GTK+ needs some extra effort, too...
-$(obj)/.tmp_gtkcheck:
-        @if `pkg-config --exists gtk+-2.0 gmodule-2.0 libglade-2.0`; then               \
-                if `pkg-config --atleast-version=2.0.0 gtk+-2.0`; then                  \
-                        touch $@;                                                               \
-                else                                                                    \
-                        echo >&2 "*";                                                   \
-                        echo >&2 "* GTK+ is present but version >= 2.0.0 is required."; \
-                        echo >&2 "*";                                                   \
-                        false;                                                          \
-                fi                                                                      \
-        else                                                                            \
-                echo >&2 "*";                                                           \
-                echo >&2 "* Unable to find the GTK+ installation. Please make sure that";       \
-                echo >&2 "* the GTK+ 2.0 development package is correctly installed...";        \
-                echo >&2 "* You need gtk+-2.0, glib-2.0 and libglade-2.0.";             \
-                echo >&2 "*";                                                           \
-                false;                                                                  \
-        fi
-endif
+HOSTLOADLIBES_nconf     = $(shell . $(obj)/.nconf-cfg && echo $$libs)
+HOSTCFLAGS_nconf.o      = $(shell . $(obj)/.nconf-cfg && echo $$cflags)
+HOSTCFLAGS_nconf.gui.o  = $(shell . $(obj)/.nconf-cfg && echo $$cflags)
 
-$(obj)/zconf.tab.o: $(obj)/zconf.lex.c
+$(obj)/nconf.o: $(obj)/.nconf-cfg
+
+# mconf: Used for the menuconfig target based on lxdialog
+hostprogs-y     += mconf
+lxdialog        := checklist.o inputbox.o menubox.o textbox.o util.o yesno.o
+mconf-objs      := mconf.o zconf.tab.o $(addprefix lxdialog/, $(lxdialog))
 
-$(obj)/qconf.o: $(obj)/qconf.moc
+HOSTLOADLIBES_mconf = $(shell . $(obj)/.mconf-cfg && echo $$libs)
+$(foreach f, mconf.o $(lxdialog), \
+  $(eval HOSTCFLAGS_$f = $$(shell . $(obj)/.mconf-cfg && echo $$$$cflags)))
+
+$(addprefix $(obj)/, mconf.o $(lxdialog)): $(obj)/.mconf-cfg
+
+# qconf: Used for the xconfig target based on Qt
+hostprogs-y     += qconf
+qconf-cxxobjs   := qconf.o
+qconf-objs      := zconf.tab.o
+
+HOSTLOADLIBES_qconf     = $(shell . $(obj)/.qconf-cfg && echo $$libs)
+HOSTCXXFLAGS_qconf.o    = $(shell . $(obj)/.qconf-cfg && echo $$cflags)
+
+$(obj)/qconf.o: $(obj)/.qconf-cfg $(obj)/qconf.moc
 
 quiet_cmd_moc = MOC     $@
-      cmd_moc = $(KC_QT_MOC) -i $< -o $@
+      cmd_moc = $(shell . $(obj)/.qconf-cfg && echo $$moc) -i $< -o $@
 
-$(obj)/%.moc: $(src)/%.h $(obj)/.tmp_qtcheck
+$(obj)/%.moc: $(src)/%.h $(obj)/.qconf-cfg
         $(call cmd,moc)
 
-# Extract gconf menu items for i18n support
-$(obj)/gconf.glade.h: $(obj)/gconf.glade
-        $(Q)intltool-extract --type=gettext/glade --srcdir=$(srctree) \
-        $(obj)/gconf.glade
+# gconf: Used for the gconfig target based on GTK+
+hostprogs-y     += gconf
+gconf-objs      := gconf.o zconf.tab.o
+
+HOSTLOADLIBES_gconf = $(shell . $(obj)/.gconf-cfg && echo $$libs)
+HOSTCFLAGS_gconf.o  = $(shell . $(obj)/.gconf-cfg && echo $$cflags)
+
+$(obj)/gconf.o: $(obj)/.gconf-cfg
+
+$(obj)/zconf.tab.o: $(obj)/zconf.lex.c
+
+# check if necessary packages are available, and configure build flags
+define filechk_conf_cfg
+        $(CONFIG_SHELL) $<
+endef
+
+$(obj)/.%conf-cfg: $(src)/%conf-cfg.sh FORCE
+        $(call filechk,conf_cfg)
+
+clean-files += .*conf-cfg
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/POTFILES.in b/scripts/kconfig/POTFILES.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 967457396990..000000000000
--- a/scripts/kconfig/POTFILES.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.c
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.c
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.c
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.c
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.c
-scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.c
-scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
-scripts/kconfig/conf.c
-scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
-scripts/kconfig/gconf.c
-scripts/kconfig/gconf.glade.h
-scripts/kconfig/qconf.cc
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/check.sh b/scripts/kconfig/check.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 97f0fee7d173..000000000000
--- a/scripts/kconfig/check.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-# Needed for systems without gettext
-$* -x c -o /dev/null - > /dev/null 2>&1 << EOF
-#include <libintl.h>
-int main()
-{
-        gettext("");
-        return 0;
-}
-EOF
-if [ ! "$?" -eq "0"  ]; then
-        echo -DKBUILD_NO_NLS;
-fi
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
index 283eeedaa4fa..671ff5364497 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * Released under the terms of the GNU GPL v2.0.
  */
 
-#include <locale.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ static int conf_askvalue(struct symbol *sym, const char *def)
         enum symbol_type type = sym_get_type(sym);
 
         if (!sym_has_value(sym))
-                printf(_("(NEW) "));
+                printf("(NEW) ");
 
         line[0] = '\n';
         line[1] = 0;
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ static int conf_string(struct menu *menu)
         const char *def;
 
         while (1) {
-                printf("%*s%s ", indent - 1, "", _(menu->prompt->text));
+                printf("%*s%s ", indent - 1, "", menu->prompt->text);
                 printf("(%s) ", sym->name);
                 def = sym_get_string_value(sym);
                 if (sym_get_string_value(sym))
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ static int conf_sym(struct menu *menu)
         tristate oldval, newval;
 
         while (1) {
-                printf("%*s%s ", indent - 1, "", _(menu->prompt->text));
+                printf("%*s%s ", indent - 1, "", menu->prompt->text);
                 if (sym->name)
                         printf("(%s) ", sym->name);
                 putchar('[');
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ static int conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                 case no:
                         return 1;
                 case mod:
-                        printf("%*s%s\n", indent - 1, "", _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                        printf("%*s%s\n", indent - 1, "", menu_get_prompt(menu));
                         return 0;
                 case yes:
                         break;
@@ -261,7 +260,7 @@ static int conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
         while (1) {
                 int cnt, def;
 
-                printf("%*s%s\n", indent - 1, "", _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                printf("%*s%s\n", indent - 1, "", menu_get_prompt(menu));
                 def_sym = sym_get_choice_value(sym);
                 cnt = def = 0;
                 line[0] = 0;
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ static int conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                         if (!menu_is_visible(child))
                                 continue;
                         if (!child->sym) {
-                                printf("%*c %s\n", indent, '*', _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                printf("%*c %s\n", indent, '*', menu_get_prompt(child));
                                 continue;
                         }
                         cnt++;
@@ -278,14 +277,14 @@ static int conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                                 printf("%*c", indent, '>');
                         } else
                                 printf("%*c", indent, ' ');
-                        printf(" %d. %s", cnt, _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                        printf(" %d. %s", cnt, menu_get_prompt(child));
                         if (child->sym->name)
                                 printf(" (%s)", child->sym->name);
                         if (!sym_has_value(child->sym))
-                                printf(_(" (NEW)"));
+                                printf(" (NEW)");
                         printf("\n");
                 }
-                printf(_("%*schoice"), indent - 1, "");
+                printf("%*schoice", indent - 1, "");
                 if (cnt == 1) {
                         printf("[1]: 1\n");
                         goto conf_childs;
@@ -372,7 +371,7 @@ static void conf(struct menu *menu)
                         if (prompt)
                                 printf("%*c\n%*c %s\n%*c\n",
                                         indent, '*',
-                                        indent, '*', _(prompt),
+                                        indent, '*', prompt,
                                         indent, '*');
                 default:
                         ;
@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ static void check_conf(struct menu *menu)
                                 }
                         } else {
                                 if (!conf_cnt++)
-                                        printf(_("*\n* Restart config...\n*\n"));
+                                        printf("*\n* Restart config...\n*\n");
                                 rootEntry = menu_get_parent_menu(menu);
                                 conf(rootEntry);
                         }
@@ -498,10 +497,6 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         const char *name, *defconfig_file = NULL /* gcc uninit */;
         struct stat tmpstat;
 
-        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
-        textdomain(PACKAGE);
-
         tty_stdio = isatty(0) && isatty(1);
 
         while ((opt = getopt_long(ac, av, "s", long_opts, NULL)) != -1) {
@@ -559,7 +554,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                 }
         }
         if (ac == optind) {
-                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Kconfig file missing\n"), av[0]);
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: Kconfig file missing\n", av[0]);
                 conf_usage(progname);
                 exit(1);
         }
@@ -569,12 +564,12 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         if (sync_kconfig) {
                 name = conf_get_configname();
                 if (stat(name, &tmpstat)) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("***\n"
+                        fprintf(stderr, "***\n"
                                 "*** Configuration file \"%s\" not found!\n"
                                 "***\n"
                                 "*** Please run some configurator (e.g. \"make oldconfig\" or\n"
                                 "*** \"make menuconfig\" or \"make xconfig\").\n"
-                                "***\n"), name);
+                                "***\n", name);
                         exit(1);
                 }
         }
@@ -585,9 +580,9 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                         defconfig_file = conf_get_default_confname();
                 if (conf_read(defconfig_file)) {
                         fprintf(stderr,
-                                _("***\n"
+                                "***\n"
                                   "*** Can't find default configuration \"%s\"!\n"
-                                  "***\n"),
+                                  "***\n",
                                 defconfig_file);
                         exit(1);
                 }
@@ -611,7 +606,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                 if ((strcmp(name, "") != 0) && (strcmp(name, "1") != 0)) {
                         if (conf_read_simple(name, S_DEF_USER)) {
                                 fprintf(stderr,
-                                        _("*** Can't read seed configuration \"%s\"!\n"),
+                                        "*** Can't read seed configuration \"%s\"!\n",
                                         name);
                                 exit(1);
                         }
@@ -628,7 +623,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                 if (conf_read_simple(name, S_DEF_USER) &&
                     conf_read_simple("all.config", S_DEF_USER)) {
                         fprintf(stderr,
-                                _("*** KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG set, but no \"%s\" or \"all.config\" file found\n"),
+                                "*** KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG set, but no \"%s\" or \"all.config\" file found\n",
                                 name);
                         exit(1);
                 }
@@ -642,7 +637,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                         name = getenv("KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE");
                         if (name && *name) {
                                 fprintf(stderr,
-                                        _("\n*** The configuration requires explicit update.\n\n"));
+                                        "\n*** The configuration requires explicit update.\n\n");
                                 return 1;
                         }
                 }
@@ -694,22 +689,22 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                  * All other commands are only used to generate a config.
                  */
                 if (conf_get_changed() && conf_write(NULL)) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("\n*** Error during writing of the configuration.\n\n"));
+                        fprintf(stderr, "\n*** Error during writing of the configuration.\n\n");
                         exit(1);
                 }
                 if (conf_write_autoconf()) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("\n*** Error during update of the configuration.\n\n"));
+                        fprintf(stderr, "\n*** Error during update of the configuration.\n\n");
                         return 1;
                 }
         } else if (input_mode == savedefconfig) {
                 if (conf_write_defconfig(defconfig_file)) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("n*** Error while saving defconfig to: %s\n\n"),
+                        fprintf(stderr, "n*** Error while saving defconfig to: %s\n\n",
                                 defconfig_file);
                         return 1;
                 }
         } else if (input_mode != listnewconfig) {
                 if (conf_write(NULL)) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("\n*** Error during writing of the configuration.\n\n"));
+                        fprintf(stderr, "\n*** Error during writing of the configuration.\n\n");
                         exit(1);
                 }
         }
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c b/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
index df26c7b0fe13..39e20974f4a3 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static void conf_message(const char *fmt, ...)
 static const char *conf_filename;
 static int conf_lineno, conf_warnings;
 
-const char conf_defname[] = "arch/$ARCH/defconfig";
+const char conf_defname[] = "arch/$(ARCH)/defconfig";
 
 static void conf_warning(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -81,39 +81,13 @@ const char *conf_get_autoconfig_name(void)
         return name ? name : "include/config/auto.conf";
 }
 
-static char *conf_expand_value(const char *in)
-{
-        struct symbol *sym;
-        const char *src;
-        static char res_value[SYMBOL_MAXLENGTH];
-        char *dst, name[SYMBOL_MAXLENGTH];
-
-        res_value[0] = 0;
-        dst = name;
-        while ((src = strchr(in, '$'))) {
-                strncat(res_value, in, src - in);
-                src++;
-                dst = name;
-                while (isalnum(*src) || *src == '_')
-                        *dst++ = *src++;
-                *dst = 0;
-                sym = sym_lookup(name, 0);
-                sym_calc_value(sym);
-                strcat(res_value, sym_get_string_value(sym));
-                in = src;
-        }
-        strcat(res_value, in);
-
-        return res_value;
-}
-
 char *conf_get_default_confname(void)
 {
         struct stat buf;
         static char fullname[PATH_MAX+1];
         char *env, *name;
 
-        name = conf_expand_value(conf_defname);
+        name = expand_string(conf_defname);
         env = getenv(SRCTREE);
         if (env) {
                 sprintf(fullname, "%s/%s", env, name);
@@ -274,10 +248,11 @@ int conf_read_simple(const char *name, int def)
                         if (expr_calc_value(prop->visible.expr) == no ||
                             prop->expr->type != E_SYMBOL)
                                 continue;
-                        name = conf_expand_value(prop->expr->left.sym->name);
+                        sym_calc_value(prop->expr->left.sym);
+                        name = sym_get_string_value(prop->expr->left.sym);
                         in = zconf_fopen(name);
                         if (in) {
-                                conf_message(_("using defaults found in %s"),
+                                conf_message("using defaults found in %s",
                                          name);
                                 goto load;
                         }
@@ -745,7 +720,7 @@ int conf_write(const char *name)
         struct menu *menu;
         const char *basename;
         const char *str;
-        char dirname[PATH_MAX+1], tmpname[PATH_MAX+1], newname[PATH_MAX+1];
+        char dirname[PATH_MAX+1], tmpname[PATH_MAX+22], newname[PATH_MAX+8];
         char *env;
 
         dirname[0] = 0;
@@ -831,7 +806,7 @@ next:
                         return 1;
         }
 
-        conf_message(_("configuration written to %s"), newname);
+        conf_message("configuration written to %s", newname);
 
         sym_set_change_count(0);
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..533b3d8f8f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+PKG="gtk+-2.0 gmodule-2.0 libglade-2.0"
+
+if ! pkg-config --exists $PKG; then
+        echo >&2 "*"
+        echo >&2 "* Unable to find the GTK+ installation. Please make sure that"
+        echo >&2 "* the GTK+ 2.0 development package is correctly installed."
+        echo >&2 "* You need $PKG"
+        echo >&2 "*"
+        exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! pkg-config --atleast-version=2.0.0 gtk+-2.0; then
+        echo >&2 "*"
+        echo >&2 "* GTK+ is present but version >= 2.0.0 is required."
+        echo >&2 "*"
+        exit 1
+fi
+
+echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG)\"
+echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG)\"
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/gconf.c b/scripts/kconfig/gconf.c
index cfddddb9c9d7..610c4ab54d76 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/gconf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/gconf.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void init_main_window(const gchar * glade_file)
 
         xml = glade_xml_new(glade_file, "window1", NULL);
         if (!xml)
-                g_error(_("GUI loading failed !\n"));
+                g_error("GUI loading failed !\n");
         glade_xml_signal_autoconnect(xml);
 
         main_wnd = glade_xml_get_widget(xml, "window1");
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ void init_left_tree(void)
 
         column = gtk_tree_view_column_new();
         gtk_tree_view_append_column(view, column);
-        gtk_tree_view_column_set_title(column, _("Options"));
+        gtk_tree_view_column_set_title(column, "Options");
 
         renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_toggle_new();
         gtk_tree_view_column_pack_start(GTK_TREE_VIEW_COLUMN(column),
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ void init_right_tree(void)
 
         column = gtk_tree_view_column_new();
         gtk_tree_view_append_column(view, column);
-        gtk_tree_view_column_set_title(column, _("Options"));
+        gtk_tree_view_column_set_title(column, "Options");
 
         renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_pixbuf_new();
         gtk_tree_view_column_pack_start(GTK_TREE_VIEW_COLUMN(column),
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ void init_right_tree(void)
 
         renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new();
         gtk_tree_view_insert_column_with_attributes(view, -1,
-                                                    _("Name"), renderer,
+                                                    "Name", renderer,
                                                     "text", COL_NAME,
                                                     "foreground-gdk",
                                                     COL_COLOR, NULL);
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ void init_right_tree(void)
                                                     COL_COLOR, NULL);
         renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new();
         gtk_tree_view_insert_column_with_attributes(view, -1,
-                                                    _("Value"), renderer,
+                                                    "Value", renderer,
                                                     "text", COL_VALUE,
                                                     "editable",
                                                     COL_EDIT,
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ static void text_insert_help(struct menu *menu)
 {
         GtkTextBuffer *buffer;
         GtkTextIter start, end;
-        const char *prompt = _(menu_get_prompt(menu));
+        const char *prompt = menu_get_prompt(menu);
         struct gstr help = str_new();
 
         menu_get_ext_help(menu, &help);
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ gboolean on_window1_delete_event(GtkWidget * widget, GdkEvent * event,
         if (!conf_get_changed())
                 return FALSE;
 
-        dialog = gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons(_("Warning !"),
+        dialog = gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons("Warning !",
                                              GTK_WINDOW(main_wnd),
                                              (GtkDialogFlags)
                                              (GTK_DIALOG_MODAL |
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ gboolean on_window1_delete_event(GtkWidget * widget, GdkEvent * event,
         gtk_dialog_set_default_response(GTK_DIALOG(dialog),
                                         GTK_RESPONSE_CANCEL);
 
-        label = gtk_label_new(_("\nSave configuration ?\n"));
+        label = gtk_label_new("\nSave configuration ?\n");
         gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)->vbox), label);
         gtk_widget_show(label);
 
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ load_filename(GtkFileSelection * file_selector, gpointer user_data)
                                              (user_data));
 
         if (conf_read(fn))
-                text_insert_msg(_("Error"), _("Unable to load configuration !"));
+                text_insert_msg("Error", "Unable to load configuration !");
         else
                 display_tree(&rootmenu);
 }
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ void on_load1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         GtkWidget *fs;
 
-        fs = gtk_file_selection_new(_("Load file..."));
+        fs = gtk_file_selection_new("Load file...");
         g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(fs)->ok_button),
                          "clicked",
                          G_CALLBACK(load_filename), (gpointer) fs);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ void on_load1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 void on_save_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         if (conf_write(NULL))
-                text_insert_msg(_("Error"), _("Unable to save configuration !"));
+                text_insert_msg("Error", "Unable to save configuration !");
 }
 
 
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ store_filename(GtkFileSelection * file_selector, gpointer user_data)
                                              (user_data));
 
         if (conf_write(fn))
-                text_insert_msg(_("Error"), _("Unable to save configuration !"));
+                text_insert_msg("Error", "Unable to save configuration !");
 
         gtk_widget_destroy(GTK_WIDGET(user_data));
 }
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ void on_save_as1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         GtkWidget *fs;
 
-        fs = gtk_file_selection_new(_("Save file as..."));
+        fs = gtk_file_selection_new("Save file as...");
         g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(fs)->ok_button),
                          "clicked",
                          G_CALLBACK(store_filename), (gpointer) fs);
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ on_set_option_mode3_activate(GtkMenuItem *menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 void on_introduction1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         GtkWidget *dialog;
-        const gchar *intro_text = _(
+        const gchar *intro_text = 
             "Welcome to gkc, the GTK+ graphical configuration tool\n"
             "For each option, a blank box indicates the feature is disabled, a\n"
             "check indicates it is enabled, and a dot indicates that it is to\n"
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ void on_introduction1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
             "option.\n"
             "\n"
             "Toggling Show Debug Info under the Options menu will show \n"
-            "the dependencies, which you can then match by examining other options.");
+            "the dependencies, which you can then match by examining other options.";
 
         dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(main_wnd),
                                         GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
@@ -671,8 +671,8 @@ void on_about1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         GtkWidget *dialog;
         const gchar *about_text =
-            _("gkc is copyright (c) 2002 Romain Lievin <roms@lpg.ticalc.org>.\n"
-              "Based on the source code from Roman Zippel.\n");
+            "gkc is copyright (c) 2002 Romain Lievin <roms@lpg.ticalc.org>.\n"
+              "Based on the source code from Roman Zippel.\n";
 
         dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(main_wnd),
                                         GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
@@ -689,9 +689,9 @@ void on_license1_activate(GtkMenuItem * menuitem, gpointer user_data)
 {
         GtkWidget *dialog;
         const gchar *license_text =
-            _("gkc is released under the terms of the GNU GPL v2.\n"
+            "gkc is released under the terms of the GNU GPL v2.\n"
               "For more information, please see the source code or\n"
-              "visit http://www.fsf.org/licenses/licenses.html\n");
+              "visit http://www.fsf.org/licenses/licenses.html\n";
 
         dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(main_wnd),
                                         GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ static gchar **fill_row(struct menu *menu)
         bzero(row, sizeof(row));
 
         row[COL_OPTION] =
-            g_strdup_printf("%s %s", _(menu_get_prompt(menu)),
+            g_strdup_printf("%s %s", menu_get_prompt(menu),
                             sym && !sym_has_value(sym) ? "(NEW)" : "");
 
         if (opt_mode == OPT_ALL && !menu_is_visible(menu))
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ static gchar **fill_row(struct menu *menu)
 
                 if (def_menu)
                         row[COL_VALUE] =
-                            g_strdup(_(menu_get_prompt(def_menu)));
+                            g_strdup(menu_get_prompt(def_menu));
         }
         if (sym->flags & SYMBOL_CHOICEVAL)
                 row[COL_BTNRAD] = GINT_TO_POINTER(TRUE);
@@ -1447,10 +1447,6 @@ int main(int ac, char *av[])
         char *env;
         gchar *glade_file;
 
-        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
-        bind_textdomain_codeset(PACKAGE, "UTF-8");
-        textdomain(PACKAGE);
-
         /* GTK stuffs */
         gtk_set_locale();
         gtk_init(&ac, &av);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/kconf_id.c b/scripts/kconfig/kconf_id.c
index 3ea9c5f9f730..b3e0ea0ac732 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/kconf_id.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/kconf_id.c
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ static struct kconf_id kconf_id_array[] = {
         { "on",                 T_ON,                   TF_PARAM },
         { "modules",            T_OPT_MODULES,          TF_OPTION },
         { "defconfig_list",     T_OPT_DEFCONFIG_LIST,   TF_OPTION },
-        { "env",                T_OPT_ENV,              TF_OPTION },
         { "allnoconfig_y",      T_OPT_ALLNOCONFIG_Y,    TF_OPTION },
 };
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.c b/scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 240880a89111..000000000000
--- a/scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br>, 2005
- *
- * Released under the terms of the GNU GPL v2.0
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "lkc.h"
-
-static char *escape(const char* text, char *bf, int len)
-{
-        char *bfp = bf;
-        int multiline = strchr(text, '\n') != NULL;
-        int eol = 0;
-        int textlen = strlen(text);
-
-        if ((textlen > 0) && (text[textlen-1] == '\n'))
-                eol = 1;
-
-        *bfp++ = '"';
-        --len;
-
-        if (multiline) {
-                *bfp++ = '"';
-                *bfp++ = '\n';
-                *bfp++ = '"';
-                len -= 3;
-        }
-
-        while (*text != '\0' && len > 1) {
-                if (*text == '"')
-                        *bfp++ = '\\';
-                else if (*text == '\n') {
-                        *bfp++ = '\\';
-                        *bfp++ = 'n';
-                        *bfp++ = '"';
-                        *bfp++ = '\n';
-                        *bfp++ = '"';
-                        len -= 5;
-                        ++text;
-                        goto next;
-                }
-                else if (*text == '\\') {
-                        *bfp++ = '\\';
-                        len--;
-                }
-                *bfp++ = *text++;
-next:
-                --len;
-        }
-
-        if (multiline && eol)
-                bfp -= 3;
-
-        *bfp++ = '"';
-        *bfp = '\0';
-
-        return bf;
-}
-
-struct file_line {
-        struct file_line *next;
-        const char *file;
-        int lineno;
-};
-
-static struct file_line *file_line__new(const char *file, int lineno)
-{
-        struct file_line *self = malloc(sizeof(*self));
-
-        if (self == NULL)
-                goto out;
-
-        self->file   = file;
-        self->lineno = lineno;
-        self->next   = NULL;
-out:
-        return self;
-}
-
-struct message {
-        const char       *msg;
-        const char       *option;
-        struct message   *next;
-        struct file_line *files;
-};
-
-static struct message *message__list;
-
-static struct message *message__new(const char *msg, char *option,
-                                    const char *file, int lineno)
-{
-        struct message *self = malloc(sizeof(*self));
-
-        if (self == NULL)
-                goto out;
-
-        self->files = file_line__new(file, lineno);
-        if (self->files == NULL)
-                goto out_fail;
-
-        self->msg = xstrdup(msg);
-        if (self->msg == NULL)
-                goto out_fail_msg;
-
-        self->option = option;
-        self->next = NULL;
-out:
-        return self;
-out_fail_msg:
-        free(self->files);
-out_fail:
-        free(self);
-        self = NULL;
-        goto out;
-}
-
-static struct message *mesage__find(const char *msg)
-{
-        struct message *m = message__list;
-
-        while (m != NULL) {
-                if (strcmp(m->msg, msg) == 0)
-                        break;
-                m = m->next;
-        }
-
-        return m;
-}
-
-static int message__add_file_line(struct message *self, const char *file,
-                                  int lineno)
-{
-        int rc = -1;
-        struct file_line *fl = file_line__new(file, lineno);
-
-        if (fl == NULL)
-                goto out;
-
-        fl->next    = self->files;
-        self->files = fl;
-        rc = 0;
-out:
-        return rc;
-}
-
-static int message__add(const char *msg, char *option, const char *file,
-                        int lineno)
-{
-        int rc = 0;
-        char bf[16384];
-        char *escaped = escape(msg, bf, sizeof(bf));
-        struct message *m = mesage__find(escaped);
-
-        if (m != NULL)
-                rc = message__add_file_line(m, file, lineno);
-        else {
-                m = message__new(escaped, option, file, lineno);
-
-                if (m != NULL) {
-                        m->next       = message__list;
-                        message__list = m;
-                } else
-                        rc = -1;
-        }
-        return rc;
-}
-
-static void menu_build_message_list(struct menu *menu)
-{
-        struct menu *child;
-
-        message__add(menu_get_prompt(menu), NULL,
-                     menu->file == NULL ? "Root Menu" : menu->file->name,
-                     menu->lineno);
-
-        if (menu->sym != NULL && menu_has_help(menu))
-                message__add(menu_get_help(menu), menu->sym->name,
-                             menu->file == NULL ? "Root Menu" : menu->file->name,
-                             menu->lineno);
-
-        for (child = menu->list; child != NULL; child = child->next)
-                if (child->prompt != NULL)
-                        menu_build_message_list(child);
-}
-
-static void message__print_file_lineno(struct message *self)
-{
-        struct file_line *fl = self->files;
-
-        putchar('\n');
-        if (self->option != NULL)
-                printf("# %s:00000\n", self->option);
-
-        printf("#: %s:%d", fl->file, fl->lineno);
-        fl = fl->next;
-
-        while (fl != NULL) {
-                printf(", %s:%d", fl->file, fl->lineno);
-                fl = fl->next;
-        }
-
-        putchar('\n');
-}
-
-static void message__print_gettext_msgid_msgstr(struct message *self)
-{
-        message__print_file_lineno(self);
-
-        printf("msgid %s\n"
-               "msgstr \"\"\n", self->msg);
-}
-
-static void menu__xgettext(void)
-{
-        struct message *m = message__list;
-
-        while (m != NULL) {
-                /* skip empty lines ("") */
-                if (strlen(m->msg) > sizeof("\"\""))
-                        message__print_gettext_msgid_msgstr(m);
-                m = m->next;
-        }
-}
-
-int main(int ac, char **av)
-{
-        conf_parse(av[1]);
-
-        menu_build_message_list(menu_get_root_menu(NULL));
-        menu__xgettext();
-        return 0;
-}
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
index f4394af6e4b8..ed3ff88e60ba 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
@@ -8,15 +8,6 @@
 
 #include "expr.h"
 
-#ifndef KBUILD_NO_NLS
-# include <libintl.h>
-#else
-static inline const char *gettext(const char *txt) { return txt; }
-static inline void textdomain(const char *domainname) {}
-static inline void bindtextdomain(const char *name, const char *dir) {}
-static inline char *bind_textdomain_codeset(const char *dn, char *c) { return c; }
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -29,11 +20,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #define PACKAGE "linux"
 #endif
 
-#define LOCALEDIR "/usr/share/locale"
-
-#define _(text) gettext(text)
-#define N_(text) (text)
-
 #ifndef CONFIG_
 #define CONFIG_ "CONFIG_"
 #endif
@@ -58,7 +44,6 @@ enum conf_def_mode {
 
 #define T_OPT_MODULES           1
 #define T_OPT_DEFCONFIG_LIST    2
-#define T_OPT_ENV               3
 #define T_OPT_ALLNOCONFIG_Y     4
 
 struct kconf_id {
@@ -117,6 +102,7 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size);
 void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
 void *xrealloc(void *p, size_t size);
 char *xstrdup(const char *s);
+char *xstrndup(const char *s, size_t n);
 
 struct gstr {
         size_t len;
@@ -134,9 +120,6 @@ void str_printf(struct gstr *gs, const char *fmt, ...);
 const char *str_get(struct gstr *gs);
 
 /* symbol.c */
-extern struct expr *sym_env_list;
-
-void sym_init(void);
 void sym_clear_all_valid(void);
 struct symbol *sym_choice_default(struct symbol *sym);
 const char *sym_get_string_default(struct symbol *sym);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h b/scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h
index 9dc8abfb1dc3..a8b7a330587e 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ extern struct symbol * symbol_hash[SYMBOL_HASHSIZE];
 
 struct symbol * sym_lookup(const char *name, int flags);
 struct symbol * sym_find(const char *name);
-char *sym_expand_string_value(const char *in);
 const char * sym_escape_string_value(const char *in);
 struct symbol ** sym_re_search(const char *pattern);
 const char * sym_type_name(enum symbol_type type);
@@ -49,5 +48,19 @@ const char * sym_get_string_value(struct symbol *sym);
 
 const char * prop_get_type_name(enum prop_type type);
 
+/* preprocess.c */
+enum variable_flavor {
+        VAR_SIMPLE,
+        VAR_RECURSIVE,
+        VAR_APPEND,
+};
+void env_write_dep(FILE *f, const char *auto_conf_name);
+void variable_add(const char *name, const char *value,
+                  enum variable_flavor flavor);
+void variable_all_del(void);
+char *expand_string(const char *in);
+char *expand_dollar(const char **str);
+char *expand_one_token(const char **str);
+
 /* expr.c */
 void expr_print(struct expr *e, void (*fn)(void *, struct symbol *, const char *), void *data, int prevtoken);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/check-lxdialog.sh b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/check-lxdialog.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 6c0bcd9c472d..000000000000
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/check-lxdialog.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-# Check ncurses compatibility
-
-# What library to link
-ldflags()
-{
-        pkg-config --libs ncursesw 2>/dev/null && exit
-        pkg-config --libs ncurses 2>/dev/null && exit
-        for ext in so a dll.a dylib ; do
-                for lib in ncursesw ncurses curses ; do
-                        $cc -print-file-name=lib${lib}.${ext} | grep -q /
-                        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
-                                echo "-l${lib}"
-                                exit
-                        fi
-                done
-        done
-        exit 1
-}
-
-# Where is ncurses.h?
-ccflags()
-{
-        if pkg-config --cflags ncursesw 2>/dev/null; then
-                echo '-DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>" -DNCURSES_WIDECHAR=1'
-        elif pkg-config --cflags ncurses 2>/dev/null; then
-                echo '-DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>"'
-        elif [ -f /usr/include/ncursesw/curses.h ]; then
-                echo '-I/usr/include/ncursesw -DCURSES_LOC="<curses.h>"'
-                echo ' -DNCURSES_WIDECHAR=1'
-        elif [ -f /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h ]; then
-                echo '-I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>"'
-        elif [ -f /usr/include/ncurses/curses.h ]; then
-                echo '-I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC="<curses.h>"'
-        elif [ -f /usr/include/ncurses.h ]; then
-                echo '-DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>"'
-        else
-                echo '-DCURSES_LOC="<curses.h>"'
-        fi
-}
-
-# Temp file, try to clean up after us
-tmp=.lxdialog.tmp
-trap "rm -f $tmp" 0 1 2 3 15
-
-# Check if we can link to ncurses
-check() {
-        $cc -x c - -o $tmp 2>/dev/null <<'EOF'
-#include CURSES_LOC
-main() {}
-EOF
-        if [ $? != 0 ]; then
-            echo " *** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the"       1>&2
-            echo " *** required header files."                            1>&2
-            echo " *** 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries." 1>&2
-            echo " *** "                                                  1>&2
-            echo " *** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel or libncurses-dev " 1>&2
-            echo " *** depending on your distribution) and try again."    1>&2
-            echo " *** "                                                  1>&2
-            exit 1
-        fi
-}
-
-usage() {
-        printf "Usage: $0 [-check compiler options|-ccflags|-ldflags compiler options]\n"
-}
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-        usage
-        exit 1
-fi
-
-cc=""
-case "$1" in
-        "-check")
-                shift
-                cc="$@"
-                check
-                ;;
-        "-ccflags")
-                ccflags
-                ;;
-        "-ldflags")
-                shift
-                cc="$@"
-                ldflags
-                ;;
-        "*")
-                usage
-                exit 1
-                ;;
-esac
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.c b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.c
index 8d016faa28d7..2e96323ad11b 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.c
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ static void print_buttons(WINDOW * dialog, int height, int width, int selected)
         int x = width / 2 - 11;
         int y = height - 2;
 
-        print_button(dialog, gettext("Select"), y, x, selected == 0);
-        print_button(dialog, gettext(" Help "), y, x + 14, selected == 1);
+        print_button(dialog, "Select", y, x, selected == 0);
+        print_button(dialog, " Help ", y, x + 14, selected == 1);
 
         wmove(dialog, y, x + 1 + 14 * selected);
         wrefresh(dialog);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h
index fcffd5b41fb0..0b00be5abaa6 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/dialog.h
@@ -26,16 +26,10 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#ifndef KBUILD_NO_NLS
-# include <libintl.h>
-#else
-# define gettext(Msgid) ((const char *) (Msgid))
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __sun__
 #define CURS_MACROS
 #endif
-#include CURSES_LOC
+#include <ncurses.h>
 
 /*
  * Colors in ncurses 1.9.9e do not work properly since foreground and
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.c b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.c
index d58de1dc5360..fe82ff6d744e 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.c
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ static void print_buttons(WINDOW * dialog, int height, int width, int selected)
         int x = width / 2 - 11;
         int y = height - 2;
 
-        print_button(dialog, gettext("  Ok  "), y, x, selected == 0);
-        print_button(dialog, gettext(" Help "), y, x + 14, selected == 1);
+        print_button(dialog, "  Ok  ", y, x, selected == 0);
+        print_button(dialog, " Help ", y, x + 14, selected == 1);
 
         wmove(dialog, y, x + 1 + 14 * selected);
         wrefresh(dialog);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.c b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.c
index 11ae9ad7ac7b..d70cab36137e 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.c
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ static void print_buttons(WINDOW * win, int height, int width, int selected)
         int x = width / 2 - 28;
         int y = height - 2;
 
-        print_button(win, gettext("Select"), y, x, selected == 0);
-        print_button(win, gettext(" Exit "), y, x + 12, selected == 1);
-        print_button(win, gettext(" Help "), y, x + 24, selected == 2);
-        print_button(win, gettext(" Save "), y, x + 36, selected == 3);
-        print_button(win, gettext(" Load "), y, x + 48, selected == 4);
+        print_button(win, "Select", y, x, selected == 0);
+        print_button(win, " Exit ", y, x + 12, selected == 1);
+        print_button(win, " Help ", y, x + 24, selected == 2);
+        print_button(win, " Save ", y, x + 36, selected == 3);
+        print_button(win, " Load ", y, x + 48, selected == 4);
 
         wmove(win, y, x + 1 + 12 * selected);
         wrefresh(win);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.c b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.c
index 1773319b95e7..88d2818ed956 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.c
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ do_resize:
 
         print_title(dialog, title, width);
 
-        print_button(dialog, gettext(" Exit "), height - 2, width / 2 - 4, TRUE);
+        print_button(dialog, " Exit ", height - 2, width / 2 - 4, TRUE);
         wnoutrefresh(dialog);
         getyx(dialog, cur_y, cur_x);    /* Save cursor position */
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.c b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.c
index 676fb2f824a3..cd1223c903d1 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.c
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ static void print_buttons(WINDOW * dialog, int height, int width, int selected)
         int x = width / 2 - 10;
         int y = height - 2;
 
-        print_button(dialog, gettext(" Yes "), y, x, selected == 0);
-        print_button(dialog, gettext("  No  "), y, x + 13, selected == 1);
+        print_button(dialog, " Yes ", y, x, selected == 0);
+        print_button(dialog, "  No  ", y, x + 13, selected == 1);
 
         wmove(dialog, y, x + 1 + 13 * selected);
         wrefresh(dialog);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..e6f9facd0077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+PKG="ncursesw"
+PKG2="ncurses"
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG; then
+        echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG)\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG2; then
+        echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG2)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG2)\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+# Unfortunately, some distributions (e.g. openSUSE) cannot find ncurses
+# by pkg-config.
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncursesw/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/ncursesw\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncursesw\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/ncurses\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncurses\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncurses\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+echo >&2 "*"
+echo >&2 "* Unable to find the ncurses package."
+echo >&2 "* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel or libncurses-dev"
+echo >&2 "* depending on your distribution)."
+echo >&2 "*"
+exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c b/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
index c829be8bb19f..5294ed159b98 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <locale.h>
 
 #include "lkc.h"
 #include "lxdialog/dialog.h"
 
-static const char mconf_readme[] = N_(
+static const char mconf_readme[] =
 "Overview\n"
 "--------\n"
 "This interface lets you select features and parameters for the build.\n"
@@ -171,37 +170,37 @@ static const char mconf_readme[] = N_(
 " blackbg    => selects a color scheme with black background\n"
 " classic    => theme with blue background. The classic look\n"
 " bluetitle  => an LCD friendly version of classic. (default)\n"
-"\n"),
-menu_instructions[] = N_(
+"\n",
+menu_instructions[] =
         "Arrow keys navigate the menu.  "
         "<Enter> selects submenus ---> (or empty submenus ----).  "
         "Highlighted letters are hotkeys.  "
         "Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features.  "
         "Press <Esc><Esc> to exit, <?> for Help, </> for Search.  "
-        "Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable"),
-radiolist_instructions[] = N_(
+        "Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable",
+radiolist_instructions[] =
         "Use the arrow keys to navigate this window or "
         "press the hotkey of the item you wish to select "
         "followed by the <SPACE BAR>. "
-        "Press <?> for additional information about this option."),
-inputbox_instructions_int[] = N_(
+        "Press <?> for additional information about this option.",
+inputbox_instructions_int[] =
         "Please enter a decimal value. "
         "Fractions will not be accepted.  "
-        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it."),
-inputbox_instructions_hex[] = N_(
+        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it.",
+inputbox_instructions_hex[] =
         "Please enter a hexadecimal value. "
-        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it."),
-inputbox_instructions_string[] = N_(
+        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it.",
+inputbox_instructions_string[] =
         "Please enter a string value. "
-        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it."),
-setmod_text[] = N_(
+        "Use the <TAB> key to move from the input field to the buttons below it.",
+setmod_text[] =
         "This feature depends on another which has been configured as a module.\n"
-        "As a result, this feature will be built as a module."),
-load_config_text[] = N_(
+        "As a result, this feature will be built as a module.",
+load_config_text[] =
         "Enter the name of the configuration file you wish to load.  "
         "Accept the name shown to restore the configuration you "
-        "last retrieved.  Leave blank to abort."),
-load_config_help[] = N_(
+        "last retrieved.  Leave blank to abort.",
+load_config_help[] =
         "\n"
         "For various reasons, one may wish to keep several different\n"
         "configurations available on a single machine.\n"
@@ -211,11 +210,11 @@ load_config_help[] = N_(
         "configuration.\n"
         "\n"
         "If you are uncertain, then you have probably never used alternate\n"
-        "configuration files. You should therefore leave this blank to abort.\n"),
-save_config_text[] = N_(
+        "configuration files. You should therefore leave this blank to abort.\n",
+save_config_text[] =
         "Enter a filename to which this configuration should be saved "
-        "as an alternate.  Leave blank to abort."),
-save_config_help[] = N_(
+        "as an alternate.  Leave blank to abort.",
+save_config_help[] =
         "\n"
         "For various reasons, one may wish to keep different configurations\n"
         "available on a single machine.\n"
@@ -225,8 +224,8 @@ save_config_help[] = N_(
         "configuration options you have selected at that time.\n"
         "\n"
         "If you are uncertain what all this means then you should probably\n"
-        "leave this blank.\n"),
-search_help[] = N_(
+        "leave this blank.\n",
+search_help[] =
         "\n"
         "Search for symbols and display their relations.\n"
         "Regular expressions are allowed.\n"
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ search_help[] = N_(
         "Examples: USB  => find all symbols containing USB\n"
         "          ^USB => find all symbols starting with USB\n"
         "          USB$ => find all symbols ending with USB\n"
-        "\n");
+        "\n";
 
 static int indent;
 static struct menu *current_menu;
@@ -400,19 +399,19 @@ static void search_conf(void)
         struct subtitle_part stpart;
 
         title = str_new();
-        str_printf( &title, _("Enter (sub)string or regexp to search for "
-                              "(with or without \"%s\")"), CONFIG_);
+        str_printf( &title, "Enter (sub)string or regexp to search for "
+                              "(with or without \"%s\")", CONFIG_);
 
 again:
         dialog_clear();
-        dres = dialog_inputbox(_("Search Configuration Parameter"),
+        dres = dialog_inputbox("Search Configuration Parameter",
                               str_get(&title),
                               10, 75, "");
         switch (dres) {
         case 0:
                 break;
         case 1:
-                show_helptext(_("Search Configuration"), search_help);
+                show_helptext("Search Configuration", search_help);
                 goto again;
         default:
                 str_free(&title);
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ again:
 
                 res = get_relations_str(sym_arr, &head);
                 set_subtitle();
-                dres = show_textbox_ext(_("Search Results"), (char *)
+                dres = show_textbox_ext("Search Results", (char *)
                                         str_get(&res), 0, 0, keys, &vscroll,
                                         &hscroll, &update_text, (void *)
                                         &data);
@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                         switch (prop->type) {
                         case P_MENU:
                                 child_count++;
-                                prompt = _(prompt);
+                                prompt = prompt;
                                 if (single_menu_mode) {
                                         item_make("%s%*c%s",
                                                   menu->data ? "-->" : "++>",
@@ -508,7 +507,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                         case P_COMMENT:
                                 if (prompt) {
                                         child_count++;
-                                        item_make("   %*c*** %s ***", indent + 1, ' ', _(prompt));
+                                        item_make("   %*c*** %s ***", indent + 1, ' ', prompt);
                                         item_set_tag(':');
                                         item_set_data(menu);
                                 }
@@ -516,7 +515,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                         default:
                                 if (prompt) {
                                         child_count++;
-                                        item_make("---%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', _(prompt));
+                                        item_make("---%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', prompt);
                                         item_set_tag(':');
                                         item_set_data(menu);
                                 }
@@ -560,10 +559,10 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                         item_set_data(menu);
                 }
 
-                item_add_str("%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                item_add_str("%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu));
                 if (val == yes) {
                         if (def_menu) {
-                                item_add_str(" (%s)", _(menu_get_prompt(def_menu)));
+                                item_add_str(" (%s)", menu_get_prompt(def_menu));
                                 item_add_str("  --->");
                                 if (def_menu->list) {
                                         indent += 2;
@@ -575,7 +574,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                 }
         } else {
                 if (menu == current_menu) {
-                        item_make("---%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                        item_make("---%*c%s", indent + 1, ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu));
                         item_set_tag(':');
                         item_set_data(menu);
                         goto conf_childs;
@@ -618,17 +617,17 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                                 tmp = indent - tmp + 4;
                                 if (tmp < 0)
                                         tmp = 0;
-                                item_add_str("%*c%s%s", tmp, ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)),
+                                item_add_str("%*c%s%s", tmp, ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu),
                                              (sym_has_value(sym) || !sym_is_changable(sym)) ?
-                                             "" : _(" (NEW)"));
+                                             "" : " (NEW)");
                                 item_set_tag('s');
                                 item_set_data(menu);
                                 goto conf_childs;
                         }
                 }
-                item_add_str("%*c%s%s", indent + 1, ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)),
+                item_add_str("%*c%s%s", indent + 1, ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu),
                           (sym_has_value(sym) || !sym_is_changable(sym)) ?
-                          "" : _(" (NEW)"));
+                          "" : " (NEW)");
                 if (menu->prompt->type == P_MENU) {
                         item_add_str("  %s", menu_is_empty(menu) ? "----" : "--->");
                         return;
@@ -665,8 +664,8 @@ static void conf(struct menu *menu, struct menu *active_menu)
                         break;
                 set_subtitle();
                 dialog_clear();
-                res = dialog_menu(prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Main Menu"),
-                                  _(menu_instructions),
+                res = dialog_menu(prompt ? prompt : "Main Menu",
+                                  menu_instructions,
                                   active_menu, &s_scroll);
                 if (res == 1 || res == KEY_ESC || res == -ERRDISPLAYTOOSMALL)
                         break;
@@ -708,7 +707,7 @@ static void conf(struct menu *menu, struct menu *active_menu)
                                 show_help(submenu);
                         else {
                                 reset_subtitle();
-                                show_helptext(_("README"), _(mconf_readme));
+                                show_helptext("README", mconf_readme);
                         }
                         break;
                 case 3:
@@ -793,13 +792,13 @@ static void show_help(struct menu *menu)
         help.max_width = getmaxx(stdscr) - 10;
         menu_get_ext_help(menu, &help);
 
-        show_helptext(_(menu_get_prompt(menu)), str_get(&help));
+        show_helptext(menu_get_prompt(menu), str_get(&help));
         str_free(&help);
 }
 
 static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
 {
-        const char *prompt = _(menu_get_prompt(menu));
+        const char *prompt = menu_get_prompt(menu);
         struct menu *child;
         struct symbol *active;
 
@@ -814,9 +813,9 @@ static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                         if (!menu_is_visible(child))
                                 continue;
                         if (child->sym)
-                                item_make("%s", _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                item_make("%s", menu_get_prompt(child));
                         else {
-                                item_make("*** %s ***", _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                item_make("*** %s ***", menu_get_prompt(child));
                                 item_set_tag(':');
                         }
                         item_set_data(child);
@@ -826,8 +825,8 @@ static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                                 item_set_tag('X');
                 }
                 dialog_clear();
-                res = dialog_checklist(prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Main Menu"),
-                                        _(radiolist_instructions),
+                res = dialog_checklist(prompt ? prompt : "Main Menu",
+                                        radiolist_instructions,
                                         MENUBOX_HEIGTH_MIN,
                                         MENUBOX_WIDTH_MIN,
                                         CHECKLIST_HEIGTH_MIN);
@@ -868,26 +867,26 @@ static void conf_string(struct menu *menu)
 
                 switch (sym_get_type(menu->sym)) {
                 case S_INT:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_int);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_int;
                         break;
                 case S_HEX:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_hex);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_hex;
                         break;
                 case S_STRING:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_string);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_string;
                         break;
                 default:
-                        heading = _("Internal mconf error!");
+                        heading = "Internal mconf error!";
                 }
                 dialog_clear();
-                res = dialog_inputbox(prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Main Menu"),
+                res = dialog_inputbox(prompt ? prompt : "Main Menu",
                                       heading, 10, 75,
                                       sym_get_string_value(menu->sym));
                 switch (res) {
                 case 0:
                         if (sym_set_string_value(menu->sym, dialog_input_result))
                                 return;
-                        show_textbox(NULL, _("You have made an invalid entry."), 5, 43);
+                        show_textbox(NULL, "You have made an invalid entry.", 5, 43);
                         break;
                 case 1:
                         show_help(menu);
@@ -915,10 +914,10 @@ static void conf_load(void)
                                 sym_set_change_count(1);
                                 return;
                         }
-                        show_textbox(NULL, _("File does not exist!"), 5, 38);
+                        show_textbox(NULL, "File does not exist!", 5, 38);
                         break;
                 case 1:
-                        show_helptext(_("Load Alternate Configuration"), load_config_help);
+                        show_helptext("Load Alternate Configuration", load_config_help);
                         break;
                 case KEY_ESC:
                         return;
@@ -941,10 +940,10 @@ static void conf_save(void)
                                 set_config_filename(dialog_input_result);
                                 return;
                         }
-                        show_textbox(NULL, _("Can't create file!  Probably a nonexistent directory."), 5, 60);
+                        show_textbox(NULL, "Can't create file!  Probably a nonexistent directory.", 5, 60);
                         break;
                 case 1:
-                        show_helptext(_("Save Alternate Configuration"), save_config_help);
+                        show_helptext("Save Alternate Configuration", save_config_help);
                         break;
                 case KEY_ESC:
                         return;
@@ -961,8 +960,8 @@ static int handle_exit(void)
         dialog_clear();
         if (conf_get_changed())
                 res = dialog_yesno(NULL,
-                                   _("Do you wish to save your new configuration?\n"
-                                     "(Press <ESC><ESC> to continue kernel configuration.)"),
+                                   "Do you wish to save your new configuration?\n"
+                                     "(Press <ESC><ESC> to continue kernel configuration.)",
                                    6, 60);
         else
                 res = -1;
@@ -972,26 +971,26 @@ static int handle_exit(void)
         switch (res) {
         case 0:
                 if (conf_write(filename)) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("\n\n"
+                        fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"
                                           "Error while writing of the configuration.\n"
                                           "Your configuration changes were NOT saved."
-                                          "\n\n"));
+                                          "\n\n");
                         return 1;
                 }
                 /* fall through */
         case -1:
                 if (!silent)
-                        printf(_("\n\n"
+                        printf("\n\n"
                                  "*** End of the configuration.\n"
                                  "*** Execute 'make' to start the build or try 'make help'."
-                                 "\n\n"));
+                                 "\n\n");
                 res = 0;
                 break;
         default:
                 if (!silent)
-                        fprintf(stderr, _("\n\n"
+                        fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"
                                           "Your configuration changes were NOT saved."
-                                          "\n\n"));
+                                          "\n\n");
                 if (res != KEY_ESC)
                         res = 0;
         }
@@ -1009,10 +1008,6 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         char *mode;
         int res;
 
-        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
-        textdomain(PACKAGE);
-
         signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
 
         if (ac > 1 && strcmp(av[1], "-s") == 0) {
@@ -1031,8 +1026,8 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         }
 
         if (init_dialog(NULL)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, N_("Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!\n"));
-                fprintf(stderr, N_("It must be at least 19 lines by 80 columns.\n"));
+                fprintf(stderr, "Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!\n");
+                fprintf(stderr, "It must be at least 19 lines by 80 columns.\n");
                 return 1;
         }
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/menu.c b/scripts/kconfig/menu.c
index 5c5c1374b151..379a119dcd1e 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/menu.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/menu.c
@@ -214,9 +214,6 @@ void menu_add_option(int token, char *arg)
                         zconf_error("trying to redefine defconfig symbol");
                 sym_defconfig_list->flags |= SYMBOL_AUTO;
                 break;
-        case T_OPT_ENV:
-                prop_add_env(arg);
-                break;
         case T_OPT_ALLNOCONFIG_Y:
                 current_entry->sym->flags |= SYMBOL_ALLNOCONFIG_Y;
                 break;
@@ -711,7 +708,7 @@ static void get_prompt_str(struct gstr *r, struct property *prop,
         struct menu *submenu[8], *menu, *location = NULL;
         struct jump_key *jump = NULL;
 
-        str_printf(r, _("Prompt: %s\n"), _(prop->text));
+        str_printf(r, "Prompt: %s\n", prop->text);
         menu = prop->menu->parent;
         for (i = 0; menu != &rootmenu && i < 8; menu = menu->parent) {
                 bool accessible = menu_is_visible(menu);
@@ -744,16 +741,16 @@ static void get_prompt_str(struct gstr *r, struct property *prop,
         }
 
         if (i > 0) {
-                str_printf(r, _("  Location:\n"));
+                str_printf(r, "  Location:\n");
                 for (j = 4; --i >= 0; j += 2) {
                         menu = submenu[i];
                         if (jump && menu == location)
                                 jump->offset = strlen(r->s);
                         str_printf(r, "%*c-> %s", j, ' ',
-                                   _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                                   menu_get_prompt(menu));
                         if (menu->sym) {
                                 str_printf(r, " (%s [=%s])", menu->sym->name ?
-                                        menu->sym->name : _("<choice>"),
+                                        menu->sym->name : "<choice>",
                                         sym_get_string_value(menu->sym));
                         }
                         str_append(r, "\n");
@@ -817,23 +814,23 @@ static void get_symbol_str(struct gstr *r, struct symbol *sym,
 
         prop = get_symbol_prop(sym);
         if (prop) {
-                str_printf(r, _("  Defined at %s:%d\n"), prop->menu->file->name,
+                str_printf(r, "  Defined at %s:%d\n", prop->menu->file->name,
                         prop->menu->lineno);
                 if (!expr_is_yes(prop->visible.expr)) {
-                        str_append(r, _("  Depends on: "));
+                        str_append(r, "  Depends on: ");
                         expr_gstr_print(prop->visible.expr, r);
                         str_append(r, "\n");
                 }
         }
 
-        get_symbol_props_str(r, sym, P_SELECT, _("  Selects: "));
+        get_symbol_props_str(r, sym, P_SELECT, "  Selects: ");
         if (sym->rev_dep.expr) {
                 expr_gstr_print_revdep(sym->rev_dep.expr, r, yes, "  Selected by [y]:\n");
                 expr_gstr_print_revdep(sym->rev_dep.expr, r, mod, "  Selected by [m]:\n");
                 expr_gstr_print_revdep(sym->rev_dep.expr, r, no, "  Selected by [n]:\n");
         }
 
-        get_symbol_props_str(r, sym, P_IMPLY, _("  Implies: "));
+        get_symbol_props_str(r, sym, P_IMPLY, "  Implies: ");
         if (sym->implied.expr) {
                 expr_gstr_print_revdep(sym->implied.expr, r, yes, "  Implied by [y]:\n");
                 expr_gstr_print_revdep(sym->implied.expr, r, mod, "  Implied by [m]:\n");
@@ -852,7 +849,7 @@ struct gstr get_relations_str(struct symbol **sym_arr, struct list_head *head)
         for (i = 0; sym_arr && (sym = sym_arr[i]); i++)
                 get_symbol_str(&res, sym, head);
         if (!i)
-                str_append(&res, _("No matches found.\n"));
+                str_append(&res, "No matches found.\n");
         return res;
 }
 
@@ -867,7 +864,7 @@ void menu_get_ext_help(struct menu *menu, struct gstr *help)
                         str_printf(help, "%s%s:\n\n", CONFIG_, sym->name);
                 help_text = menu_get_help(menu);
         }
-        str_printf(help, "%s\n", _(help_text));
+        str_printf(help, "%s\n", help_text);
         if (sym)
                 get_symbol_str(help, sym, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..42f5ac73548e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+PKG="ncursesw menuw panelw"
+PKG2="ncurses menu panel"
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG; then
+        echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG)\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG2; then
+        echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG2)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG2)\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+# Unfortunately, some distributions (e.g. openSUSE) cannot find ncurses
+# by pkg-config.
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncursesw/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/ncursesw\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncursesw -lmenuw -lpanelw\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/ncurses\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncurses -lmenu -lpanel\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ -f /usr/include/ncurses.h ]; then
+        echo cflags=\"-D_GNU_SOURCE\"
+        echo libs=\"-lncurses -lmenu -lpanel\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+echo >&2 "*"
+echo >&2 "* Unable to find the ncurses package."
+echo >&2 "* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel or libncurses-dev"
+echo >&2 "* depending on your distribution)."
+echo >&2 "*"
+exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/nconf.c b/scripts/kconfig/nconf.c
index 003114779815..97b78445584b 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/nconf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/nconf.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "nconf.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 
-static const char nconf_global_help[] = N_(
+static const char nconf_global_help[] =
 "Help windows\n"
 "------------\n"
 "o  Global help:  Unless in a data entry window, pressing <F1> will give \n"
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ static const char nconf_global_help[] = N_(
 "\n"
 "Note that this mode can eventually be a little more CPU expensive than\n"
 "the default mode, especially with a larger number of unfolded submenus.\n"
-"\n"),
-menu_no_f_instructions[] = N_(
+"\n",
+menu_no_f_instructions[] =
 "Legend:  [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable.\n"
 "Submenus are designated by a trailing \"--->\", empty ones by \"----\".\n"
 "\n"
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ menu_no_f_instructions[] = N_(
 "You do not have function keys support.\n"
 "Press <1> instead of <F1>, <2> instead of <F2>, etc.\n"
 "For verbose global help use key <1>.\n"
-"For help related to the current menu entry press <?> or <h>.\n"),
-menu_instructions[] = N_(
+"For help related to the current menu entry press <?> or <h>.\n",
+menu_instructions[] =
 "Legend:  [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable.\n"
 "Submenus are designated by a trailing \"--->\", empty ones by \"----\".\n"
 "\n"
@@ -163,30 +163,30 @@ menu_instructions[] = N_(
 "\n"
 "Pressing <1> may be used instead of <F1>, <2> instead of <F2>, etc.\n"
 "For verbose global help press <F1>.\n"
-"For help related to the current menu entry press <?> or <h>.\n"),
-radiolist_instructions[] = N_(
+"For help related to the current menu entry press <?> or <h>.\n",
+radiolist_instructions[] =
 "Press <Up>, <Down>, <Home> or <End> to navigate a radiolist, select\n"
 "with <Space>.\n"
 "For help related to the current entry press <?> or <h>.\n"
-"For global help press <F1>.\n"),
-inputbox_instructions_int[] = N_(
+"For global help press <F1>.\n",
+inputbox_instructions_int[] =
 "Please enter a decimal value.\n"
 "Fractions will not be accepted.\n"
-"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel."),
-inputbox_instructions_hex[] = N_(
+"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel.",
+inputbox_instructions_hex[] =
 "Please enter a hexadecimal value.\n"
-"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel."),
-inputbox_instructions_string[] = N_(
+"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel.",
+inputbox_instructions_string[] =
 "Please enter a string value.\n"
-"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel."),
-setmod_text[] = N_(
+"Press <Enter> to apply, <Esc> to cancel.",
+setmod_text[] =
 "This feature depends on another feature which has been configured as a\n"
-"module.  As a result, the current feature will be built as a module too."),
-load_config_text[] = N_(
+"module.  As a result, the current feature will be built as a module too.",
+load_config_text[] =
 "Enter the name of the configuration file you wish to load.\n"
 "Accept the name shown to restore the configuration you last\n"
-"retrieved.  Leave empty to abort."),
-load_config_help[] = N_(
+"retrieved.  Leave empty to abort.",
+load_config_help[] =
 "For various reasons, one may wish to keep several different\n"
 "configurations available on a single machine.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -194,11 +194,11 @@ load_config_help[] = N_(
 "default one, entering its name here will allow you to load and modify\n"
 "that configuration.\n"
 "\n"
-"Leave empty to abort.\n"),
-save_config_text[] = N_(
+"Leave empty to abort.\n",
+save_config_text[] =
 "Enter a filename to which this configuration should be saved\n"
-"as an alternate.  Leave empty to abort."),
-save_config_help[] = N_(
+"as an alternate.  Leave empty to abort.",
+save_config_help[] =
 "For various reasons, one may wish to keep several different\n"
 "configurations available on a single machine.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ save_config_help[] = N_(
 "and use the current configuration as an alternate to whatever\n"
 "configuration options you have selected at that time.\n"
 "\n"
-"Leave empty to abort.\n"),
-search_help[] = N_(
+"Leave empty to abort.\n",
+search_help[] =
 "Search for symbols (configuration variable names CONFIG_*) and display\n"
 "their relations.  Regular expressions are supported.\n"
 "Example:  Search for \"^FOO\".\n"
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ search_help[] = N_(
 "USB  => find all symbols containing USB\n"
 "^USB => find all symbols starting with USB\n"
 "USB$ => find all symbols ending with USB\n"
-"\n");
+"\n";
 
 struct mitem {
         char str[256];
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ static void print_function_line(void)
 static void handle_f1(int *key, struct menu *current_item)
 {
         show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                        _("Global help"), _(nconf_global_help));
+                        "Global help", nconf_global_help);
         return;
 }
 
@@ -403,8 +403,8 @@ static void handle_f2(int *key, struct menu *current_item)
 static void handle_f3(int *key, struct menu *current_item)
 {
         show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                        _("Short help"),
-                        _(current_instructions));
+                        "Short help",
+                        current_instructions);
         return;
 }
 
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ static void handle_f3(int *key, struct menu *current_item)
 static void handle_f4(int *key, struct menu *current_item)
 {
         int res = btn_dialog(main_window,
-                        _("Show all symbols?"),
+                        "Show all symbols?",
                         2,
                         "   <Show All>   ",
                         "<Don't show all>");
@@ -653,8 +653,8 @@ static int do_exit(void)
                 return 0;
         }
         res = btn_dialog(main_window,
-                        _("Do you wish to save your new configuration?\n"
-                                "<ESC> to cancel and resume nconfig."),
+                        "Do you wish to save your new configuration?\n"
+                                "<ESC> to cancel and resume nconfig.",
                         2,
                         "   <save>   ",
                         "<don't save>");
@@ -670,15 +670,15 @@ static int do_exit(void)
                 if (res)
                         btn_dialog(
                                 main_window,
-                                _("Error during writing of configuration.\n"
-                                  "Your configuration changes were NOT saved."),
+                                "Error during writing of configuration.\n"
+                                  "Your configuration changes were NOT saved.",
                                   1,
                                   "<OK>");
                 break;
         default:
                 btn_dialog(
                         main_window,
-                        _("Your configuration changes were NOT saved."),
+                        "Your configuration changes were NOT saved.",
                         1,
                         "<OK>");
                 break;
@@ -697,12 +697,12 @@ static void search_conf(void)
         int dres;
 
         title = str_new();
-        str_printf( &title, _("Enter (sub)string or regexp to search for "
-                              "(with or without \"%s\")"), CONFIG_);
+        str_printf( &title, "Enter (sub)string or regexp to search for "
+                              "(with or without \"%s\")", CONFIG_);
 
 again:
         dres = dialog_inputbox(main_window,
-                        _("Search Configuration Parameter"),
+                        "Search Configuration Parameter",
                         str_get(&title),
                         "", &dialog_input_result, &dialog_input_result_len);
         switch (dres) {
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ again:
                 break;
         case 1:
                 show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                                _("Search Configuration"), search_help);
+                                "Search Configuration", search_help);
                 goto again;
         default:
                 str_free(&title);
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ again:
         res = get_relations_str(sym_arr, NULL);
         free(sym_arr);
         show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                        _("Search Results"), str_get(&res));
+                        "Search Results", str_get(&res));
         str_free(&res);
         str_free(&title);
 }
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                         switch (ptype) {
                         case P_MENU:
                                 child_count++;
-                                prompt = _(prompt);
+                                prompt = prompt;
                                 if (single_menu_mode) {
                                         item_make(menu, 'm',
                                                 "%s%*c%s",
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                                         item_make(menu, ':',
                                                 "   %*c*** %s ***",
                                                 indent + 1, ' ',
-                                                _(prompt));
+                                                prompt);
                                 }
                                 break;
                         default:
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                                         child_count++;
                                         item_make(menu, ':', "---%*c%s",
                                                 indent + 1, ' ',
-                                                _(prompt));
+                                                prompt);
                                 }
                         }
                 } else
@@ -829,11 +829,11 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                 }
 
                 item_add_str("%*c%s", indent + 1,
-                                ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                                ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu));
                 if (val == yes) {
                         if (def_menu) {
                                 item_add_str(" (%s)",
-                                        _(menu_get_prompt(def_menu)));
+                                        menu_get_prompt(def_menu));
                                 item_add_str("  --->");
                                 if (def_menu->list) {
                                         indent += 2;
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                 if (menu == current_menu) {
                         item_make(menu, ':',
                                 "---%*c%s", indent + 1,
-                                ' ', _(menu_get_prompt(menu)));
+                                ' ', menu_get_prompt(menu));
                         goto conf_childs;
                 }
                 child_count++;
@@ -894,17 +894,17 @@ static void build_conf(struct menu *menu)
                                 if (tmp < 0)
                                         tmp = 0;
                                 item_add_str("%*c%s%s", tmp, ' ',
-                                                _(menu_get_prompt(menu)),
+                                                menu_get_prompt(menu),
                                                 (sym_has_value(sym) ||
                                                  !sym_is_changable(sym)) ? "" :
-                                                _(" (NEW)"));
+                                                " (NEW)");
                                 goto conf_childs;
                         }
                 }
                 item_add_str("%*c%s%s", indent + 1, ' ',
-                                _(menu_get_prompt(menu)),
+                                menu_get_prompt(menu),
                                 (sym_has_value(sym) || !sym_is_changable(sym)) ?
-                                "" : _(" (NEW)"));
+                                "" : " (NEW)");
                 if (menu->prompt && menu->prompt->type == P_MENU) {
                         item_add_str("  %s", menu_is_empty(menu) ? "----" : "--->");
                         return;
@@ -1086,8 +1086,8 @@ static void conf(struct menu *menu)
                 if (!child_count)
                         break;
 
-                show_menu(prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Main Menu"),
-                                _(menu_instructions),
+                show_menu(prompt ? prompt : "Main Menu",
+                                menu_instructions,
                                 current_index, &last_top_row);
                 keypad((menu_win(curses_menu)), TRUE);
                 while (!global_exit) {
@@ -1227,13 +1227,13 @@ static void show_help(struct menu *menu)
 
         help = str_new();
         menu_get_ext_help(menu, &help);
-        show_scroll_win(main_window, _(menu_get_prompt(menu)), str_get(&help));
+        show_scroll_win(main_window, menu_get_prompt(menu), str_get(&help));
         str_free(&help);
 }
 
 static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
 {
-        const char *prompt = _(menu_get_prompt(menu));
+        const char *prompt = menu_get_prompt(menu);
         struct menu *child = NULL;
         struct symbol *active;
         int selected_index = 0;
@@ -1256,13 +1256,13 @@ static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
 
                         if (child->sym == sym_get_choice_value(menu->sym))
                                 item_make(child, ':', "<X> %s",
-                                                _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                                menu_get_prompt(child));
                         else if (child->sym)
                                 item_make(child, ':', "    %s",
-                                                _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                                menu_get_prompt(child));
                         else
                                 item_make(child, ':', "*** %s ***",
-                                                _(menu_get_prompt(child)));
+                                                menu_get_prompt(child));
 
                         if (child->sym == active){
                                 last_top_row = top_row(curses_menu);
@@ -1270,8 +1270,8 @@ static void conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                         }
                         i++;
                 }
-                show_menu(prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Choice Menu"),
-                                _(radiolist_instructions),
+                show_menu(prompt ? prompt : "Choice Menu",
+                                radiolist_instructions,
                                 selected_index,
                                 &last_top_row);
                 while (!global_exit) {
@@ -1358,19 +1358,19 @@ static void conf_string(struct menu *menu)
 
                 switch (sym_get_type(menu->sym)) {
                 case S_INT:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_int);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_int;
                         break;
                 case S_HEX:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_hex);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_hex;
                         break;
                 case S_STRING:
-                        heading = _(inputbox_instructions_string);
+                        heading = inputbox_instructions_string;
                         break;
                 default:
-                        heading = _("Internal nconf error!");
+                        heading = "Internal nconf error!";
                 }
                 res = dialog_inputbox(main_window,
-                                prompt ? _(prompt) : _("Main Menu"),
+                                prompt ? prompt : "Main Menu",
                                 heading,
                                 sym_get_string_value(menu->sym),
                                 &dialog_input_result,
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static void conf_string(struct menu *menu)
                                                 dialog_input_result))
                                 return;
                         btn_dialog(main_window,
-                                _("You have made an invalid entry."), 0);
+                                "You have made an invalid entry.", 0);
                         break;
                 case 1:
                         show_help(menu);
@@ -1410,11 +1410,11 @@ static void conf_load(void)
                                 sym_set_change_count(1);
                                 return;
                         }
-                        btn_dialog(main_window, _("File does not exist!"), 0);
+                        btn_dialog(main_window, "File does not exist!", 0);
                         break;
                 case 1:
                         show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                                        _("Load Alternate Configuration"),
+                                        "Load Alternate Configuration",
                                         load_config_help);
                         break;
                 case KEY_EXIT:
@@ -1441,13 +1441,13 @@ static void conf_save(void)
                                 set_config_filename(dialog_input_result);
                                 return;
                         }
-                        btn_dialog(main_window, _("Can't create file! "
-                                "Probably a nonexistent directory."),
+                        btn_dialog(main_window, "Can't create file! "
+                                "Probably a nonexistent directory.",
                                 1, "<OK>");
                         break;
                 case 1:
                         show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                                _("Save Alternate Configuration"),
+                                "Save Alternate Configuration",
                                 save_config_help);
                         break;
                 case KEY_EXIT:
@@ -1480,10 +1480,6 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         int lines, columns;
         char *mode;
 
-        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
-        textdomain(PACKAGE);
-
         if (ac > 1 && strcmp(av[1], "-s") == 0) {
                 /* Silence conf_read() until the real callback is set up */
                 conf_set_message_callback(NULL);
@@ -1541,8 +1537,8 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
         /* check for KEY_FUNC(1) */
         if (has_key(KEY_F(1)) == FALSE) {
                 show_scroll_win(main_window,
-                                _("Instructions"),
-                                _(menu_no_f_instructions));
+                                "Instructions",
+                                menu_no_f_instructions);
         }
 
         conf_set_message_callback(conf_message_callback);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/nconf.h b/scripts/kconfig/nconf.h
index 9f6f21d3b0d4..2b9e19f603c4 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/nconf.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/nconf.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <locale.h>
 #include <ncurses.h>
 #include <menu.h>
 #include <panel.h>
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/preprocess.c b/scripts/kconfig/preprocess.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..65da87fce907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/preprocess.c
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "list.h"
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(arr)         (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]))
+
+static char *expand_string_with_args(const char *in, int argc, char *argv[]);
+
+static void __attribute__((noreturn)) pperror(const char *format, ...)
+{
+        va_list ap;
+
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: ", current_file->name, yylineno);
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+        exit(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Environment variables
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(env_list);
+
+struct env {
+        char *name;
+        char *value;
+        struct list_head node;
+};
+
+static void env_add(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+        struct env *e;
+
+        e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
+        e->name = xstrdup(name);
+        e->value = xstrdup(value);
+
+        list_add_tail(&e->node, &env_list);
+}
+
+static void env_del(struct env *e)
+{
+        list_del(&e->node);
+        free(e->name);
+        free(e->value);
+        free(e);
+}
+
+/* The returned pointer must be freed when done */
+static char *env_expand(const char *name)
+{
+        struct env *e;
+        const char *value;
+
+        if (!*name)
+                return NULL;
+
+        list_for_each_entry(e, &env_list, node) {
+                if (!strcmp(name, e->name))
+                        return xstrdup(e->value);
+        }
+
+        value = getenv(name);
+        if (!value)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /*
+         * We need to remember all referenced environment variables.
+         * They will be written out to include/config/auto.conf.cmd
+         */
+        env_add(name, value);
+
+        return xstrdup(value);
+}
+
+void env_write_dep(FILE *f, const char *autoconfig_name)
+{
+        struct env *e, *tmp;
+
+        list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &env_list, node) {
+                fprintf(f, "ifneq \"$(%s)\" \"%s\"\n", e->name, e->value);
+                fprintf(f, "%s: FORCE\n", autoconfig_name);
+                fprintf(f, "endif\n");
+                env_del(e);
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Built-in functions
+ */
+struct function {
+        const char *name;
+        unsigned int min_args;
+        unsigned int max_args;
+        char *(*func)(int argc, char *argv[]);
+};
+
+static char *do_error_if(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        if (!strcmp(argv[0], "y"))
+                pperror("%s", argv[1]);
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static char *do_filename(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        return xstrdup(current_file->name);
+}
+
+static char *do_info(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        printf("%s\n", argv[0]);
+
+        return xstrdup("");
+}
+
+static char *do_lineno(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        char buf[16];
+
+        sprintf(buf, "%d", yylineno);
+
+        return xstrdup(buf);
+}
+
+static char *do_shell(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        FILE *p;
+        char buf[256];
+        char *cmd;
+        size_t nread;
+        int i;
+
+        cmd = argv[0];
+
+        p = popen(cmd, "r");
+        if (!p) {
+                perror(cmd);
+                exit(1);
+        }
+
+        nread = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), p);
+        if (nread == sizeof(buf))
+                nread--;
+
+        /* remove trailing new lines */
+        while (buf[nread - 1] == '\n')
+                nread--;
+
+        buf[nread] = 0;
+
+        /* replace a new line with a space */
+        for (i = 0; i < nread; i++) {
+                if (buf[i] == '\n')
+                        buf[i] = ' ';
+        }
+
+        if (pclose(p) == -1) {
+                perror(cmd);
+                exit(1);
+        }
+
+        return xstrdup(buf);
+}
+
+static char *do_warning_if(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        if (!strcmp(argv[0], "y"))
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s\n",
+                        current_file->name, yylineno, argv[1]);
+
+        return xstrdup("");
+}
+
+static const struct function function_table[] = {
+        /* Name         MIN     MAX     Function */
+        { "error-if",   2,      2,      do_error_if },
+        { "filename",   0,      0,      do_filename },
+        { "info",       1,      1,      do_info },
+        { "lineno",     0,      0,      do_lineno },
+        { "shell",      1,      1,      do_shell },
+        { "warning-if", 2,      2,      do_warning_if },
+};
+
+#define FUNCTION_MAX_ARGS               16
+
+static char *function_expand(const char *name, int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        const struct function *f;
+        int i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(function_table); i++) {
+                f = &function_table[i];
+                if (strcmp(f->name, name))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (argc < f->min_args)
+                        pperror("too few function arguments passed to '%s'",
+                                name);
+
+                if (argc > f->max_args)
+                        pperror("too many function arguments passed to '%s'",
+                                name);
+
+                return f->func(argc, argv);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Variables (and user-defined functions)
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(variable_list);
+
+struct variable {
+        char *name;
+        char *value;
+        enum variable_flavor flavor;
+        int exp_count;
+        struct list_head node;
+};
+
+static struct variable *variable_lookup(const char *name)
+{
+        struct variable *v;
+
+        list_for_each_entry(v, &variable_list, node) {
+                if (!strcmp(name, v->name))
+                        return v;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static char *variable_expand(const char *name, int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        struct variable *v;
+        char *res;
+
+        v = variable_lookup(name);
+        if (!v)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (argc == 0 && v->exp_count)
+                pperror("Recursive variable '%s' references itself (eventually)",
+                        name);
+
+        if (v->exp_count > 1000)
+                pperror("Too deep recursive expansion");
+
+        v->exp_count++;
+
+        if (v->flavor == VAR_RECURSIVE)
+                res = expand_string_with_args(v->value, argc, argv);
+        else
+                res = xstrdup(v->value);
+
+        v->exp_count--;
+
+        return res;
+}
+
+void variable_add(const char *name, const char *value,
+                  enum variable_flavor flavor)
+{
+        struct variable *v;
+        char *new_value;
+        bool append = false;
+
+        v = variable_lookup(name);
+        if (v) {
+                /* For defined variables, += inherits the existing flavor */
+                if (flavor == VAR_APPEND) {
+                        flavor = v->flavor;
+                        append = true;
+                } else {
+                        free(v->value);
+                }
+        } else {
+                /* For undefined variables, += assumes the recursive flavor */
+                if (flavor == VAR_APPEND)
+                        flavor = VAR_RECURSIVE;
+
+                v = xmalloc(sizeof(*v));
+                v->name = xstrdup(name);
+                v->exp_count = 0;
+                list_add_tail(&v->node, &variable_list);
+        }
+
+        v->flavor = flavor;
+
+        if (flavor == VAR_SIMPLE)
+                new_value = expand_string(value);
+        else
+                new_value = xstrdup(value);
+
+        if (append) {
+                v->value = xrealloc(v->value,
+                                    strlen(v->value) + strlen(new_value) + 2);
+                strcat(v->value, " ");
+                strcat(v->value, new_value);
+                free(new_value);
+        } else {
+                v->value = new_value;
+        }
+}
+
+static void variable_del(struct variable *v)
+{
+        list_del(&v->node);
+        free(v->name);
+        free(v->value);
+        free(v);
+}
+
+void variable_all_del(void)
+{
+        struct variable *v, *tmp;
+
+        list_for_each_entry_safe(v, tmp, &variable_list, node)
+                variable_del(v);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate a clause with arguments.  argc/argv are arguments from the upper
+ * function call.
+ *
+ * Returned string must be freed when done
+ */
+static char *eval_clause(const char *str, size_t len, int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        char *tmp, *name, *res, *endptr, *prev, *p;
+        int new_argc = 0;
+        char *new_argv[FUNCTION_MAX_ARGS];
+        int nest = 0;
+        int i;
+        unsigned long n;
+
+        tmp = xstrndup(str, len);
+
+        /*
+         * If variable name is '1', '2', etc.  It is generally an argument
+         * from a user-function call (i.e. local-scope variable).  If not
+         * available, then look-up global-scope variables.
+         */
+        n = strtoul(tmp, &endptr, 10);
+        if (!*endptr && n > 0 && n <= argc) {
+                res = xstrdup(argv[n - 1]);
+                goto free_tmp;
+        }
+
+        prev = p = tmp;
+
+        /*
+         * Split into tokens
+         * The function name and arguments are separated by a comma.
+         * For example, if the function call is like this:
+         *   $(foo,$(x),$(y))
+         *
+         * The input string for this helper should be:
+         *   foo,$(x),$(y)
+         *
+         * and split into:
+         *   new_argv[0] = 'foo'
+         *   new_argv[1] = '$(x)'
+         *   new_argv[2] = '$(y)'
+         */
+        while (*p) {
+                if (nest == 0 && *p == ',') {
+                        *p = 0;
+                        if (new_argc >= FUNCTION_MAX_ARGS)
+                                pperror("too many function arguments");
+                        new_argv[new_argc++] = prev;
+                        prev = p + 1;
+                } else if (*p == '(') {
+                        nest++;
+                } else if (*p == ')') {
+                        nest--;
+                }
+
+                p++;
+        }
+        new_argv[new_argc++] = prev;
+
+        /*
+         * Shift arguments
+         * new_argv[0] represents a function name or a variable name.  Put it
+         * into 'name', then shift the rest of the arguments.  This simplifies
+         * 'const' handling.
+         */
+        name = expand_string_with_args(new_argv[0], argc, argv);
+        new_argc--;
+        for (i = 0; i < new_argc; i++)
+                new_argv[i] = expand_string_with_args(new_argv[i + 1],
+                                                      argc, argv);
+
+        /* Search for variables */
+        res = variable_expand(name, new_argc, new_argv);
+        if (res)
+                goto free;
+
+        /* Look for built-in functions */
+        res = function_expand(name, new_argc, new_argv);
+        if (res)
+                goto free;
+
+        /* Last, try environment variable */
+        if (new_argc == 0) {
+                res = env_expand(name);
+                if (res)
+                        goto free;
+        }
+
+        res = xstrdup("");
+free:
+        for (i = 0; i < new_argc; i++)
+                free(new_argv[i]);
+        free(name);
+free_tmp:
+        free(tmp);
+
+        return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand a string that follows '$'
+ *
+ * For example, if the input string is
+ *     ($(FOO)$($(BAR)))$(BAZ)
+ * this helper evaluates
+ *     $($(FOO)$($(BAR)))
+ * and returns a new string containing the expansion (note that the string is
+ * recursively expanded), also advancing 'str' to point to the next character
+ * after the corresponding closing parenthesis, in this case, *str will be
+ *     $(BAR)
+ */
+static char *expand_dollar_with_args(const char **str, int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        const char *p = *str;
+        const char *q;
+        int nest = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * In Kconfig, variable/function references always start with "$(".
+         * Neither single-letter variables as in $A nor curly braces as in ${CC}
+         * are supported.  '$' not followed by '(' loses its special meaning.
+         */
+        if (*p != '(') {
+                *str = p;
+                return xstrdup("$");
+        }
+
+        p++;
+        q = p;
+        while (*q) {
+                if (*q == '(') {
+                        nest++;
+                } else if (*q == ')') {
+                        if (nest-- == 0)
+                                break;
+                }
+                q++;
+        }
+
+        if (!*q)
+                pperror("unterminated reference to '%s': missing ')'", p);
+
+        /* Advance 'str' to after the expanded initial portion of the string */
+        *str = q + 1;
+
+        return eval_clause(p, q - p, argc, argv);
+}
+
+char *expand_dollar(const char **str)
+{
+        return expand_dollar_with_args(str, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static char *__expand_string(const char **str, bool (*is_end)(char c),
+                             int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        const char *in, *p;
+        char *expansion, *out;
+        size_t in_len, out_len;
+
+        out = xmalloc(1);
+        *out = 0;
+        out_len = 1;
+
+        p = in = *str;
+
+        while (1) {
+                if (*p == '$') {
+                        in_len = p - in;
+                        p++;
+                        expansion = expand_dollar_with_args(&p, argc, argv);
+                        out_len += in_len + strlen(expansion);
+                        out = xrealloc(out, out_len);
+                        strncat(out, in, in_len);
+                        strcat(out, expansion);
+                        free(expansion);
+                        in = p;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (is_end(*p))
+                        break;
+
+                p++;
+        }
+
+        in_len = p - in;
+        out_len += in_len;
+        out = xrealloc(out, out_len);
+        strncat(out, in, in_len);
+
+        /* Advance 'str' to the end character */
+        *str = p;
+
+        return out;
+}
+
+static bool is_end_of_str(char c)
+{
+        return !c;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand variables and functions in the given string.  Undefined variables
+ * expand to an empty string.
+ * The returned string must be freed when done.
+ */
+static char *expand_string_with_args(const char *in, int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+        return __expand_string(&in, is_end_of_str, argc, argv);
+}
+
+char *expand_string(const char *in)
+{
+        return expand_string_with_args(in, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static bool is_end_of_token(char c)
+{
+        /* Why are '.' and '/' valid characters for symbols? */
+        return !(isalnum(c) || c == '_' || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '/');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand variables in a token.  The parsing stops when a token separater
+ * (in most cases, it is a whitespace) is encountered.  'str' is updated to
+ * point to the next character.
+ *
+ * The returned string must be freed when done.
+ */
+char *expand_one_token(const char **str)
+{
+        return __expand_string(str, is_end_of_token, 0, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/qconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/qconf-cfg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..0862e1562536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/qconf-cfg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+PKG="Qt5Core Qt5Gui Qt5Widgets"
+PKG2="QtCore QtGui"
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG; then
+        echo cflags=\"-std=c++11 -fPIC $(pkg-config --cflags Qt5Core Qt5Gui Qt5Widgets)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG)\"
+        echo moc=\"$(pkg-config --variable=host_bins Qt5Core)/moc\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+if pkg-config --exists $PKG2; then
+        echo cflags=\"$(pkg-config --cflags $PKG2)\"
+        echo libs=\"$(pkg-config --libs $PKG2)\"
+        echo moc=\"$(pkg-config --variable=moc_location QtCore)\"
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+echo >&2 "*"
+echo >&2 "* Could not find Qt via pkg-config."
+echo >&2 "* Please install either Qt 4.8 or 5.x. and make sure it's in PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
+echo >&2 "*"
+exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/qconf.cc b/scripts/kconfig/qconf.cc
index ae6c72546411..ad9c22dd04f5 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/qconf.cc
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/qconf.cc
@@ -34,10 +34,6 @@
 #include "qconf.moc"
 #include "images.c"
 
-#ifdef _
-# undef _
-# define _ qgettext
-#endif
 
 static QApplication *configApp;
 static ConfigSettings *configSettings;
@@ -46,12 +42,7 @@ QAction *ConfigMainWindow::saveAction;
 
 static inline QString qgettext(const char* str)
 {
-        return QString::fromLocal8Bit(gettext(str));
-}
-
-static inline QString qgettext(const QString& str)
-{
-        return QString::fromLocal8Bit(gettext(str.toLatin1()));
+        return QString::fromLocal8Bit(str);
 }
 
 ConfigSettings::ConfigSettings()
@@ -127,7 +118,7 @@ void ConfigItem::updateMenu(void)
 
         sym = menu->sym;
         prop = menu->prompt;
-        prompt = _(menu_get_prompt(menu));
+        prompt = qgettext(menu_get_prompt(menu));
 
         if (prop) switch (prop->type) {
         case P_MENU:
@@ -216,7 +207,7 @@ void ConfigItem::updateMenu(void)
                 break;
         }
         if (!sym_has_value(sym) && visible)
-                prompt += _(" (NEW)");
+                prompt += " (NEW)";
 set_prompt:
         setText(promptColIdx, prompt);
 }
@@ -327,7 +318,7 @@ ConfigList::ConfigList(ConfigView* p, const char *name)
         setVerticalScrollMode(ScrollPerPixel);
         setHorizontalScrollMode(ScrollPerPixel);
 
-        setHeaderLabels(QStringList() << _("Option") << _("Name") << "N" << "M" << "Y" << _("Value"));
+        setHeaderLabels(QStringList() << "Option" << "Name" << "N" << "M" << "Y" << "Value");
 
         connect(this, SIGNAL(itemSelectionChanged(void)),
                 SLOT(updateSelection(void)));
@@ -883,7 +874,7 @@ void ConfigList::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *e)
                         QAction *action;
 
                         headerPopup = new QMenu(this);
-                        action = new QAction(_("Show Name"), this);
+                        action = new QAction("Show Name", this);
                           action->setCheckable(true);
                           connect(action, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)),
                                   parent(), SLOT(setShowName(bool)));
@@ -891,7 +882,7 @@ void ConfigList::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *e)
                                   action, SLOT(setOn(bool)));
                           action->setChecked(showName);
                           headerPopup->addAction(action);
-                        action = new QAction(_("Show Range"), this);
+                        action = new QAction("Show Range", this);
                           action->setCheckable(true);
                           connect(action, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)),
                                   parent(), SLOT(setShowRange(bool)));
@@ -899,7 +890,7 @@ void ConfigList::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *e)
                                   action, SLOT(setOn(bool)));
                           action->setChecked(showRange);
                           headerPopup->addAction(action);
-                        action = new QAction(_("Show Data"), this);
+                        action = new QAction("Show Data", this);
                           action->setCheckable(true);
                           connect(action, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)),
                                   parent(), SLOT(setShowData(bool)));
@@ -1086,7 +1077,7 @@ void ConfigInfoView::menuInfo(void)
         if (sym) {
                 if (_menu->prompt) {
                         head += "<big><b>";
-                        head += print_filter(_(_menu->prompt->text));
+                        head += print_filter(_menu->prompt->text);
                         head += "</b></big>";
                         if (sym->name) {
                                 head += " (";
@@ -1117,7 +1108,7 @@ void ConfigInfoView::menuInfo(void)
                 str_free(&help_gstr);
         } else if (_menu->prompt) {
                 head += "<big><b>";
-                head += print_filter(_(_menu->prompt->text));
+                head += print_filter(_menu->prompt->text);
                 head += "</b></big><br><br>";
                 if (showDebug()) {
                         if (_menu->prompt->visible.expr) {
@@ -1152,7 +1143,7 @@ QString ConfigInfoView::debug_info(struct symbol *sym)
                 case P_PROMPT:
                 case P_MENU:
                         debug += QString().sprintf("prompt: <a href=\"m%p\">", prop->menu);
-                        debug += print_filter(_(prop->text));
+                        debug += print_filter(prop->text);
                         debug += "</a><br>";
                         break;
                 case P_DEFAULT:
@@ -1234,7 +1225,7 @@ void ConfigInfoView::expr_print_help(void *data, struct symbol *sym, const char
 QMenu* ConfigInfoView::createStandardContextMenu(const QPoint & pos)
 {
         QMenu* popup = Parent::createStandardContextMenu(pos);
-        QAction* action = new QAction(_("Show Debug Info"), popup);
+        QAction* action = new QAction("Show Debug Info", popup);
           action->setCheckable(true);
           connect(action, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), SLOT(setShowDebug(bool)));
           connect(this, SIGNAL(showDebugChanged(bool)), action, SLOT(setOn(bool)));
@@ -1261,11 +1252,11 @@ ConfigSearchWindow::ConfigSearchWindow(ConfigMainWindow* parent, const char *nam
         QHBoxLayout* layout2 = new QHBoxLayout(0);
         layout2->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
         layout2->setSpacing(6);
-        layout2->addWidget(new QLabel(_("Find:"), this));
+        layout2->addWidget(new QLabel("Find:", this));
         editField = new QLineEdit(this);
         connect(editField, SIGNAL(returnPressed()), SLOT(search()));
         layout2->addWidget(editField);
-        searchButton = new QPushButton(_("Search"), this);
+        searchButton = new QPushButton("Search", this);
         searchButton->setAutoDefault(false);
         connect(searchButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(search()));
         layout2->addWidget(searchButton);
@@ -1387,44 +1378,44 @@ ConfigMainWindow::ConfigMainWindow(void)
         toolBar = new QToolBar("Tools", this);
         addToolBar(toolBar);
 
-        backAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_back), _("Back"), this);
+        backAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_back), "Back", this);
           connect(backAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(goBack()));
           backAction->setEnabled(false);
-        QAction *quitAction = new QAction(_("&Quit"), this);
+        QAction *quitAction = new QAction("&Quit", this);
         quitAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Q);
           connect(quitAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(close()));
-        QAction *loadAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_load), _("&Load"), this);
+        QAction *loadAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_load), "&Load", this);
         loadAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_L);
           connect(loadAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(loadConfig()));
-        saveAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_save), _("&Save"), this);
+        saveAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_save), "&Save", this);
         saveAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_S);
           connect(saveAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(saveConfig()));
         conf_set_changed_callback(conf_changed);
         // Set saveAction's initial state
         conf_changed();
-        QAction *saveAsAction = new QAction(_("Save &As..."), this);
+        QAction *saveAsAction = new QAction("Save &As...", this);
           connect(saveAsAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(saveConfigAs()));
-        QAction *searchAction = new QAction(_("&Find"), this);
+        QAction *searchAction = new QAction("&Find", this);
         searchAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_F);
           connect(searchAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(searchConfig()));
-        singleViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_single_view), _("Single View"), this);
+        singleViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_single_view), "Single View", this);
         singleViewAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(singleViewAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(showSingleView()));
-        splitViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_split_view), _("Split View"), this);
+        splitViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_split_view), "Split View", this);
         splitViewAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(splitViewAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(showSplitView()));
-        fullViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_tree_view), _("Full View"), this);
+        fullViewAction = new QAction(QPixmap(xpm_tree_view), "Full View", this);
         fullViewAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(fullViewAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(showFullView()));
 
-        QAction *showNameAction = new QAction(_("Show Name"), this);
+        QAction *showNameAction = new QAction("Show Name", this);
           showNameAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(showNameAction, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), configView, SLOT(setShowName(bool)));
           showNameAction->setChecked(configView->showName());
-        QAction *showRangeAction = new QAction(_("Show Range"), this);
+        QAction *showRangeAction = new QAction("Show Range", this);
           showRangeAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(showRangeAction, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), configView, SLOT(setShowRange(bool)));
-        QAction *showDataAction = new QAction(_("Show Data"), this);
+        QAction *showDataAction = new QAction("Show Data", this);
           showDataAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(showDataAction, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), configView, SLOT(setShowData(bool)));
 
@@ -1435,21 +1426,21 @@ ConfigMainWindow::ConfigMainWindow(void)
         connect(optGroup, SIGNAL(triggered(QAction *)), menuView,
                 SLOT(setOptionMode(QAction *)));
 
-        configView->showNormalAction = new QAction(_("Show Normal Options"), optGroup);
-        configView->showAllAction = new QAction(_("Show All Options"), optGroup);
-        configView->showPromptAction = new QAction(_("Show Prompt Options"), optGroup);
+        configView->showNormalAction = new QAction("Show Normal Options", optGroup);
+        configView->showAllAction = new QAction("Show All Options", optGroup);
+        configView->showPromptAction = new QAction("Show Prompt Options", optGroup);
         configView->showNormalAction->setCheckable(true);
         configView->showAllAction->setCheckable(true);
         configView->showPromptAction->setCheckable(true);
 
-        QAction *showDebugAction = new QAction( _("Show Debug Info"), this);
+        QAction *showDebugAction = new QAction("Show Debug Info", this);
           showDebugAction->setCheckable(true);
           connect(showDebugAction, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), helpText, SLOT(setShowDebug(bool)));
           showDebugAction->setChecked(helpText->showDebug());
 
-        QAction *showIntroAction = new QAction( _("Introduction"), this);
+        QAction *showIntroAction = new QAction("Introduction", this);
           connect(showIntroAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(showIntro()));
-        QAction *showAboutAction = new QAction( _("About"), this);
+        QAction *showAboutAction = new QAction("About", this);
           connect(showAboutAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), SLOT(showAbout()));
 
         // init tool bar
@@ -1463,7 +1454,7 @@ ConfigMainWindow::ConfigMainWindow(void)
         toolBar->addAction(fullViewAction);
 
         // create config menu
-        QMenu* config = menu->addMenu(_("&File"));
+        QMenu* config = menu->addMenu("&File");
         config->addAction(loadAction);
         config->addAction(saveAction);
         config->addAction(saveAsAction);
@@ -1471,11 +1462,11 @@ ConfigMainWindow::ConfigMainWindow(void)
         config->addAction(quitAction);
 
         // create edit menu
-        QMenu* editMenu = menu->addMenu(_("&Edit"));
+        QMenu* editMenu = menu->addMenu("&Edit");
         editMenu->addAction(searchAction);
 
         // create options menu
-        QMenu* optionMenu = menu->addMenu(_("&Option"));
+        QMenu* optionMenu = menu->addMenu("&Option");
         optionMenu->addAction(showNameAction);
         optionMenu->addAction(showRangeAction);
         optionMenu->addAction(showDataAction);
@@ -1486,7 +1477,7 @@ ConfigMainWindow::ConfigMainWindow(void)
 
         // create help menu
         menu->addSeparator();
-        QMenu* helpMenu = menu->addMenu(_("&Help"));
+        QMenu* helpMenu = menu->addMenu("&Help");
         helpMenu->addAction(showIntroAction);
         helpMenu->addAction(showAboutAction);
 
@@ -1534,14 +1525,14 @@ void ConfigMainWindow::loadConfig(void)
         if (s.isNull())
                 return;
         if (conf_read(QFile::encodeName(s)))
-                QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", _("Unable to load configuration!"));
+                QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", "Unable to load configuration!");
         ConfigView::updateListAll();
 }
 
 bool ConfigMainWindow::saveConfig(void)
 {
         if (conf_write(NULL)) {
-                QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", _("Unable to save configuration!"));
+                QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", "Unable to save configuration!");
                 return false;
         }
         return true;
@@ -1723,11 +1714,11 @@ void ConfigMainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent* e)
                 e->accept();
                 return;
         }
-        QMessageBox mb("qconf", _("Save configuration?"), QMessageBox::Warning,
+        QMessageBox mb("qconf", "Save configuration?", QMessageBox::Warning,
                         QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::Default, QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Cancel | QMessageBox::Escape);
-        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::Yes, _("&Save Changes"));
-        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::No, _("&Discard Changes"));
-        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::Cancel, _("Cancel Exit"));
+        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::Yes, "&Save Changes");
+        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::No, "&Discard Changes");
+        mb.setButtonText(QMessageBox::Cancel, "Cancel Exit");
         switch (mb.exec()) {
         case QMessageBox::Yes:
                 if (saveConfig())
@@ -1746,7 +1737,7 @@ void ConfigMainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent* e)
 
 void ConfigMainWindow::showIntro(void)
 {
-        static const QString str = _("Welcome to the qconf graphical configuration tool.\n\n"
+        static const QString str = "Welcome to the qconf graphical configuration tool.\n\n"
                 "For each option, a blank box indicates the feature is disabled, a check\n"
                 "indicates it is enabled, and a dot indicates that it is to be compiled\n"
                 "as a module.  Clicking on the box will cycle through the three states.\n\n"
@@ -1756,16 +1747,16 @@ void ConfigMainWindow::showIntro(void)
                 "options must be enabled to support the option you are interested in, you can\n"
                 "still view the help of a grayed-out option.\n\n"
                 "Toggling Show Debug Info under the Options menu will show the dependencies,\n"
-                "which you can then match by examining other options.\n\n");
+                "which you can then match by examining other options.\n\n";
 
         QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", str);
 }
 
 void ConfigMainWindow::showAbout(void)
 {
-        static const QString str = _("qconf is Copyright (C) 2002 Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>.\n"
+        static const QString str = "qconf is Copyright (C) 2002 Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>.\n"
                 "Copyright (C) 2015 Boris Barbulovski <bbarbulovski@gmail.com>.\n\n"
-                "Bug reports and feature request can also be entered at http://bugzilla.kernel.org/\n");
+                "Bug reports and feature request can also be entered at http://bugzilla.kernel.org/\n";
 
         QMessageBox::information(this, "qconf", str);
 }
@@ -1826,7 +1817,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static void usage(void)
 {
-        printf(_("%s [-s] <config>\n").toLatin1().constData(), progname);
+        printf("%s [-s] <config>\n", progname);
         exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -1835,9 +1826,6 @@ int main(int ac, char** av)
         ConfigMainWindow* v;
         const char *name;
 
-        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
-        textdomain(PACKAGE);
-
         progname = av[0];
         configApp = new QApplication(ac, av);
         if (ac > 1 && av[1][0] == '-') {
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
index f0b2e3b3102d..7c9a88e91cfa 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
@@ -33,33 +33,6 @@ struct symbol *sym_defconfig_list;
 struct symbol *modules_sym;
 tristate modules_val;
 
-struct expr *sym_env_list;
-
-static void sym_add_default(struct symbol *sym, const char *def)
-{
-        struct property *prop = prop_alloc(P_DEFAULT, sym);
-
-        prop->expr = expr_alloc_symbol(sym_lookup(def, SYMBOL_CONST));
-}
-
-void sym_init(void)
-{
-        struct symbol *sym;
-        struct utsname uts;
-        static bool inited = false;
-
-        if (inited)
-                return;
-        inited = true;
-
-        uname(&uts);
-
-        sym = sym_lookup("UNAME_RELEASE", 0);
-        sym->type = S_STRING;
-        sym->flags |= SYMBOL_AUTO;
-        sym_add_default(sym, uts.release);
-}
-
 enum symbol_type sym_get_type(struct symbol *sym)
 {
         enum symbol_type type = sym->type;
@@ -906,59 +879,6 @@ struct symbol *sym_find(const char *name)
         return symbol;
 }
 
-/*
- * Expand symbol's names embedded in the string given in argument. Symbols'
- * name to be expanded shall be prefixed by a '$'. Unknown symbol expands to
- * the empty string.
- */
-char *sym_expand_string_value(const char *in)
-{
-        const char *src;
-        char *res;
-        size_t reslen;
-
-        /*
-         * Note: 'in' might come from a token that's about to be
-         * freed, so make sure to always allocate a new string
-         */
-        reslen = strlen(in) + 1;
-        res = xmalloc(reslen);
-        res[0] = '\0';
-
-        while ((src = strchr(in, '$'))) {
-                char *p, name[SYMBOL_MAXLENGTH];
-                const char *symval = "";
-                struct symbol *sym;
-                size_t newlen;
-
-                strncat(res, in, src - in);
-                src++;
-
-                p = name;
-                while (isalnum(*src) || *src == '_')
-                        *p++ = *src++;
-                *p = '\0';
-
-                sym = sym_find(name);
-                if (sym != NULL) {
-                        sym_calc_value(sym);
-                        symval = sym_get_string_value(sym);
-                }
-
-                newlen = strlen(res) + strlen(symval) + strlen(src) + 1;
-                if (newlen > reslen) {
-                        reslen = newlen;
-                        res = xrealloc(res, reslen);
-                }
-
-                strcat(res, symval);
-                in = src;
-        }
-        strcat(res, in);
-
-        return res;
-}
-
 const char *sym_escape_string_value(const char *in)
 {
         const char *p;
@@ -1401,32 +1321,3 @@ const char *prop_get_type_name(enum prop_type type)
         }
         return "unknown";
 }
-
-static void prop_add_env(const char *env)
-{
-        struct symbol *sym, *sym2;
-        struct property *prop;
-        char *p;
-
-        sym = current_entry->sym;
-        sym->flags |= SYMBOL_AUTO;
-        for_all_properties(sym, prop, P_ENV) {
-                sym2 = prop_get_symbol(prop);
-                if (strcmp(sym2->name, env))
-                        menu_warn(current_entry, "redefining environment symbol from %s",
-                                  sym2->name);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        prop = prop_alloc(P_ENV, sym);
-        prop->expr = expr_alloc_symbol(sym_lookup(env, SYMBOL_CONST));
-
-        sym_env_list = expr_alloc_one(E_LIST, sym_env_list);
-        sym_env_list->right.sym = sym;
-
-        p = getenv(env);
-        if (p)
-                sym_add_default(sym, p);
-        else
-                menu_warn(current_entry, "environment variable %s undefined", env);
-}
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/no_write_if_dep_unmet/expected_config b/scripts/kconfig/tests/no_write_if_dep_unmet/expected_config
index 0d15e41da475..473228810c35 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/tests/no_write_if_dep_unmet/expected_config
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/no_write_if_dep_unmet/expected_config
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
 # Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT.
-# Linux Kernel Configuration
+# Main menu
 #
 # CONFIG_A is not set
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/Kconfig b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..baa328827911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+# 'info' prints the argument to stdout.
+$(info,hello world 0)
+
+# 'warning-if', if the first argument is y, sends the second argument to stderr,
+# and the message is prefixed with the current file name and line number.
+$(warning-if,y,hello world 1)
+
+# 'error-if' is similar, but it terminates the parsing immediately.
+# The following is just no-op since the first argument is not y.
+$(error-if,n,this should not be printed)
+
+# Shorthand
+warning = $(warning-if,y,$(1))
+
+# 'shell' executes a command, and returns its stdout.
+$(warning,$(shell,echo hello world 3))
+
+# Every newline in the output is replaced with a space,
+# but any trailing newlines are deleted.
+$(warning,$(shell,printf 'hello\nworld\n\n4\n\n\n'))
+
+# 'filename' is expanded to the currently parsed file name,
+# 'lineno' to the line number.
+$(warning,filename=$(filename))
+$(warning,lineno=$(lineno))
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/__init__.py b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e53ba08fca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+"""
+Built-in function tests.
+"""
+
+def test(conf):
+    assert conf.oldaskconfig() == 0
+    assert conf.stdout_contains('expected_stdout')
+    assert conf.stderr_matches('expected_stderr')
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stderr b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stderr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..33ea9ca38400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Kconfig:8: hello world 1
+Kconfig:18: hello world 3
+Kconfig:22: hello world  4
+Kconfig:26: filename=Kconfig
+Kconfig:27: lineno=27
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stdout b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stdout
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82de3a7e97de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/builtin_func/expected_stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello world 0
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/Kconfig b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6838997c23ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+X = $(Y)
+Y = $(X)
+$(info $(X))
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/__init__.py b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..419bda3e075c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+"""
+Detect circular variable expansion.
+
+If a recursively expanded variable references itself (eventually),
+it should fail with an error message.
+"""
+
+def test(conf):
+    assert conf.oldaskconfig() != 0
+    assert conf.stderr_matches('expected_stderr')
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/expected_stderr b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/expected_stderr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cde68fa989d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/circular_expansion/expected_stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Kconfig:5: Recursive variable 'X' references itself (eventually)
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/Kconfig b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4e3f44445544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+# Shorthand
+warning = $(warning-if,y,$(1))
+
+# You can not pass commas directly to a function since they are treated as
+# delimiters. You can use the following trick to do so.
+comma   := ,
+$(warning,hello$(comma) world)
+
+# Like Make, single quotes, double quotes, spaces are treated verbatim.
+# The following prints the text as-is.
+$(warning,  ' " '"   ' ''' "'")
+
+# Unlike Make, '$' has special meaning only when it is followed by '('.
+# No need to escape '$' itself.
+$(warning,$)
+$(warning,$$)
+$ := 1
+$(warning,$($))
+
+# You need a trick to escape '$' followed by '('
+# The following should print "$(X)". It should not be expanded further.
+dollar := $
+$(warning,$(dollar)(X))
+
+# You need a trick to treat unbalanced parentheses.
+# The following should print "(".
+left_paren := (
+$(warning,$(left_paren))
+
+# A simple expanded should not be expanded multiple times.
+# The following should print "$(X)". It should not be expanded further.
+Y := $(dollar)(X)
+$(warning,$(Y))
+
+# The following should print "$(X)" as well.
+Y = $(dollar)(X)
+$(warning,$(Y))
+
+# The following should print "$(".
+# It should not be emit "unterminated reference" error.
+unterminated := $(dollar)(
+$(warning,$(unterminated))
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/__init__.py b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ee8e747f546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+"""
+Escape sequence tests.
+"""
+
+def test(conf):
+    assert conf.oldaskconfig() == 0
+    assert conf.stderr_matches('expected_stderr')
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/expected_stderr b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/expected_stderr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1c00957ddaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/escape/expected_stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Kconfig:9: hello, world
+Kconfig:13:   ' " '"   ' ''' "'"
+Kconfig:17: $
+Kconfig:18: $$
+Kconfig:20: 1
+Kconfig:25: $(X)
+Kconfig:30: (
+Kconfig:35: $(X)
+Kconfig:39: $(X)
+Kconfig:44: $(
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/Kconfig b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9ce2f95cbd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+# Shorthand
+warning = $(warning-if,y,$(1))
+
+# Simply expanded variable.
+X := 1
+SIMPLE := $(X)
+X := 2
+$(warning,SIMPLE = $(SIMPLE))
+
+# Recursively expanded variable.
+X := 1
+RECURSIVE = $(X)
+X := 2
+$(warning,RECURSIVE = $(RECURSIVE))
+
+# Append something to a simply expanded variable.
+Y := 3
+SIMPLE += $(Y)
+Y := 4
+$(warning,SIMPLE = $(SIMPLE))
+
+# Append something to a recursively expanded variable.
+Y := 3
+RECURSIVE += $(Y)
+Y := 4
+$(warning,RECURSIVE = $(RECURSIVE))
+
+# Use += operator to an undefined variable.
+# This works as a recursively expanded variable.
+Y := 3
+UNDEFINED_VARIABLE += $(Y)
+Y := 4
+$(warning,UNDEFINED_VARIABLE = $(UNDEFINED_VARIABLE))
+
+# You can use variable references for the lefthand side of assignment statement.
+X := A
+Y := B
+$(X)$(Y) := 5
+$(warning,AB = $(AB))
+
+# User-defined function.
+greeting = $(1), my name is $(2).
+$(warning,$(greeting,Hello,John))
+
+# The number of arguments is not checked for user-defined functions.
+# If some arguments are optional, it is useful to pass fewer parameters.
+# $(2) will be blank in this case.
+$(warning,$(greeting,Hello))
+
+# Unreferenced parameters are just ignored.
+$(warning,$(greeting,Hello,John,ignored,ignored))
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/__init__.py b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e88b1708d6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+"""
+Variable and user-defined function tests.
+"""
+
+def test(conf):
+    assert conf.oldaskconfig() == 0
+    assert conf.stderr_matches('expected_stderr')
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/expected_stderr b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/expected_stderr
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a4841c3fdff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/preprocess/variable/expected_stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Kconfig:10: SIMPLE = 1
+Kconfig:16: RECURSIVE = 2
+Kconfig:22: SIMPLE = 1 3
+Kconfig:28: RECURSIVE = 2 4
+Kconfig:35: UNDEFINED_VARIABLE = 4
+Kconfig:41: AB = 5
+Kconfig:45: Hello, my name is John.
+Kconfig:50: Hello, my name is .
+Kconfig:53: Hello, my name is John.
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/util.c b/scripts/kconfig/util.c
index c6f6e21b809f..a365594770d9 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/util.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/util.c
@@ -14,18 +14,16 @@
 struct file *file_lookup(const char *name)
 {
         struct file *file;
-        char *file_name = sym_expand_string_value(name);
 
         for (file = file_list; file; file = file->next) {
                 if (!strcmp(name, file->name)) {
-                        free(file_name);
                         return file;
                 }
         }
 
         file = xmalloc(sizeof(*file));
         memset(file, 0, sizeof(*file));
-        file->name = file_name;
+        file->name = xstrdup(name);
         file->next = file_list;
         file_list = file;
         return file;
@@ -34,8 +32,6 @@ struct file *file_lookup(const char *name)
 /* write a dependency file as used by kbuild to track dependencies */
 int file_write_dep(const char *name)
 {
-        struct symbol *sym, *env_sym;
-        struct expr *e;
         struct file *file;
         FILE *out;
 
@@ -54,21 +50,7 @@ int file_write_dep(const char *name)
         fprintf(out, "\n%s: \\\n"
                      "\t$(deps_config)\n\n", conf_get_autoconfig_name());
 
-        expr_list_for_each_sym(sym_env_list, e, sym) {
-                struct property *prop;
-                const char *value;
-
-                prop = sym_get_env_prop(sym);
-                env_sym = prop_get_symbol(prop);
-                if (!env_sym)
-                        continue;
-                value = getenv(env_sym->name);
-                if (!value)
-                        value = "";
-                fprintf(out, "ifneq \"$(%s)\" \"%s\"\n", env_sym->name, value);
-                fprintf(out, "%s: FORCE\n", conf_get_autoconfig_name());
-                fprintf(out, "endif\n");
-        }
+        env_write_dep(out, conf_get_autoconfig_name());
 
         fprintf(out, "\n$(deps_config): ;\n");
         fclose(out);
@@ -165,3 +147,14 @@ char *xstrdup(const char *s)
         fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
         exit(1);
 }
+
+char *xstrndup(const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+        char *p;
+
+        p = strndup(s, n);
+        if (p)
+                return p;
+        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
+        exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.l b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.l
index 045093d827e1..25bd2b89fe3f 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.l
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.l
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 %option nostdinit noyywrap never-interactive full ecs
 %option 8bit nodefault yylineno
-%option noinput
-%x COMMAND HELP STRING PARAM
+%x COMMAND HELP STRING PARAM ASSIGN_VAL
 %{
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2002 Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
  * Released under the terms of the GNU GPL v2.0.
  */
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ struct buffer *current_buf;
 
 static int last_ts, first_ts;
 
+static char *expand_token(const char *in, size_t n);
+static void append_expanded_string(const char *in);
 static void zconf_endhelp(void);
 static void zconf_endfile(void);
 
@@ -101,17 +103,28 @@ n	[A-Za-z0-9_-]
 <COMMAND>{
         {n}+    {
                 const struct kconf_id *id = kconf_id_lookup(yytext, yyleng);
-                BEGIN(PARAM);
                 current_pos.file = current_file;
                 current_pos.lineno = yylineno;
                 if (id && id->flags & TF_COMMAND) {
+                        BEGIN(PARAM);
                         yylval.id = id;
                         return id->token;
                 }
                 alloc_string(yytext, yyleng);
                 yylval.string = text;
-                return T_WORD;
+                return T_VARIABLE;
         }
+        ({n}|$)+        {
+                /* this token includes at least one '$' */
+                yylval.string = expand_token(yytext, yyleng);
+                if (strlen(yylval.string))
+                        return T_VARIABLE;
+                free(yylval.string);
+        }
+        "="     { BEGIN(ASSIGN_VAL); yylval.flavor = VAR_RECURSIVE; return T_ASSIGN; }
+        ":="    { BEGIN(ASSIGN_VAL); yylval.flavor = VAR_SIMPLE; return T_ASSIGN; }
+        "+="    { BEGIN(ASSIGN_VAL); yylval.flavor = VAR_APPEND; return T_ASSIGN; }
+        [[:blank:]]+
         .       warn_ignored_character(*yytext);
         \n      {
                 BEGIN(INITIAL);
@@ -119,6 +132,16 @@ n	[A-Za-z0-9_-]
         }
 }
 
+<ASSIGN_VAL>{
+        [^[:blank:]\n]+.*       {
+                alloc_string(yytext, yyleng);
+                yylval.string = text;
+                return T_ASSIGN_VAL;
+        }
+        \n      { BEGIN(INITIAL); return T_EOL; }
+        .
+}
+
 <PARAM>{
         "&&"    return T_AND;
         "||"    return T_OR;
@@ -147,6 +170,13 @@ n	[A-Za-z0-9_-]
                 yylval.string = text;
                 return T_WORD;
         }
+        ({n}|[/.$])+    {
+                /* this token includes at least one '$' */
+                yylval.string = expand_token(yytext, yyleng);
+                if (strlen(yylval.string))
+                        return T_WORD;
+                free(yylval.string);
+        }
         #.*     /* comment */
         \\\n    ;
         [[:blank:]]+
@@ -157,12 +187,13 @@ n	[A-Za-z0-9_-]
 }
 
 <STRING>{
-        [^'"\\\n]+/\n   {
+        "$".*   append_expanded_string(yytext);
+        [^$'"\\\n]+/\n  {
                 append_string(yytext, yyleng);
                 yylval.string = text;
                 return T_WORD_QUOTE;
         }
-        [^'"\\\n]+      {
+        [^$'"\\\n]+     {
                 append_string(yytext, yyleng);
         }
         \\.?/\n {
@@ -249,6 +280,58 @@ n	[A-Za-z0-9_-]
 }
 
 %%
+static char *expand_token(const char *in, size_t n)
+{
+        char *out;
+        int c;
+        char c2;
+        const char *rest, *end;
+
+        new_string();
+        append_string(in, n);
+
+        /* get the whole line because we do not know the end of token. */
+        while ((c = input()) != EOF) {
+                if (c == '\n') {
+                        unput(c);
+                        break;
+                }
+                c2 = c;
+                append_string(&c2, 1);
+        }
+
+        rest = text;
+        out = expand_one_token(&rest);
+
+        /* push back unused characters to the input stream */
+        end = rest + strlen(rest);
+        while (end > rest)
+                unput(*--end);
+
+        free(text);
+
+        return out;
+}
+
+static void append_expanded_string(const char *str)
+{
+        const char *end;
+        char *res;
+
+        str++;
+
+        res = expand_dollar(&str);
+
+        /* push back unused characters to the input stream */
+        end = str + strlen(str);
+        while (end > str)
+                unput(*--end);
+
+        append_string(res, strlen(res));
+
+        free(res);
+}
+
 void zconf_starthelp(void)
 {
         new_string();
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.y b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.y
index ad6305b0f40c..6f9b0aa32a82 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.y
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.y
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ static struct menu *current_menu, *current_entry;
         struct expr *expr;
         struct menu *menu;
         const struct kconf_id *id;
+        enum variable_flavor flavor;
 }
 
 %token <id>T_MAINMENU
@@ -77,6 +78,9 @@ static struct menu *current_menu, *current_entry;
 %token T_CLOSE_PAREN
 %token T_OPEN_PAREN
 %token T_EOL
+%token <string> T_VARIABLE
+%token <flavor> T_ASSIGN
+%token <string> T_ASSIGN_VAL
 
 %left T_OR
 %left T_AND
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ static struct menu *current_menu, *current_entry;
 %type <id> end
 %type <id> option_name
 %type <menu> if_entry menu_entry choice_entry
-%type <string> symbol_option_arg word_opt
+%type <string> symbol_option_arg word_opt assign_val
 
 %destructor {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: missing end statement for this entry\n",
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ static struct menu *current_menu, *current_entry;
 %%
 input: nl start | start;
 
-start: mainmenu_stmt stmt_list | no_mainmenu_stmt stmt_list;
+start: mainmenu_stmt stmt_list | stmt_list;
 
 /* mainmenu entry */
 
@@ -118,19 +122,6 @@ mainmenu_stmt: T_MAINMENU prompt nl
         menu_add_prompt(P_MENU, $2, NULL);
 };
 
-/* Default main menu, if there's no mainmenu entry */
-
-no_mainmenu_stmt: /* empty */
-{
-        /*
-         * Hack: Keep the main menu title on the heap so we can safely free it
-         * later regardless of whether it comes from the 'prompt' in
-         * mainmenu_stmt or here
-         */
-        menu_add_prompt(P_MENU, xstrdup("Linux Kernel Configuration"), NULL);
-};
-
-
 stmt_list:
           /* empty */
         | stmt_list common_stmt
@@ -156,6 +147,7 @@ common_stmt:
         | config_stmt
         | menuconfig_stmt
         | source_stmt
+        | assignment_stmt
 ;
 
 option_error:
@@ -524,31 +516,42 @@ symbol:	  nonconst_symbol
 word_opt: /* empty */                   { $$ = NULL; }
         | T_WORD
 
+/* assignment statement */
+
+assignment_stmt:  T_VARIABLE T_ASSIGN assign_val T_EOL  { variable_add($1, $3, $2); free($1); free($3); }
+
+assign_val:
+        /* empty */             { $$ = xstrdup(""); };
+        | T_ASSIGN_VAL
+;
+
 %%
 
 void conf_parse(const char *name)
 {
-        const char *tmp;
         struct symbol *sym;
         int i;
 
         zconf_initscan(name);
 
-        sym_init();
         _menu_init();
 
         if (getenv("ZCONF_DEBUG"))
                 yydebug = 1;
         yyparse();
+
+        /* Variables are expanded in the parse phase. We can free them here. */
+        variable_all_del();
+
         if (yynerrs)
                 exit(1);
         if (!modules_sym)
                 modules_sym = sym_find( "n" );
 
-        tmp = rootmenu.prompt->text;
-        rootmenu.prompt->text = _(rootmenu.prompt->text);
-        rootmenu.prompt->text = sym_expand_string_value(rootmenu.prompt->text);
-        free((char*)tmp);
+        if (!menu_has_prompt(&rootmenu)) {
+                current_entry = &rootmenu;
+                menu_add_prompt(P_MENU, "Main menu", NULL);
+        }
 
         menu_finalize(&rootmenu);
         for_all_symbols(i, sym) {
@@ -780,3 +783,4 @@ void zconfdump(FILE *out)
 #include "expr.c"
 #include "symbol.c"
 #include "menu.c"
+#include "preprocess.c"