aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/Changes
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>2016-09-19 07:07:42 -0400
committerJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>2016-09-20 20:35:03 -0400
commit840f6690b0a7bf8ba2b104193bb31ab293f0a66c (patch)
tree880f8f018a10a3ee66f5bbc11e7efb7514a7c4e2 /Documentation/Changes
parent330ae7e99d44c7a591c0a15353b12d5b83d97f70 (diff)
Documentation/Changes: convert it to ReST markup
- Fix chapter identation inconsistencies; - Convert table to ReST format; - use the right tag for bullets; - Fix bold emphasis; - mark blocks with :: tags; - use verbatim font for files; - make Sphinx happy Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/Changes')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/Changes224
1 files changed, 134 insertions, 90 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Changes b/Documentation/Changes
index ec97b77c8b00..a9f365d864c7 100644
--- a/Documentation/Changes
+++ b/Documentation/Changes
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
1Minimal requerements to compile the Kernel
2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3
1Intro 4Intro
2===== 5=====
3 6
@@ -10,9 +13,9 @@ Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
10'net). 13'net).
11 14
12Current Minimal Requirements 15Current Minimal Requirements
13============================ 16****************************
14 17
15Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've 18Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
16encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently 19encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17running, the suggested command should tell you. 20running, the suggested command should tell you.
18 21
@@ -21,34 +24,38 @@ running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, 24systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. 25you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
23 26
24o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version 27====================== =============== ========================================
25o GNU make 3.80 # make --version 28 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
26o binutils 2.12 # ld -v 29====================== =============== ========================================
27o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version 30GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
28o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V 31GNU make 3.80 make --version
29o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V 32binutils 2.12 ld -v
30o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V 33util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
31o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 34module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
32o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V 35e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
33o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version 36jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
34o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck 37reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
35o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V 38xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
36o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V 39squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
37o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version 40btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
38o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version 41pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
39o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version 42quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
40o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version 43PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
41o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version 44isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
42o udev 081 # udevd --version 45nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
43o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version 46procps 3.2.0 ps --version
44o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version 47oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
45o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V 48udev 081 udevd --version
46o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 # openssl version 49grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
47o bc 1.06.95 # bc --version 50mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
51iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
52openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
53bc 1.06.95 bc --version
54====================== =============== ========================================
48 55
49 56
50Kernel compilation 57Kernel compilation
51================== 58******************
52 59
53GCC 60GCC
54--- 61---
@@ -64,16 +71,16 @@ You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
64Binutils 71Binutils
65-------- 72--------
66 73
67Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for 74Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
68assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile 75assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
69your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent 76your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
70release of binutils. 77release of binutils.
71 78
72Perl 79Perl
73---- 80----
74 81
75You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, 82You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
76File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel. 83``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
77 84
78BC 85BC
79-- 86--
@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@ and higher.
93 100
94 101
95System utilities 102System utilities
96================ 103****************
97 104
98Architectural changes 105Architectural changes
99--------------------- 106---------------------
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
115Util-linux 122Util-linux
116---------- 123----------
117 124
118New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, 125New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
119support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition 126support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
120types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. 127types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
121You'll probably want to upgrade. 128You'll probably want to upgrade.
@@ -125,54 +132,57 @@ Ksymoops
125 132
126If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the 133If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
127ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. 134ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
128It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so 135It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
129that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also 136that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
130produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel 137produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
131is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and 138is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
132reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops 139reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
133with ksymoops. 140with ksymoops.
134 141
135Module-Init-Tools 142Module-Init-Tools
136----------------- 143-----------------
137 144
138A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools 145A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
139to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. 146to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
140 147
141Mkinitrd 148Mkinitrd
142-------- 149--------
143 150
144These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that 151These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
145mkinitrd be upgraded. 152mkinitrd be upgraded.
146 153
147E2fsprogs 154E2fsprogs
148--------- 155---------
149 156
150The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and 157The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
151debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. 158debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
152 159
153JFSutils 160JFSutils
154-------- 161--------
155 162
156The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. 163The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
157The following utilities are available: 164The following utilities are available:
158o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check 165
166- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
159 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 167 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
160o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. 168
161o other file system utilities are also available in this package. 169- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
170
171- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
162 172
163Reiserfsprogs 173Reiserfsprogs
164------------- 174-------------
165 175
166The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x 176The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
167(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working 177(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
168versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and 178versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
169reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. 179``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
170 180
171Xfsprogs 181Xfsprogs
172-------- 182--------
173 183
174The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the 184The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
175xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is 185``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
176architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should 186architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
177work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or 187work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
178later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). 188later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
180PCMCIAutils 190PCMCIAutils
181----------- 191-----------
182 192
183PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up 193PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
184PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules 194PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
185for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug 195for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
186subsystem is used. 196subsystem is used.
@@ -200,17 +210,20 @@ A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
200accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using 210accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
201udev you may need to: 211udev you may need to:
202 212
203mkdir /dev/cpu 213::
204mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 214
205chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 215 mkdir /dev/cpu
216 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
217 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
206 218
207as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to 219as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
208get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. 220get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
209 221
210udev 222udev
211---- 223----
212udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with 224
213only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic 225``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
226only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
214functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for 227functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
215devices. 228devices.
216 229
@@ -218,10 +231,10 @@ FUSE
218---- 231----
219 232
220Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount 233Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
221options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. 234options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
222 235
223Networking 236Networking
224========== 237**********
225 238
226General changes 239General changes
227--------------- 240---------------
@@ -245,7 +258,9 @@ upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
245If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp 258If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
246which can be made by: 259which can be made by:
247 260
248mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 261::
262
263 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
249 264
250as root. 265as root.
251 266
@@ -260,23 +275,25 @@ NFS-utils
260 275
261In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know 276In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
262about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This 277about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
263information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client 278information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
264mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs 279mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
265would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. 280would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
266 281
267This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct 282This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
268which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement 283which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
269fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from 284fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
270getting lots of old entries that never get removed. 285getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
271 286
272With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd 287With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
273when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give 288when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
274appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the 289appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
275dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about 290dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
276currently active clients. 291currently active clients.
277 292
278To enable this new functionality, you need to: 293To enable this new functionality, you need to:
279 294
295::
296
280 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 297 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
281 298
282before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS 299before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
@@ -287,8 +304,8 @@ mcelog
287------ 304------
288 305
289On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check 306On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
290events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported 307events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
291by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. 308reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
292 309
293Getting updated software 310Getting updated software
294======================== 311========================
@@ -298,114 +315,141 @@ Kernel compilation
298 315
299gcc 316gcc
300--- 317---
301o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 318
319- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
302 320
303Make 321Make
304---- 322----
305o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 323
324- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
306 325
307Binutils 326Binutils
308-------- 327--------
309o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> 328
329- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
310 330
311OpenSSL 331OpenSSL
312------- 332-------
313o <https://www.openssl.org/> 333
334- <https://www.openssl.org/>
314 335
315System utilities 336System utilities
316**************** 337****************
317 338
318Util-linux 339Util-linux
319---------- 340----------
320o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> 341
342- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
321 343
322Ksymoops 344Ksymoops
323-------- 345--------
324o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> 346
347- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
325 348
326Module-Init-Tools 349Module-Init-Tools
327----------------- 350-----------------
328o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> 351
352- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
329 353
330Mkinitrd 354Mkinitrd
331-------- 355--------
332o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> 356
357- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
333 358
334E2fsprogs 359E2fsprogs
335--------- 360---------
336o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> 361
362- <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
337 363
338JFSutils 364JFSutils
339-------- 365--------
340o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> 366
367- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
341 368
342Reiserfsprogs 369Reiserfsprogs
343------------- 370-------------
344o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> 371
372- <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
345 373
346Xfsprogs 374Xfsprogs
347-------- 375--------
348o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> 376
377- <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
349 378
350Pcmciautils 379Pcmciautils
351----------- 380-----------
352o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> 381
382- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
353 383
354Quota-tools 384Quota-tools
355---------- 385-----------
356o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> 386
387- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
357 388
358DocBook Stylesheets 389DocBook Stylesheets
359------------------- 390-------------------
360o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/> 391
392- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
361 393
362XMLTO XSLT Frontend 394XMLTO XSLT Frontend
363------------------- 395-------------------
364o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> 396
397- <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
365 398
366Intel P6 microcode 399Intel P6 microcode
367------------------ 400------------------
368o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 401
402- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
369 403
370udev 404udev
371---- 405----
372o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> 406
407- <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
373 408
374FUSE 409FUSE
375---- 410----
376o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> 411
412- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
377 413
378mcelog 414mcelog
379------ 415------
380o <http://www.mcelog.org/> 416
417- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
381 418
382Networking 419Networking
383********** 420**********
384 421
385PPP 422PPP
386--- 423---
387o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 424
425- <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
388 426
389Isdn4k-utils 427Isdn4k-utils
390------------ 428------------
391o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> 429
430- <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
392 431
393NFS-utils 432NFS-utils
394--------- 433---------
395o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> 434
435- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
396 436
397Iptables 437Iptables
398-------- 438--------
399o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> 439
440- <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
400 441
401Ip-route2 442Ip-route2
402--------- 443---------
403o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> 444
445- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
404 446
405OProfile 447OProfile
406-------- 448--------
407o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> 449
450- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
408 451
409NFS-Utils 452NFS-Utils
410--------- 453---------
411o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> 454
455- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>