/* lru_cache.c This file is part of DRBD by Philipp Reisner and Lars Ellenberg. Copyright (C) 2003-2008, LINBIT Information Technologies GmbH. Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>. Copyright (C) 2003-2008, Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>. drbd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. drbd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with drbd; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/bitops.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/string.h> /* for memset */ #include <linux/seq_file.h> /* for seq_printf */ #include <linux/lru_cache.h> MODULE_AUTHOR("Philipp Reisner <phil@linbit.com>, " "Lars Ellenberg <lars@linbit.com>"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("lru_cache - Track sets of hot objects"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); /* this is developers aid only. * it catches concurrent access (lack of locking on the users part) */ #define PARANOIA_ENTRY() do { \ BUG_ON(!lc); \ BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements); \ BUG_ON(test_and_set_bit(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags)); \ } while (0) #define RETURN(x...) do { \ clear_bit(__LC_PARANOIA, &lc->flags); \ smp_mb__after_clear_bit(); return x ; } while (0) /* BUG() if e is not one of the elements tracked by lc */ #define PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e) do { \ struct lru_cache *lc_ = (lc); \ struct lc_element *e_ = (e); \ unsigned i = e_->lc_index; \ BUG_ON(i >= lc_->nr_elements); \ BUG_ON(lc_->lc_element[i] != e_); } while (0) /** * lc_create - prepares to track objects in an active set * @name: descriptive name only used in lc_seq_printf_stats and lc_seq_dump_details * @e_count: number of elements allowed to be active simultaneously * @e_size: size of the tracked objects * @e_off: offset to the &struct lc_element member in a tracked object * * Returns a pointer to a newly initialized struct lru_cache on success, * or NULL on (allocation) failure. */ struct lru_cache *lc_create(const char *name, struct kmem_cache *cache, unsigned e_count, size_t e_size, size_t e_off) { struct hlist_head *slot = NULL; struct lc_element **element = NULL; struct lru_cache *lc; struct lc_element *e; unsigned cache_obj_size = kmem_cache_size(cache); unsigned i; WARN_ON(cache_obj_size < e_size); if (cache_obj_size < e_size) return NULL; /* e_count too big; would probably fail the allocation below anyways. * for typical use cases, e_count should be few thousand at most. */ if (e_count > LC_MAX_ACTIVE) return NULL; slot = kcalloc(e_count, sizeof(struct hlist_head), GFP_KERNEL); if (!slot) goto out_fail; element = kzalloc(e_count * sizeof(struct lc_element *), GFP_KERNEL); if (!element) goto out_fail; lc = kzalloc(sizeof(*lc), GFP_KERNEL); if (!lc) goto out_fail; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free); lc->name = name; lc->element_size = e_size; lc->element_off = e_off; lc->nr_elements = e_count; lc->new_number = LC_FREE; lc->lc_cache = cache; lc->lc_element = element; lc->lc_slot = slot; /* preallocate all objects */ for (i = 0; i < e_count; i++) { void *p = kmem_cache_alloc(cache, GFP_KERNEL); if (!p) break; memset(p, 0, lc->element_size); e = p + e_off; e->lc_index = i; e->lc_number = LC_FREE; list_add(&e->list, &lc->free); element[i] = e; } if (i == e_count) return lc; /* else: could not allocate all elements, give up */ for (i--; i; i--) { void *p = element[i]; kmem_cache_free(cache, p - e_off); } kfree(lc); out_fail: kfree(element); kfree(slot); return NULL; } void lc_free_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i) { void *p = lc->lc_element[i]; WARN_ON(!p); if (p) { p -= lc->element_off; kmem_cache_free(lc->lc_cache, p); } } /** * lc_destroy - frees memory allocated by lc_create() * @lc: the lru cache to destroy */ void lc_destroy(struct lru_cache *lc) { unsigned i; if (!lc) return; for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++) lc_free_by_index(lc, i); kfree(lc->lc_element); kfree(lc->lc_slot); kfree(lc); } /** * lc_reset - does a full reset for @lc and the hash table slots. * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * * It is roughly the equivalent of re-allocating a fresh lru_cache object, * basically a short cut to lc_destroy(lc); lc = lc_create(...); */ void lc_reset(struct lru_cache *lc) { unsigned i; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->in_use); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->lru); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lc->free); lc->used = 0; lc->hits = 0; lc->misses = 0; lc->starving = 0; lc->dirty = 0; lc->changed = 0; lc->flags = 0; lc->changing_element = NULL; lc->new_number = LC_FREE; memset(lc->lc_slot, 0, sizeof(struct hlist_head) * lc->nr_elements); for (i = 0; i < lc->nr_elements; i++) { struct lc_element *e = lc->lc_element[i]; void *p = e; p -= lc->element_off; memset(p, 0, lc->element_size); /* re-init it */ e->lc_index = i; e->lc_number = LC_FREE; list_add(&e->list, &lc->free); } } /** * lc_seq_printf_stats - print stats about @lc into @seq * @seq: the seq_file to print into * @lc: the lru cache to print statistics of */ size_t lc_seq_printf_stats(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc) { /* NOTE: * total calls to lc_get are * (starving + hits + misses) * misses include "dirty" count (update from an other thread in * progress) and "changed", when this in fact lead to an successful * update of the cache. */ return seq_printf(seq, "\t%s: used:%u/%u " "hits:%lu misses:%lu starving:%lu dirty:%lu changed:%lu\n", lc->name, lc->used, lc->nr_elements, lc->hits, lc->misses, lc->starving, lc->dirty, lc->changed); } static struct hlist_head *lc_hash_slot(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr) { return lc->lc_slot + (enr % lc->nr_elements); } /** * lc_find - find element by label, if present in the hash table * @lc: The lru_cache object * @enr: element number * * Returns the pointer to an element, if the element with the requested * "label" or element number is present in the hash table, * or NULL if not found. Does not change the refcnt. */ struct lc_element *lc_find(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr) { struct hlist_node *n; struct lc_element *e; BUG_ON(!lc); BUG_ON(!lc->nr_elements); hlist_for_each_entry(e, n, lc_hash_slot(lc, enr), colision) { if (e->lc_number == enr) return e; } return NULL; } /* returned element will be "recycled" immediately */ static struct lc_element *lc_evict(struct lru_cache *lc) { struct list_head *n; struct lc_element *e; if (list_empty(&lc->lru)) return NULL; n = lc->lru.prev; e = list_entry(n, struct lc_element, list); PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e); list_del(&e->list); hlist_del(&e->colision); return e; } /** * lc_del - removes an element from the cache * @lc: The lru_cache object * @e: The element to remove * * @e must be unused (refcnt == 0). Moves @e from "lru" to "free" list, * sets @e->enr to %LC_FREE. */ void lc_del(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e) { PARANOIA_ENTRY(); PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e); BUG_ON(e->refcnt); e->lc_number = LC_FREE; hlist_del_init(&e->colision); list_move(&e->list, &lc->free); RETURN(); } static struct lc_element *lc_get_unused_element(struct lru_cache *lc) { struct list_head *n; if (list_empty(&lc->free)) return lc_evict(lc); n = lc->free.next; list_del(n); return list_entry(n, struct lc_element, list); } static int lc_unused_element_available(struct lru_cache *lc) { if (!list_empty(&lc->free)) return 1; /* something on the free list */ if (!list_empty(&lc->lru)) return 1; /* something to evict */ return 0; } /** * lc_get - get element by label, maybe change the active set * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @enr: the label to look up * * Finds an element in the cache, increases its usage count, * "touches" and returns it. * * In case the requested number is not present, it needs to be added to the * cache. Therefore it is possible that an other element becomes evicted from * the cache. In either case, the user is notified so he is able to e.g. keep * a persistent log of the cache changes, and therefore the objects in use. * * Return values: * NULL * The cache was marked %LC_STARVING, * or the requested label was not in the active set * and a changing transaction is still pending (@lc was marked %LC_DIRTY). * Or no unused or free element could be recycled (@lc will be marked as * %LC_STARVING, blocking further lc_get() operations). * * pointer to the element with the REQUESTED element number. * In this case, it can be used right away * * pointer to an UNUSED element with some different element number, * where that different number may also be %LC_FREE. * * In this case, the cache is marked %LC_DIRTY (blocking further changes), * and the returned element pointer is removed from the lru list and * hash collision chains. The user now should do whatever housekeeping * is necessary. * Then he must call lc_changed(lc,element_pointer), to finish * the change. * * NOTE: The user needs to check the lc_number on EACH use, so he recognizes * any cache set change. */ struct lc_element *lc_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr) { struct lc_element *e; PARANOIA_ENTRY(); if (lc->flags & LC_STARVING) { ++lc->starving; RETURN(NULL); } e = lc_find(lc, enr); if (e) { ++lc->hits; if (e->refcnt++ == 0) lc->used++; list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use); /* Not evictable... */ RETURN(e); } ++lc->misses; /* In case there is nothing available and we can not kick out * the LRU element, we have to wait ... */ if (!lc_unused_element_available(lc)) { __set_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags); RETURN(NULL); } /* it was not present in the active set. * we are going to recycle an unused (or even "free") element. * user may need to commit a transaction to record that change. * we serialize on flags & TF_DIRTY */ if (test_and_set_bit(__LC_DIRTY, &lc->flags)) { ++lc->dirty; RETURN(NULL); } e = lc_get_unused_element(lc); BUG_ON(!e); clear_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags); BUG_ON(++e->refcnt != 1); lc->used++; lc->changing_element = e; lc->new_number = enr; RETURN(e); } /* similar to lc_get, * but only gets a new reference on an existing element. * you either get the requested element, or NULL. * will be consolidated into one function. */ struct lc_element *lc_try_get(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr) { struct lc_element *e; PARANOIA_ENTRY(); if (lc->flags & LC_STARVING) { ++lc->starving; RETURN(NULL); } e = lc_find(lc, enr); if (e) { ++lc->hits; if (e->refcnt++ == 0) lc->used++; list_move(&e->list, &lc->in_use); /* Not evictable... */ } RETURN(e); } /** * lc_changed - tell @lc that the change has been recorded * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @e: the element pending label change */ void lc_changed(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e) { PARANOIA_ENTRY(); BUG_ON(e != lc->changing_element); PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e); ++lc->changed; e->lc_number = lc->new_number; list_add(&e->list, &lc->in_use); hlist_add_head(&e->colision, lc_hash_slot(lc, lc->new_number)); lc->changing_element = NULL; lc->new_number = LC_FREE; clear_bit(__LC_DIRTY, &lc->flags); smp_mb__after_clear_bit(); RETURN(); } /** * lc_put - give up refcnt of @e * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @e: the element to put * * If refcnt reaches zero, the element is moved to the lru list, * and a %LC_STARVING (if set) is cleared. * Returns the new (post-decrement) refcnt. */ unsigned int lc_put(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e) { PARANOIA_ENTRY(); PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e); BUG_ON(e->refcnt == 0); BUG_ON(e == lc->changing_element); if (--e->refcnt == 0) { /* move it to the front of LRU. */ list_move(&e->list, &lc->lru); lc->used--; clear_bit(__LC_STARVING, &lc->flags); smp_mb__after_clear_bit(); } RETURN(e->refcnt); } /** * lc_element_by_index * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @i: the index of the element to return */ struct lc_element *lc_element_by_index(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned i) { BUG_ON(i >= lc->nr_elements); BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i] == NULL); BUG_ON(lc->lc_element[i]->lc_index != i); return lc->lc_element[i]; } /** * lc_index_of * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @e: the element to query for its index position in lc->element */ unsigned int lc_index_of(struct lru_cache *lc, struct lc_element *e) { PARANOIA_LC_ELEMENT(lc, e); return e->lc_index; } /** * lc_set - associate index with label * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @enr: the label to set * @index: the element index to associate label with. * * Used to initialize the active set to some previously recorded state. */ void lc_set(struct lru_cache *lc, unsigned int enr, int index) { struct lc_element *e; if (index < 0 || index >= lc->nr_elements) return; e = lc_element_by_index(lc, index); e->lc_number = enr; hlist_del_init(&e->colision); hlist_add_head(&e->colision, lc_hash_slot(lc, enr)); list_move(&e->list, e->refcnt ? &lc->in_use : &lc->lru); } /** * lc_dump - Dump a complete LRU cache to seq in textual form. * @lc: the lru cache to operate on * @seq: the &struct seq_file pointer to seq_printf into * @utext: user supplied "heading" or other info * @detail: function pointer the user may provide to dump further details * of the object the lc_element is embedded in. */ void lc_seq_dump_details(struct seq_file *seq, struct lru_cache *lc, char *utext, void (*detail) (struct seq_file *, struct lc_element *)) { unsigned int nr_elements = lc->nr_elements; struct lc_element *e; int i; seq_printf(seq, "\tnn: lc_number refcnt %s\n ", utext); for (i = 0; i < nr_elements; i++) { e = lc_element_by_index(lc, i); if (e->lc_number == LC_FREE) { seq_printf(seq, "\t%2d: FREE\n", i); } else { seq_printf(seq, "\t%2d: %4u %4u ", i, e->lc_number, e->refcnt); detail(seq, e); } } } EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_create); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_reset); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_destroy); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_set); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_del); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_try_get); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_find); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_get); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_put); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_changed); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_element_by_index); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_index_of); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_printf_stats); EXPORT_SYMBOL(lc_seq_dump_details);