Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt



e53dd083be96

1da177e4c3f4


ca1eda2d75b8


a901ebb907e6


6585fa8aa58c


1da177e4c3f4

c99c108ac362
1da177e4c3f4


e7ba176b47db
1da177e4c3f4
0ae53640b54f
9cfe268ec4f7

1da177e4c3f4


2521f2c228ad
1da177e4c3f4
1da177e4c3f4
6146f0d5e47c
1da177e4c3f4
41e2e8bec2da
b0f83b280fcf
1da177e4c3f4


84c08fd61e2d
fef07aae9cd9
11ef697b37e3
1da177e4c3f4


309e57df7b76
c8facbb62111
1da177e4c3f4


c8facbb62111

1da177e4c3f4

7f785763660e
1da177e4c3f4


163475fb111c

20510f2f4e2d
1da177e4c3f4
c1c124e91e7c
1da177e4c3f4
e523d93c8487
1da177e4c3f4

77437fd4e61f

f38f1d2aa5a3
225a9be24d79
1da177e4c3f4
d4f373e57d39
1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4

71cced6eb044
c01156061bdd
c1c5413ad58c
1da177e4c3f4


954a8b8162ec
1da177e4c3f4
5558870bfbcc
71cced6eb044
5558870bfbcc
1da177e4c3f4


9c4751fd0eab


7a19a237d54e


9c4751fd0eab
6cececfcece2
03d926f82800
68ca406930d6
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4
237889bf0a62
aa2110cb1a75
1da177e4c3f4
53471121a8aa
1da177e4c3f4
a1fdcc0d2714


4e381a4f06e3
a1fdcc0d2714
c3d6de698c84


a0d84a92df43

1da177e4c3f4
a0d84a92df43


e76f42761197


a0d84a92df43
e76f42761197


a0d84a92df43


a0d84a92df43


f989106cac71
0cb55ad2ad55


6cececfcece2
0cb55ad2ad55


4af94f39004a


d7f0eea9e431
4af94f39004a


72ad5d77fb98

d7f0eea9e431


4af94f39004a


7e90560c50f7


4af94f39004a


0cb55ad2ad55


bcfde3347cad


d944d549aa86


54b4cbd26987


afa9fdc2f5f8


a52357259680

afa9fdc2f5f8
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


ca1eda2d75b8
c8facbb62111
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
b0f83b280fcf


9636bc0555e3


1da177e4c3f4
71f77055deea
1da177e4c3f4
1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


bfe8df3d314b


35fc908dc0e7

1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


4e89a2d8e2d5


1da177e4c3f4

cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4


20510f2f4e2d


14ff56bbb342

1da177e4c3f4
8bab8dded67d


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd


661ca0da3e1f


cd4f0ef7c03e
734efb467b31
3f6dee9b2a22
734efb467b31
3f6dee9b2a22
1da177e4c3f4

592913ecb87a
3d6ac9843175


9863c90f682f
3d6ac9843175


ac72e7888a61

07983f0e36ea

ac72e7888a61


14f966e79445


6cececfcece2
a25bd94964e8
86c418374223


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


f1a1c2dc2a95
1da177e4c3f4
f1a1c2dc2a95


1da177e4c3f4
18a8bd949d6a

1da177e4c3f4


f7511d5f66f0


f324edc85e5c


4cb0e11b15d2


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4
6f21e64630d8


dc009d92435f
fb391599f2ea


6f21e64630d8
fb391599f2ea
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


a648ec05bb95


1da177e4c3f4

cae2ed9aa573


3ac7fe5a4aab

3e8ebb5c433f


d3af01f18bf1

2d27a96614c9
1da177e4c3f4


0cb55ad2ad55


55ff9780e7ce
1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
b0f83b280fcf


95ffa2438d0e
95ffa2438d0e

0cb55ad2ad55
95ffa2438d0e
093af8d7f0ba
99fc8d424bc5


6cececfcece2
0cb55ad2ad55


0cb55ad2ad55


1745de5e5639


1da177e4c3f4

0cb55ad2ad55


1917ac76e023
0cb55ad2ad55

1917ac76e023

0cb55ad2ad55

6cececfcece2
1da177e4c3f4

ea3acb199a5d
9780bc41dca7
1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

5c05917e7fe3
1da177e4c3f4


9731191f75a5


1da177e4c3f4
8c4dd6068221
1da177e4c3f4
1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4
71f77055deea
1da177e4c3f4

17a9e7bbae17
a991304496bd


6cececfcece2
a991304496bd
aac04b32f3e4


1da177e4c3f4
0cb55ad2ad55


ca1eda2d75b8
0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4


a08f82d08053


1da177e4c3f4


de1ba09b2140


1da177e4c3f4
31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
f13ae30e1397


d9e540762f5c
2af15d6a44b8
d9e540762f5c


cecbca96da38
2af15d6a44b8
cecbca96da38


2af15d6a44b8


d9e540762f5c
369bc18f9a6c


1da177e4c3f4


aaf230424204


2521f2c228ad


1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4

429aa0fca0df
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


ea8c071cad78


1da177e4c3f4


54cdfdb47f73


1da177e4c3f4


0cb55ad2ad55


b4718e628dbf

0d9ea75443dc


b4718e628dbf

6902aa84f565
555d61d6542d

431429ff7885


cef7125def4d
3a853fb933dd
7954763bb95f

3a853fb933dd


36d9573928f9
1da177e4c3f4
84eb8d0608af

1da177e4c3f4

945ef0d428bc
75d08c78931a

1da177e4c3f4


f8313ef1f448
1da177e4c3f4


e70c9d5e61c6


1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4


0af80c04e2f2

075affcbe01d

1c10e93828f8
1da177e4c3f4
0cb55ad2ad55


f039b754714a
ada9cfdd158a


c1e3b377ad48
ada9cfdd158a
a991304496bd
792908225064


1da177e4c3f4


3323eec921ef


a9ed83a581d0
3323eec921ef

5789ba3bd0a3


1da177e4c3f4


ba39592764ed
0cd5c3c80a0e

ba39592764ed


7d3b03ce7bff


5e0d2a6fc094


ba39592764ed
d1423d567987


0cb55ad2ad55


4ed0d3e6c64c
0cb55ad2ad55


6cececfcece2
6e7c402590b7


b02aae9cf529
6e7c402590b7


b02aae9cf529
1da177e4c3f4
dc7a08166f3a
1da177e4c3f4

c8facbb62111

1da177e4c3f4
200803dfe4ff


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

22f2e2801799


b225d44e2752

22f2e2801799

b225d44e2752
1da177e4c3f4

b225d44e2752

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


0cb55ad2ad55

6cececfcece2
ed7ed365172e


4fe1da4ebc18


84c08fd61e2d
ada64e4c98eb

65b5ac147984


6cdf6e06d70d
84c08fd61e2d


9bed90c6a46f


04f70336c80c


6cececfcece2
0cb55ad2ad55

fef07aae9cd9


a182d8737f0b

fef07aae9cd9

fef07aae9cd9
8475f94abfa4
fef07aae9cd9


1da177e4c3f4

a78bfbfcfaca

cd4f0ef7c03e
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4
6cececfcece2
ada9cfdd158a
e585bef815c0
fcb71f6f034c


203088715885


fcb71f6f034c
78e70c237ffb


332673257056

4c44f309cd39
332673257056


05944bdf6fad


43c9c59185ee

332673257056


95f72d1ed41a
7c4be253d3a0
1da177e4c3f4
31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
a6b25b675db9

1da177e4c3f4
a6b25b675db9


1da177e4c3f4


c756d08a00a2


1da177e4c3f4
accaa24c492f


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4
3209e70e5ed1


0cb55ad2ad55

1da177e4c3f4

61ec7567db10


1da177e4c3f4
0cb55ad2ad55


2b2c37503303
1da177e4c3f4

cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4
71cced6eb044
909dd324fb57
1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4

6902aa84f565


6cececfcece2
1da177e4c3f4


1312848e92a0


1da177e4c3f4
9f077871ce72


caadbdce240c
c64df70793a9
c64df70793a9
9e5f6cf5f755


c64df70793a9
1da177e4c3f4


8f36881b3c97


e6c4dc6c36b0


1da177e4c3f4

1c207f952a3a


39f45d7bc0df


6b74ab97bc12


1da177e4c3f4


6cececfcece2
0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4

c8facbb62111
1da177e4c3f4
4e89a2d8e2d5


5988af231978


9db829f485c5


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4
0cb55ad2ad55
19f594600110
0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd


584015727a3b


d70a011dbbaa
584015727a3b
306a075362a2
dc7a08166f3a
1da177e4c3f4

dc7a08166f3a
1da177e4c3f4
306a075362a2


a72b44222d22


e571cbf1a4f8


58df095b7325


f43bf0bebed7


1e1030dccb10
e7ba176b47db


6cececfcece2
5b9a0e14eb4b
5dc3055879b8
5b9a0e14eb4b
0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4
bff38771e106


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4


0cb55ad2ad55


c1aee215d760


3395ee058879
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


5091faa449ee

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
0cb55ad2ad55

163ecdff060f

1da177e4c3f4

6902aa84f565

6cececfcece2
8b2cb7a8f531
1da177e4c3f4

6cececfcece2
f5a1b191b37a
1da177e4c3f4
f5a1b191b37a


1da177e4c3f4
6902aa84f565

cd4f0ef7c03e
4f88651125e2

1da177e4c3f4
0c752a93353d


01a24d2b9309


a991304496bd
cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4


1f29fae29709


1da177e4c3f4


79bf2bb335b8


eeee7853c4ff

cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4

6cececfcece2
8542b200cbe5

1da177e4c3f4


03ea81550676

d1423d567987
03ea81550676
1da177e4c3f4

0aa366f351d0

9cf4c4fcb597

fd10cde9294f


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4
cd4f0ef7c03e
ad62ca2bd89f
1da177e4c3f4


312f1f014162

cd4f0ef7c03e
abe37e5a13c4
83d7384f8d4a


016ddd9b5b31


0cb55ad2ad55


bbff2168c108
959b4fdfe7e2
cd4f0ef7c03e
b7fb4af06c18

1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
4f88651125e2
61ec7567db10

1da177e4c3f4
97842216b840

c077719be8e9
21acb9caa2e3
c077719be8e9
1da177e4c3f4

cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4


551423748a4e
58687acba592
1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
2b2fd87a6ef5

a6c75b86ce9f


2b633e3fac5e


0cb55ad2ad55

f0c0b2b808f2


7c4be253d3a0


3ef0e1f8cad0


15ac7afe5156


1da177e4c3f4


7e4e0bd50e80


8d7ff4f2a0b2

7e4e0bd50e80

1dcdb5a9e7c2
bcfde3347cad


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4

dd287796d608


1da177e4c3f4


31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1cc0ca26c572

c01156061bdd
cd4f0ef7c03e
a991304496bd

cd4f0ef7c03e
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd
c01156061bdd
a991304496bd
7f785763660e


32a2eea79564

6cececfcece2
61be6d660093
1298307736a5


309e57df7b76


a9322f6488b4


9197979b5185


41b9eb264c84


cd4f0ef7c03e
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
bb71ad880204

7bd1c365fd12

c01156061bdd
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd

c01156061bdd
a991304496bd


c01156061bdd
a991304496bd
7bc5e3f2be32


a991304496bd


13a6ddb08e58

a991304496bd


0637a70a5db9


6b4b78fed47e


4516a618a76e


32a9a682bef2


43c16408842b


6b4b78fed47e
e5665a45fa28


79dd9182db20
28eb5f274a30


79dd9182db20


c7f486567c1d
c39fae1416d5
28eb5f274a30
c7f486567c1d
1da177e4c3f4


31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4


f58dc01ba2ca
e933a73f48e3


fa8a7094ba16
1da177e4c3f4
31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4

31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4

71cced6eb044
1da177e4c3f4


de32a2434f7c


97ef062bbe08


1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4

4af94f39004a


45807a1df9f5

f84d49b218b7


45807a1df9f5

e84845c4bf9a


0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd


b3da2a73ff5a

c0fe2e6964be
1da177e4c3f4
1da177e4c3f4

31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

1da177e4c3f4
31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
dc8c85871c97


7d2c502f1410
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
31c00fc15ebd
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4
31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4
24aaef8d7f8e


21a1ea9eb404
24aaef8d7f8e

21a1ea9eb404

24aaef8d7f8e


21a1ea9eb404
ffdfc40976dd


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4
ecb08d81313a
1da177e4c3f4
46b6d94eb04a

21acb9caa2e3
46b6d94eb04a
1da177e4c3f4

cd4f0ef7c03e
461a9afff5e7


9ea77bdb39b6


7e96287ddc4f


a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4
ecbd0da1eced


f996fc9671d0


0a7b35cb18c5

1da177e4c3f4


cc1ed7542c8c


1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
f6630114d919

0cb55ad2ad55


1da177e4c3f4


c1c124e91e7c


cd4f0ef7c03e
1da177e4c3f4
1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
b05f78f5c713


1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

f0630fff54a2


c1aee215d760

f0630fff54a2


c1aee215d760

f0630fff54a2


c1aee215d760


f0630fff54a2
c1aee215d760


f0630fff54a2
c1aee215d760
f0630fff54a2

c1aee215d760

1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
b7fb4af06c18

d0d4f69bb65a


9c44bc03fff4


1da177e4c3f4


31c00fc15ebd
1da177e4c3f4


f38f1d2aa5a3


1da177e4c3f4


cbf1107126af


42a7fc4a6598


cbf1107126af


a42c390cfa0c


1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4

e52eec13cd6b


5d6f647fc6bb


1da177e4c3f4

77437fd4e61f


1da177e4c3f4


f8707ec96437


c52a7419af18

22a94d79a34b
c52a7419af18
f54871456162


72b33ef8bb1a


a70cdc5200b0

ada9cfdd158a

a70cdc5200b0
730ff34de766


2b1a61f0a8c7


c9af3fa9e1e3
2b1a61f0a8c7
1da177e4c3f4

225a9be24d79


9d612beff508

631595fbf4ae
020e5f85cb08


d3b8f889a220
395628ef4ea1

d3b8f889a220


e82b8e4ea4f3


395628ef4ea1
a991304496bd


1da177e4c3f4

f86dcc5aa8c7


5f8364b7d63a


e3a61b0a8c0e
6cececfcece2
e3a61b0a8c0e

b5e795f8df42


eaafbc3a8ada
b5e795f8df42
fd7c519dd40a


1da177e4c3f4

a991304496bd
d4f373e57d39


c838ea4626d6

a0bb108112a8

d4f373e57d39

c838ea4626d6


d4f373e57d39


c838ea4626d6

d4f373e57d39


14315592009c


6cececfcece2
1dbf527c51c6
e6e5494cb23d


6cececfcece2
af65d64845a9


d080d397f97d


1da177e4c3f4


cd4f0ef7c03e
954a8b8162ec
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


585c3047a881

1da177e4c3f4
585c3047a881


a991304496bd
9ea9a886b0e8


0cb55ad2ad55


f6c06b6807ff


4724ba575ea7


1da177e4c3f4
0cb55ad2ad55


bb24c4716185


1da177e4c3f4


c1c5413ad58c


1dc7ce99b091


c93a4dfb31f2
c1c5413ad58c
1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd

1da177e4c3f4
a991304496bd
1da177e4c3f4


1da177e4c3f4

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                          Kernel Parameters
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
(mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
(defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.

Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:

	modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1

Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
'.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:

	usbcore.blinkenlights=1

Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
	log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
can also be entered as
	log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1


This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".

The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
parameter is applicable:

	ACPI	ACPI support is enabled.
	AGP	AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
	ALSA	ALSA sound support is enabled.
	APIC	APIC support is enabled.
	APM	Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
	AVR32	AVR32 architecture is enabled.
	AX25	Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
	BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
	DRM	Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
	DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
	EDD	BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
	EFI	EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
	EIDE	EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
	FB	The frame buffer device is enabled.
	GCOV	GCOV profiling is enabled.
	HW	Appropriate hardware is enabled.
	IA-64	IA-64 architecture is enabled.
	IMA     Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
	IOSCHED	More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
	IP_PNP	IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
	IPV6	IPv6 support is enabled.
	ISAPNP	ISA PnP code is enabled.
	ISDN	Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
	JOY	Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
	KGDB	Kernel debugger support is enabled.
	KVM	Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
	LIBATA  Libata driver is enabled
	LP	Printer support is enabled.
	LOOP	Loopback device support is enabled.
	M68k	M68k architecture is enabled.
			These options have more detailed description inside of
			Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
	MCA	MCA bus support is enabled.
	MDA	MDA console support is enabled.
	MOUSE	Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
	MSI	Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
	MTD	MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
	NET	Appropriate network support is enabled.
	NUMA	NUMA support is enabled.
	NFS	Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
	OSS	OSS sound support is enabled.
	PV_OPS	A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
	PARIDE	The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
	PARISC	The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
	PCI	PCI bus support is enabled.
	PCIE	PCI Express support is enabled.
	PCMCIA	The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
	PNP	Plug & Play support is enabled.