/* * Intel CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux * * Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Tigran Aivazian * * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on Intel processors * belonging to IA-32 family - PentiumPro, Pentium II, * Pentium III, Xeon, Pentium 4, etc. * * Reference: Section 8.10 of Volume III, Intel Pentium 4 Manual, * Order Number 245472 or free download from: * * http://developer.intel.com/design/pentium4/manuals/245472.htm * * For more information, go to http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * 1.0 16 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Initial release. * 1.01 18 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Added read() support + cleanups. * 1.02 21 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Added 'device trimming' support. open(O_WRONLY) zeroes * and frees the saved copy of applied microcode. * 1.03 29 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Made to use devfs (/dev/cpu/microcode) + cleanups. * 1.04 06 Jun 2000, Simon Trimmer * Added misc device support (now uses both devfs and misc). * Added MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl to clear memory. * 1.05 09 Jun 2000, Simon Trimmer * Messages for error cases (non Intel & no suitable microcode). * 1.06 03 Aug 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Removed ->release(). Removed exclusive open and status bitmap. * Added microcode_rwsem to serialize read()/write()/ioctl(). * Removed global kernel lock usage. * 1.07 07 Sep 2000, Tigran Aivazian * Write 0 to 0x8B msr and then cpuid before reading revision, * so that it works even if there were no update done by the * BIOS. Otherwise, reading from 0x8B gives junk (which happened * to be 0 on my machine which is why it worked even when I * disabled update by the BIOS) * Thanks to Eric W. Biederman for the fix. * 1.08 11 Dec 2000, Richard Schaal and * Tigran Aivazian * Intel Pentium 4 processor support and bugfixes. * 1.09 30 Oct 2001, Tigran Aivazian * Bugfix for HT (Hyper-Threading) enabled processors * whereby processor resources are shared by all logical processors * in a single CPU package. * 1.10 28 Feb 2002 Asit K Mallick and * Tigran Aivazian , * Serialize updates as required on HT processors due to speculative * nature of implementation. * 1.11 22 Mar 2002 Tigran Aivazian * Fix the panic when writing zero-length microcode chunk. * 1.12 29 Sep 2003 Nitin Kamble , * Jun Nakajima * Support for the microcode updates in the new format. * 1.13 10 Oct 2003 Tigran Aivazian * Removed ->read() method and obsoleted MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl * because we no longer hold a copy of applied microcode * in kernel memory. * 1.14 25 Jun 2004 Tigran Aivazian * Fix sigmatch() macro to handle old CPUs with pf == 0. * Thanks to Stuart Swales for pointing out this bug. */ //#define DEBUG /* pr_debug */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Intel CPU (IA-32) Microcode Update Driver"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Tigran Aivazian "); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); #define MICROCODE_VERSION "1.14" #define DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE (2000) /* 2000 bytes */ #define MC_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof (microcode_header_t)) /* 48 bytes */ #define DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE (DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE + MC_HEADER_SIZE) /* 2048 bytes */ #define EXT_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof (struct extended_sigtable)) /* 20 bytes */ #define EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE (sizeof (struct extended_signature)) /* 12 bytes */ #define DWSIZE (sizeof (u32)) #define get_totalsize(mc) \ (((microcode_t *)mc)->hdr.totalsize ? \ ((microcode_t *)mc)->hdr.totalsize : DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE) #define get_datasize(mc) \ (((microcode_t *)mc)->hdr.datasize ? \ ((microcode_t *)mc)->hdr.datasize : DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE) #define sigmatch(s1, s2, p1, p2) \ (((s1) == (s2)) && (((p1) & (p2)) || (((p1) == 0) && ((p2) == 0)))) #define exttable_size(et) ((et)->count * EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE + EXT_HEADER_SIZE) /* serialize access to the physical write to MSR 0x79 */ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(microcode_update_lock); /* no concurrent ->write()s are allowed on /dev/cpu/microcode */ static DECLARE_MUTEX(microcode_sem); static void __user *user_buffer; /* user area microcode data buffer */ static unsigned int user_buffer_size; /* it's size */ typedef enum mc_error_code { MC_SUCCESS = 0, MC_NOTFOUND = 1, MC_MARKED = 2, MC_ALLOCATED = 3, } mc_error_code_t; static struct ucode_cpu_info { unsigned int sig; unsigned int pf; unsigned int rev; unsigned int cksum; mc_error_code_t err; microcode_t *mc; } ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS]; static int microcode_open (struct inode *unused1, struct file *unused2) { return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? 0 : -EPERM; } static void collect_cpu_info (void *unused) { int cpu_num = smp_processor_id(); struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = cpu_data + cpu_num; struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; unsigned int val[2]; uci->sig = uci->pf = uci->rev = uci->cksum = 0; uci->err = MC_NOTFOUND; uci->mc = NULL; if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL || c->x86 < 6 || cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_IA64)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d not a capable Intel processor\n", cpu_num); return; } else { uci->sig = cpuid_eax(0x00000001); if ((c->x86_model >= 5) || (c->x86 > 6)) { /* get processor flags from MSR 0x17 */ rdmsr(MSR_IA32_PLATFORM_ID, val[0], val[1]); uci->pf = 1 << ((val[1] >> 18) & 7); } } wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, 0, 0); /* see notes above for revision 1.07. Apparent chip bug */ serialize_cpu(); /* get the current revision from MSR 0x8B */ rdmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, val[0], uci->rev); pr_debug("microcode: collect_cpu_info : sig=0x%x, pf=0x%x, rev=0x%x\n", uci->sig, uci->pf, uci->rev); } static inline void mark_microcode_update (int cpu_num, microcode_header_t *mc_header, int sig, int pf, int cksum) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; pr_debug("Microcode Found.\n"); pr_debug(" Header Revision 0x%x\n", mc_header->hdrver); pr_debug(" Loader Revision 0x%x\n", mc_header->ldrver); pr_debug(" Revision 0x%x \n", mc_header->rev); pr_debug(" Date %x/%x/%x\n", ((mc_header->date >> 24 ) & 0xff), ((mc_header->date >> 16 ) & 0xff), (mc_header->date & 0xFFFF)); pr_debug(" Signature 0x%x\n", sig); pr_debug(" Type 0x%x Family 0x%x Model 0x%x Stepping 0x%x\n", ((sig >> 12) & 0x3), ((sig >> 8) & 0xf), ((sig >> 4) & 0xf), ((sig & 0xf))); pr_debug(" Processor Flags 0x%x\n", pf); pr_debug(" Checksum 0x%x\n", cksum); if (mc_header->rev < uci->rev) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d not 'upgrading' to earlier revision" " 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n", cpu_num, mc_header->rev, uci->rev); goto out; } else if (mc_header->rev == uci->rev) { /* notify the caller of success on this cpu */ uci->err = MC_SUCCESS; printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d already at revision" " 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n", cpu_num, mc_header->rev, uci->rev); goto out; } pr_debug("microcode: CPU%d found a matching microcode update with " " revision 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n", cpu_num, mc_header->rev, uci->rev); uci->cksum = cksum; uci->pf = pf; /* keep the original mc pf for cksum calculation */ uci->err = MC_MARKED; /* found the match */ out: return; } static int find_matching_ucodes (void) { int cursor = 0; int error = 0; while (cursor + MC_HEADER_SIZE < user_buffer_size) { microcode_header_t mc_header; void *newmc = NULL; int i, sum, cpu_num, allocated_flag, total_size, data_size, ext_table_size; if (copy_from_user(&mc_header, user_buffer + cursor, MC_HEADER_SIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n"); error = -EFAULT; goto out; } total_size = get_totalsize(&mc_header); if ((cursor + total_size > user_buffer_size) || (total_size < DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n"); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } data_size = get_datasize(&mc_header); if ((data_size + MC_HEADER_SIZE > total_size) || (data_size < DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n"); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } if (mc_header.ldrver != 1 || mc_header.hdrver != 1) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Unknown microcode update format\n"); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } for (cpu_num = 0; cpu_num < num_online_cpus(); cpu_num++) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; if (uci->err != MC_NOTFOUND) /* already found a match or not an online cpu*/ continue; if (sigmatch(mc_header.sig, uci->sig, mc_header.pf, uci->pf)) mark_microcode_update(cpu_num, &mc_header, mc_header.sig, mc_header.pf, mc_header.cksum); } ext_table_size = total_size - (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size); if (ext_table_size) { struct extended_sigtable ext_header; struct extended_signature ext_sig; int ext_sigcount; if ((ext_table_size < EXT_HEADER_SIZE) || ((ext_table_size - EXT_HEADER_SIZE) % EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n"); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } if (copy_from_user(&ext_header, user_buffer + cursor + MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size, EXT_HEADER_SIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n"); error = -EFAULT; goto out; } if (ext_table_size != exttable_size(&ext_header)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n"); error = -EFAULT; goto out; } ext_sigcount = ext_header.count; for (i = 0; i < ext_sigcount; i++) { if (copy_from_user(&ext_sig, user_buffer + cursor + MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size + EXT_HEADER_SIZE + EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE * i, EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n"); error = -EFAULT; goto out; } for (cpu_num = 0; cpu_num < num_online_cpus(); cpu_num++) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; if (uci->err != MC_NOTFOUND) /* already found a match or not an online cpu*/ continue; if (sigmatch(ext_sig.sig, uci->sig, ext_sig.pf, uci->pf)) { mark_microcode_update(cpu_num, &mc_header, ext_sig.sig, ext_sig.pf, ext_sig.cksum); } } } } /* now check if any cpu has matched */ for (cpu_num = 0, allocated_flag = 0, sum = 0; cpu_num < num_online_cpus(); cpu_num++) { if (ucode_cpu_info[cpu_num].err == MC_MARKED) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; if (!allocated_flag) { allocated_flag = 1; newmc = vmalloc(total_size); if (!newmc) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not allocate memory\n"); error = -ENOMEM; goto out; } if (copy_from_user(newmc + MC_HEADER_SIZE, user_buffer + cursor + MC_HEADER_SIZE, total_size - MC_HEADER_SIZE)) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n"); vfree(newmc); error = -EFAULT; goto out; } memcpy(newmc, &mc_header, MC_HEADER_SIZE); /* check extended table checksum */ if (ext_table_size) { int ext_table_sum = 0; int * ext_tablep = (((void *) newmc) + MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size); i = ext_table_size / DWSIZE; while (i--) ext_table_sum += ext_tablep[i]; if (ext_table_sum) { printk(KERN_WARNING "microcode: aborting, bad extended signature table checksum\n"); vfree(newmc); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } } /* calculate the checksum */ i = (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size) / DWSIZE; while (i--) sum += ((int *)newmc)[i]; sum -= (mc_header.sig + mc_header.pf + mc_header.cksum); } ucode_cpu_info[cpu_num].mc = newmc; ucode_cpu_info[cpu_num].err = MC_ALLOCATED; /* mc updated */ if (sum + uci->sig + uci->pf + uci->cksum != 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d aborting, bad checksum\n", cpu_num); error = -EINVAL; goto out; } } } cursor += total_size; /* goto the next update patch */ } /* end of while */ out: return error; } static void do_update_one (void * unused) { unsigned long flags; unsigned int val[2]; int cpu_num = smp_processor_id(); struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num; if (uci->mc == NULL) { printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: No new microcode data for CPU%d\n", cpu_num); return; } /* serialize access to the physical write to MSR 0x79 */ spin_lock_irqsave(µcode_update_lock, flags); /* write microcode via MSR 0x79 */ wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_WRITE, (unsigned long) uci->mc->bits, (unsigned long) uci->mc->bits >> 16 >> 16); wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, 0, 0); /* see notes above for revision 1.07. Apparent chip bug */ serialize_cpu(); /* get the current revision from MSR 0x8B */ rdmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, val[0], val[1]); /* notify the caller of success on this cpu */ uci->err = MC_SUCCESS; spin_unlock_irqrestore(µcode_update_lock, flags); printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: CPU%d updated from revision " "0x%x to 0x%x, date = %08x \n", cpu_num, uci->rev, val[1], uci->mc->hdr.date); return; } static int do_microcode_update (void) { int i, error; if (on_each_cpu(collect_cpu_info, NULL, 1, 1) != 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: Error! Could not run on all processors\n"); error = -EIO; goto out; } if ((error = find_matching_ucodes())) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: Error in the microcode data\n"); goto out_free; } if (on_each_cpu(do_update_one, NULL, 1, 1) != 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: Error! Could not run on all processors\n"); error = -EIO; } out_free: for (i = 0; i < num_online_cpus(); i++) { if (ucode_cpu_info[i].mc) { int j; void *tmp = ucode_cpu_info[i].mc; vfree(tmp); for (j = i; j < num_online_cpus(); j++) { if (ucode_cpu_info[j].mc == tmp) ucode_cpu_info[j].mc = NULL; } } } out: return error; } static ssize_t microcode_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *ppos) { ssize_t ret; if (len < DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: not enough data\n"); return -EINVAL; } if ((len >> PAGE_SHIFT) > num_physpages) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: too much data (max %ld pages)\n", num_physpages); return -EINVAL; } down(µcode_sem); user_buffer = (void __user *) buf; user_buffer_size = (int) len; ret = do_microcode_update(); if (!ret) ret = (ssize_t)len; up(µcode_sem); return ret; } static int microcode_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { switch (cmd) { /* * XXX: will be removed after microcode_ctl * is updated to ignore failure of this ioctl() */ case MICROCODE_IOCFREE: return 0; default: return -EINVAL; } return -EINVAL; } static struct file_operations microcode_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .write = microcode_write, .ioctl = microcode_ioctl, .open = microcode_open, }; static struct miscdevice microcode_dev = { .minor = MICROCODE_MINOR, .name = "microcode", .devfs_name = "cpu/microcode", .fops = µcode_fops, }; static int __init microcode_init (void) { int error; error = misc_register(µcode_dev); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: can't misc_register on minor=%d\n", MICROCODE_MINOR); return error; } printk(KERN_INFO "IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v" MICROCODE_VERSION " \n"); return 0; } static void __exit microcode_exit (void) { misc_deregister(µcode_dev); printk(KERN_INFO "IA-32 Microcode Update Driver v" MICROCODE_VERSION " unregistered\n"); } module_init(microcode_init) module_exit(microcode_exit) MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(MICROCODE_MINOR);