/arch/arm26/

lass='sub'>LITMUS^RT and MC^2 V1 support for the i.MX6 processor family.Namhoon Kim
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path: root/mm/page_alloc.c
blob: a9649f4b261e6b3c01632939c46a77f19f447de1 (plain) (tree)
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/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <trace/events/kmem.h>
#include <linux/ftrace_event.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include "internal.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(numa_node);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
/*
 * N.B., Do NOT reference the '_numa_mem_' per cpu variable directly.
 * It will not be defined when CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES is not defined.
 * Use the accessor functions set_numa_mem(), numa_mem_id() and cpu_to_mem()
 * defined in <linux/topology.h>.
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, _numa_mem_);		/* Kernel "local memory" node */
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(_numa_mem_);
#endif

/*
 * Array of node states.
 */
nodemask_t node_states[NR_NODE_STATES] __read_mostly = {
	[N_POSSIBLE] = NODE_MASK_ALL,
	[N_ONLINE] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA
	[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	[N_HIGH_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif
	[N_CPU] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif	/* NUMA */
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_states);

unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly;
int percpu_pagelist_fraction;
gfp_t gfp_allowed_mask __read_mostly = GFP_BOOT_MASK;

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
/*
 * The following functions are used by the suspend/hibernate code to temporarily
 * change gfp_allowed_mask in order to avoid using I/O during memory allocations
 * while devices are suspended.  To avoid races with the suspend/hibernate code,
 * they should always be called with pm_mutex held (gfp_allowed_mask also should
 * only be modified with pm_mutex held, unless the suspend/hibernate code is
 * guaranteed not to run in parallel with that modification).
 */
void set_gfp_allowed_mask(gfp_t mask)
{
	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex));
	gfp_allowed_mask = mask;
}

gfp_t clear_gfp_allowed_mask(gfp_t mask)
{
	gfp_t ret = gfp_allowed_mask;

	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex));
	gfp_allowed_mask &= ~mask;
	return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
int pageblock_order __read_mostly;
#endif

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order);

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *	NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 *
 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 32,
#endif
	 32,
};

EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);

static char * const zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 "DMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 "DMA32",
#endif
	 "Normal",
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 "HighMem",
#endif
	 "Movable",
};

int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_kernel_pages;
static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_all_pages;
static unsigned long __meminitdata dma_reserve;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
  /*
   * MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS determines the maximum number of distinct
   * ranges of memory (RAM) that may be registered with add_active_range().
   * Ranges passed to add_active_range() will be merged if possible
   * so the number of times add_active_range() can be called is
   * related to the number of nodes and the number of holes
   */
  #ifdef CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
    /* Allow an architecture to set MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS to save memory */
    #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
  #else
    #if MAX_NUMNODES >= 32
      /* If there can be many nodes, allow up to 50 holes per node */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS (MAX_NUMNODES*50)
    #else
      /* By default, allow up to 256 distinct regions */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS 256
    #endif
  #endif

  static struct node_active_region __meminitdata early_node_map[MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS];
  static int __meminitdata nr_nodemap_entries;
  static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
  static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
  static unsigned long __initdata required_kernelcore;
  static unsigned long __initdata required_movablecore;
  static unsigned long __meminitdata zone_movable_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];

  /* movable_zone is the "real" zone pages in ZONE_MOVABLE are taken from */
  int movable_zone;
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(movable_zone);
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
int nr_node_ids __read_mostly = MAX_NUMNODES;
int nr_online_nodes __read_mostly = 1;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_node_ids);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_online_nodes);
#endif

int page_group_by_mobility_disabled __read_mostly;

static void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{

	if (unlikely(page_group_by_mobility_disabled))
		migratetype = MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE;

	set_pageblock_flags_group(page, (unsigned long)migratetype,
					PB_migrate, PB_migrate_end);
}

bool oom_killer_disabled __read_mostly;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	int ret = 0;
	unsigned seq;
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

	do {
		seq = zone_span_seqbegin(zone);
		if (pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
			ret = 1;
		else if (pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
			ret = 1;
	} while (zone_span_seqretry(zone, seq));

	return ret;
}

static int page_is_consistent(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page)))
		return 0;
	if (zone != page_zone(page))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}
/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone, page))
		return 1;
	if (!page_is_consistent(zone, page))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}
#else
static inline int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

static void bad_page(struct page *page)
{
	static unsigned long resume;
	static unsigned long nr_shown;
	static unsigned long nr_unshown;

	/* Don't complain about poisoned pages */
	if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
		__ClearPageBuddy(page);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute;
	 * or allow a steady drip of one report per second.
	 */
	if (nr_shown == 60) {
		if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) {
			nr_unshown++;
			goto out;
		}
		if (nr_unshown) {
			printk(KERN_ALERT
			      "BUG: Bad page state: %lu messages suppressed\n",
				nr_unshown);
			nr_unshown = 0;
		}
		nr_shown = 0;
	}
	if (nr_shown++ == 0)
		resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ;

	printk(KERN_ALERT "BUG: Bad page state in process %s  pfn:%05lx\n",
		current->comm, page_to_pfn(page));
	dump_page(page);

	dump_stack();
out:
	/* Leave bad fields for debug, except PageBuddy could make trouble */
	__ClearPageBuddy(page);
	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE);
}

/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
 *
 * All pages have PG_compound set.  All pages have their ->private pointing at
 * the head page (even the head page has this).
 *
 * The first tail page's ->lru.next holds the address of the compound page's
 * put_page() function.  Its ->lru.prev holds the order of allocation.
 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
 */

static void free_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
	__free_pages_ok(page, compound_order(page));
}

void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	set_compound_page_dtor(page, free_compound_page);
	set_compound_order(page, order);
	__SetPageHead(page);
	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		__SetPageTail(p);
		p->first_page = page;
	}
}

static int destroy_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;
	int bad = 0;

	if (unlikely(compound_order(page) != order) ||
	    unlikely(!PageHead(page))) {
		bad_page(page);
		bad++;
	}

	__ClearPageHead(page);

	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		if (unlikely(!PageTail(p) || (p->first_page != page))) {
			bad_page(page);
			bad++;
		}
		__ClearPageTail(p);
	}

	return bad;
}

static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	int i;

	/*
	 * clear_highpage() will use KM_USER0, so it's a bug to use __GFP_ZERO
	 * and __GFP_HIGHMEM from hard or soft interrupt context.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON((gfp_flags & __GFP_HIGHMEM) && in_interrupt());
	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
		clear_highpage(page + i);
}

static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order)
{
	set_page_private(page, order);
	__SetPageBuddy(page);
}

static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
	__ClearPageBuddy(page);
	set_page_private(page, 0);
}

/*
 * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
 * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
 *
 * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
 * the following equation:
 *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
 * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
 * 1 buddy is #10:
 *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
 *
 * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
 * satisfies the following equation:
 *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
 *
 * Assumption: *_mem_map is contiguous at least up to MAX_ORDER
 */
static inline struct page *
__page_find_buddy(struct page *page, unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long buddy_idx = page_idx ^ (1 << order);

	return page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
}

static inline unsigned long
__find_combined_index(unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	return (page_idx & ~(1 << order));
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole &&
 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
 *
 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we use PG_buddy.
 * Setting, clearing, and testing PG_buddy is serialized by zone->lock.
 *
 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
 */
static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
								int order)
{
	if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(buddy)))
		return 0;

	if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
		return 0;

	if (PageBuddy(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
		VM_BUG_ON(page_count(buddy) != 0);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PG_buddy. Page's
 * order is recorded in page_private(page) field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were   
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.   
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.            
 *
 * -- wli
 */

static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
		struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
		int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long page_idx;
	unsigned long combined_idx;
	struct page *buddy;

	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		if (unlikely(destroy_compound_page(page, order)))
			return;

	VM_BUG_ON(migratetype == -1);

	page_idx = page_to_pfn(page) & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);

	VM_BUG_ON(page_idx & ((1 << order) - 1));
	VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));

	while (order < MAX_ORDER-1) {
		buddy = __page_find_buddy(page, page_idx, order);
		if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
			break;

		/* Our buddy is free, merge with it and move up one order. */
		list_del(&buddy->lru);
		zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
		rmv_page_order(buddy);
		combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
		page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
		page_idx = combined_idx;
		order++;
	}
	set_page_order(page, order);

	/*
	 * If this is not the largest possible page, check if the buddy
	 * of the next-highest order is free. If it is, it's possible
	 * that pages are being freed that will coalesce soon. In case,
	 * that is happening, add the free page to the tail of the list
	 * so it's less likely to be used soon and more likely to be merged
	 * as a higher order page
	 */
	if ((order < MAX_ORDER-1) && pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(buddy))) {
		struct page *higher_page, *higher_buddy;
		combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
		higher_page = page + combined_idx - page_idx;
		higher_buddy = __page_find_buddy(higher_page, combined_idx, order + 1);
		if (page_is_buddy(higher_page, higher_buddy, order + 1)) {
			list_add_tail(&page->lru,
				&zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
out:
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}

/*
 * free_page_mlock() -- clean up attempts to free and mlocked() page.
 * Page should not be on lru, so no need to fix that up.
 * free_pages_check() will verify...
 */
static inline void free_page_mlock(struct page *page)
{
	__dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_MLOCK);
	__count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_MLOCKFREED);
}

static inline int free_pages_check(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
		(page->mapping != NULL)  |
		(atomic_read(&page->_count) != 0) |
		(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE))) {
		bad_page(page);
		return 1;
	}
	if (page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP)
		page->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Frees a number of pages from the PCP lists
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
					struct per_cpu_pages *pcp)
{
	int migratetype = 0;
	int batch_free = 0;

	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
	zone->pages_scanned = 0;

	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, count);
	while (count) {
		struct page *page;
		struct list_head *list;

		/*
		 * Remove pages from lists in a round-robin fashion. A
		 * batch_free count is maintained that is incremented when an
		 * empty list is encountered.  This is so more pages are freed
		 * off fuller lists instead of spinning excessively around empty
		 * lists
		 */
		do {
			batch_free++;
			if (++migratetype == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
				migratetype = 0;
			list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
		} while (list_empty(list));

		do {
			page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
			/* must delete as __free_one_page list manipulates */
			list_del(&page->lru);
			/* MIGRATE_MOVABLE list may include MIGRATE_RESERVEs */
			__free_one_page(page, zone, 0, page_private(page));
			trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page, 0, page_private(page));
		} while (--count && --batch_free && !list_empty(list));
	}
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone, struct page *page, int order,
				int migratetype)
{
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
	zone->pages_scanned = 0;

	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, 1 << order);
	__free_one_page(page, zone, order, migratetype);
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static bool free_pages_prepare(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;
	int bad = 0;

	trace_mm_page_free_direct(page, order);
	kmemcheck_free_shadow(page, order);

	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
		struct page *pg = page + i;

		if (PageAnon(pg))
			pg->mapping = NULL;
		bad += free_pages_check(pg);
	}
	if (bad)
		return false;

	if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
		debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),PAGE_SIZE<<order);
		debug_check_no_obj_freed(page_address(page),
					   PAGE_SIZE << order);
	}
	arch_free_page(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 0);

	return true;
}

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int wasMlocked = __TestClearPageMlocked(page);

	if (!free_pages_prepare(page, order))
		return;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (unlikely(wasMlocked))
		free_page_mlock(page);
	__count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
	free_one_page(page_zone(page), page, order,
					get_pageblock_migratetype(page));
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

/*
 * permit the bootmem allocator to evade page validation on high-order frees
 */
void __meminit __free_pages_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	if (order == 0) {
		__ClearPageReserved(page);
		set_page_count(page, 0);
		set_page_refcounted(page);
		__free_page(page);
	} else {
		int loop;

		prefetchw(page);
		for (loop = 0; loop < BITS_PER_LONG; loop++) {
			struct page *p = &page[loop];

			if (loop + 1 < BITS_PER_LONG)
				prefetchw(p + 1);
			__ClearPageReserved(p);
			set_page_count(p, 0);
		}

		set_page_refcounted(page);
		__free_pages(page, order);
	}
}


/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- wli
 */
static inline void expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
	int low, int high, struct free_area *area,
	int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long size = 1 << high;

	while (high > low) {
		area--;
		high--;
		size >>= 1;
		VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
		list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
		area->nr_free++;
		set_page_order(&page[size], high);
	}
}

/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */
static inline int check_new_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
		(page->mapping != NULL)  |
		(atomic_read(&page->_count) != 0)  |
		(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP))) {
		bad_page(page);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;
		if (unlikely(check_new_page(p)))
			return 1;
	}

	set_page_private(page, 0);
	set_page_refcounted(page);

	arch_alloc_page(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);

	if (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO)
		prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);

	if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
		prep_compound_page(page, order);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Go through the free lists for the given migratetype and remove
 * the smallest available page from the freelists
 */
static inline
struct page *__rmqueue_smallest(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
						int migratetype)
{
	unsigned int current_order;
	struct free_area * area;
	struct page *page;

	/* Find a page of the appropriate size in the preferred list */
	for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
		area = &(zone->free_area[current_order]);
		if (list_empty(&area->free_list[migratetype]))
			continue;

		page = list_entry(area->free_list[migratetype].next,
							struct page, lru);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);
		area->nr_free--;
		expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area, migratetype);
		return page;
	}

	return NULL;
}


/*
 * This array describes the order lists are fallen back to when
 * the free lists for the desirable migrate type are depleted
 */
static int fallbacks[MIGRATE_TYPES][MIGRATE_TYPES-1] = {
	[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE]   = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE,   MIGRATE_RESERVE },
	[MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE,   MIGRATE_MOVABLE,   MIGRATE_RESERVE },
	[MIGRATE_MOVABLE]     = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE, MIGRATE_RESERVE },
	[MIGRATE_RESERVE]     = { MIGRATE_RESERVE,     MIGRATE_RESERVE,   MIGRATE_RESERVE }, /* Never used */
};

/*
 * Move the free pages in a range to the free lists of the requested type.
 * Note that start_page and end_pages are not aligned on a pageblock
 * boundary. If alignment is required, use move_freepages_block()
 */
static int move_freepages(struct zone *zone,
			  struct page *start_page, struct page *end_page,
			  int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long order;
	int pages_moved = 0;

#ifndef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
	/*
	 * page_zone is not safe to call in this context when
	 * CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE is set. This bug check is probably redundant
	 * anyway as we check zone boundaries in move_freepages_block().
	 * Remove at a later date when no bug reports exist related to
	 * grouping pages by mobility
	 */
	BUG_ON(page_zone(start_page) != page_zone(end_page));
#endif

	for (page = start_page; page <= end_page;) {
		/* Make sure we are not inadvertently changing nodes */
		VM_BUG_ON(page_to_nid(page) != zone_to_nid(zone));

		if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page))) {
			page++;
			continue;
		}

		if (!PageBuddy(page)) {
			page++;
			continue;
		}

		order = page_order(page);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		list_add(&page->lru,
			&zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
		page += 1 << order;
		pages_moved += 1 << order;
	}

	return pages_moved;
}

static int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	struct page *start_page, *end_page;

	start_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	start_pfn = start_pfn & ~(pageblock_nr_pages-1);
	start_page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
	end_page = start_page + pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
	end_pfn = start_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages - 1;

	/* Do not cross zone boundaries */
	if (start_pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
		start_page = page;
	if (end_pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
		return 0;

	return move_freepages(zone, start_page, end_page, migratetype);
}

static void change_pageblock_range(struct page *pageblock_page,
					int start_order, int migratetype)
{
	int nr_pageblocks = 1 << (start_order - pageblock_order);

	while (nr_pageblocks--) {
		set_pageblock_migratetype(pageblock_page, migratetype);
		pageblock_page += pageblock_nr_pages;
	}
}

/* Remove an element from the buddy allocator from the fallback list */
static inline struct page *
__rmqueue_fallback(struct zone *zone, int order, int start_migratetype)
{
	struct free_area * area;
	int current_order;
	struct page *page;
	int migratetype, i;

	/* Find the largest possible block of pages in the other list */
	for (current_order = MAX_ORDER-1; current_order >= order;
						--current_order) {
		for (i = 0; i < MIGRATE_TYPES - 1; i++) {
			migratetype = fallbacks[start_migratetype][i];

			/* MIGRATE_RESERVE handled later if necessary */
			if (migratetype == MIGRATE_RESERVE)
				continue;

			area = &(zone->free_area[current_order]);
			if (list_empty(&area->free_list[migratetype]))
				continue;

			page = list_entry(area->free_list[migratetype].next,
					struct page, lru);
			area->nr_free--;

			/*
			 * If breaking a large block of pages, move all free
			 * pages to the preferred allocation list. If falling
			 * back for a reclaimable kernel allocation, be more
			 * agressive about taking ownership of free pages
			 */
			if (unlikely(current_order >= (pageblock_order >> 1)) ||
					start_migratetype == MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE ||
					page_group_by_mobility_disabled) {
				unsigned long pages;
				pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page,
								start_migratetype);

				/* Claim the whole block if over half of it is free */
				if (pages >= (1 << (pageblock_order-1)) ||
						page_group_by_mobility_disabled)
					set_pageblock_migratetype(page,
								start_migratetype);

				migratetype = start_migratetype;
			}

			/* Remove the page from the freelists */
			list_del(&page->lru);
			rmv_page_order(page);

			/* Take ownership for orders >= pageblock_order */
			if (current_order >= pageblock_order)
				change_pageblock_range(page, current_order,
							start_migratetype);

			expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area, migratetype);

			trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag(page, order, current_order,
				start_migratetype, migratetype);

			return page;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */
static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
						int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

retry_reserve:
	page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, migratetype);

	if (unlikely(!page) && migratetype != MIGRATE_RESERVE) {
		page = __rmqueue_fallback(zone, order, migratetype);

		/*
		 * Use MIGRATE_RESERVE rather than fail an allocation. goto
		 * is used because __rmqueue_smallest is an inline function
		 * and we want just one call site
		 */
		if (!page) {
			migratetype = MIGRATE_RESERVE;
			goto retry_reserve;
		}
	}

	trace_mm_page_alloc_zone_locked(page, order, migratetype);
	return page;
}

/* 
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */
static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, 
			unsigned long count, struct list_head *list,
			int migratetype, int cold)
{
	int i;
	
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		struct page *page = __rmqueue(zone, order, migratetype);
		if (unlikely(page == NULL))
			break;

		/*
		 * Split buddy pages returned by expand() are received here
		 * in physical page order. The page is added to the callers and
		 * list and the list head then moves forward. From the callers
		 * perspective, the linked list is ordered by page number in
		 * some conditions. This is useful for IO devices that can
		 * merge IO requests if the physical pages are ordered
		 * properly.
		 */
		if (likely(cold == 0))
			list_add(&page->lru, list);
		else
			list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
		set_page_private(page, migratetype);
		list = &page->lru;
	}
	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(i << order));
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
	return i;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Called from the vmstat counter updater to drain pagesets of this
 * currently executing processor on remote nodes after they have
 * expired.
 *
 * Note that this function must be called with the thread pinned to
 * a single processor.
 */
void drain_zone_pages(struct zone *zone, struct per_cpu_pages *pcp)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int to_drain;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (pcp->count >= pcp->batch)
		to_drain = pcp->batch;
	else
		to_drain = pcp->count;
	free_pcppages_bulk(zone, to_drain, pcp);
	pcp->count -= to_drain;
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
#endif

/*
 * Drain pages of the indicated processor.
 *
 * The processor must either be the current processor and the
 * thread pinned to the current processor or a processor that
 * is not online.
 */
static void drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;
		struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

		local_irq_save(flags);
		pset = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);

		pcp = &pset->pcp;
		free_pcppages_bulk(zone, pcp->count, pcp);
		pcp->count = 0;
		local_irq_restore(flags);
	}
}

/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 */
void drain_local_pages(void *arg)
{
	drain_pages(smp_processor_id());
}

/*
 * Spill all the per-cpu pages from all CPUs back into the buddy allocator
 */
void drain_all_pages(void)
{
	on_each_cpu(drain_local_pages, NULL, 1);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION

void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long pfn, max_zone_pfn;
	unsigned long flags;
	int order, t;
	struct list_head *curr;

	if (!zone->spanned_pages)
		return;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

	max_zone_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
	for (pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; pfn < max_zone_pfn; pfn++)
		if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
			struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

			if (!swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page))
				swsusp_unset_page_free(page);
		}

	for_each_migratetype_order(order, t) {
		list_for_each(curr, &zone->free_area[order].free_list[t]) {
			unsigned long i;

			pfn = page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr, struct page, lru));
			for (i = 0; i < (1UL << order); i++)
				swsusp_set_page_free(pfn_to_page(pfn + i));
		}
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 * cold == 1 ? free a cold page : free a hot page
 */
void free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	unsigned long flags;
	int migratetype;
	int wasMlocked = __TestClearPageMlocked(page);

	if (!free_pages_prepare(page, 0))
		return;

	migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
	set_page_private(page, migratetype);
	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (unlikely(wasMlocked))
		free_page_mlock(page);
	__count_vm_event(PGFREE);

	/*
	 * We only track unmovable, reclaimable and movable on pcp lists.
	 * Free ISOLATE pages back to the allocator because they are being
	 * offlined but treat RESERVE as movable pages so we can get those
	 * areas back if necessary. Otherwise, we may have to free
	 * excessively into the page allocator
	 */
	if (migratetype >= MIGRATE_PCPTYPES) {
		if (unlikely(migratetype == MIGRATE_ISOLATE)) {
			free_one_page(zone, page, 0, migratetype);
			goto out;
		}
		migratetype = MIGRATE_MOVABLE;
	}

	pcp = &this_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset)->pcp;
	if (cold)
		list_add_tail(&page->lru, &pcp->lists[migratetype]);
	else
		list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->lists[migratetype]);
	pcp->count++;
	if (pcp->count >= pcp->high) {
		free_pcppages_bulk(zone, pcp->batch, pcp);
		pcp->count -= pcp->batch;
	}

out:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

/*
 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */
void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;

	VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
	VM_BUG_ON(!page_count(page));

#ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
	/*
	 * Split shadow pages too, because free(page[0]) would
	 * otherwise free the whole shadow.
	 */
	if (kmemcheck_page_is_tracked(page))
		split_page(virt_to_page(page[0].shadow), order);
#endif

	for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
		set_page_refcounted(page + i);
}

/*
 * Similar to split_page except the page is already free. As this is only
 * being used for migration, the migratetype of the block also changes.
 * As this is called with interrupts disabled, the caller is responsible
 * for calling arch_alloc_page() and kernel_map_page() after interrupts
 * are enabled.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */
int split_free_page(struct page *page)
{
	unsigned int order;
	unsigned long watermark;
	struct zone *zone;

	BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page));

	zone = page_zone(page);
	order = page_order(page);

	/* Obey watermarks as if the page was being allocated */
	watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (1 << order);
	if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, 0))
		return 0;

	/* Remove page from free list */
	list_del(&page->lru);
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
	rmv_page_order(page);
	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(1UL << order));

	/* Split into individual pages */
	set_page_refcounted(page);
	split_page(page, order);

	if (order >= pageblock_order - 1) {
		struct page *endpage = page + (1 << order) - 1;
		for (; page < endpage; page += pageblock_nr_pages)
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
	}

	return 1 << order;
}

/*
 * Really, prep_compound_page() should be called from __rmqueue_bulk().  But
 * we cheat by calling it from here, in the order > 0 path.  Saves a branch
 * or two.
 */
static inline
struct page *buffered_rmqueue(struct zone *preferred_zone,
			struct zone *zone, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags,
			int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct page *page;
	int cold = !!(gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD);

again:
	if (likely(order == 0)) {
		struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
		struct list_head *list;

		local_irq_save(flags);
		pcp = &this_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset)->pcp;
		list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
		if (list_empty(list)) {
			pcp->count += rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
					pcp->batch, list,
					migratetype, cold);
			if (unlikely(list_empty(list)))
				goto failed;
		}

		if (cold)
			page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
		else
			page = list_entry(list->next, struct page, lru);

		list_del(&page->lru);
		pcp->count--;
	} else {
		if (unlikely(gfp_flags & __GFP_NOFAIL)) {
			/*
			 * __GFP_NOFAIL is not to be used in new code.
			 *
			 * All __GFP_NOFAIL callers should be fixed so that they
			 * properly detect and handle allocation failures.
			 *
			 * We most definitely don't want callers attempting to
			 * allocate greater than order-1 page units with
			 * __GFP_NOFAIL.
			 */
			WARN_ON_ONCE(order > 1);
		}
		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		page = __rmqueue(zone, order, migratetype);
		spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
		if (!page)
			goto failed;
		__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(1 << order));
	}

	__count_zone_vm_events(PGALLOC, zone, 1 << order);
	zone_statistics(preferred_zone, zone);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

	VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));
	if (prep_new_page(page, order, gfp_flags))
		goto again;
	return page;

failed:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	return NULL;
}

/* The ALLOC_WMARK bits are used as an index to zone->watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_MIN		WMARK_MIN
#define ALLOC_WMARK_LOW		WMARK_LOW
#define ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH	WMARK_HIGH
#define ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS	0x04 /* don't check watermarks at all */

/* Mask to get the watermark bits */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_MASK	(ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS-1)

#define ALLOC_HARDER		0x10 /* try to alloc harder */
#define ALLOC_HIGH		0x20 /* __GFP_HIGH set */
#define ALLOC_CPUSET		0x40 /* check for correct cpuset */

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC

static struct fail_page_alloc_attr {
	struct fault_attr attr;

	u32 ignore_gfp_highmem;
	u32 ignore_gfp_wait;
	u32 min_order;

#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS

	struct dentry *ignore_gfp_highmem_file;
	struct dentry *ignore_gfp_wait_file;
	struct dentry *min_order_file;

#endif /* CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS */

} fail_page_alloc = {
	.attr = FAULT_ATTR_INITIALIZER,
	.ignore_gfp_wait = 1,
	.ignore_gfp_highmem = 1,
	.min_order = 1,
};

static int __init setup_fail_page_alloc(char *str)
{
	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_page_alloc.attr, str);
}
__setup("fail_page_alloc=", setup_fail_page_alloc);

static int should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	if (order < fail_page_alloc.min_order)
		return 0;
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
		return 0;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem && (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM))
		return 0;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait && (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
		return 0;

	return should_fail(&fail_page_alloc.attr, 1 << order);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS

static int __init fail_page_alloc_debugfs(void)
{
	mode_t mode = S_IFREG | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
	struct dentry *dir;
	int err;

	err = init_fault_attr_dentries(&fail_page_alloc.attr,
				       "fail_page_alloc");
	if (err)
		return err;
	dir = fail_page_alloc.attr.dentries.dir;

	fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file =
		debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-wait", mode, dir,
				      &fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait);

	fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file =
		debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-highmem", mode, dir,
				      &fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem);
	fail_page_alloc.min_order_file =
		debugfs_create_u32("min-order", mode, dir,
				   &fail_page_alloc.min_order);

	if (!fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file ||
            !fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file ||
            !fail_page_alloc.min_order_file) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		debugfs_remove(fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_wait_file);
		debugfs_remove(fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem_file);
		debugfs_remove(fail_page_alloc.min_order_file);
		cleanup_fault_attr_dentries(&fail_page_alloc.attr);
	}

	return err;
}

late_initcall(fail_page_alloc_debugfs);

#endif /* CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS */

#else /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */

static inline int should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	return 0;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */

/*
 * Return 1 if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
 * of the allocation.
 */
int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
		      int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags)
{
	/* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
	long min = mark;
	long free_pages = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES) - (1 << order) + 1;
	int o;

	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGH)
		min -= min / 2;
	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER)
		min -= min / 4;

	if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
		return 0;
	for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
		/* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
		free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;

		/* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
		min >>= 1;

		if (free_pages <= min)
			return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * zlc_setup - Setup for "zonelist cache".  Uses cached zone data to
 * skip over zones that are not allowed by the cpuset, or that have
 * been recently (in last second) found to be nearly full.  See further
 * comments in mmzone.h.  Reduces cache footprint of zonelist scans
 * that have to skip over a lot of full or unallowed zones.
 *
 * If the zonelist cache is present in the passed in zonelist, then
 * returns a pointer to the allowed node mask (either the current
 * tasks mems_allowed, or node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY].)
 *
 * If the zonelist cache is not available for this zonelist, does
 * nothing and returns NULL.
 *
 * If the fullzones BITMAP in the zonelist cache is stale (more than
 * a second since last zap'd) then we zap it out (clear its bits.)
 *
 * We hold off even calling zlc_setup, until after we've checked the
 * first zone in the zonelist, on the theory that most allocations will
 * be satisfied from that first zone, so best to examine that zone as
 * quickly as we can.
 */
static nodemask_t *zlc_setup(struct zonelist *zonelist, int alloc_flags)
{
	struct zonelist_cache *zlc;	/* cached zonelist speedup info */
	nodemask_t *allowednodes;	/* zonelist_cache approximation */

	zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
	if (!zlc)
		return NULL;

	if (time_after(jiffies, zlc->last_full_zap + HZ)) {
		bitmap_zero(zlc->fullzones, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST);
		zlc->last_full_zap = jiffies;
	}

	allowednodes = !in_interrupt() && (alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) ?
					&cpuset_current_mems_allowed :
					&node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY];
	return allowednodes;
}

/*
 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, run a couple of quick checks to see
 * if it is worth looking at further for free memory:
 *  1) Check that the zone isn't thought to be full (doesn't have its
 *     bit set in the zonelist_cache fullzones BITMAP).
 *  2) Check that the zones node (obtained from the zonelist_cache
 *     z_to_n[] mapping) is allowed in the passed in allowednodes mask.
 * Return true (non-zero) if zone is worth looking at further, or
 * else return false (zero) if it is not.
 *
 * This check -ignores- the distinction between various watermarks,
 * such as GFP_HIGH, GFP_ATOMIC, PF_MEMALLOC, ...  If a zone is
 * found to be full for any variation of these watermarks, it will
 * be considered full for up to one second by all requests, unless
 * we are so low on memory on all allowed nodes that we are forced
 * into the second scan of the zonelist.
 *
 * In the second scan we ignore this zonelist cache and exactly
 * apply the watermarks to all zones, even it is slower to do so.
 * We are low on memory in the second scan, and should leave no stone
 * unturned looking for a free page.
 */
static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zoneref *z,
						nodemask_t *allowednodes)
{
	struct zonelist_cache *zlc;	/* cached zonelist speedup info */
	int i;				/* index of *z in zonelist zones */
	int n;				/* node that zone *z is on */

	zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
	if (!zlc)
		return 1;

	i = z - zonelist->_zonerefs;
	n = zlc->z_to_n[i];

	/* This zone is worth trying if it is allowed but not full */
	return node_isset(n, *allowednodes) && !test_bit(i, zlc->fullzones);
}

/*
 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, set the corresponding bit in
 * zlc->fullzones, so that subsequent attempts to allocate a page
 * from that zone don't waste time re-examining it.
 */
static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zoneref *z)
{
	struct zonelist_cache *zlc;	/* cached zonelist speedup info */
	int i;				/* index of *z in zonelist zones */

	zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
	if (!zlc)
		return;

	i = z - zonelist->_zonerefs;

	set_bit(i, zlc->fullzones);
}

#else	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

static nodemask_t *zlc_setup(struct zonelist *zonelist, int alloc_flags)
{
	return NULL;
}

static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zoneref *z,
				nodemask_t *allowednodes)
{
	return 1;
}

static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zoneref *z)
{
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

/*
 * get_page_from_freelist goes through the zonelist trying to allocate
 * a page.
 */
static struct page *
get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask, unsigned int order,
		struct zonelist *zonelist, int high_zoneidx, int alloc_flags,
		struct zone *preferred_zone, int migratetype)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int classzone_idx;
	struct zone *zone;
	nodemask_t *allowednodes = NULL;/* zonelist_cache approximation */
	int zlc_active = 0;		/* set if using zonelist_cache */
	int did_zlc_setup = 0;		/* just call zlc_setup() one time */

	classzone_idx = zone_idx(preferred_zone);
zonelist_scan:
	/*
	 * Scan zonelist, looking for a zone with enough free.
	 * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
	 */
	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist,
						high_zoneidx, nodemask) {
		if (NUMA_BUILD && zlc_active &&
			!zlc_zone_worth_trying(zonelist, z, allowednodes))
				continue;
		if ((alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) &&
			!cpuset_zone_allowed_softwall(zone, gfp_mask))
				goto try_next_zone;

		BUILD_BUG_ON(ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS < NR_WMARK);
		if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS)) {
			unsigned long mark;
			int ret;

			mark = zone->watermark[alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_MASK];
			if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, mark,
				    classzone_idx, alloc_flags))
				goto try_this_zone;

			if (zone_reclaim_mode == 0)
				goto this_zone_full;

			ret = zone_reclaim(zone, gfp_mask, order);
			switch (ret) {
			case ZONE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN:
				/* did not scan */
				goto try_next_zone;
			case ZONE_RECLAIM_FULL:
				/* scanned but unreclaimable */
				goto this_zone_full;
			default:
				/* did we reclaim enough */
				if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, mark,
						classzone_idx, alloc_flags))
					goto this_zone_full;
			}
		}

try_this_zone:
		page = buffered_rmqueue(preferred_zone, zone, order,
						gfp_mask, migratetype);
		if (page)
			break;
this_zone_full:
		if (NUMA_BUILD)
			zlc_mark_zone_full(zonelist, z);
try_next_zone:
		if (NUMA_BUILD && !did_zlc_setup && nr_online_nodes > 1) {
			/*
			 * we do zlc_setup after the first zone is tried but only
			 * if there are multiple nodes make it worthwhile
			 */
			allowednodes = zlc_setup(zonelist, alloc_flags);
			zlc_active = 1;
			did_zlc_setup = 1;
		}
	}

	if (unlikely(NUMA_BUILD && page == NULL && zlc_active)) {
		/* Disable zlc cache for second zonelist scan */
		zlc_active = 0;
		goto zonelist_scan;
	}
	return page;
}

static inline int
should_alloc_retry(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
				unsigned long pages_reclaimed)
{
	/* Do not loop if specifically requested */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * In this implementation, order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER
	 * means __GFP_NOFAIL, but that may not be true in other
	 * implementations.
	 */
	if (order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		return 1;

	/*
	 * For order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER, if __GFP_REPEAT is
	 * specified, then we retry until we no longer reclaim any pages
	 * (above), or we've reclaimed an order of pages at least as
	 * large as the allocation's order. In both cases, if the
	 * allocation still fails, we stop retrying.
	 */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT && pages_reclaimed < (1 << order))
		return 1;

	/*
	 * Don't let big-order allocations loop unless the caller
	 * explicitly requests that.
	 */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

	/* Acquire the OOM killer lock for the zones in zonelist */
	if (!try_set_zonelist_oom(zonelist, gfp_mask)) {
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep very high watermark
	 * here, this is only to catch a parallel oom killing, we must fail if
	 * we're still under heavy pressure.
	 */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, nodemask,
		order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
		ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH|ALLOC_CPUSET,
		preferred_zone, migratetype);
	if (page)
		goto out;

	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)) {
		/* The OOM killer will not help higher order allocs */
		if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
			goto out;
		/* The OOM killer does not needlessly kill tasks for lowmem */
		if (high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL)
			goto out;
		/*
		 * GFP_THISNODE contains __GFP_NORETRY and we never hit this.
		 * Sanity check for bare calls of __GFP_THISNODE, not real OOM.
		 * The caller should handle page allocation failure by itself if
		 * it specifies __GFP_THISNODE.
		 * Note: Hugepage uses it but will hit PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER.
		 */
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_THISNODE)
			goto out;
	}
	/* Exhausted what can be done so it's blamo time */
	out_of_memory(zonelist, gfp_mask, order, nodemask);

out:
	clear_zonelist_oom(zonelist, gfp_mask);
	return page;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/* Try memory compaction for high-order allocations before reclaim */
static struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	struct page *page;

	if (!order || compaction_deferred(preferred_zone))
		return NULL;

	*did_some_progress = try_to_compact_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask,
								nodemask);
	if (*did_some_progress != COMPACT_SKIPPED) {

		/* Page migration frees to the PCP lists but we want merging */
		drain_pages(get_cpu());
		put_cpu();

		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask,
				order, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
				alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
				migratetype);
		if (page) {
			preferred_zone->compact_considered = 0;
			preferred_zone->compact_defer_shift = 0;
			count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS);
			return page;
		}

		/*
		 * It's bad if compaction run occurs and fails.
		 * The most likely reason is that pages exist,
		 * but not enough to satisfy watermarks.
		 */
		count_vm_event(COMPACTFAIL);
		defer_compaction(preferred_zone);

		cond_resched();
	}

	return NULL;
}
#else
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */

/* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, int alloc_flags, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
	struct task_struct *p = current;

	cond_resched();

	/* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
	cpuset_memory_pressure_bump();
	p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_mask);
	reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
	p->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

	*did_some_progress = try_to_free_pages(zonelist, order, gfp_mask, nodemask);

	p->reclaim_state = NULL;
	lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state();
	p->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	cond_resched();

	if (order != 0)
		drain_all_pages();

	if (likely(*did_some_progress))
		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order,
					zonelist, high_zoneidx,
					alloc_flags, preferred_zone,
					migratetype);
	return page;
}

/*
 * This is called in the allocator slow-path if the allocation request is of
 * sufficient urgency to ignore watermarks and take other desperate measures
 */
static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

	do {
		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order,
			zonelist, high_zoneidx, ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
			preferred_zone, migratetype);

		if (!page && gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
			congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/50);
	} while (!page && (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL));

	return page;
}

static inline
void wake_all_kswapd(unsigned int order, struct zonelist *zonelist,
						enum zone_type high_zoneidx)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx)
		wakeup_kswapd(zone, order);
}

static inline int
gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct task_struct *p = current;
	int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_MIN | ALLOC_CPUSET;
	const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;

	/* __GFP_HIGH is assumed to be the same as ALLOC_HIGH to save a branch. */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(__GFP_HIGH != ALLOC_HIGH);

	/*
	 * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
	 * cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
	 * policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory.  GFP_ATOMIC requests will
	 * set both ALLOC_HARDER (!wait) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
	 */
	alloc_flags |= (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH);

	if (!wait) {
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
		/*
		 * Ignore cpuset if GFP_ATOMIC (!wait) rather than fail alloc.
		 * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
		 */
		alloc_flags &= ~ALLOC_CPUSET;
	} else if (unlikely(rt_task(p)) && !in_interrupt())
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;

	if (likely(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))) {
		if (!in_interrupt() &&
		    ((p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) ||
		     unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))))
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
	}

	return alloc_flags;
}

static inline struct page *
__alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	struct zonelist *zonelist, enum zone_type high_zoneidx,
	nodemask_t *nodemask, struct zone *preferred_zone,
	int migratetype)
{
	const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int alloc_flags;
	unsigned long pages_reclaimed = 0;
	unsigned long did_some_progress;
	struct task_struct *p = current;

	/*
	 * In the slowpath, we sanity check order to avoid ever trying to
	 * reclaim >= MAX_ORDER areas which will never succeed. Callers may
	 * be using allocators in order of preference for an area that is
	 * too large.
	 */
	if (order >= MAX_ORDER) {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * GFP_THISNODE (meaning __GFP_THISNODE, __GFP_NORETRY and
	 * __GFP_NOWARN set) should not cause reclaim since the subsystem
	 * (f.e. slab) using GFP_THISNODE may choose to trigger reclaim
	 * using a larger set of nodes after it has established that the
	 * allowed per node queues are empty and that nodes are
	 * over allocated.
	 */
	if (NUMA_BUILD && (gfp_mask & GFP_THISNODE) == GFP_THISNODE)
		goto nopage;

restart:
	wake_all_kswapd(order, zonelist, high_zoneidx);

	/*
	 * OK, we're below the kswapd watermark and have kicked background
	 * reclaim. Now things get more complex, so set up alloc_flags according
	 * to how we want to proceed.
	 */
	alloc_flags = gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask);

	/* This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage. */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, nodemask, order, zonelist,
			high_zoneidx, alloc_flags & ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS,
			preferred_zone, migratetype);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

rebalance:
	/* Allocate without watermarks if the context allows */
	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS) {
		page = __alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_mask, order,
				zonelist, high_zoneidx, nodemask,
				preferred_zone, migratetype);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;
	}

	/* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
	if (!wait)
		goto nopage;

	/* Avoid recursion of direct reclaim */
	if (p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)
		goto nopage;

	/* Avoid allocations with no watermarks from looping endlessly */