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* Christoph has movedChristoph Lameter2008-07-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove all clameter@sgi.com addresses from the kernel tree since they will become invalid on June 27th. Change my maintainer email address for the slab allocators to cl@linux-foundation.org (which will be the new email address for the future). Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-07-04
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6 * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6: slub: Do not use 192 byte sized cache if minimum alignment is 128 byte
| * slub: Do not use 192 byte sized cache if minimum alignment is 128 byteChristoph Lameter2008-07-03
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The 192 byte cache is not necessary if we have a basic alignment of 128 byte. If it would be used then the 192 would be aligned to the next 128 byte boundary which would result in another 256 byte cache. Two 256 kmalloc caches cause sysfs to complain about a duplicate entry. MIPS needs 128 byte aligned kmalloc caches and spits out warnings on boot without this patch. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* | Do not overwrite nr_zones on !NUMA when initialising zlcache_ptrMel Gorman2008-07-03
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The non-NUMA case of build_zonelist_cache() would initialize the zlcache_ptr for both node_zonelists[] to NULL. Which is problematic, since non-NUMA only has a single node_zonelists[] entry, and trying to zero the non-existent second one just overwrote the nr_zones field instead. As kswapd uses this value to determine what reclaim work is necessary, the result is that kswapd never reclaims. This causes processes to stall frequently in low-memory situations as they always direct reclaim. This patch initialises zlcache_ptr correctly. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Tested-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> [ Simplified patch a bit ] Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: fix race in COW logicNick Piggin2008-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a race in the COW logic. It contains a shortcut to avoid the COW and reuse the page if we have the sole reference on the page, however it is possible to have two racing do_wp_page()ers with one causing the other to mistakenly believe it is safe to take the shortcut when it is not. This could lead to data corruption. Process 1 and process2 each have a wp pte of the same anon page (ie. one forked the other). The page's mapcount is 2. Then they both attempt to write to it around the same time... proc1 proc2 thr1 proc2 thr2 CPU0 CPU1 CPU3 do_wp_page() do_wp_page() trylock_page() can_share_swap_page() load page mapcount (==2) reuse = 0 pte unlock copy page to new_page pte lock page_remove_rmap(page); trylock_page() can_share_swap_page() load page mapcount (==1) reuse = 1 ptep_set_access_flags (allow W) write private key into page read from page ptep_clear_flush() set_pte_at(pte of new_page) Fix this by moving the page_remove_rmap of the old page after the pte clear and flush. Potentially the entire branch could be moved down here, but in order to stay consistent, I won't (should probably move all the *_mm_counter stuff with one patch). Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | Fix ZERO_PAGE breakage with vmwareLinus Torvalds2008-06-23
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 89f5b7da2a6bad2e84670422ab8192382a5aeb9f ("Reinstate ZERO_PAGE optimization in 'get_user_pages()' and fix XIP") broke vmware, as reported by Jeff Chua: "This broke vmware 6.0.4. Jun 22 14:53:03.845: vmx| NOT_IMPLEMENTED /build/mts/release/bora-93057/bora/vmx/main/vmmonPosix.c:774" and the reason seems to be that there's an old bug in how we handle do FOLL_ANON on VM_SHARED areas in get_user_pages(), but since it only triggered if the whole page table was missing, nobody had apparently hit it before. The recent changes to 'follow_page()' made the FOLL_ANON logic trigger not just for whole missing page tables, but for individual pages as well, and exposed this problem. This fixes it by making the test for when FOLL_ANON is used more careful, and also makes the code easier to read and understand by moving the logic to a separate inline function. Reported-and-tested-by: Jeff Chua <jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Slab: Fix memory leak in fallback_alloc()Christoph Lameter2008-06-21
| | | | | | | | | | | The zonelist patches caused the loop that checks for available objects in permitted zones to not terminate immediately. One object per zone per allocation may be allocated and then abandoned. Break the loop when we have successfully allocated one object. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Add return value to reserve_bootmem_node()Bernhard Walle2008-06-21
| | | | | | | | | | | | This patch changes the function reserve_bootmem_node() from void to int, returning -ENOMEM if the allocation fails. This fixes a build problem on x86 with CONFIG_KEXEC=y and CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES=y Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de> Reported-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Reinstate ZERO_PAGE optimization in 'get_user_pages()' and fix XIPLinus Torvalds2008-06-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki and Oleg Nesterov point out that since the commit 557ed1fa2620dc119adb86b34c614e152a629a80 ("remove ZERO_PAGE") removed the ZERO_PAGE from the VM mappings, any users of get_user_pages() will generally now populate the VM with real empty pages needlessly. We used to get the ZERO_PAGE when we did the "handle_mm_fault()", but since fault handling no longer uses ZERO_PAGE for new anonymous pages, we now need to handle that special case in follow_page() instead. In particular, the removal of ZERO_PAGE effectively removed the core file writing optimization where we would skip writing pages that had not been populated at all, and increased memory pressure a lot by allocating all those useless newly zeroed pages. This reinstates the optimization by making the unmapped PTE case the same as for a non-existent page table, which already did this correctly. While at it, this also fixes the XIP case for follow_page(), where the caller could not differentiate between the case of a page that simply could not be used (because it had no "struct page" associated with it) and a page that just wasn't mapped. We do that by simply returning an error pointer for pages that could not be turned into a "struct page *". The error is arbitrarily picked to be EFAULT, since that was what get_user_pages() already used for the equivalent IO-mapped page case. [ Also removed an impossible test for pte_offset_map_lock() failing: that's not how that function works ] Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* pagemap: pass mm into pagewalkersDave Hansen2008-06-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | We need this at least for huge page detection for now, because powerpc needs the vm_area_struct to be able to determine whether a virtual address is referring to a huge page (its pmd_huge() doesn't work). It might also come in handy for some of the other users. Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: fix incorrect variable type in do_try_to_free_pages()kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com2008-06-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | "Smarter retry of costly-order allocations" patch series change behaver of do_try_to_free_pages(). But unfortunately ret variable type was unchanged. Thus an overflow is possible. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* nommu: Correct kobjsize() page validity checks.Paul Mundt2008-06-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This implements a few changes on top of the recent kobjsize() refactoring introduced by commit 6cfd53fc03670c7a544a56d441eb1a6cc800d72b. As Christoph points out: virt_to_head_page cannot return NULL. virt_to_page also does not return NULL. pfn_valid() needs to be used to figure out if a page is valid. Otherwise the page struct reference that was returned may have PageReserved() set to indicate that it is not a valid page. As discussed further in the thread, virt_addr_valid() is the preferable way to validate the object pointer in this case. In addition to fixing up the reserved page case, it also has the benefit of encapsulating the hack introduced by commit 4016a1390d07f15b267eecb20e76a48fd5c524ef on the impacted platforms, allowing us to get rid of the extra checking in kobjsize() for the platforms that don't perform this type of bizarre memory_end abuse (every nommu platform that isn't blackfin). If blackfin decides to get in line with every other platform and use PageReserved for the DMA pages in question, kobjsize() will also continue to work fine. It also turns out that compound_order() will give us back 0-order for non-head pages, so we can get rid of the PageCompound check and just use compound_order() directly. Clean that up while we're at it. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: Minor clean-up of page flags in mm/page_alloc.cRuss Anderson2008-06-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Minor source code cleanup of page flags in mm/page_alloc.c. Move the definition of the groups of bits to page-flags.h. The purpose of this clean up is that the next patch will conditionally add a page flag to the groups. Doing that in a header file is cleaner than adding #ifdefs to the C code. Signed-off-by: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* nommu: fix kobjsize() for SLOB and SLUBPaul Mundt2008-06-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kobjsize() has been abusing page->index as a method for sorting out compound order, which blows up both for page cache pages, and SLOB's reuse of the index in struct slob_page. Presently we are not able to accurately size arbitrary pointers that don't come from kmalloc(), so the best we can do is sort out the compound order from the head page if it's a compound page, or default to 0-order if it's impossible to ksize() the object. Obviously this leaves quite a bit to be desired in terms of object sizing accuracy, but the behaviour is unchanged over the existing implementation, while fixing the page->index oopses originally reported here: http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=121127773325245&w=2 Accuracy could also be improved by having SLUB and SLOB both set PG_slab on ksizeable pages, rather than just handling the __GFP_COMP cases irregardless of the PG_slab setting, as made possibly with Pekka's patches: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=121139439900534&w=2 http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=121139440000537&w=2 http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=121139440000540&w=2 This is primarily a bugfix for nommu systems for 2.6.26, with the aim being to gradually kill off kobjsize() and its particular brand of object abuse entirely. Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* brk: make sys_brk() honor COMPAT_BRK when computing lower boundJiri Kosina2008-06-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix a regression introduced by commit 4cc6028d4040f95cdb590a87db478b42b8be0508 Author: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz> Date: Wed Feb 6 22:39:44 2008 +0100 brk: check the lower bound properly The check in sys_brk() on minimum value the brk might have must take CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK setting into account. When this option is turned on (i.e. we support ancient legacy binaries, e.g. libc5-linked stuff), the lower bound on brk value is mm->end_code, otherwise the brk start is allowed to be arbitrarily shifted. Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz> Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* hugetlb: fix lockdep errorNick Piggin2008-06-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ============================================= [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ] 2.6.26-rc4 #30 --------------------------------------------- heap-overflow/2250 is trying to acquire lock: (&mm->page_table_lock){--..}, at: [<c0000000000cf2e8>] .copy_hugetlb_page_range+0x108/0x280 but task is already holding lock: (&mm->page_table_lock){--..}, at: [<c0000000000cf2dc>] .copy_hugetlb_page_range+0xfc/0x280 other info that might help us debug this: 3 locks held by heap-overflow/2250: #0: (&mm->mmap_sem){----}, at: [<c000000000050e44>] .dup_mm+0x134/0x410 #1: (&mm->mmap_sem/1){--..}, at: [<c000000000050e54>] .dup_mm+0x144/0x410 #2: (&mm->page_table_lock){--..}, at: [<c0000000000cf2dc>] .copy_hugetlb_page_range+0xfc/0x280 stack backtrace: Call Trace: [c00000003b2774e0] [c000000000010ce4] .show_stack+0x74/0x1f0 (unreliable) [c00000003b2775a0] [c0000000003f10e0] .dump_stack+0x20/0x34 [c00000003b277620] [c0000000000889bc] .__lock_acquire+0xaac/0x1080 [c00000003b277740] [c000000000089000] .lock_acquire+0x70/0xb0 [c00000003b2777d0] [c0000000003ee15c] ._spin_lock+0x4c/0x80 [c00000003b277870] [c0000000000cf2e8] .copy_hugetlb_page_range+0x108/0x280 [c00000003b277950] [c0000000000bcaa8] .copy_page_range+0x558/0x790 [c00000003b277ac0] [c000000000050fe0] .dup_mm+0x2d0/0x410 [c00000003b277ba0] [c000000000051d24] .copy_process+0xb94/0x1020 [c00000003b277ca0] [c000000000052244] .do_fork+0x94/0x310 [c00000003b277db0] [c000000000011240] .sys_clone+0x60/0x80 [c00000003b277e30] [c0000000000078c4] .ppc_clone+0x8/0xc Fix is the same way that mm/memory.c copy_page_range does the lockdep annotation. Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2008-05-26
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6 * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6: slub: ksize() abuse checks slob: Fix to return wrong pointer
| * slub: ksize() abuse checksPekka Enberg2008-05-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a WARN_ON for pages that don't have PageSlab nor PageCompound set to catch the worst abusers of ksize() in the kernel. Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
| * slob: Fix to return wrong pointerMinChan Kim2008-05-19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Although slob_alloc return NULL, __kmalloc_node returns NULL + align. Because align always can be changed, it is very hard for debugging problem of no page if it don't return NULL. We have to return NULL in case of no page. [penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: fix formatting as suggested by Matt.] Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* | memory hotplug: fix early allocation handlingHeiko Carstens2008-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trying to add memory via add_memory() from within an initcall function results in bootmem alloc of 163840 bytes failed! Kernel panic - not syncing: Out of memory This is caused by zone_wait_table_init() which uses system_state to decide if it should use the bootmem allocator or not. When initcalls are handled the system_state is still SYSTEM_BOOTING but the bootmem allocator doesn't work anymore. So the allocation will fail. To fix this use slab_is_available() instead as indicator like we do it everywhere else. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fix] Reviewed-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | zonelists: handle a node zonelist with no applicable entriesAndy Whitcroft2008-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When booting 2.6.26-rc3 on a multi-node x86_32 numa system we are seeing panics when trying node local allocations: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000034c IP: [<c1042507>] get_page_from_freelist+0x4a/0x18e *pdpt = 00000000013a7001 *pde = 0000000000000000 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP Modules linked in: Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted (2.6.26-rc3-00003-g5abc28d #82) EIP: 0060:[<c1042507>] EFLAGS: 00010282 CPU: 0 EIP is at get_page_from_freelist+0x4a/0x18e EAX: c1371ed8 EBX: 00000000 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000000 ESI: f7801180 EDI: 00000000 EBP: 00000000 ESP: c1371ec0 DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068 Process swapper (pid: 0, ti=c1370000 task=c12f5b40 task.ti=c1370000) Stack: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 000612d0 000412d0 00000000 000412d0 f7801180 f7c0101c f7c01018 c10426e4 f7c01018 00000001 00000044 00000000 00000001 c12f5b40 00000001 00000010 00000000 000412d0 00000286 000412d0 Call Trace: [<c10426e4>] __alloc_pages_internal+0x99/0x378 [<c10429ca>] __alloc_pages+0x7/0x9 [<c105e0e8>] kmem_getpages+0x66/0xef [<c105ec55>] cache_grow+0x8f/0x123 [<c105f117>] ____cache_alloc_node+0xb9/0xe4 [<c105f427>] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x92/0xd2 [<c122118c>] setup_cpu_cache+0xaf/0x177 [<c105e6ca>] kmem_cache_create+0x2c8/0x353 [<c13853af>] kmem_cache_init+0x1ce/0x3ad [<c13755c5>] start_kernel+0x178/0x1ee This occurs when we are scanning the zonelists looking for a ZONE_NORMAL page. In this system there is only ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL memory on node 0, all other nodes are mapped above 4GB physical. Here is a dump of the zonelists from this system: zonelists pgdat=c1400000 0: c14006c0:2 f7c006c0:2 f7e006c0:2 c1400360:1 c1400000:0 1: c14006c0:2 c1400360:1 c1400000:0 zonelists pgdat=f7c00000 0: f7c006c0:2 f7e006c0:2 c14006c0:2 c1400360:1 c1400000:0 1: f7c006c0:2 zonelists pgdat=f7e00000 0: f7e006c0:2 c14006c0:2 f7c006c0:2 c1400360:1 c1400000:0 1: f7e006c0:2 When performing a node local allocation we call get_page_from_freelist() looking for a page. It in turn calls first_zones_zonelist() which returns a preferred_zone. Where there are no applicable zones this will be NULL. However we use this unconditionally, leading to this panic. Where there are no applicable zones there is no possibility of a successful allocation, so simply fail the allocation. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: fix atomic_t overflow in vmAlan Cox2008-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The atomic_t type is 32bit but a 64bit system can have more than 2^32 pages of virtual address space available. Without this we overflow on ludicrously large mappings Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: don't drop a partial page in a zone's memory map sizeJohannes Weiner2008-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In a zone's present pages number, account for all pages occupied by the memory map, including a partial. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: allow pfnmap ->fault()sNick Piggin2008-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Take out an assertion to allow ->fault handlers to service PFNMAP regions. This is required to reimplement .nopfn handlers with .fault handlers and subsequently remove nopfn. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | mm: bdi: fix race in bdi_class device creationGreg Kroah-Hartman2008-05-20
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a race from when a device is created with device_create() and then the drvdata is set with a call to dev_set_drvdata() in which a sysfs file could be open, yet the drvdata will be NULL, causing all sorts of bad things to happen. This patch fixes the problem by using the new function, device_create_vargs(). Many thanks to Arthur Jones <ajones@riverbed.com> for reporting the bug, and testing patches out. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Arthur Jones <ajones@riverbed.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* memory_hotplug: always initialize pageblock bitmapHeiko Carstens2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trying to online a new memory section that was added via memory hotplug sometimes results in crashes when the new pages are added via __free_page. Reason for that is that the pageblock bitmap isn't initialized and hence contains random stuff. That means that get_pageblock_migratetype() returns also random stuff and therefore list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]); in __free_one_page() tries to do a list_add to something that isn't even necessarily a list. This happens since 86051ca5eaf5e560113ec7673462804c54284456 ("mm: fix usemap initialization") which makes sure that the pageblock bitmap gets only initialized for pages present in a zone. Unfortunately for hot-added memory the zones "grow" after the memmap and the pageblock memmap have been initialized. Which means that the new pages have an unitialized bitmap. To solve this the calls to grow_zone_span() and grow_pgdat_span() are moved to __add_zone() just before the initialization happens. The patch also moves the two functions since __add_zone() is the only caller and I didn't want to add a forward declaration. Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mprotect: prevent alteration of the PAT bitsVenki Pallipadi2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a defect in mprotect, which lets the user change the page cache type bits by-passing the kernel reserve_memtype and free_memtype wrappers. Fix the problem by not letting mprotect change the PAT bits. Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memory_hotplug: check for walk_memory_resource() failure in online_pages()Geoff Levand2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a check to online_pages() to test for failure of walk_memory_resource(). This fixes a condition where a failure of walk_memory_resource() can lead to online_pages() returning success without the requested pages being onlined. Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Keith Mannthey <kmannth@us.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memory hotplug: memmap_init_zone called twiceHeiko Carstens2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __add_zone calls memmap_init_zone twice if memory gets attached to an empty zone. Once via init_currently_empty_zone and once explictly right after that call. Looks like this is currently not a bug, however the call is superfluous and might lead to subtle bugs if memmap_init_zone gets changed. So make sure it is called only once. Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: fix infinite loop in filemap_faultMiklos Szeredi2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | filemap_fault will go into an infinite loop if ->readpage() fails asynchronously. AFAICS the bug was introduced by this commit, which removed the wait after the final readpage: commit d00806b183152af6d24f46f0c33f14162ca1262a Author: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Date: Thu Jul 19 01:46:57 2007 -0700 mm: fix fault vs invalidate race for linear mappings Fix by reintroducing the wait_on_page_locked() after ->readpage() to make sure the page is up-to-date before jumping back to the beginning of the function. I've noticed this while testing nfs exporting on fuse. The patch fixes it. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* fix SMP data race in pagetable setup vs walkingNick Piggin2008-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a possible data race in the page table walking code. After the split ptlock patches, it actually seems to have been introduced to the core code, but even before that I think it would have impacted some architectures (powerpc and sparc64, at least, walk the page tables without taking locks eg. see find_linux_pte()). The race is as follows: The pte page is allocated, zeroed, and its struct page gets its spinlock initialized. The mm-wide ptl is then taken, and then the pte page is inserted into the pagetables. At this point, the spinlock is not guaranteed to have ordered the previous stores to initialize the pte page with the subsequent store to put it in the page tables. So another Linux page table walker might be walking down (without any locks, because we have split-leaf-ptls), and find that new pte we've inserted. It might try to take the spinlock before the store from the other CPU initializes it. And subsequently it might read a pte_t out before stores from the other CPU have cleared the memory. There are also similar races in higher levels of the page tables. They obviously don't involve the spinlock, but could see uninitialized memory. Arch code and hardware pagetable walkers that walk the pagetables without locks could see similar uninitialized memory problems, regardless of whether split ptes are enabled or not. I prefer to put the barriers in core code, because that's where the higher level logic happens, but the page table accessors are per-arch, and open-coding them everywhere I don't think is an option. I'll put the read-side barriers in alpha arch code for now (other architectures perform data-dependent loads in order). Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/pdflush.c: merge the same code in two pathDenis Cheng2008-05-13
| | | | | | Signed-off-by: Denis Cheng <crquan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* make vmstat cpu-unplug safeKOSAKI Motohiro2008-05-13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | When accessing cpu_online_map, we should prevent dynamic changing of cpu_online_map by get_online_cpus(). Unfortunately, all_vm_events() doesn't do that. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds2008-05-08
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: Revert "relay: fix splice problem" docbook: fix bio missing parameter block: use unitialized_var() in bio_alloc_bioset() block: avoid duplicate calls to get_part() in disk stat code cfq-iosched: make io priorities inherit CPU scheduling class as well as nice block: optimize generic_unplug_device() block: get rid of likely/unlikely predictions in merge logic vfs: splice remove_suid() cleanup cfq-iosched: fix RCU race in the cfq io_context destructor handling block: adjust tagging function queue bit locking block: sysfs store function needs to grab queue_lock and use queue_flag_*()
| * vfs: splice remove_suid() cleanupMiklos Szeredi2008-05-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | generic_file_splice_write() duplicates remove_suid() just because it doesn't hold i_mutex. But it grabs i_mutex inside splice_from_pipe() anyway, so this is rather pointless. Move locking to generic_file_splice_write() and call remove_suid() and __splice_from_pipe() instead. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* | slub: fix atomic usage in any_slab_objects()Benjamin Herrenschmidt2008-05-08
|/ | | | | | | | | | | any_slab_objects() does an atomic_read on an atomic_long_t, this fixes it to use atomic_long_read instead. Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* x86: fix PAE pmd_bad bootup warningHugh Dickins2008-05-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix warning from pmd_bad() at bootup on a HIGHMEM64G HIGHPTE x86_32. That came from 9fc34113f6880b215cbea4e7017fc818700384c2 x86: debug pmd_bad(); but we understand now that the typecasting was wrong for PAE in the previous version: pagetable pages above 4GB looked bad and stopped Arjan from booting. And revert that cded932b75ab0a5f9181ee3da34a0a488d1a14fd x86: fix pmd_bad and pud_bad to support huge pages. It was the wrong way round: we shouldn't weaken every pmd_bad and pud_bad check to let huge pages slip through - in part they check that we _don't_ have a huge page where it's not expected. Put the x86 pmd_bad() and pud_bad() definitions back to what they have long been: they can be improved (x86_32 should use PTE_MASK, to stop PAE thinking junk in the upper word is good; and x86_64 should follow x86_32's stricter comparison, to stop thinking any subset of required bits is good); but that should be a later patch. Fix Hans' good observation that follow_page() will never find pmd_huge() because that would have already failed the pmd_bad test: test pmd_huge in between the pmd_none and pmd_bad tests. Tighten x86's pmd_huge() check? No, once it's a hugepage entry, it can get quite far from a good pmd: for example, PROT_NONE leaves it with only ACCESSED of the KERN_PGTABLE bits. However... though follow_page() contains this and another test for huge pages, so it's nice to keep it working on them, where does it actually get called on a huge page? get_user_pages() checks is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) to to call alternative hugetlb processing, as does unmap_vmas() and others. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Earlier-version-tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Jeff Chua <jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Hans Rosenfeld <hans.rosenfeld@amd.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* slub: #ifdef simplificationChristoph Lameter2008-05-01
| | | | | | | | If we make SLUB_DEBUG depend on SYSFS then we can simplify some #ifdefs and avoid others. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* slub: Whitespace cleanup and use of strict_strtoulChristoph Lameter2008-05-01
| | | | | | | | Fix some issues with wrapping and use strict_strtoul to make parameter passing from sysfs safer. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* memcg: simple stats for memory resource controllerBalaji Rao2008-05-01
| | | | | | | | | | Implement trivial statistics for the memory resource controller. Signed-off-by: Balaji Rao <balajirrao@gmail.com> Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* docbook: fix vmalloc missing parameter notationRandy Dunlap2008-05-01
| | | | | | | | | | Fix vmalloc kernel-doc warning: Warning(linux-2.6.25-git14//mm/vmalloc.c:555): No description found for parameter 'caller' Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* remove div_long_long_remRoman Zippel2008-05-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | x86 is the only arch right now, which provides an optimized for div_long_long_rem and it has the downside that one has to be very careful that the divide doesn't overflow. The API is a little akward, as the arguments for the unsigned divide are signed. The signed version also doesn't handle a negative divisor and produces worse code on 64bit archs. There is little incentive to keep this API alive, so this converts the few users to the new API. Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* revert "memory hotplug: allocate usemap on the section with pgdat"Andrew Morton2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This: commit 86f6dae1377523689bd8468fed2f2dd180fc0560 Author: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Date: Mon Apr 28 02:13:33 2008 -0700 memory hotplug: allocate usemap on the section with pgdat Usemaps are allocated on the section which has pgdat by this. Because usemap size is very small, many other sections usemaps are allocated on only one page. If a section has usemap, it can't be removed until removing other sections. This dependency is not desirable for memory removing. Pgdat has similar feature. When a section has pgdat area, it must be the last section for removing on the node. So, if section A has pgdat and section B has usemap for section A, Both sections can't be removed due to dependency each other. To solve this issue, this patch collects usemap on same section with pgdat. If other sections doesn't have any dependency, this section will be able to be removed finally. Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> broke davem's sparc64 bootup. Revert it while we work out what went wrong. Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: fix warning on memory offlineNick Piggin2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki found a warning message in the buffer dirtying code that is coming from page migration caller. WARNING: at fs/buffer.c:720 __set_page_dirty+0x330/0x360() Call Trace: [<a000000100015220>] show_stack+0x80/0xa0 [<a000000100015270>] dump_stack+0x30/0x60 [<a000000100089ed0>] warn_on_slowpath+0x90/0xe0 [<a0000001001f8b10>] __set_page_dirty+0x330/0x360 [<a0000001001ffb90>] __set_page_dirty_buffers+0xd0/0x280 [<a00000010012fec0>] set_page_dirty+0xc0/0x260 [<a000000100195670>] migrate_page_copy+0x5d0/0x5e0 [<a000000100197840>] buffer_migrate_page+0x2e0/0x3c0 [<a000000100195eb0>] migrate_pages+0x770/0xe00 What was happening is that migrate_page_copy wants to transfer the PG_dirty bit from old page to new page, so what it would do is set_page_dirty(newpage). However set_page_dirty() is used to set the entire page dirty, wheras in this case, only part of the page was dirty, and it also was not uptodate. Marking the whole page dirty with set_page_dirty would lead to corruption or unresolvable conditions -- a dirty && !uptodate page and dirty && !uptodate buffers. Possibly we could just ClearPageDirty(oldpage); SetPageDirty(newpage); however in the interests of keeping the change minimal... Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: remove remaining __FUNCTION__ occurrencesHarvey Harrison2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | __FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__ Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objectsThomas Gleixner2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: Add NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP counterMiklos Szeredi2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuse will use temporary buffers to write back dirty data from memory mappings (normal writes are done synchronously). This is needed, because there cannot be any guarantee about the time in which a write will complete. By using temporary buffers, from the MM's point if view the page is written back immediately. If the writeout was due to memory pressure, this effectively migrates data from a full zone to a less full zone. This patch adds a new counter (NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP) for the number of pages used as temporary buffers. [Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: add vmstat_text for NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP] Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: bdi: export bdi_writeout_inc()Miklos Szeredi2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | Fuse needs this for writable mmap support. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: bdi: add separate writeback accounting capabilityMiklos Szeredi2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a new BDI capability flag: BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_WB. If this flag is set, then don't update the per-bdi writeback stats from test_set_page_writeback() and test_clear_page_writeback(). Misc cleanups: - convert bdi_cap_writeback_dirty() and friends to static inline functions - create a flag that includes all three dirty/writeback related flags, since almst all users will want to have them toghether Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: bdi: move statistics to debugfsMiklos Szeredi2008-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Move BDI statistics to debugfs: /sys/kernel/debug/bdi/<bdi>/stats Use postcore_initcall() to initialize the sysfs class and debugfs, because debugfs is initialized in core_initcall(). Update descriptions in ABI documentation. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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