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* memcg: add file-based RSS accountingBalbir Singh2009-06-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add file RSS tracking per memory cgroup We currently don't track file RSS, the RSS we report is actually anon RSS. All the file mapped pages, come in through the page cache and get accounted there. This patch adds support for accounting file RSS pages. It should 1. Help improve the metrics reported by the memory resource controller 2. Will form the basis for a future shared memory accounting heuristic that has been proposed by Kamezawa. Unfortunately, we cannot rename the existing "rss" keyword used in memory.stat to "anon_rss". We however, add "mapped_file" data and hope to educate the end user through documentation. [hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: fix mem_cgroup_update_mapped_file_stat oops] Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.cn> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vmscan: report vm_flags in page_referenced()Wu Fengguang2009-06-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Collect vma->vm_flags of the VMAs that actually referenced the page. This is preparing for more informed reclaim heuristics, eg. to protect executable file pages more aggressively. For now only the VM_EXEC bit will be used by the caller. Thanks to Johannes, Peter and Minchan for all the good tips. Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: remove CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU config optionKOSAKI Motohiro2009-06-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently, nobody wants to turn UNEVICTABLE_LRU off. Thus this configurability is unnecessary. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* hugh: update email addressHugh Dickins2009-05-21
| | | | | | | | | My old address will shut down in a few days time: remove it from the tree, and add a tmpfs (shmem filesystem) maintainer entry with the new address. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: fix mlocked page counter mismatchMinChan Kim2009-02-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When I tested following program, I found that the mlocked counter is strange. It cannot free some mlocked pages. It is because try_to_unmap_file() doesn't check real page mappings in vmas. That is because the goal of an address_space for a file is to find all processes into which the file's specific interval is mapped. It is related to the file's interval, not to pages. Even if the page isn't really mapped by the vma, it returns SWAP_MLOCK since the vma has VM_LOCKED, then calls try_to_mlock_page. After this the mlocked counter is increased again. COWed anon page in a file-backed vma could be a such case. This patch resolves it. -- my test program -- int main() { mlockall(MCL_CURRENT); return 0; } -- before -- root@barrios-target-linux:~# cat /proc/meminfo | egrep 'Mlo|Unev' Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB -- after -- root@barrios-target-linux:~# cat /proc/meminfo | egrep 'Mlo|Unev' Unevictable: 8 kB Mlocked: 8 kB Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Acked-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Tested-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* badpage: remove vma from page_remove_rmapHugh Dickins2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove page_remove_rmap()'s vma arg, which was only for the Eeek message. And remove the BUG_ON(page_mapcount(page) == 0) from CONFIG_DEBUG_VM's page_dup_rmap(): we're trying to be more resilient about that than BUGs. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* badpage: replace page_remove_rmap Eeek and BUGHugh Dickins2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now that bad pages are kept out of circulation, there is no need for the infamous page_remove_rmap() BUG() - once that page is freed, its negative mapcount will issue a "Bad page state" message and the page won't be freed. Removing the BUG() allows more info, on subsequent pages, to be gathered. We do have more info about the page at this point than bad_page() can know - notably, what the pmd is, which might pinpoint something like low 64kB corruption - but page_remove_rmap() isn't given the address to find that. In practice, there is only one call to page_remove_rmap() which has ever reported anything, that from zap_pte_range() (usually on exit, sometimes on munmap). It has all the info, so remove page_remove_rmap()'s "Eeek" message and leave it all to zap_pte_range(). mm/memory.c already has a hardly used print_bad_pte() function, showing some of the appropriate info: extend it to show what we want for the rmap case: pte info, page info (when there is a page) and vma info to compare. zap_pte_range() already knows the pmd, but print_bad_pte() is easier to use if it works that out for itself. Some of this info is also shown in bad_page()'s "Bad page state" message. Keep them separate, but adjust them to match each other as far as possible. Say "Bad page map" in print_bad_pte(), and add a TAINT_BAD_PAGE there too. print_bad_pte() show current->comm unconditionally (though it should get repeated in the usually irrelevant stack trace): sorry, I misled Nick Piggin to make it conditional on vm_mm == current->mm, but current->mm is already NULL in the exit case. Usually current->comm is good, though exceptionally it may not be that of the mm (when "swapoff" for example). Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: further cleanup page_add_new_anon_rmapHugh Dickins2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Moving lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable() into page_add_new_anon_rmap() was good but stupid: we can and should SetPageSwapBacked() there too; and we know for sure that this anonymous, swap-backed page is not file cache. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: make page_lock_anon_vma() staticHugh Dickins2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | page_lock_anon_vma() and page_unlock_anon_vma() were made available to show_page_path() in vmscan.c; but now that has been removed, make them static in rmap.c again, they're better kept private if possible. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: add_active_or_unevictable into rmapHugh Dickins2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable() and page_add_new_anon_rmap() always appear together. Save some symbol table space and some jumping around by removing lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(), folding its code into page_add_new_anon_rmap(): like how we add file pages to lru just after adding them to page cache. Remove the nearby "TODO: is this safe?" comments (yes, it is safe), and change page_add_new_anon_rmap()'s address BUG_ON to VM_BUG_ON as originally intended. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: more likely reclaim MADV_SEQUENTIAL mappingsJohannes Weiner2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | File pages mapped only in sequentially read mappings are perfect reclaim canditates. This patch makes these mappings behave like weak references, their pages will be reclaimed unless they have a strong reference from a normal mapping as well. It changes the reclaim and the unmap path where they check if the page has been referenced. In both cases, accesses through sequentially read mappings will be ignored. Benchmark results from KOSAKI Motohiro: http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=122485301925098&w=2 Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: cleanup: remove #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATIONKOSAKI Motohiro2009-01-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | #ifdef in *.c file decrease source readability a bit. removing is better. This patch doesn't have any functional change. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* make mm/rmap.c:anon_vma_cachep staticAdrian Bunk2008-10-20
| | | | | | | | | | | This patch makes the needlessly global anon_vma_cachep static. Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memcg: avoid accounting special pagesKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki2008-10-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There are not-on-LRU pages which can be mapped and they are not worth to be accounted. (becasue we can't shrink them and need dirty codes to handle specical case) We'd like to make use of usual objrmap/radix-tree's protcol and don't want to account out-of-vm's control pages. When special_mapping_fault() is called, page->mapping is tend to be NULL and it's charged as Anonymous page. insert_page() also handles some special pages from drivers. This patch is for avoiding to account special pages. Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vmscan: unevictable LRU scan sysctlLee Schermerhorn2008-10-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds a function to scan individual or all zones' unevictable lists and move any pages that have become evictable onto the respective zone's inactive list, where shrink_inactive_list() will deal with them. Adds sysctl to scan all nodes, and per node attributes to individual nodes' zones. Kosaki: If evictable page found in unevictable lru when write /proc/sys/vm/scan_unevictable_pages, print filename and file offset of these pages. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix one CONFIG_MMU=n build error] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adapt vmscan-unevictable-lru-scan-sysctl.patch to new sysfs API] Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mlock: mlocked pages are unevictableNick Piggin2008-10-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd will not scan them over and over again. This is achieved through various strategies: 1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and, optionally, fault path. This allows early culling of unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to page_referenced()/try_to_unmap(). Also allows separate accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch did. Note: Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked flag. I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member]. I restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new count field. 2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c, with internal APIs in mm/internal.h. This is a rework of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable LRU list. 3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked() and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags. Note that the vma will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path; and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault path" patch is included. 4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked. Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible. This effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links as an mlock count. If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap(). One hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive. Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes: Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages(): New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS. because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging] [hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess] [lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm'] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()] Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* anon_vma_prepare: properly lock even newly allocated entriesLinus Torvalds2008-10-19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The anon_vma code is very subtle, and we end up doing optimistic lookups of anon_vmas under RCU in page_lock_anon_vma() with no locking. Other CPU's can also see the newly allocated entry immediately after we've exposed it by setting "vma->anon_vma" to the new value. We protect against the anon_vma being destroyed by having the SLAB marked as SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, so the RCU lookup can depend on the allocation not being destroyed - but it might still be free'd and re-allocated here to a new vma. As a result, we should not do the anon_vma list ops on a newly allocated vma without proper locking. Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: dirty page tracking race fixNick Piggin2008-08-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a race with dirty page accounting where a page may not properly be accounted for. clear_page_dirty_for_io() calls page_mkclean; then TestClearPageDirty. page_mkclean walks the rmaps for that page, and for each one it cleans and write protects the pte if it was dirty. It uses page_check_address to find the pte. That function has a shortcut to avoid the ptl if the pte is not present. Unfortunately, the pte can be switched to not-present then back to present by other code while holding the page table lock -- this should not be a signal for page_mkclean to ignore that pte, because it may be dirty. For example, powerpc64's set_pte_at will clear a previously present pte before setting it to the desired value. There may also be other code in core mm or in arch which do similar things. The consequence of the bug is loss of data integrity due to msync, and loss of dirty page accounting accuracy. XIP's __xip_unmap could easily also be unreliable (depending on the exact XIP locking scheme), which can lead to data corruption. Fix this by having an option to always take ptl to check the pte in page_check_address. It's possible to retain this optimization for page_referenced and try_to_unmap. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com> Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@freenet.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: page_remove_rmap comments on PageAnonHugh Dickins2008-08-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a comment to s390's page_test_dirty/page_clear_dirty/page_set_dirty dance in page_remove_rmap(): I was wrong to think the PageSwapCache test could be avoided, and would like a comment in there to remind me. And mention s390, to help us remember that this block is not really common. Also move down the "It would be tidy to reset PageAnon" comment: it does not belong to s390's block, and it would be unwise to reset PageAnon before we're done with testing it. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: rename page trylockNick Piggin2008-08-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Converting page lock to new locking bitops requires a change of page flag operation naming, so we might as well convert it to something nicer (!TestSetPageLocked_Lock => trylock_page, SetPageLocked => set_page_locked). This also facilitates lockdeping of page lock. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [S390] Optimize storage key operations for anon pagesMartin Schwidefsky2008-08-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | For anonymous pages without a swap cache backing the check in page_remove_rmap for the physical dirty bit in page_remove_rmap is unnecessary. The instructions that are used to check and reset the dirty bit are expensive. Removing the check noticably speeds up process exit. In addition the clearing of the dirty bit in __SetPageUptodate is pointless as well. With these two changes there is no storage key operation for an anonymous page anymore if it does not hit the swap space. The micro benchmark which repeatedly executes an empty shell script gets about 5% faster. Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
* mmu-notifiers: coreAndrea Arcangeli2008-07-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* SL*B: drop kmem cache argument from constructorAlexey Dobriyan2008-07-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kmem cache passed to constructor is only needed for constructors that are themselves multiplexeres. Nobody uses this "feature", nor does anybody uses passed kmem cache in non-trivial way, so pass only pointer to object. Non-trivial places are: arch/powerpc/mm/init_64.c arch/powerpc/mm/hugetlbpage.c This is flag day, yes. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jon Tollefson <kniht@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix arch/powerpc/mm/hugetlbpage.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/slab.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix ubifs] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memcg: remove refcnt from page_cgroupKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki2008-07-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | memcg: performance improvements Patch Description 1/5 ... remove refcnt fron page_cgroup patch (shmem handling is fixed) 2/5 ... swapcache handling patch 3/5 ... add helper function for shmem's memory reclaim patch 4/5 ... optimize by likely/unlikely ppatch 5/5 ... remove redundunt check patch (shmem handling is fixed.) Unix bench result. == 2.6.26-rc2-mm1 + memory resource controller Execl Throughput 2915.4 lps (29.6 secs, 3 samples) C Compiler Throughput 1019.3 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 5796.0 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1097.7 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (16 concurrent) 565.3 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1022128.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 544057.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 346481.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 319325.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 148788.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 99051.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 2058917.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1606109.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 854789.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) Dc: sqrt(2) to 99 decimal places 126145.2 lpm (30.0 secs, 3 samples) INDEX VALUES TEST BASELINE RESULT INDEX Execl Throughput 43.0 2915.4 678.0 File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 346481.0 875.0 File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 99051.0 598.5 File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 854789.0 1473.8 Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 1097.7 1829.5 ========= FINAL SCORE 991.3 == 2.6.26-rc2-mm1 + this set == Execl Throughput 3012.9 lps (29.9 secs, 3 samples) C Compiler Throughput 981.0 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 5872.0 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 1120.3 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) Shell Scripts (16 concurrent) 578.0 lpm (60.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1003993.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 550452.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 347159.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 314644.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 151852.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 101000.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Read 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 2033256.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Write 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 1611814.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 847979.0 KBps (30.0 secs, 3 samples) Dc: sqrt(2) to 99 decimal places 128148.7 lpm (30.0 secs, 3 samples) INDEX VALUES TEST BASELINE RESULT INDEX Execl Throughput 43.0 3012.9 700.7 File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 347159.0 876.7 File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 101000.0 610.3 File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 847979.0 1462.0 Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 1120.3 1867.2 ========= FINAL SCORE 1004.6 This patch: Remove refcnt from page_cgroup(). After this, * A page is charged only when !page_mapped() && no page_cgroup is assigned. * Anon page is newly mapped. * File page is added to mapping->tree. * A page is uncharged only when * Anon page is fully unmapped. * File page is removed from LRU. There is no change in behavior from user's view. This patch also removes unnecessary calls in rmap.c which was used only for refcnt mangement. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning] [hugh@veritas.com: fix shmem_unuse_inode charging] Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: remove nopageNick Piggin2008-04-28
| | | | | | | | | | Nothing in the tree uses nopage any more. Remove support for it in the core mm code and documentation (and a few stray references to it in comments). Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* s390: KVM preparation: host memory management changes for s390 kvmChristian Borntraeger2008-04-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch changes the s390 memory management defintions to use the pgste field for dirty and reference bit tracking of host and guest code. Usually on s390, dirty and referenced are tracked in storage keys, which belong to the physical page. This changes with virtualization: The guest and host dirty/reference bits are defined to be the logical OR of the values for the mapping and the physical page. This patch implements the necessary changes in pgtable.h for s390. There is a common code change in mm/rmap.c, the call to page_test_and_clear_young must be moved. This is a no-op for all architecture but s390. page_referenced checks the referenced bits for the physiscal page and for all mappings: o The physical page is checked with page_test_and_clear_young. o The mappings are checked with ptep_test_and_clear_young and friends. Without pgstes (the current implementation on Linux s390) the physical page check is implemented but the mapping callbacks are no-ops because dirty and referenced are not tracked in the s390 page tables. The pgstes introduces guest and host dirty and reference bits for s390 in the host mapping. These mapping must be checked before page_test_and_clear_young resets the reference bit. Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
* mm: rmap kernel-doc fixesRandy Dunlap2008-03-19
| | | | | | | | Correct kernel-doc function names and parameters in rmap.c. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memcg: mm_match_cgroup not vm_match_cgroupHugh Dickins2008-03-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | vm_match_cgroup is a perverse name for a macro to match mm with cgroup: rename it mm_match_cgroup, matching mm_init_cgroup and mm_free_cgroup. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp> Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memcontrol: add vm_match_cgroup()David Rientjes2008-02-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mm_cgroup() is exclusively used to test whether an mm's mem_cgroup pointer is pointing to a specific cgroup. Instead of returning the pointer, we can just do the test itself in a new macro: vm_match_cgroup(mm, cgroup) returns non-zero if the mm's mem_cgroup points to cgroup. Otherwise it returns zero. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Memory controller: make page_referenced() cgroup awareBalbir Singh2008-02-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make page_referenced() cgroup aware. Without this patch, page_referenced() can cause a page to be skipped while reclaiming pages. This patch ensures that other cgroups do not hold pages in a particular cgroup hostage. It is required to ensure that shared pages are freed from a cgroup when they are not actively referenced from the cgroup that brought them in Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Memory controller: memory accountingBalbir Singh2008-02-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: don't waste swap on locked pagesHugh Dickins2008-02-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | try_to_unmap always fails on a page found in a VM_LOCKED vma (unless migrating), and recycles it back to the active list. But if it's an anonymous page, we've already allocated swap to it: just wasting swap. Spot locked pages in page_referenced_one and treat them as referenced. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Ethan Solomita <solo@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* radix-tree: avoid atomic allocations for preloaded insertionsNick Piggin2008-02-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Most pagecache (and some other) radix tree insertions have the great opportunity to preallocate a few nodes with relaxed gfp flags. But the preallocation is squandered when it comes time to allocate a node, we default to first attempting a GFP_ATOMIC allocation -- that doesn't normally fail, but it can eat into atomic memory reserves that we don't need to be using. Another upshot of this is that it removes the sometimes highly contended zone->lock from underneath tree_lock. Pagecache insertions are always performed with a radix tree preload, and after this change, such a situation will never fall back to kmem_cache_alloc within radix_tree_node_alloc. David Miller reports seeing this allocation fail on a highly threaded sparc64 system: [527319.459981] dd: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x20 [527319.460403] Call Trace: [527319.460568] [00000000004b71e0] __slab_alloc+0x1b0/0x6a8 [527319.460636] [00000000004b7bbc] kmem_cache_alloc+0x4c/0xa8 [527319.460698] [000000000055309c] radix_tree_node_alloc+0x20/0x90 [527319.460763] [0000000000553238] radix_tree_insert+0x12c/0x260 [527319.460830] [0000000000495cd0] add_to_page_cache+0x38/0xb0 [527319.460893] [00000000004e4794] mpage_readpages+0x6c/0x134 [527319.460955] [000000000049c7fc] __do_page_cache_readahead+0x170/0x280 [527319.461028] [000000000049cc88] ondemand_readahead+0x208/0x214 [527319.461094] [0000000000496018] do_generic_mapping_read+0xe8/0x428 [527319.461152] [0000000000497948] generic_file_aio_read+0x108/0x170 [527319.461217] [00000000004badac] do_sync_read+0x88/0xd0 [527319.461292] [00000000004bb5cc] vfs_read+0x78/0x10c [527319.461361] [00000000004bb920] sys_read+0x34/0x60 [527319.461424] [0000000000406294] linux_sparc_syscall32+0x3c/0x40 The calltrace is significant: __do_page_cache_readahead allocates a number of pages with GFP_KERNEL, and hence it should have reclaimed sufficient memory to satisfy GFP_ATOMIC allocations. However after the list of pages goes to mpage_readpages, there can be significant intervals (including disk IO) before all the pages are inserted into the radix-tree. So the reserves can easily be depleted at that point. The patch is confirmed to fix the problem. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [S390] Optimize storage key handling for anonymous pagesChristian Borntraeger2007-11-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | page_mkclean used to call page_clear_dirty for every given page. This is different to all other architectures, where the dirty bit in the PTEs is only resetted, if page_mapping() returns a non-NULL pointer. We can move the page_test_dirty/page_clear_dirty sequence into the 2nd if to avoid unnecessary iske/sske sequences, which are expensive. This change also helps kvm for s390 as the host must transfer the dirty bit into the guest status bits. By moving the page_clear_dirty operation into the 2nd if, the vm will only call page_clear_dirty for pages where it walks the mapping anyway. There it calls ptep_clear_flush for writable ptes, so we can transfer the dirty bit to the guest. Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
* Migration: find correct vma in new_vma_page()Lee Schermerhorn2007-11-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We hit the BUG_ON() in mm/rmap.c:vma_address() when trying to migrate via mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE) a non-anon region that spans multiple vmas. For anon-regions, we just fail to migrate any pages beyond the 1st vma in the range. This occurs because do_mbind() collects a list of pages to migrate by calling check_range(). check_range() walks the task's mm, spanning vmas as necessary, to collect the migratable pages into a list. Then, do_mbind() calls migrate_pages() passing the list of pages, a function to allocate new pages based on vma policy [new_vma_page()], and a pointer to the first vma of the range. For each page in the list, new_vma_page() calls page_address_in_vma() passing the page and the vma [first in range] to obtain the address to get for alloc_page_vma(). The page address is needed to get interleaving policy correct. If the pages in the list come from multiple vmas, eventually, new_page_address() will pass that page to page_address_in_vma() with the incorrect vma. For !PageAnon pages, this will result in a bug check in rmap.c:vma_address(). For anon pages, vma_address() will just return EFAULT and fail the migration. This patch modifies new_vma_page() to check the return value from page_address_in_vma(). If the return value is EFAULT, new_vma_page() searchs forward via vm_next for the vma that maps the page--i.e., that does not return EFAULT. This assumes that the pages in the list handed to migrate_pages() is in address order. This is currently case. The patch documents this assumption in a new comment block for new_vma_page(). If new_vma_page() cannot locate the vma mapping the page in a forward search in the mm, it will pass a NULL vma to alloc_page_vma(). This will result in the allocation using the task policy, if any, else system default policy. This situation is unlikely, but the patch documents this behavior with a comment. Note, this patch results in restarting from the first vma in a multi-vma range each time new_vma_page() is called. If this is not acceptable, we can make the vma argument a pointer, both in new_vma_page() and it's caller unmap_and_move() so that the value held by the loop in migrate_pages() always passes down the last vma in which a page was found. This will require changes to all new_page_t functions passed to migrate_pages(). Is this necessary? For this patch to work, we can't bug check in vma_address() for pages outside the argument vma. This patch removes the BUG_ON(). All other callers [besides new_vma_page()] already check the return status. Tested on x86_64, 4 node NUMA platform. Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: document tree_lock->zone.lock lockorderNick Piggin2007-10-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | zone->lock is quite an "inner" lock and mostly constrained to page alloc as well, so like slab locks, it probably isn't something that is critically important to document here. However unlike slab locks, zone lock could be used more widely in future, and page_alloc.c might possibly have more business to do tricky things with pagecache than does slab. So... I don't think it hurts to document it. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Slab API: remove useless ctor parameter and reorder parametersChristoph Lameter2007-10-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Slab constructors currently have a flags parameter that is never used. And the order of the arguments is opposite to other slab functions. The object pointer is placed before the kmem_cache pointer. Convert ctor(void *object, struct kmem_cache *s, unsigned long flags) to ctor(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object) throughout the kernel [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coupla fixes] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* flush icache before set_pte() on ia64: flush icache at set_pteKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki2007-10-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Current ia64 kernel flushes icache by lazy_mmu_prot_update() *after* set_pte(). This is too late. This patch removes lazy_mmu_prot_update and add modfied set_pte() for flushing if necessary. This patch flush icache of a page when new pte has exec bit. && new pte has present bit && new pte is user's page. && (old *ptep is not present || new pte's pfn is not same to old *ptep's ptn) && new pte's page has no Pg_arch_1 bit. Pg_arch_1 is set when a page is cache consistent. I think this condition checks are much easier to understand than considering "Where sync_icache_dcache() should be inserted ?". pte_user() for ia64 was removed by http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/12/67 as clean-up. So, I added it again. Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: Remove slab destructors from kmem_cache_create().Paul Mundt2007-07-19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's c59def9f222d44bb7e2f0a559f2906191a0862d7 change. They've been BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them either. This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create() completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves, or the documentation references). Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
* mm: merge populate and nopage into fault (fixes nonlinear)Nick Piggin2007-07-19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nonlinear mappings are (AFAIKS) simply a virtual memory concept that encodes the virtual address -> file offset differently from linear mappings. ->populate is a layering violation because the filesystem/pagecache code should need to know anything about the virtual memory mapping. The hitch here is that the ->nopage handler didn't pass down enough information (ie. pgoff). But it is more logical to pass pgoff rather than have the ->nopage function calculate it itself anyway (because that's a similar layering violation). Having the populate handler install the pte itself is likewise a nasty thing to be doing. This patch introduces a new fault handler that replaces ->nopage and ->populate and (later) ->nopfn. Most of the old mechanism is still in place so there is a lot of duplication and nice cleanups that can be removed if everyone switches over. The rationale for doing this in the first place is that nonlinear mappings are subject to the pagefault vs invalidate/truncate race too, and it seemed stupid to duplicate the synchronisation logic rather than just consolidate the two. After this patch, MAP_NONBLOCK no longer sets up ptes for pages present in pagecache. Seems like a fringe functionality anyway. NOPAGE_REFAULT is removed. This should be implemented with ->fault, and no users have hit mainline yet. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: doc. fixes for readahead] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: kill validate_anon_vma to avoid mapcount BUGHugh Dickins2007-06-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | validate_anon_vma gave a useful check on the integrity of the anon_vma list when Andrea was developing obj rmap; but it was not enabled in SLES9 itself, nor in mainline, until Nick changed commented-out RMAP_DEBUG to configurable CONFIG_DEBUG_VM in 2.6.17. Now Petr Vandrovec reports that its BUG_ON(mapcount > 100000) can easily crash a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y system. That limit was just an arbitrary number to protect against an infinite loop. We could raise it to something enormous (depending on sizeof struct vma and size of memory?); but I rather think validate_anon_vma has outlived its usefulness, and is better just removed - which gives a magnificent performance boost to anything like Petr's test program ;) Of course, a very long anon_vma list is bad news for preemption latency, and I believe there has been one recent report of such: let's not forget that, but validate_anon_vma only makes it worse not better. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Petr Vandrovec <petr@vmware.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: more rmap checkingNick Piggin2007-05-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Re-introduce rmap verification patches that Hugh removed when he removed PG_map_lock. PG_map_lock actually isn't needed to synchronise access to anonymous pages, because PG_locked and PTL together already do. These checks were important in discovering and fixing a rare rmap corruption in SLES9. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Remove SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTORChristoph Lameter2007-05-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR is always specified. No point in checking it. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com> Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org> Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz> Cc: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* fbdev: mm: Deferred IO supportJaya Kumar2007-05-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This implements deferred IO support in fbdev. Deferred IO is a way to delay and repurpose IO. This implementation is done using mm's page_mkwrite and page_mkclean hooks in order to detect, delay and then rewrite IO. This functionality is used by hecubafb. [adaplas] This is useful for graphics hardware with no directly addressable/mappable framebuffer. Implementing this will allow the "framebuffer" to be accesible from user space via mmap(). Signed-off-by: Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.lkml@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Antonino Daplas <adaplas@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* slab allocators: Remove SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL flagChristoph Lameter2007-05-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I have never seen a use of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL. It is only supported by SLAB. I think its purpose was to have a callback after an object has been freed to verify that the state is the constructor state again? The callback is performed before each freeing of an object. I would think that it is much easier to check the object state manually before the free. That also places the check near the code object manipulation of the object. Also the SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL callback is only performed if the kernel was compiled with SLAB debugging on. If there would be code in a constructor handling SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL then it would have to be conditional on SLAB_DEBUG otherwise it would just be dead code. But there is no such code in the kernel. I think SLUB_DEBUG_INITIAL is too problematic to make real use of, difficult to understand and there are easier ways to accomplish the same effect (i.e. add debug code before kfree). There is a related flag SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY that is frequently checked to be clear in fs inode caches. Remove the pointless checks (they would even be pointless without removeal of SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL) from the fs constructors. This is the last slab flag that SLUB did not support. Remove the check for unimplemented flags from SLUB. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [S390] split page_test_and_clear_dirty.Martin Schwidefsky2007-04-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The page_test_and_clear_dirty primitive really consists of two operations, page_test_dirty and the page_clear_dirty. The combination of the two is not an atomic operation, so it makes more sense to have two separate operations instead of one. In addition to the improved readability of the s390 version of SetPageUptodate, it now avoids the page_test_dirty operation which is an insert-storage-key-extended (iske) instruction which is an expensive operation. Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
* [S390] page_mkclean data corruption.Martin Schwidefsky2007-04-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The git commit c2fda5fed81eea077363b285b66eafce20dfd45a which added the page_test_and_clear_dirty call to page_mkclean and the git commit 7658cc289288b8ae7dd2c2224549a048431222b3 which fixes the "nasty and subtle race in shared mmap'ed page writeback" problem in clear_page_dirty_for_io cause data corruption on s390. The effect of the two changes is that for every call to clear_page_dirty_for_io a page_test_and_clear_dirty is done. If the per page dirty bit is set set_page_dirty is called. Strangly clear_page_dirty_for_io is called for not-uptodate pages, e.g. over this call-chain: [<000000000007c0f2>] clear_page_dirty_for_io+0x12a/0x130 [<000000000007c494>] generic_writepages+0x258/0x3e0 [<000000000007c692>] do_writepages+0x76/0x7c [<00000000000c7a26>] __writeback_single_inode+0xba/0x3e4 [<00000000000c831a>] sync_sb_inodes+0x23e/0x398 [<00000000000c8802>] writeback_inodes+0x12e/0x140 [<000000000007b9ee>] wb_kupdate+0xd2/0x178 [<000000000007cca2>] pdflush+0x162/0x23c The bad news now is that page_test_and_clear_dirty might claim that a not-uptodate page is dirty since SetPageUptodate which resets the per page dirty bit has not yet been called. The page writeback that follows clobbers the data on disk. The simplest solution to this problem is to move the call to page_test_and_clear_dirty under the "if (page_mapped(page))". If a file backed page is mapped it is uptodate. Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
* [PATCH] adapt page_lock_anon_vma() to PREEMPT_RCUOleg Nesterov2007-03-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | page_lock_anon_vma() uses spin_lock() to block RCU. This doesn't work with PREEMPT_RCU, we have to do rcu_read_lock() explicitely. Otherwise, it is theoretically possible that slab returns anon_vma's memory to the system before we do spin_unlock(&anon_vma->lock). [ Hugh points out that this only matters for PREEMPT_RCU, which isn't merged yet, and may never be. Regardless, this patch is conceptually the right thing to do, even if it doesn't matter at this point. - Linus ] Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] page_mkclean_one(): fix call to set_pte_at()Al Viro2006-12-30
| | | | | | | | (akpm: macros are wonderful) Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Fix up page_mkclean_one(): virtual caches, s390Peter Zijlstra2006-12-22
| | | | | | | | | | - add flush_cache_page() for all those virtual indexed cache architectures. - handle s390. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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