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Update copyright notice and add Documentation/workqueue.txt.
Randy Dunlap, Dave Chinner: misc fixes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-By: Florian Mickler <florian@mickler.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
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* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: use zalloc_cpumask_var() for gcwq->mayday_mask
workqueue: fix GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED initialization
workqueue: Add a workqueue chapter to the tracepoint docbook
workqueue: fix cwq->nr_active underflow
workqueue: improve destroy_workqueue() debuggability
workqueue: mark lock acquisition on worker_maybe_bind_and_lock()
workqueue: annotate lock context change
workqueue: free rescuer on destroy_workqueue
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alloc_mayday_mask() was using alloc_cpumask_var() making
gcwq->mayday_mask contain garbage after initialization on
CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y configurations. This combined with the
previously fixed GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED initialization bug could make
rescuers fall into infinite loop trying to bind to an offline cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
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init_workqueues() incorrectly marks workqueues for all possible CPUs
associated. Combined with mayday_mask initialization bug, this can
make rescuers keep trying to bind to an offline gcwq indefinitely.
Fix init_workqueues() such that only online CPUs have their gcwqs have
GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED cleared.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
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cwq->nr_active is used to keep track of how many work items are active
for the cpu workqueue, where 'active' is defined as either pending on
global worklist or executing. This is used to implement the
max_active limit and workqueue freezing. If a work item is queued
after nr_active has already reached max_active, the work item doesn't
increment nr_active and is put on the delayed queue and gets activated
later as previous active work items retire.
try_to_grab_pending() which is used in the cancellation path
unconditionally decremented nr_active whether the work item being
cancelled is currently active or delayed, so cancelling a delayed work
item makes nr_active underflow. This breaks max_active enforcement
and triggers BUG_ON() in destroy_workqueue() later on.
This patch fixes this bug by adding a flag WORK_STRUCT_DELAYED, which
is set while a work item in on the delayed list and making
try_to_grab_pending() decrement nr_active iff the work item is
currently active.
The addition of the flag enlarges cwq alignment to 256 bytes which is
getting a bit too large. It's scheduled to be reduced back to 128
bytes by merging WORK_STRUCT_PENDING and WORK_STRUCT_CWQ in the next
devel cycle.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
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Now that the worklist is global, having works pending after wq
destruction can easily lead to oops and destroy_workqueue() have
several BUG_ON()s to catch these cases. Unfortunately, BUG_ON()
doesn't tell much about how the work became pending after the final
flush_workqueue().
This patch adds WQ_DYING which is set before the final flush begins.
If a work is requested to be queued on a dying workqueue,
WARN_ON_ONCE() is triggered and the request is ignored. This clearly
indicates which caller is trying to queue a work on a dying workqueue
and keeps the system working in most cases.
Locking rule comment is updated such that the 'I' rule includes
modifying the field from destruction path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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worker_maybe_bind_and_lock() actually grabs gcwq->lock but was missing proper
annotation. Add it. So this patch will remove following sparse warnings:
kernel/workqueue.c:1214:13: warning: context imbalance in 'worker_maybe_bind_and_lock' - wrong count at exit
arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:44:9: warning: context imbalance in 'worker_rebind_fn' - unexpected unlock
kernel/workqueue.c:1991:17: warning: context imbalance in 'rescuer_thread' - unexpected unlock
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Some of internal functions called within gcwq->lock context releases and
regrabs the lock but were missing proper annotations. Add it.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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wq->rescuer is not freed when wq is destroyed, leads a memory leak
then. This patch also remove a redundant line.
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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With the introduction of the new unified work queue thread pools,
we lost one feature: It's no longer possible to know which worker
is causing the CPU to wake out of idle. The result is that PowerTOP
now reports a lot of "kworker/a:b" instead of more readable results.
This patch adds a pair of tracepoints to the new workqueue code,
similar in style to the timer/hrtimer tracepoints.
With this pair of tracepoints, the next PowerTOP can correctly
report which work item caused the wakeup (and how long it took):
Interrupt (43) i915 time 3.51ms wakeups 141
Work ieee80211_iface_work time 0.81ms wakeups 29
Work do_dbs_timer time 0.55ms wakeups 24
Process Xorg time 21.36ms wakeups 4
Timer sched_rt_period_timer time 0.01ms wakeups 1
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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hotcpu_notifier
Commit 6ee0578b (workqueue: mark init_workqueues as early_initcall)
made workqueue SMP initialization depend on workqueue_cpu_callback(),
which however was registered as hotcpu_notifier() and didn't get
called if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is not set. This made gcwqs on non-boot
CPUs not create their initial workers leading to boot failures. Fix
it by making it a cpu_notifier.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-and-bisected-by: walt <w41ter@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
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works in schecule_on_each_cpu() is a percpu pointer but was missing
__percpu markup. Add it.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (55 commits)
workqueue: mark init_workqueues() as early_initcall()
workqueue: explain for_each_*cwq_cpu() iterators
fscache: fix build on !CONFIG_SYSCTL
slow-work: kill it
gfs2: use workqueue instead of slow-work
drm: use workqueue instead of slow-work
cifs: use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: drop references to slow-work
fscache: convert operation to use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: convert object to use workqueue instead of slow-work
workqueue: fix how cpu number is stored in work->data
workqueue: fix mayday_mask handling on UP
workqueue: fix build problem on !CONFIG_SMP
workqueue: fix locking in retry path of maybe_create_worker()
async: use workqueue for worker pool
workqueue: remove WQ_SINGLE_CPU and use WQ_UNBOUND instead
workqueue: implement unbound workqueue
workqueue: prepare for WQ_UNBOUND implementation
libata: take advantage of cmwq and remove concurrency limitations
workqueue: fix worker management invocation without pending works
...
Fixed up conflicts in fs/cifs/* as per Tejun. Other trivial conflicts in
include/linux/workqueue.h, kernel/trace/Kconfig and kernel/workqueue.c
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Mark init_workqueues() as early_initcall() and thus it will be initialized
before smp bringup. init_workqueues() registers for the hotcpu notifier
and thus it should cope with the processors that are brought online after
the workqueues are initialized.
x86 smp bringup code uses workqueues and uses a workaround for the
cold boot process (as the workqueues are initialized post smp_init()).
Marking init_workqueues() as early_initcall() will pave the way for
cleaning up this code.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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for_each_*cwq_cpu() are similar to regular CPU iterators except that
it also considers the pseudo CPU number used for unbound workqueues.
Explain them.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Once a work starts execution, its data contains the cpu number it was
on instead of pointing to cwq. This is added by commit 7a22ad75
(workqueue: carry cpu number in work data once execution starts) to
reliably determine the work was last on even if the workqueue itself
was destroyed inbetween.
Whether data points to a cwq or contains a cpu number was
distinguished by comparing the value against PAGE_OFFSET. The
assumption was that a cpu number should be below PAGE_OFFSET while a
pointer to cwq should be above it. However, on architectures which
use separate address spaces for user and kernel spaces, this doesn't
hold as PAGE_OFFSET is zero.
Fix it by using an explicit flag, WORK_STRUCT_CWQ, to mark what the
data field contains. If the flag is set, it's pointing to a cwq;
otherwise, it contains a cpu number.
Reported on s390 and microblaze during linux-next testing.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@in.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@petalogix.com>
Reported-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
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All cpumasks are assumed to have cpu 0 permanently set on UP, so it
can't be used to signify whether there's something to be done for the
CPU. workqueue was using cpumask to track which CPU requested rescuer
assistance and this led rescuer thread to think there always are
pending mayday requests on UP, which resulted in infinite busy loops.
This patch fixes the problem by introducing mayday_mask_t and
associated helpers which wrap cpumask on SMP and emulates its behavior
using bitops and unsigned long on UP.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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Commit f3421797 (workqueue: implement unbound workqueue) incorrectly
tested CONFIG_SMP as part of a C expression in alloc/free_cwqs(). As
CONFIG_SMP is not defined in UP, this breaks build. Fix it by using
Found during linux-next build test.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
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maybe_create_worker() mismanaged locking when worker creation fails
and it has to retry. Fix locking and simplify lock manipulation.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang@windriver.com>
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WQ_SINGLE_CPU combined with @max_active of 1 is used to achieve full
ordering among works queued to a workqueue. The same can be achieved
using WQ_UNBOUND as unbound workqueues always use the gcwq for
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. As @max_active is always one and benefits from cpu
locality isn't accessible anyway, serving them with unbound workqueues
should be fine.
Drop WQ_SINGLE_CPU support and use WQ_UNBOUND instead. Note that most
single thread workqueue users will be converted to use multithread or
non-reentrant instead and only the ones which require strict ordering
will keep using WQ_UNBOUND + @max_active of 1.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This patch implements unbound workqueue which can be specified with
WQ_UNBOUND flag on creation. An unbound workqueue has the following
properties.
* It uses a dedicated gcwq with a pseudo CPU number WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This gcwq is always online and disassociated.
* Workers are not bound to any CPU and not concurrency managed. Works
are dispatched to workers as soon as possible and the only applied
limitation is @max_active. IOW, all unbound workqeueues are
implicitly high priority.
Unbound workqueues can be used as simple execution context provider.
Contexts unbound to any cpu are served as soon as possible.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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In preparation of WQ_UNBOUND addition, make the following changes.
* Add WORK_CPU_* constants for pseudo cpu id numbers used (currently
only WORK_CPU_NONE) and use them instead of NR_CPUS. This is to
allow another pseudo cpu id for unbound cpu.
* Reorder WQ_* flags.
* Make workqueue_struct->cpu_wq a union which contains a percpu
pointer, regular pointer and an unsigned long value and use
kzalloc/kfree() in UP allocation path. This will be used to
implement unbound workqueues which will use only one cwq on SMPs.
* Move alloc_cwqs() allocation after initialization of wq fields, so
that alloc_cwqs() has access to wq->flags.
* Trivial relocation of wq local variables in freeze functions.
These changes don't cause any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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When there's no pending work to do, worker_thread() goes back to sleep
after waking up without checking whether worker management is
necessary. This means that idle worker exit requests can be ignored
if the gcwq stays empty.
Fix it by making worker_thread() always check whether worker
management is necessary before going to sleep.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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get_work_gcwq() was incorrectly triggering BUG_ON() if cpu number is
equal to or higher than num_possible_cpus() instead of nr_cpu_ids.
Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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When one flusher is cascading to the next flusher, it first sets
wq->first_flusher to the next one and sets up the next flush cycle.
If there's nothing to do for the next cycle, it clears
wq->flush_flusher and proceeds to the one after that.
If the woken up flusher checks wq->first_flusher before it gets
cleared, it will incorrectly assume the role of the first flusher,
which triggers BUG_ON() sanity check.
Fix it by checking wq->first_flusher again after grabbing the mutex.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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worker_set/clr_flags() assume that if none of NOT_RUNNING flags is set
the worker must be contributing to nr_running which is only true if
the worker is actually running.
As when called from self, it is guaranteed that the worker is running,
those functions can be safely used from the worker itself and they
aren't necessary from other places anyway. Make the following changes
to fix the bug.
* Make worker_set/clr_flags() whine if not called from self.
* Convert all places which called those functions from other tasks to
manipulate flags directly.
* Make trustee_thread() directly clear nr_running after setting
WORKER_ROGUE on all workers. This is the only place where
nr_running manipulation is necessary outside of workers themselves.
* While at it, add sanity check for nr_running in worker_enter_idle().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This patch implements cpu intensive workqueue which can be specified
with WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE flag on creation. Works queued to a cpu
intensive workqueue don't participate in concurrency management. IOW,
it doesn't contribute to gcwq->nr_running and thus doesn't delay
excution of other works.
Note that although cpu intensive works won't delay other works, they
can be delayed by other works. Combine with WQ_HIGHPRI to avoid being
delayed by other works too.
As the name suggests this is useful when using workqueue for cpu
intensive works. Workers executing cpu intensive works are not
considered for workqueue concurrency management and left for the
scheduler to manage.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch implements high priority workqueue which can be specified
with WQ_HIGHPRI flag on creation. A high priority workqueue has the
following properties.
* A work queued to it is queued at the head of the worklist of the
respective gcwq after other highpri works, while normal works are
always appended at the end.
* As long as there are highpri works on gcwq->worklist,
[__]need_more_worker() remains %true and process_one_work() wakes up
another worker before it start executing a work.
The above two properties guarantee that works queued to high priority
workqueues are dispatched to workers and start execution as soon as
possible regardless of the state of other works.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Implement the following utility APIs.
workqueue_set_max_active() : adjust max_active of a wq
workqueue_congested() : test whether a wq is contested
work_cpu() : determine the last / current cpu of a work
work_busy() : query whether a work is busy
* Anton Blanchard fixed missing ret initialization in work_busy().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
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This patch makes changes to make new workqueue features available to
its users.
* Now that workqueue is more featureful, there should be a public
workqueue creation function which takes paramters to control them.
Rename __create_workqueue() to alloc_workqueue() and make 0
max_active mean WQ_DFL_ACTIVE. In the long run, all
create_workqueue_*() will be converted over to alloc_workqueue().
* To further unify access interface, rename keventd_wq to system_wq
and export it.
* Add system_long_wq and system_nrt_wq. The former is to host long
running works separately (so that flush_scheduled_work() dosen't
take so long) and the latter guarantees any queued work item is
never executed in parallel by multiple CPUs. These will be used by
future patches to update workqueue users.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Define WQ_MAX_ACTIVE and create keventd with max_active set to half of
it which means that keventd now can process upto WQ_MAX_ACTIVE / 2 - 1
works concurrently. Unless some combination can result in dependency
loop longer than max_active, deadlock won't happen and thus it's
unnecessary to check whether current_is_keventd() before trying to
schedule a work. Kill current_is_keventd().
(Lockdep annotations are broken. We need lock_map_acquire_read_norecurse())
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Instead of creating a worker for each cwq and putting it into the
shared pool, manage per-cpu workers dynamically.
Works aren't supposed to be cpu cycle hogs and maintaining just enough
concurrency to prevent work processing from stalling due to lack of
processing context is optimal. gcwq keeps the number of concurrent
active workers to minimum but no less. As long as there's one or more
running workers on the cpu, no new worker is scheduled so that works
can be processed in batch as much as possible but when the last
running worker blocks, gcwq immediately schedules new worker so that
the cpu doesn't sit idle while there are works to be processed.
gcwq always keeps at least single idle worker around. When a new
worker is necessary and the worker is the last idle one, the worker
assumes the role of "manager" and manages the worker pool -
ie. creates another worker. Forward-progress is guaranteed by having
dedicated rescue workers for workqueues which may be necessary while
creating a new worker. When the manager is having problem creating a
new worker, mayday timer activates and rescue workers are summoned to
the cpu and execute works which might be necessary to create new
workers.
Trustee is expanded to serve the role of manager while a CPU is being
taken down and stays down. As no new works are supposed to be queued
on a dead cpu, it just needs to drain all the existing ones. Trustee
continues to try to create new workers and summon rescuers as long as
there are pending works. If the CPU is brought back up while the
trustee is still trying to drain the gcwq from the previous offlining,
the trustee will kill all idles ones and tell workers which are still
busy to rebind to the cpu, and pass control over to gcwq which assumes
the manager role as necessary.
Concurrency managed worker pool reduces the number of workers
drastically. Only workers which are necessary to keep the processing
going are created and kept. Also, it reduces cache footprint by
avoiding unnecessarily switching contexts between different workers.
Please note that this patch does not increase max_active of any
workqueue. All workqueues can still only process one work per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Implement worker_{set|clr}_flags() to manipulate worker flags. These
are currently simple wrappers but logics to track the current worker
state and the current level of concurrency will be added.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Use gcwq->worklist instead of cwq->worklist and break the strict
association between a cwq and its worker. All works queued on a cpu
are queued on gcwq->worklist and processed by any available worker on
the gcwq.
As there no longer is strict association between a cwq and its worker,
whether a work is executing can now only be determined by calling
[__]find_worker_executing_work().
After this change, the only association between a cwq and its worker
is that a cwq puts a worker into shared worker pool on creation and
kills it on destruction. As all workqueues are still limited to
max_active of one, this means that there are always at least as many
workers as active works and thus there's no danger for deadlock.
The break of strong association between cwqs and workers requires
somewhat clumsy changes to current_is_keventd() and
destroy_workqueue(). Dynamic worker pool management will remove both
clumsy changes. current_is_keventd() won't be necessary at all as the
only reason it exists is to avoid queueing a work from a work which
will be allowed just fine. The clumsy part of destroy_workqueue() is
added because a worker can only be destroyed while idle and there's no
guarantee a worker is idle when its wq is going down. With dynamic
pool management, workers are not associated with workqueues at all and
only idle ones will be submitted to destroy_workqueue() so the code
won't be necessary anymore.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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With gcwq managing all the workers and work->data pointing to the last
gcwq it was on, non-reentrance can be easily implemented by checking
whether the work is still running on the previous gcwq on queueing.
Implement it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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To implement non-reentrant workqueue, the last gcwq a work was
executed on must be reliably obtainable as long as the work structure
is valid even if the previous workqueue has been destroyed.
To achieve this, work->data will be overloaded to carry the last cpu
number once execution starts so that the previous gcwq can be located
reliably. This means that cwq can't be obtained from work after
execution starts but only gcwq.
Implement set_work_{cwq|cpu}(), get_work_[g]cwq() and
clear_work_data() to set work data to the cpu number when starting
execution, access the overloaded work data and clear it after
cancellation.
queue_delayed_work_on() is updated to preserve the last cpu while
in-flight in timer and other callers which depended on getting cwq
from work after execution starts are converted to depend on gcwq
instead.
* Anton Blanchard fixed compile error on powerpc due to missing
linux/threads.h include.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
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Now that all the workers are tracked by gcwq, we can find which worker
is executing a work from gcwq. Implement find_worker_executing_work()
and make worker track its current_cwq so that we can find things the
other way around. This will be used to implement non-reentrant wqs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Reimplement st (single thread) workqueue so that it's friendly to
shared worker pool. It was originally implemented by confining st
workqueues to use cwq of a fixed cpu and always having a worker for
the cpu. This implementation isn't very friendly to shared worker
pool and suboptimal in that it ends up crossing cpu boundaries often.
Reimplement st workqueue using dynamic single cpu binding and
cwq->limit. WQ_SINGLE_THREAD is replaced with WQ_SINGLE_CPU. In a
single cpu workqueue, at most single cwq is bound to the wq at any
given time. Arbitration is done using atomic accesses to
wq->single_cpu when queueing a work. Once bound, the binding stays
till the workqueue is drained.
Note that the binding is never broken while a workqueue is frozen.
This is because idle cwqs may have works waiting in delayed_works
queue while frozen. On thaw, the cwq is restarted if there are any
delayed works or unbound otherwise.
When combined with max_active limit of 1, single cpu workqueue has
exactly the same execution properties as the original single thread
workqueue while allowing sharing of per-cpu workers.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Reimplement CPU hotplugging support using trustee thread. On CPU
down, a trustee thread is created and each step of CPU down is
executed by the trustee and workqueue_cpu_callback() simply drives and
waits for trustee state transitions.
CPU down operation no longer waits for works to be drained but trustee
sticks around till all pending works have been completed. If CPU is
brought back up while works are still draining,
workqueue_cpu_callback() tells trustee to step down and tell workers
to rebind to the cpu.
As it's difficult to tell whether cwqs are empty if it's freezing or
frozen, trustee doesn't consider draining to be complete while a gcwq
is freezing or frozen (tracked by new GCWQ_FREEZING flag). Also,
workers which get unbound from their cpu are marked with WORKER_ROGUE.
Trustee based implementation doesn't bring any new feature at this
point but it will be used to manage worker pool when dynamic shared
worker pool is implemented.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Implement worker states. After created, a worker is STARTED. While a
worker isn't processing a work, it's IDLE and chained on
gcwq->idle_list. While processing a work, a worker is BUSY and
chained on gcwq->busy_hash. Also, gcwq now counts the number of all
workers and idle ones.
worker_thread() is restructured to reflect state transitions.
cwq->more_work is removed and waking up a worker makes it check for
events. A worker is killed by setting DIE flag while it's IDLE and
waking it up.
This gives gcwq better visibility of what's going on and allows it to
find out whether a work is executing quickly which is necessary to
have multiple workers processing the same cwq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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There is one gcwq (global cwq) per each cpu and all cwqs on an cpu
point to it. A gcwq contains a lock to be used by all cwqs on the cpu
and an ida to give IDs to workers belonging to the cpu.
This patch introduces gcwq, moves worker_ida into gcwq and make all
cwqs on the same cpu use the cpu's gcwq->lock instead of separate
locks. gcwq->ida is now protected by gcwq->lock too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Currently, workqueue freezing is implemented by marking the worker
freezeable and calling try_to_freeze() from dispatch loop.
Reimplement it using cwq->limit so that the workqueue is frozen
instead of the worker.
* workqueue_struct->saved_max_active is added which stores the
specified max_active on initialization.
* On freeze, all cwq->max_active's are quenched to zero. Freezing is
complete when nr_active on all cwqs reach zero.
* On thaw, all cwq->max_active's are restored to wq->saved_max_active
and the worklist is repopulated.
This new implementation allows having single shared pool of workers
per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Add cwq->nr_active, cwq->max_active and cwq->delayed_work. nr_active
counts the number of active works per cwq. A work is active if it's
flushable (colored) and is on cwq's worklist. If nr_active reaches
max_active, new works are queued on cwq->delayed_work and activated
later as works on the cwq complete and decrement nr_active.
cwq->max_active can be specified via the new @max_active parameter to
__create_workqueue() and is set to 1 for all workqueues for now. As
each cwq has only single worker now, this double queueing doesn't
cause any behavior difference visible to its users.
This will be used to reimplement freeze/thaw and implement shared
worker pool.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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A work is linked to the next one by having WORK_STRUCT_LINKED bit set
and these links can be chained. When a linked work is dispatched to a
worker, all linked works are dispatched to the worker's newly added
->scheduled queue and processed back-to-back.
Currently, as there's only single worker per cwq, having linked works
doesn't make any visible behavior difference. This change is to
prepare for multiple shared workers per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Separate out worker thread related information to struct worker from
struct cpu_workqueue_struct and implement helper functions to deal
with the new struct worker. The only change which is visible outside
is that now workqueue worker are all named "kworker/CPUID:WORKERID"
where WORKERID is allocated from per-cpu ida.
This is in preparation of concurrency managed workqueue where shared
multiple workers would be available per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Reimplement workqueue flushing using color coded works. wq has the
current work color which is painted on the works being issued via
cwqs. Flushing a workqueue is achieved by advancing the current work
colors of cwqs and waiting for all the works which have any of the
previous colors to drain.
Currently there are 16 possible colors, one is reserved for no color
and 15 colors are useable allowing 14 concurrent flushes. When color
space gets full, flush attempts are batched up and processed together
when color frees up, so even with many concurrent flushers, the new
implementation won't build up huge queue of flushers which has to be
processed one after another.
Only works which are queued via __queue_work() are colored. Works
which are directly put on queue using insert_work() use NO_COLOR and
don't participate in workqueue flushing. Currently only works used
for work-specific flush fall in this category.
This new implementation leaves only cleanup_workqueue_thread() as the
user of flush_cpu_workqueue(). Just make its users use
flush_workqueue() and kthread_stop() directly and kill
cleanup_workqueue_thread(). As workqueue flushing doesn't use barrier
request anymore, the comment describing the complex synchronization
around it in cleanup_workqueue_thread() is removed together with the
function.
This new implementation is to allow having and sharing multiple
workers per cpu.
Please note that one more bit is reserved for a future work flag by
this patch. This is to avoid shifting bits and updating comments
later.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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work->data field is used for two purposes. It points to cwq it's
queued on and the lower bits are used for flags. Currently, two bits
are reserved which is always safe as 4 byte alignment is guaranteed on
every architecture. However, future changes will need more flag bits.
On SMP, the percpu allocator is capable of honoring larger alignment
(there are other users which depend on it) and larger alignment works
just fine. On UP, percpu allocator is a thin wrapper around
kzalloc/kfree() and don't honor alignment request.
This patch introduces WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_BITS and implements
alloc/free_cwqs() which guarantees max(1 << WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_BITS,
__alignof__(unsigned long long) alignment both on SMP and UP. On SMP,
simply wrapping percpu allocator is enough. On UP, extra space is
allocated so that cwq can be aligned and the original pointer can be
stored after it which is used in the free path.
* Alignment problem on UP is reported by Michal Simek.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@petalogix.com>
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Worker management is about to be overhauled. Simplify things by
removing cpu_populated_map, creating workers for all possible cpus and
making single threaded workqueues behave more like multi threaded
ones.
After this patch, all cwqs are always initialized, all workqueues are
linked on the workqueues list and workers for all possibles cpus
always exist. This also makes CPU hotplug support simpler - checking
->cpus_allowed before processing works in worker_thread() and flushing
cwqs on CPU_POST_DEAD are enough.
While at it, make get_cwq() always return the cwq for the specified
cpu, add target_cwq() for cases where single thread distinction is
necessary and drop all direct usage of per_cpu_ptr() on wq->cpu_wq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Strip tracing code from workqueue and remove workqueue tracing. This
is temporary measure till concurrency managed workqueue is complete.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
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Separate out process_one_work() out of run_workqueue(). This patch
doesn't cause any behavior change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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