| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age |
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This helps protect us from overflow issues down in the
individual protocol sendmsg/recvmsg handlers. Once
we hit INT_MAX we truncate out the rest of the iovec
by setting the iov_len members to zero.
This works because:
1) For SOCK_STREAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets, partial
writes are allowed and the application will just continue
with another write to send the rest of the data.
2) For datagram oriented sockets, where there must be a
one-to-one correspondance between write() calls and
packets on the wire, INT_MAX is going to be far larger
than the packet size limit the protocol is going to
check for and signal with -EMSGSIZE.
Based upon a patch by Linus Torvalds.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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A couple of functions in socket.c are only used there and
should be localized.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Fixes kernel bugzilla #16603
tcp_sendmsg() truncates iov_len to an 'int' which a 4GB write to write
zero bytes, for example.
There is also the problem higher up of how verify_iovec() works. It
wants to prevent the total length from looking like an error return
value.
However it does this using 'int', but syscalls return 'long' (and
thus signed 64-bit on 64-bit machines). So it could trigger
false-positives on 64-bit as written. So fix it to use 'long'.
Reported-by: Olaf Bonorden <bono@onlinehome.de>
Reported-by: Daniel Büse <dbuese@gmx.de>
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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To keep the coming code clear and to allow both the sock
code and the scm code to share the logic introduce a
fuction to translate from struct cred to struct ucred.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6
Conflicts:
drivers/net/bonding/bond_main.c
drivers/net/via-velocity.c
drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl-agn.c
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Add new flag MSG_WAITFORONE for the recvmmsg() syscall.
When this flag is specified for a blocking socket, recvmmsg()
will only block until at least 1 packet is available. The
default behavior is to block until all vlen packets are
available. This flag has no effect on non-blocking sockets
or when used in combination with MSG_DONTWAIT.
Signed-off-by: Brandon L Black <blblack@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Add CAIF definitions to existing header files.
Files: if_arp.h, if_ether.h, socket.h.
Types: ARPHRD_CAIF, ETH_P_CAIF, AF_CAIF, PF_CAIF, SOL_CAIF, N_CAIF
Signed-off-by: Sjur Braendeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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proto_ops->getname implies copying protocol specific data
into storage unit (particulary to __kernel_sockaddr_storage).
So when we implement new protocol support we should keep such
a detail in mind (which is easy to forget about).
Lets introduce DECLARE_SOCKADDR helper which check if
storage unit is not overfowed at build time.
Eventually inet_getname is switched to use DECLARE_SOCKADDR
(to show example of usage).
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Meaning receive multiple messages, reducing the number of syscalls and
net stack entry/exit operations.
Next patches will introduce mechanisms where protocols that want to
optimize this operation will provide an unlocked_recvmsg operation.
This takes into account comments made by:
. Paul Moore: sock_recvmsg is called only for the first datagram,
sock_recvmsg_nosec is used for the rest.
. Caitlin Bestler: recvmmsg now has a struct timespec timeout, that
works in the same fashion as the ppoll one.
If the underlying protocol returns a datagram with MSG_OOB set, this
will make recvmmsg return right away with as many datagrams (+ the OOB
one) it has received so far.
. Rémi Denis-Courmont & Steven Whitehouse: If we receive N < vlen
datagrams and then recvmsg returns an error, recvmmsg will return
the successfully received datagrams, store the error and return it
in the next call.
This paves the way for a subsequent optimization, sk_prot->unlocked_recvmsg,
where we will be able to acquire the lock only at batch start and end, not at
every underlying recvmsg call.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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The following user-space program fails to compile:
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int main() { return 0; }
The reason is that <linux/socket.h> tests __GLIBC__ to decide whether it
should define various structures and macros that are now defined for
user-space by <sys/socket.h>, but __GLIBC__ is not defined if no libc
headers have yet been included.
It seems safe to drop support for libc 5 now.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Bastian Blank <waldi@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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IEEE 802.15.4 stack requires several constants to be defined/adjusted.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Lapin <slapin@ossfans.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Provide the socket operations getsocktopt() and setsockopt() to enable/disable
sending of data in the parameter list of IUCV messages.
The patch sets respective flag only.
Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ursula Braun <ursula.braun@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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aio_write gets const struct iovec * but tun_chr_aio_write casts this to struct
iovec * and modifies the iovec. As a result, attempts to use io_submit
to send packets to a tun device fail with weird errors such as EINVAL.
Since tun is the only user of skb_copy_datagram_from_iovec, we can
fix this simply by changing the later so that it does not
touch the iovec passed to it.
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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There's an skb_copy_datagram_iovec() to copy out of a paged skb,
but it modifies the iovec, and does not support starting
at an offset in the destination. We want both in tun.c, so let's
add the function.
It's a carbon copy of skb_copy_datagram_iovec() with enough changes to
be annoying.
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'header-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (50 commits)
x86: headers cleanup - setup.h
emu101k1.h: fix duplicate include of <linux/types.h>
compiler-gcc4: conditionalize #error on __KERNEL__
remove __KERNEL_STRICT_NAMES
make netfilter use strict integer types
make drm headers use strict integer types
make MTD headers use strict integer types
make most exported headers use strict integer types
make exported headers use strict posix types
unconditionally include asm/types.h from linux/types.h
make linux/types.h as assembly safe
Neither asm/types.h nor linux/types.h is required for arch/ia64/include/asm/fpu.h
headers_check fix cleanup: linux/reiserfs_fs.h
headers_check fix cleanup: linux/nubus.h
headers_check fix cleanup: linux/coda_psdev.h
headers_check fix: x86, setup.h
headers_check fix: x86, prctl.h
headers_check fix: linux/reinserfs_fs.h
headers_check fix: linux/socket.h
headers_check fix: linux/nubus.h
...
Manually fix trivial conflicts in:
include/linux/netfilter/xt_limit.h
include/linux/netfilter/xt_statistic.h
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fix the following 'make headers_check' warning:
usr/include/linux/socket.h:29: extern's make no sense in userspace
Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
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RDS is a reliable datagram protocol used for IPC on Oracle
database clusters. This adds address and protocol family numbers
for it.
Signed-off-by: Andy Grover <andy.grover@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: Rémi Denis-Courmont <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: Remi Denis-Courmont <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Define the address and protocol family value for mISDN.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
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Use sockaddr_storage{} for generic socket address storage
and ensures proper alignment.
Use sockaddr{} for pointers to omit several casts.
Signed-off-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Just move the variable on the struct net and adjust
its usage.
Others sysctls from sys.net.core table are more
difficult to virtualize (i.e. make them per-namespace),
but I'll look at them as well a bit later.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@oenvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This patch adds a protocol/address family number, ARP hardware type,
ethernet packet type, and a line discipline number for the SocketCAN
implementation.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Hartkopp <oliver.hartkopp@volkswagen.de>
Signed-off-by: Urs Thuermann <urs.thuermann@volkswagen.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Assign the next free socket options level to be used by the Bluetooth
protocol and address family.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
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Part two in the O_CLOEXEC saga: adding support for file descriptors received
through Unix domain sockets.
The patch is once again pretty minimal, it introduces a new flag for recvmsg
and passes it just like the existing MSG_CMSG_COMPAT flag. I think this bit
is not used otherwise but the networking people will know better.
This new flag is not recognized by recvfrom and recv. These functions cannot
be used for that purpose and the asymmetry this introduces is not worse than
the already existing MSG_CMSG_COMPAT situations.
The patch must be applied on the patch which introduced O_CLOEXEC. It has to
remove static from the new get_unused_fd_flags function but since scm.c cannot
live in a module the function still hasn't to be exported.
Here's a test program to make sure the code works. It's so much longer than
the actual patch...
#include <errno.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
# define O_CLOEXEC 02000000
#endif
#ifndef MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
# define MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC 0x40000000
#endif
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc > 1)
{
int fd = atol (argv[1]);
printf ("child: fd = %d\n", fd);
if (fcntl (fd, F_GETFD) == 0 || errno != EBADF)
{
puts ("file descriptor valid in child");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
struct sockaddr_un sun;
strcpy (sun.sun_path, "./testsocket");
sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
char databuf[] = "hello";
struct iovec iov[1];
iov[0].iov_base = databuf;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof (databuf);
union
{
struct cmsghdr hdr;
char bytes[CMSG_SPACE (sizeof (int))];
} buf;
struct msghdr msg = { .msg_iov = iov, .msg_iovlen = 1,
.msg_control = buf.bytes,
.msg_controllen = sizeof (buf) };
struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR (&msg);
cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN (sizeof (int));
msg.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
pid_t child = fork ();
if (child == -1)
error (1, errno, "fork");
if (child == 0)
{
int sock = socket (PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
error (1, errno, "socket");
if (bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &sun, sizeof (sun)) < 0)
error (1, errno, "bind");
if (listen (sock, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
error (1, errno, "listen");
int conn = accept (sock, NULL, NULL);
if (conn == -1)
error (1, errno, "accept");
*(int *) CMSG_DATA (cmsg) = sock;
if (sendmsg (conn, &msg, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
error (1, errno, "sendmsg");
return 0;
}
/* For a test suite this should be more robust like a
barrier in shared memory. */
sleep (1);
int sock = socket (PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
error (1, errno, "socket");
if (connect (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &sun, sizeof (sun)) < 0)
error (1, errno, "connect");
unlink (sun.sun_path);
*(int *) CMSG_DATA (cmsg) = -1;
if (recvmsg (sock, &msg, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
error (1, errno, "recvmsg");
int fd = *(int *) CMSG_DATA (cmsg);
if (fd == -1)
error (1, 0, "no descriptor received");
char fdname[20];
snprintf (fdname, sizeof (fdname), "%d", fd);
execl ("/proc/self/exe", argv[0], fdname, NULL);
puts ("execl failed");
return 1;
}
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Fix fastcall inconsistency noted by Michael Buesch]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add struct sockaddr_pppol2tp to carry L2TP-specific address
information for the PPPoX (PPPoL2TP) socket. Unfortunately we can't
use the union inside struct sockaddr_pppox because the L2TP-specific
data is larger than the current size of the union and we must preserve
the size of struct sockaddr_pppox for binary compatibility.
Also add a PPPIOCGL2TPSTATS ioctl to allow userspace to obtain
L2TP counters and state from the kernel.
Add new if_pppol2tp.h header.
[ Modified to use aligned_u64 in statistics structure -DaveM ]
Signed-off-by: James Chapman <jchapman@katalix.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Provide AF_RXRPC sockets that can be used to talk to AFS servers, or serve
answers to AFS clients. KerberosIV security is fully supported. The patches
and some example test programs can be found in:
http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/
This will eventually replace the old implementation of kernel-only RxRPC
currently resident in net/rxrpc/.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This reverts 57a87bb0720a5cf7a9ece49a8c8ed288398fd1bb.
As H. Peter Anvin states, this change broke klibc and it's
not very easy to fix things up without duplicating everything
into userspace.
In the longer term we should have a better solution to this
problem, but for now let's unbreak things.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Userspace should be worrying about userspace, so having the socket.h
and stat.h pollute the namespace in the non-glibc case is wrong and
pretty much prevents any other libc from utilizing these headers
sanely unless they set up the __GLIBC__ define themselves (which
sucks)
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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From: Jennifer Hunt <jenhunt@us.ibm.com>
This patch adds AF_IUCV socket support.
Signed-off-by: Frank Pavlic <fpavlic@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This is a revision of the previously submitted patch, which alters
the way files are organized and compiled in the following manner:
* UDP and UDP-Lite now use separate object files
* source file dependencies resolved via header files
net/ipv{4,6}/udp_impl.h
* order of inclusion files in udp.c/udplite.c adapted
accordingly
[NET/IPv4]: Support for the UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828)
This patch adds support for UDP-Lite to the IPv4 stack, provided as an
extension to the existing UDPv4 code:
* generic routines are all located in net/ipv4/udp.c
* UDP-Lite specific routines are in net/ipv4/udplite.c
* MIB/statistics support in /proc/net/snmp and /proc/net/udplite
* shared API with extensions for partial checksum coverage
[NET/IPv6]: Extension for UDP-Lite over IPv6
It extends the existing UDPv6 code base with support for UDP-Lite
in the same manner as per UDPv4. In particular,
* UDPv6 generic and shared code is in net/ipv6/udp.c
* UDP-Litev6 specific extensions are in net/ipv6/udplite.c
* MIB/statistics support in /proc/net/snmp6 and /proc/net/udplite6
* support for IPV6_ADDRFORM
* aligned the coding style of protocol initialisation with af_inet6.c
* made the error handling in udpv6_queue_rcv_skb consistent;
to return `-1' on error on all error cases
* consolidation of shared code
[NET]: UDP-Lite Documentation and basic XFRM/Netfilter support
The UDP-Lite patch further provides
* API documentation for UDP-Lite
* basic xfrm support
* basic netfilter support for IPv4 and IPv6 (LOG target)
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
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This patch implements an application of the LSM-IPSec networking
controls whereby an application can determine the label of the
security association its TCP or UDP sockets are currently connected to
via getsockopt and the auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg.
Patch purpose:
This patch enables a security-aware application to retrieve the
security context of an IPSec security association a particular TCP or
UDP socket is using. The application can then use this security
context to determine the security context for processing on behalf of
the peer at the other end of this connection. In the case of UDP, the
security context is for each individual packet. An example
application is the inetd daemon, which could be modified to start
daemons running at security contexts dependent on the remote client.
Patch design approach:
- Design for TCP
The patch enables the SELinux LSM to set the peer security context for
a socket based on the security context of the IPSec security
association. The application may retrieve this context using
getsockopt. When called, the kernel determines if the socket is a
connected (TCP_ESTABLISHED) TCP socket and, if so, uses the dst_entry
cache on the socket to retrieve the security associations. If a
security association has a security context, the context string is
returned, as for UNIX domain sockets.
- Design for UDP
Unlike TCP, UDP is connectionless. This requires a somewhat different
API to retrieve the peer security context. With TCP, the peer
security context stays the same throughout the connection, thus it can
be retrieved at any time between when the connection is established
and when it is torn down. With UDP, each read/write can have
different peer and thus the security context might change every time.
As a result the security context retrieval must be done TOGETHER with
the packet retrieval.
The solution is to build upon the existing Unix domain socket API for
retrieving user credentials. Linux offers the API for obtaining user
credentials via ancillary messages (i.e., out of band/control messages
that are bundled together with a normal message).
Patch implementation details:
- Implementation for TCP
The security context can be retrieved by applications using getsockopt
with the existing SO_PEERSEC flag. As an example (ignoring error
checking):
getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, optbuf, &optlen);
printf("Socket peer context is: %s\n", optbuf);
The SELinux function, selinux_socket_getpeersec, is extended to check
for labeled security associations for connected (TCP_ESTABLISHED ==
sk->sk_state) TCP sockets only. If so, the socket has a dst_cache of
struct dst_entry values that may refer to security associations. If
these have security associations with security contexts, the security
context is returned.
getsockopt returns a buffer that contains a security context string or
the buffer is unmodified.
- Implementation for UDP
To retrieve the security context, the application first indicates to
the kernel such desire by setting the IP_PASSSEC option via
getsockopt. Then the application retrieves the security context using
the auxiliary data mechanism.
An example server application for UDP should look like this:
toggle = 1;
toggle_len = sizeof(toggle);
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_IP, IP_PASSSEC, &toggle, &toggle_len);
recvmsg(sockfd, &msg_hdr, 0);
if (msg_hdr.msg_controllen > sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) {
cmsg_hdr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg_hdr);
if (cmsg_hdr->cmsg_len <= CMSG_LEN(sizeof(scontext)) &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_level == SOL_IP &&
cmsg_hdr->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
memcpy(&scontext, CMSG_DATA(cmsg_hdr), sizeof(scontext));
}
}
ip_setsockopt is enhanced with a new socket option IP_PASSSEC to allow
a server socket to receive security context of the peer. A new
ancillary message type SCM_SECURITY.
When the packet is received we get the security context from the
sec_path pointer which is contained in the sk_buff, and copy it to the
ancillary message space. An additional LSM hook,
selinux_socket_getpeersec_udp, is defined to retrieve the security
context from the SELinux space. The existing function,
selinux_socket_getpeersec does not suit our purpose, because the
security context is copied directly to user space, rather than to
kernel space.
Testing:
We have tested the patch by setting up TCP and UDP connections between
applications on two machines using the IPSec policies that result in
labeled security associations being built. For TCP, we can then
extract the peer security context using getsockopt on either end. For
UDP, the receiving end can retrieve the security context using the
auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg.
Signed-off-by: Catherine Zhang <cxzhang@watson.ibm.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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TIPC (Transparent Inter Process Communication) is a protocol designed for
intra cluster communication. For more information see
http://tipc.sourceforge.net
Signed-off-by: Per Liden <per.liden@nospam.ericsson.com>
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sock_init can be done as a core_initcall instead of calling
it directly in init/main.c
Also I removed an out of date #ifdef.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Of this type, mostly:
CHECK net/ipv6/netfilter.c
net/ipv6/netfilter.c:96:12: warning: symbol 'ipv6_netfilter_init' was not declared. Should it be static?
net/ipv6/netfilter.c:101:6: warning: symbol 'ipv6_netfilter_fini' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP/NETLINK_DROP_MEMBERSHIP are used to join/leave
groups, NETLINK_PKTINFO is used to enable nl_pktinfo control messages
for received packets to get the extended destination group number.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Development to this point was done on a subversion repository at:
http://oops.ghostprotocols.net:81/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/dccp-2.6/
This repository will be kept at this site for the foreseable future,
so that interested parties can see the history of this code,
attributions, etc.
If I ever decide to take this offline I'll provide the full history at
some other suitable place.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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