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* [PATCH] mutex subsystem, add default include/asm-*/mutex.h filesArjan van de Ven2006-01-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | add the per-arch mutex.h files for the remaining architectures. We default to asm-generic/mutex-dec.h, because that performs quite well on most arches. Arches that do not have atomic decrement/increment instructions should switch to mutex-xchg.h instead. Arches can also provide their own implementation for the mutex fastpath primitives. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* [PATCH] remove gcc-2 checksAndrew Morton2006-01-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove various things which were checking for gcc-1.x and gcc-2.x compilers. From: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Some documentation updates and removes some code paths for gcc < 3.2. Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] consolidate asm/futex.hJeff Dike2006-01-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Most of the architectures have the same asm/futex.h. This consolidates them into asm-generic, with the arches including it from their own asm/futex.h. In the case of UML, this reverts the old broken futex.h and goes back to using the same one as almost everyone else. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Kill L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAXRavikiran G Thirumalai2006-01-08
| | | | | | | | | | | Kill L1_CACHE_SHIFT from all arches. Since L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAX is not used anymore with the introduction of INTERNODE_CACHE, kill L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAX. Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org> Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: eliminate anonymous union and clean up symlink lossageJeff Dike2005-11-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | This gives a name to the anonymous union introduced in skas-hold-own-ldt, allowing to build on a wider range of gccs. It also removes ldt.h, which somehow became real, and replaces it with a symlink, and creates ldt-x86_64.h as a copy of ldt-i386.h for now. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: maintain own LDT entriesBodo Stroesser2005-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Patch imlements full LDT handling in SKAS: * UML holds it's own LDT table, used to deliver data on modify_ldt(READ) * UML disables the default_ldt, inherited from the host (SKAS3) or resets LDT entries, set by host's clib and inherited in SKAS0 * A new global variable skas_needs_stub is inserted, that can be used to decide, whether stub-pages must be supported or not. * Uses the syscall-stub to replace missing PTRACE_LDT (therefore, write_ldt_entry needs to be modified) Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: switch_mm fixBen Lahaise2005-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Not quite, something along the lines of the patch below works correctly (and makes aio performance not suffer from multiple second delays), as skas0 mode correctly switches mm contexts, unlike TT (which should probably get nuked from the kernel now that skas0 seems to be working). Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: remove old UM_FASTCALL, and make the thing work againPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-10-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | This was used in the old dark age of 2.4, ARCH_CFLAGS doesn't work any more since some time, and UM_FASTCALL was never used in 2.6. Instead, reintroduce the thing more properly now, directly in include/asm-um/linkage.h. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: reuse i386 cpu-specific tuningPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-10-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make UML share the underlying cpu-specific tuning done on i386. Actually, for now many config options aren't used a lot - but that can be done later. Also, UML relies on GCC optimization for things like memcpy and such more than i386, so specifying the correct -march and -mtune should be enough. Later, we may want to correct some other stuff. For instance, since FPU context switching, for us, is done (at least partially, i.e. between our kernelspace and userspace) by the host, we may allow usage of FPU operations by GCC. This doesn't hold for kernelspace vs. kernelspace, but we don't support preemption. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] mm: pte_offset_map_lock loopsHugh Dickins2005-10-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Convert those common loops using page_table_lock on the outside and pte_offset_map within to use just pte_offset_map_lock within instead. These all hold mmap_sem (some exclusively, some not), so at no level can a page table be whipped away from beneath them. But whereas pte_alloc loops tested with the "atomic" pmd_present, these loops are testing with pmd_none, which on i386 PAE tests both lower and upper halves. That's now unsafe, so add a cast into pmd_none to test only the vital lower half: we lose a little sensitivity to a corrupt middle directory, but not enough to worry about. It appears that i386 and UML were the only architectures vulnerable in this way, and pgd and pud no problem. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] gfp_t: remaining bits of arch/*Al Viro2005-10-28
| | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] gfp_t: dma-mapping (simple cases)Al Viro2005-10-28
| | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: Fix sysrq-r support for skas modeAllan Graves2005-10-04
| | | | | | | | | | | The old code had the IP and SP coming from the registers in the thread struct, which are completely wrong since those are the userspace registers. This fixes that by pulling the correct values from the jmp_buf in which the kernel state of each thread is stored. Signed-off-by: Allan Graves <allan.graves@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml get_user() NULL noise removalAl Viro2005-09-30
| | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: don't redundantly mark pte as newpage in pte_modifyPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-09-23
| | | | | | | | | | pte_modify marks a page as needing flush, which is redundant because the resulting PTE is still set with set_pte, which already handles that. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: adapt asm/futex.h to our archPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-09-21
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Follow up to 4732efbeb997189d9f9b04708dc26bf8613ed721 - uml must just reuse as-is the backing architecture support. There is a micro-fixup is needed for the included file, which won't affect i386 behaviour at all. I've not tested compilation on x86_64, only on x86, but the code is almost the same except the culprit test, so everything should be ok on x86_64 too. Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: UML/i386 cmpxchg fixJeff Dike2005-09-17
| | | | | | | | Using native cmpxchg offers a slight performance improvement in uml/i386. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: breakpoint an arbitrary threadJeff Dike2005-09-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch implements a stack trace for a thread, not unlike sysrq-t does. The advantage to this is that a break point can be placed on showreqs, so that upon showing the stack, you jump immediately into the debugger. While sysrq-t does the same thing, sysrq-t shows *all* threads stacks. It also doesn't work right now. In the future, I thought it might be acceptable to make this show all pids stacks, but perhaps leaving well enough alone and just using sysrq-t would be okay. For now, upon receiving the stack command, UML switches context to that thread, dumps its registers, and then switches context back to the original thread. Since UML compacts all threads into one of 4 host threads, this sort of mechanism could be expanded in the future to include other debugging helpers that sysrq does not cover. Note by jdike - The main benefit to this is that it brings an arbitrary thread back into context, where it can be examined by gdb. The fact that it dumps it stack is secondary. This provides the capability to examine a sleeping thread, which has existed in tt mode, but not in skas mode until now. Also, the other threads, that sysrq doesn't cover, can be gdb-ed directly anyway. Signed-off-by: Allan Graves<allan.graves@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml spinlock breakageAl Viro2005-09-10
| | | | | | | mingo missed that one... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: inline mk_pte and various friendsPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-09-10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Turns out that, for UML, a *lot* of VM-related trivial functions are not inlined but rather normal functions. In other sections of UML code, this is justified by having files which interact with the host and cannot therefore include kernel headers, but in this case there's no such justification. I've had to turn many of them to macros because of missing declarations. While doing this, I've decided to reuse some already existing macros. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] remove asm-*/hdreg.hChristoph Hellwig2005-09-07
| | | | | | | | unused and useless.. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] auxiliary vector cleanupsH. J. Lu2005-09-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | The size of auxiliary vector is fixed at 42 in linux/sched.h. But it isn't very obvious when looking at linux/elf.h. This patch adds AT_VECTOR_SIZE so that we can change it if necessary when a new vector is added. Because of include file ordering problems, doing this necessitated the extraction of the AT_* symbols into a standalone header file. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FUTEX_WAKE_OP: pthread_cond_signal() speedupJakub Jelinek2005-09-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ATM pthread_cond_signal is unnecessarily slow, because it wakes one waiter (which at least on UP usually means an immediate context switch to one of the waiter threads). This waiter wakes up and after a few instructions it attempts to acquire the cv internal lock, but that lock is still held by the thread calling pthread_cond_signal. So it goes to sleep and eventually the signalling thread is scheduled in, unlocks the internal lock and wakes the waiter again. Now, before 2003-09-21 NPTL was using FUTEX_REQUEUE in pthread_cond_signal to avoid this performance issue, but it was removed when locks were redesigned to the 3 state scheme (unlocked, locked uncontended, locked contended). Following scenario shows why simply using FUTEX_REQUEUE in pthread_cond_signal together with using lll_mutex_unlock_force in place of lll_mutex_unlock is not enough and probably why it has been disabled at that time: The number is value in cv->__data.__lock. thr1 thr2 thr3 0 pthread_cond_wait 1 lll_mutex_lock (cv->__data.__lock) 0 lll_mutex_unlock (cv->__data.__lock) 0 lll_futex_wait (&cv->__data.__futex, futexval) 0 pthread_cond_signal 1 lll_mutex_lock (cv->__data.__lock) 1 pthread_cond_signal 2 lll_mutex_lock (cv->__data.__lock) 2 lll_futex_wait (&cv->__data.__lock, 2) 2 lll_futex_requeue (&cv->__data.__futex, 0, 1, &cv->__data.__lock) # FUTEX_REQUEUE, not FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE 2 lll_mutex_unlock_force (cv->__data.__lock) 0 cv->__data.__lock = 0 0 lll_futex_wake (&cv->__data.__lock, 1) 1 lll_mutex_lock (cv->__data.__lock) 0 lll_mutex_unlock (cv->__data.__lock) # Here, lll_mutex_unlock doesn't know there are threads waiting # on the internal cv's lock Now, I believe it is possible to use FUTEX_REQUEUE in pthread_cond_signal, but it will cost us not one, but 2 extra syscalls and, what's worse, one of these extra syscalls will be done for every single waiting loop in pthread_cond_*wait. We would need to use lll_mutex_unlock_force in pthread_cond_signal after requeue and lll_mutex_cond_lock in pthread_cond_*wait after lll_futex_wait. Another alternative is to do the unlocking pthread_cond_signal needs to do (the lock can't be unlocked before lll_futex_wake, as that is racy) in the kernel. I have implemented both variants, futex-requeue-glibc.patch is the first one and futex-wake_op{,-glibc}.patch is the unlocking inside of the kernel. The kernel interface allows userland to specify how exactly an unlocking operation should look like (some atomic arithmetic operation with optional constant argument and comparison of the previous futex value with another constant). It has been implemented just for ppc*, x86_64 and i?86, for other architectures I'm including just a stub header which can be used as a starting point by maintainers to write support for their arches and ATM will just return -ENOSYS for FUTEX_WAKE_OP. The requeue patch has been (lightly) tested just on x86_64, the wake_op patch on ppc64 kernel running 32-bit and 64-bit NPTL and x86_64 kernel running 32-bit and 64-bit NPTL. With the following benchmark on UP x86-64 I get: for i in nptl-orig nptl-requeue nptl-wake_op; do echo time elf/ld.so --library-path .:$i /tmp/bench; \ for j in 1 2; do echo ( time elf/ld.so --library-path .:$i /tmp/bench ) 2>&1; done; done time elf/ld.so --library-path .:nptl-orig /tmp/bench real 0m0.655s user 0m0.253s sys 0m0.403s real 0m0.657s user 0m0.269s sys 0m0.388s time elf/ld.so --library-path .:nptl-requeue /tmp/bench real 0m0.496s user 0m0.225s sys 0m0.271s real 0m0.531s user 0m0.242s sys 0m0.288s time elf/ld.so --library-path .:nptl-wake_op /tmp/bench real 0m0.380s user 0m0.176s sys 0m0.204s real 0m0.382s user 0m0.175s sys 0m0.207s The benchmark is at: http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2005-03/txt00001.txt Older futex-requeue-glibc.patch version is at: http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2005-03/txt00002.txt Older futex-wake_op-glibc.patch version is at: http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2005-03/txt00003.txt Will post a new version (just x86-64 fixes so that the patch applies against pthread_cond_signal.S) to libc-hacker ml soon. Attached is the kernel FUTEX_WAKE_OP patch as well as a simple-minded testcase that will not test the atomicity of the operation, but at least check if the threads that should have been woken up are woken up and whether the arithmetic operation in the kernel gave the expected results. Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Cc: Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Yoichi Yuasa <yuasa@hh.iij4u.or.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: fix x86_64 page leakJeff Dike2005-09-05
| | | | | | | | We were leaking pmd pages when 3_LEVEL_PGTABLES was enabled. This fixes that. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: merge duplicated page table codeJeff Dike2005-09-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is a lot of code which is duplicated between the 2 and 3 level implementation, with the only difference that the 3-level implementation is a bit more generalized (instead of accessing directly pte_t.pte, it uses the appropriate access macros). So this code is joined together. As obvious, a "core code nice cleanup" is not a "stability-friendly patch" so usual care applies. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: fixes performance regression in activate_mm and thus exec()Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-09-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Normally, activate_mm() is called from exec(), and thus it used to be a no-op because we use a completely new "MM context" on the host (for instance, a new process), and so we didn't need to flush any "TLB entries" (which for us are the set of memory mappings for the host process from the virtual "RAM" file). Kernel threads, instead, are usually handled in a different way. So, when for AIO we call use_mm(), things used to break and so Benjamin implemented activate_mm(). However, that is only needed for AIO, and could slow down exec() inside UML, so be smart: detect being called for AIO (via PF_BORROWED_MM) and do the full flush only in that situation. Comment also the caller so that people won't go breaking UML without noticing. I also rely on the caller's locks for testing current->flags. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> CC: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] mm: correct _PAGE_FILE commentPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-09-05
| | | | | | | | | | | _PAGE_FILE does not indicate whether a file is in page / swap cache, it is set just for non-linear PTE's. Correct the comment for i386, x86_64, UML. Also clearify _PAGE_NONE. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] mm: consolidate get_orderStephen Rothwell2005-09-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | Someone mentioned that almost all the architectures used basically the same implementation of get_order. This patch consolidates them into asm-generic/page.h and includes that in the appropriate places. The exceptions are ia64 and ppc which have their own (presumably optimised) versions. Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* um: fix __pa/__va macro expansion problemLinus Torvalds2005-08-15
| | | | | Proper parentheses around arguments needed, especially as the macros use a high-precedence cast operator on the argument.
* [PATCH] uml: vm86 compile fixJeff Dike2005-07-29
| | | | | | | | | | | We added an include of asm/vm86.h in include/asm-i386/ptrace.h. Since UML includes the underlying arch's ptrace.h, it needs an asm/vm86.h in order to build. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Add emergency_restart()Eric W. Biederman2005-07-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When the kernel is working well and we want to restart cleanly kernel_restart is the function to use. But in many instances the kernel wants to reboot when thing are expected to be working very badly such as from panic or a software watchdog handler. This patch adds the function emergency_restart() so that callers can be clear what semantics they expect when calling restart. emergency_restart() is expected to be callable from interrupt context and possibly reliable in even more trying circumstances. This is an initial generic implementation for all architectures. Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: consolidate modify_ldtPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-07-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | *) Reorganize the two cases of sys_modify_ldt to share all the reasonably common code. *) Avoid memory allocation when unneeded (i.e. when we are writing and the passed buffer size is known), thus not returning ENOMEM (which isn't allowed for this syscall, even if there is no strict "specification"). *) Add copy_{from,to}_user to modify_ldt for TT mode. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: tlb flushing fixBenjamin LaHaise2005-07-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch fixes a fairly serious tlb flushing bug that makes aio use under uml very unreliable -- SEGVs, Oops and panic()s occur as a result of stale tlb entires being used by uml when aio switches mms due to the fact that uml does not implement the activate_mm() hook. This patch introduces a simple but correct approach (read: hammer) for implementing activate_mm() in uml by doing a force_flush_all() if the new mm is different from old. With this patch in place, uml is able to succeed at the aio test case that was randomly faulting for me before. Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: skas0 - separate kernel address space on stock hostsJeff Dike2005-07-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UML has had two modes of operation - an insecure, slow mode (tt mode) in which the kernel is mapped into every process address space which requires no host kernel modifications, and a secure, faster mode (skas mode) in which the UML kernel is in a separate host address space, which requires a patch to the host kernel. This patch implements something very close to skas mode for hosts which don't support skas - I'm calling this skas0. It provides the security of the skas host patch, and some of the performance gains. The two main things that are provided by the skas patch, /proc/mm and PTRACE_FAULTINFO, are implemented in a way that require no host patch. For the remote address space changing stuff (mmap, munmap, and mprotect), we set aside two pages in the process above its stack, one of which contains a little bit of code which can call mmap et al. To update the address space, the system call information (system call number and arguments) are written to the stub page above the code. The %esp is set to the beginning of the data, the %eip is set the the start of the stub, and it repeatedly pops the information into its registers and makes the system call until it sees a system call number of zero. This is to amortize the cost of the context switch across multiple address space updates. When the updates are done, it SIGSTOPs itself, and the kernel process continues what it was doing. For a PTRACE_FAULTINFO replacement, we set up a SIGSEGV handler in the child, and let it handle segfaults rather than nullifying them. The handler is in the same page as the mmap stub. The second page is used as the stack. The handler reads cr2 and err from the sigcontext, sticks them at the base of the stack in a faultinfo struct, and SIGSTOPs itself. The kernel then reads the faultinfo and handles the fault. A complication on x86_64 is that this involves resetting the registers to the segfault values when the process is inside the kill system call. This breaks on x86_64 because %rcx will contain %rip because you tell SYSRET where to return to by putting the value in %rcx. So, this corrupts $rcx on return from the segfault. To work around this, I added an arch_finish_segv, which on x86 does nothing, but which on x86_64 ptraces the child back through the sigreturn. This causes %rcx to be restored by sigreturn and avoids the corruption. Ultimately, I think I will replace this with the trick of having it send itself a blocked signal which will be unblocked by the sigreturn. This will allow it to be stopped just after the sigreturn, and PTRACE_SYSCALLed without all the back-and-forth of PTRACE_SYSCALLing it through sigreturn. This runs on a stock host, so theoretically (and hopefully), tt mode isn't needed any more. We need to make sure that this is better in every way than tt mode, though. I'm concerned about the speed of address space updates and page fault handling, since they involve extra round-trips to the child. We can amortize the round-trip cost for large address space updates by writing all of the operations to the data page and having the child execute them all at the same time. This will help fork and exec, but not page faults, since they involve only one page. I can't think of any way to help page faults, except to add something like PTRACE_FAULTINFO to the host. There is PTRACE_SIGINFO, but UML doesn't use siginfo for SIGSEGV (or anything else) because there isn't enough information in the siginfo struct to handle page faults (the faulting operation type is missing). Adding that would make PTRACE_SIGINFO a usable equivalent to PTRACE_FAULTINFO. As for the code itself: - The system call stub is in arch/um/kernel/sys-$(SUBARCH)/stub.S. It is put in its own section of the binary along with stub_segv_handler in arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c. This is manipulated with run_syscall_stub in arch/um/kernel/skas/mem_user.c. syscall_stub will execute any system call at all, but it's only used for mmap, munmap, and mprotect. - The x86_64 stub calls sigreturn by hand rather than allowing the normal sigreturn to happen, because the normal sigreturn is a SA_RESTORER in UML's address space provided by libc. Needless to say, this is not available in the child's address space. Also, it does a couple of odd pops before that which restore the stack to the state it was in at the time the signal handler was called. - There is a new field in the arch mmu_context, which is now a union. This is the pid to be manipulated rather than the /proc/mm file descriptor. Code which deals with this now checks proc_mm to see whether it should use the usual skas code or the new code. - userspace_tramp is now used to create a new host process for every UML process, rather than one per UML processor. It checks proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo to decide whether to map in the pages above its stack. - start_userspace now makes CLONE_VM conditional on proc_mm since we need separate address spaces now. - switch_mm_skas now just sets userspace_pid[0] to the new pid rather than PTRACE_SWITCH_MM. There is an addition to userspace which updates its idea of the pid being manipulated each time around the loop. This is important on exec, when the pid will change underneath userspace(). - The stub page has a pte, but it can't be mapped in using tlb_flush because it is part of tlb_flush. This is why it's required for it to be mapped in by userspace_tramp. Other random things: - The stub section in uml.lds.S is page aligned. This page is written out to the backing vm file in setup_physmem because it is mapped from there into user processes. - There's some confusion with TASK_SIZE now that there are a couple of extra pages that the process can't use. TASK_SIZE is considered by the elf code to be the usable process memory, which is reasonable, so it is decreased by two pages. This confuses the definition of USER_PGDS_IN_LAST_PML4, making it too small because of the rounding down of the uneven division. So we round it to the nearest PGDIR_SIZE rather than the lower one. - I added a missing PT_SYSCALL_ARG6_OFFSET macro. - um_mmu.h was made into a userspace-usable file. - proc_mm and ptrace_faultinfo are globals which say whether the host supports these features. - There is a bad interaction between the mm.nr_ptes check at the end of exit_mmap, stack randomization, and skas0. exit_mmap will stop freeing pages at the PGDIR_SIZE boundary after the last vma. If the stack isn't on the last page table page, the last pte page won't be freed, as it should be since the stub ptes are there, and exit_mmap will BUG because there is an unfreed page. To get around this, TASK_SIZE is set to the next lowest PGDIR_SIZE boundary and mm->nr_ptes is decremented after the calls to init_stub_pte. This ensures that we know the process stack (and all other process mappings) will be below the top page table page, and thus we know that mm->nr_ptes will be one too many, and can be decremented. Things that need fixing: - We may need better assurrences that the stub code is PIC. - The stub pte is set up in init_new_context_skas. - alloc_pgdir is probably the right place. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: add profile_pc for i386Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-06-25
| | | | | | | | | | | Cope with a conditional i386 definition, which is wrong for UML. Before we just used that one, but it wasn't defined for CONFIG_SMP, so in that case we got link errors. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] streamline preempt_count type across archsJesper Juhl2005-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The preempt_count member of struct thread_info is currently either defined as int, unsigned int or __s32 depending on arch. This patch makes the type of preempt_count an int on all archs. Having preempt_count be an unsigned type prevents the catching of preempt_count < 0 bugs, and using int on some archs and __s32 on others is not exactely "neat" - much nicer when it's just int all over. A previous version of this patch was already ACK'ed by Robert Love, and the only change in this version of the patch compared to the one he ACK'ed is that this one also makes sure the preempt_count member is consistently commented. Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] smp_processor_id() cleanupIngo Molnar2005-06-21
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch implements a number of smp_processor_id() cleanup ideas that Arjan van de Ven and I came up with. The previous __smp_processor_id/_smp_processor_id/smp_processor_id API spaghetti was hard to follow both on the implementational and on the usage side. Some of the complexity arose from picking wrong names, some of the complexity comes from the fact that not all architectures defined __smp_processor_id. In the new code, there are two externally visible symbols: - smp_processor_id(): debug variant. - raw_smp_processor_id(): nondebug variant. Replaces all existing uses of _smp_processor_id() and __smp_processor_id(). Defined by every SMP architecture in include/asm-*/smp.h. There is one new internal symbol, dependent on DEBUG_PREEMPT: - debug_smp_processor_id(): internal debug variant, mapped to smp_processor_id(). Also, i moved debug_smp_processor_id() from lib/kernel_lock.c into a new lib/smp_processor_id.c file. All related comments got updated and/or clarified. I have build/boot tested the following 8 .config combinations on x86: {SMP,UP} x {PREEMPT,!PREEMPT} x {DEBUG_PREEMPT,!DEBUG_PREEMPT} I have also build/boot tested x64 on UP/PREEMPT/DEBUG_PREEMPT. (Other architectures are untested, but should work just fine.) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: remove jail mode + other leftoversPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-05-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This var is currently useless, as it's apparent from reading the code. Until 2.6.11 it was used in some code related to jail mode, in the same proc.: if(jail){ while(!reading) sched_yield(); } jail mode has been dropped, together with that use, so let's finish dropping this. Also, remove some other useless definitions I met. Acked-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: fix PREEMPT_ACTIVEPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-05-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | This is a continuation for UML of: http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.5/cset@41791ab52lfMuF2i3V-eTIGRBbDYKQ Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: stack dump fixPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-05-28
| | | | | | | | | Copy (and adapt) to UML the stack code dumper used in i386 when CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is enabled. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: fix a couple of warningsJeff Dike2005-05-28
| | | | | | | | | Eliminate an unused variable warning in ptrace.c and a size mismatch warning by adding a cast to __pa. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: small fixes left over from rc4Jeff Dike2005-05-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some changes that I sent in didn't make 2.6.12-rc4 for some reason. This adds them back. We have an x86_64 definition of TOP_ADDR a reimplementation of the x86_64 csum_partial_copy_from_user some syntax fixes in arch/um/kernel/ptrace.c removal of a CFLAGS definition in the x86_64 Makefile some include changes in the x86_64 ptrace.c and user-offsets.h a syntax fix in elf-x86_64.h Also moved an include in the i386 and x86_64 Makefiles to make the symlinks work, and some small fixes from Al Viro. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Remove some left-over empty filesLinus Torvalds2005-05-20
| | | | | | Hopefully the addition of -E to my applypatch script will mean that I won't have these kinds of leftovers in the future.
* [PATCH] uml: remove elf.hPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso2005-05-17
| | | | | | | | | | Actually remove elf.h in the tree. The previous patch, due to a quilt bug/misuse, left it in the tree as a 0-length file, preventing the build to see it as missing and to generate a symlink in its place. Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: command line handling cleanupJeff Dike2005-05-07
| | | | | | | | | | Command line handling cleanups - a couple of things made static and an unused declaration removed from header. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: Remove include/asm-um/elf.hJeff Dike2005-05-07
| | | | | | | | | | I accidentally included include/asm-um/elf.h as a real file in a previous patch. This patch eliminates it. Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] fix up a comment still refering to verify_areaJesper Juhl2005-05-05
| | | | | | Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: remove a dangling symlinkBodo Stroesser2005-05-05
| | | | | | | | | UML: remove no longer needed arch-signal.h Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: s390 preparation, delay moved to archBodo Stroesser2005-05-05
| | | | | | | | | | | s390 has fast read access to realtime clock (nanosecond resolution). So it makes sense to have an arch-specific implementation not only of __delay, but __udelay also. Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] uml: s390 preparation, linkage.h inherited from hostBodo Stroesser2005-05-05
| | | | | | | | | | | This patch replaces the contents of include/asm-um/linkage.h by #include "asm/arch/linkage.h" Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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