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* [PATCH] FRV: Use the correct preemption primitives in kmap_atomic() and coDavid Howells2006-10-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Use inc/dec_preempt_count() rather than preempt_enable/disable() and manually add in the compiler barriers that were provided by the latter. This makes FRV consistent with other archs. Furthermore, the compiler barrier effects are now there unconditionally - at least as far as preemption is concerned - because we don't want the compiler moving memory accesses out of the section of code in which the mapping is in force - in effect the kmap_atomic() must imply a LOCK-class barrier and the kunmap_atomic() must imply an UNLOCK-class barrier to the compiler. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Consolidate check_signatureMatthew Wilcox2006-10-11
| | | | | | | | | | | There's nothing arch-specific about check_signature(), so move it to <linux/io.h>. Use a cross between the Alpha and i386 implementations as the generic one. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@parisc-linux.org> Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* IRQ: Maintain regs pointer globally rather than passing to IRQ handlersDavid Howells2006-10-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maintain a per-CPU global "struct pt_regs *" variable which can be used instead of passing regs around manually through all ~1800 interrupt handlers in the Linux kernel. The regs pointer is used in few places, but it potentially costs both stack space and code to pass it around. On the FRV arch, removing the regs parameter from all the genirq function results in a 20% speed up of the IRQ exit path (ie: from leaving timer_interrupt() to leaving do_IRQ()). Where appropriate, an arch may override the generic storage facility and do something different with the variable. On FRV, for instance, the address is maintained in GR28 at all times inside the kernel as part of general exception handling. Having looked over the code, it appears that the parameter may be handed down through up to twenty or so layers of functions. Consider a USB character device attached to a USB hub, attached to a USB controller that posts its interrupts through a cascaded auxiliary interrupt controller. A character device driver may want to pass regs to the sysrq handler through the input layer which adds another few layers of parameter passing. I've build this code with allyesconfig for x86_64 and i386. I've runtested the main part of the code on FRV and i386, though I can't test most of the drivers. I've also done partial conversion for powerpc and MIPS - these at least compile with minimal configurations. This will affect all archs. Mostly the changes should be relatively easy. Take do_IRQ(), store the regs pointer at the beginning, saving the old one: struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs); And put the old one back at the end: set_irq_regs(old_regs); Don't pass regs through to generic_handle_irq() or __do_IRQ(). In timer_interrupt(), this sort of change will be necessary: - update_process_times(user_mode(regs)); - profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING, regs); + update_process_times(user_mode(get_irq_regs())); + profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING); I'd like to move update_process_times()'s use of get_irq_regs() into itself, except that i386, alone of the archs, uses something other than user_mode(). Some notes on the interrupt handling in the drivers: (*) input_dev() is now gone entirely. The regs pointer is no longer stored in the input_dev struct. (*) finish_unlinks() in drivers/usb/host/ohci-q.c needs checking. It does something different depending on whether it's been supplied with a regs pointer or not. (*) Various IRQ handler function pointers have been moved to type irq_handler_t. Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> (cherry picked from 1b16e7ac850969f38b375e511e3fa2f474a33867 commit)
* fix file specification in commentsUwe Zeisberger2006-10-03
| | | | | | | Many files include the filename at the beginning, serveral used a wrong one. Signed-off-by: Uwe Zeisberger <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
* [PATCH] remove remaining errno and __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ referencesArnd Bergmann2006-10-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The last in-kernel user of errno is gone, so we should remove the definition and everything referring to it. This also removes the now-unused lib/execve.c file that was introduced earlier. Also remove every trace of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ that still remained in the kernel. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata.hirokazu@renesas.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp> Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk> Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] paravirt: remove set pte atomicZachary Amsden2006-10-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now that ptep_establish has a definition in PAE i386 3-level paging code, the only paging model which is insane enough to have multi-word hardware PTEs which are not efficient to set atomically, we can remove the ghost of set_pte_atomic from other architectures which falesly duplicated it, and remove all knowledge of it from the generic pgtable code. set_pte_atomic is now a private pte operator which is specific to i386 Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] ntp: cleanup defines and commentsRoman Zippel2006-10-01
| | | | | | | | | Remove a few unused defines and remove obsolete information from comments. Signed-off-by: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] consistently use MAX_ERRNO in __syscall_returnRandy Dunlap2006-09-27
| | | | | | | | | | Consistently use MAX_ERRNO when checking for errors in __syscall_return(). [ralf@linux-mips.org: build fix] Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Optimise ffs()David Howells2006-09-26
| | | | | | | | | Optimise ffs(x) by using fls(x & x - 1) which we optimise to use the SCAN instruction. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Implement fls64()David Howells2006-09-26
| | | | | | | | Implement fls64() for FRV without recource to conditional jumps. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Fix fls() to handle bit 31 being set correctlyDavid Howells2006-09-26
| | | | | | | | Fix FRV fls() to handle bit 31 being set correctly (it should return 32 not 0). Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Use the generic IRQ stuffDavid Howells2006-09-26
| | | | | | | | | Make the FRV arch use the generic IRQ code rather than having its own routines for doing so. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Standardize pxx_page macrosDave McCracken2006-09-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | One of the changes necessary for shared page tables is to standardize the pxx_page macros. pte_page and pmd_page have always returned the struct page associated with their entry, while pte_page_kernel and pmd_page_kernel have returned the kernel virtual address. pud_page and pgd_page, on the other hand, return the kernel virtual address. Shared page tables needs pud_page and pgd_page to return the actual page structures. There are very few actual users of these functions, so it is simple to standardize their usage. Since this is basic cleanup, I am submitting these changes as a standalone patch. Per Hugh Dickins' comments about it, I am also changing the pxx_page_kernel macros to pxx_page_vaddr to clarify their meaning. Signed-off-by: Dave McCracken <dmccr@us.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [libata] No need for all those arch libata-portmap.h headersJeff Garzik2006-09-25
| | | | | | | They all contain the same thing. Instead, have a single generic one in include/asm-generic, and permit an arch to override as needed. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [PATCH] restore libata build on frvAl Viro2006-09-24
| | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] remove set_wmb - arch removalSteven Rostedt2006-07-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | set_wmb should not be used in the kernel because it just confuses the code more and has no benefit. Since it is not currently used in the kernel this patch removes it so that new code does not include it. All archs define set_wmb(var, value) to do { var = value; wmb(); } while(0) except ia64 and sparc which use a mb() instead. But this is still moot since it is not used anyway. Hasn't been tested on any archs but x86 and x86_64 (and only compiled tested) Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Make cpu_relax() imply barrier() on all archesChase Venters2006-07-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | During the recent discussion of taking 'volatile' off of the spinlock, I noticed that while most arches #define cpu_relax() such that it implies barrier(), some arches define cpu_relax() to be empty. This patch changes the definition of cpu_relax() for frv, h8300, m68knommu, sh, sh64, v850 and xtensa from an empty while(0) to the compiler barrier(). Signed-off-by: Chase Venters <chase.venters@clientec.com> Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@Linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Introduce asm-offsets for FRV archDavid Howells2006-07-10
| | | | | | | | Introduce the use of asm-offsets into the FRV architecture. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FDPIC: Add coredump capability for the ELF-FDPIC binfmtDavid Howells2006-07-10
| | | | | | | | Add coredump capability for the ELF-FDPIC binfmt. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Merge git://git.infradead.org/hdrinstall-2.6Linus Torvalds2006-07-04
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * git://git.infradead.org/hdrinstall-2.6: Remove export of include/linux/isdn/tpam.h Remove <linux/i2c-id.h> and <linux/i2c-algo-ite.h> from userspace export Restrict headers exported to userspace for SPARC and SPARC64 Add empty Kbuild files for 'make headers_install' in remaining arches. Add Kbuild file for Alpha 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for SPARC 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for IA64 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for S390 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for i386 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for x86_64 'make headers_install' Add Kbuild file for PowerPC 'make headers_install' Add generic Kbuild files for 'make headers_install' Basic implementation of 'make headers_check' Basic implementation of 'make headers_install'
| * Add empty Kbuild files for 'make headers_install' in remaining arches.David Woodhouse2006-06-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | These include nothing more than the basic set of files listed in asm-generic/Kbuild.asm. Any extra arch-specific files will need to be added. Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
* | [PATCH] irq-flags: FRV: Use the new IRQF_ constantsThomas Gleixner2006-07-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Use the new IRQF_ constants and remove the SA_INTERRUPT define Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [AF_UNIX]: Datagram getpeersecCatherine Zhang2006-06-29
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch implements an API whereby an application can determine the label of its peer's Unix datagram sockets via the auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg. Patch purpose: This patch enables a security-aware application to retrieve the security context of the peer of a Unix datagram socket. The application can then use this security context to determine the security context for processing on behalf of the peer who sent the packet. Patch design and implementation: The design and implementation is very similar to the UDP case for INET sockets. Basically we build upon the existing Unix domain socket API for retrieving user credentials. Linux offers the API for obtaining user credentials via ancillary messages (i.e., out of band/control messages that are bundled together with a normal message). To retrieve the security context, the application first indicates to the kernel such desire by setting the SO_PASSSEC option via getsockopt. Then the application retrieves the security context using the auxiliary data mechanism. An example server application for Unix datagram socket should look like this: toggle = 1; toggle_len = sizeof(toggle); setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSSEC, &toggle, &toggle_len); recvmsg(sockfd, &msg_hdr, 0); if (msg_hdr.msg_controllen > sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) { cmsg_hdr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg_hdr); if (cmsg_hdr->cmsg_len <= CMSG_LEN(sizeof(scontext)) && cmsg_hdr->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg_hdr->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) { memcpy(&scontext, CMSG_DATA(cmsg_hdr), sizeof(scontext)); } } sock_setsockopt is enhanced with a new socket option SOCK_PASSSEC to allow a server socket to receive security context of the peer. Testing: We have tested the patch by setting up Unix datagram client and server applications. We verified that the server can retrieve the security context using the auxiliary data mechanism of recvmsg. Signed-off-by: Catherine Zhang <cxzhang@watson.ibm.com> Acked-by: Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* | [PATCH] frv: clean frv unistd.hAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove _syscall invocations that aren't used in the kernel. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: Add missing qualifier to memcpy_fromio() prototypeAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The memcpy_fromio() function should have a const qualifier on its source pointer. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: NULL noise removal in frv xchg()Al Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Clean up the FRV arch's xchg() function. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: wrong syscallAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The FRV arch should use fstatat64 not newfstatat. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: misc sparse annotationsAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: misc __user annotationsAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: signal annotationsAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add annotations to the FRV signal handling for sparse. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: basic __iomem annotationsAl Viro2006-06-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add annotations to the FRV I/O handling functions for sparse. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* | [PATCH] frv: __user infrastructureAl Viro2006-06-23
|/ | | | | | | | | Add general annotations to the FRV arch for sparse. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Remove unneeded _syscallX macros from user view in asm-*/unistd.hDavid Woodhouse2006-04-28
| | | | | | | | These aren't needed by glibc or klibc, and they're broken in some cases anyway. The uClibc folks are apparently switching over to stop using them too (now that we agreed that they should be dropped, at least). Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
* Don't include linux/config.h from anywhere else in include/David Woodhouse2006-04-26
| | | | Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
* [PATCH] sys_kexec_load() naming fixupsAndrew Morton2006-04-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | __NR_sys_kexec_load should be __NR_kexec_load. Mainly affects users of the _syscallN() macros, and glibc is already checking for __NR_kexec_load. Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Remove unused prepare_to_switch macroHirokazu Takata2006-04-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove unused prepare_to_switch() macros. Signed-off-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] lightweight robust futexes updatesIngo Molnar2006-03-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - fix: initialize the robust list(s) to NULL in copy_process. - doc update - cleanup: rename _inuser to _inatomic - __user cleanups and other small cleanups Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] lightweight robust futexes: arch defaultsIngo Molnar2006-03-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patchset provides a new (written from scratch) implementation of robust futexes, called "lightweight robust futexes". We believe this new implementation is faster and simpler than the vma-based robust futex solutions presented before, and we'd like this patchset to be adopted in the upstream kernel. This is version 1 of the patchset. Background ---------- What are robust futexes? To answer that, we first need to understand what futexes are: normal futexes are special types of locks that in the noncontended case can be acquired/released from userspace without having to enter the kernel. A futex is in essence a user-space address, e.g. a 32-bit lock variable field. If userspace notices contention (the lock is already owned and someone else wants to grab it too) then the lock is marked with a value that says "there's a waiter pending", and the sys_futex(FUTEX_WAIT) syscall is used to wait for the other guy to release it. The kernel creates a 'futex queue' internally, so that it can later on match up the waiter with the waker - without them having to know about each other. When the owner thread releases the futex, it notices (via the variable value) that there were waiter(s) pending, and does the sys_futex(FUTEX_WAKE) syscall to wake them up. Once all waiters have taken and released the lock, the futex is again back to 'uncontended' state, and there's no in-kernel state associated with it. The kernel completely forgets that there ever was a futex at that address. This method makes futexes very lightweight and scalable. "Robustness" is about dealing with crashes while holding a lock: if a process exits prematurely while holding a pthread_mutex_t lock that is also shared with some other process (e.g. yum segfaults while holding a pthread_mutex_t, or yum is kill -9-ed), then waiters for that lock need to be notified that the last owner of the lock exited in some irregular way. To solve such types of problems, "robust mutex" userspace APIs were created: pthread_mutex_lock() returns an error value if the owner exits prematurely - and the new owner can decide whether the data protected by the lock can be recovered safely. There is a big conceptual problem with futex based mutexes though: it is the kernel that destroys the owner task (e.g. due to a SEGFAULT), but the kernel cannot help with the cleanup: if there is no 'futex queue' (and in most cases there is none, futexes being fast lightweight locks) then the kernel has no information to clean up after the held lock! Userspace has no chance to clean up after the lock either - userspace is the one that crashes, so it has no opportunity to clean up. Catch-22. In practice, when e.g. yum is kill -9-ed (or segfaults), a system reboot is needed to release that futex based lock. This is one of the leading bugreports against yum. To solve this problem, 'Robust Futex' patches were created and presented on lkml: the one written by Todd Kneisel and David Singleton is the most advanced at the moment. These patches all tried to extend the futex abstraction by registering futex-based locks in the kernel - and thus give the kernel a chance to clean up. E.g. in David Singleton's robust-futex-6.patch, there are 3 new syscall variants to sys_futex(): FUTEX_REGISTER, FUTEX_DEREGISTER and FUTEX_RECOVER. The kernel attaches such robust futexes to vmas (via vma->vm_file->f_mapping->robust_head), and at do_exit() time, all vmas are searched to see whether they have a robust_head set. Lots of work went into the vma-based robust-futex patch, and recently it has improved significantly, but unfortunately it still has two fundamental problems left: - they have quite complex locking and race scenarios. The vma-based patches had been pending for years, but they are still not completely reliable. - they have to scan _every_ vma at sys_exit() time, per thread! The second disadvantage is a real killer: pthread_exit() takes around 1 microsecond on Linux, but with thousands (or tens of thousands) of vmas every pthread_exit() takes a millisecond or more, also totally destroying the CPU's L1 and L2 caches! This is very much noticeable even for normal process sys_exit_group() calls: the kernel has to do the vma scanning unconditionally! (this is because the kernel has no knowledge about how many robust futexes there are to be cleaned up, because a robust futex might have been registered in another task, and the futex variable might have been simply mmap()-ed into this process's address space). This huge overhead forced the creation of CONFIG_FUTEX_ROBUST, but worse than that: the overhead makes robust futexes impractical for any type of generic Linux distribution. So it became clear to us, something had to be done. Last week, when Thomas Gleixner tried to fix up the vma-based robust futex patch in the -rt tree, he found a handful of new races and we were talking about it and were analyzing the situation. At that point a fundamentally different solution occured to me. This patchset (written in the past couple of days) implements that new solution. Be warned though - the patchset does things we normally dont do in Linux, so some might find the approach disturbing. Parental advice recommended ;-) New approach to robust futexes ------------------------------ At the heart of this new approach there is a per-thread private list of robust locks that userspace is holding (maintained by glibc) - which userspace list is registered with the kernel via a new syscall [this registration happens at most once per thread lifetime]. At do_exit() time, the kernel checks this user-space list: are there any robust futex locks to be cleaned up? In the common case, at do_exit() time, there is no list registered, so the cost of robust futexes is just a simple current->robust_list != NULL comparison. If the thread has registered a list, then normally the list is empty. If the thread/process crashed or terminated in some incorrect way then the list might be non-empty: in this case the kernel carefully walks the list [not trusting it], and marks all locks that are owned by this thread with the FUTEX_OWNER_DEAD bit, and wakes up one waiter (if any). The list is guaranteed to be private and per-thread, so it's lockless. There is one race possible though: since adding to and removing from the list is done after the futex is acquired by glibc, there is a few instructions window for the thread (or process) to die there, leaving the futex hung. To protect against this possibility, userspace (glibc) also maintains a simple per-thread 'list_op_pending' field, to allow the kernel to clean up if the thread dies after acquiring the lock, but just before it could have added itself to the list. Glibc sets this list_op_pending field before it tries to acquire the futex, and clears it after the list-add (or list-remove) has finished. That's all that is needed - all the rest of robust-futex cleanup is done in userspace [just like with the previous patches]. Ulrich Drepper has implemented the necessary glibc support for this new mechanism, which fully enables robust mutexes. (Ulrich plans to commit these changes to glibc-HEAD later today.) Key differences of this userspace-list based approach, compared to the vma based method: - it's much, much faster: at thread exit time, there's no need to loop over every vma (!), which the VM-based method has to do. Only a very simple 'is the list empty' op is done. - no VM changes are needed - 'struct address_space' is left alone. - no registration of individual locks is needed: robust mutexes dont need any extra per-lock syscalls. Robust mutexes thus become a very lightweight primitive - so they dont force the application designer to do a hard choice between performance and robustness - robust mutexes are just as fast. - no per-lock kernel allocation happens. - no resource limits are needed. - no kernel-space recovery call (FUTEX_RECOVER) is needed. - the implementation and the locking is "obvious", and there are no interactions with the VM. Performance ----------- I have benchmarked the time needed for the kernel to process a list of 1 million (!) held locks, using the new method [on a 2GHz CPU]: - with FUTEX_WAIT set [contended mutex]: 130 msecs - without FUTEX_WAIT set [uncontended mutex]: 30 msecs I have also measured an approach where glibc does the lock notification [which it currently does for !pshared robust mutexes], and that took 256 msecs - clearly slower, due to the 1 million FUTEX_WAKE syscalls userspace had to do. (1 million held locks are unheard of - we expect at most a handful of locks to be held at a time. Nevertheless it's nice to know that this approach scales nicely.) Implementation details ---------------------- The patch adds two new syscalls: one to register the userspace list, and one to query the registered list pointer: asmlinkage long sys_set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head __user *head, size_t len); asmlinkage long sys_get_robust_list(int pid, struct robust_list_head __user **head_ptr, size_t __user *len_ptr); List registration is very fast: the pointer is simply stored in current->robust_list. [Note that in the future, if robust futexes become widespread, we could extend sys_clone() to register a robust-list head for new threads, without the need of another syscall.] So there is virtually zero overhead for tasks not using robust futexes, and even for robust futex users, there is only one extra syscall per thread lifetime, and the cleanup operation, if it happens, is fast and straightforward. The kernel doesnt have any internal distinction between robust and normal futexes. If a futex is found to be held at exit time, the kernel sets the highest bit of the futex word: #define FUTEX_OWNER_DIED 0x40000000 and wakes up the next futex waiter (if any). User-space does the rest of the cleanup. Otherwise, robust futexes are acquired by glibc by putting the TID into the futex field atomically. Waiters set the FUTEX_WAITERS bit: #define FUTEX_WAITERS 0x80000000 and the remaining bits are for the TID. Testing, architecture support ----------------------------- I've tested the new syscalls on x86 and x86_64, and have made sure the parsing of the userspace list is robust [ ;-) ] even if the list is deliberately corrupted. i386 and x86_64 syscalls are wired up at the moment, and Ulrich has tested the new glibc code (on x86_64 and i386), and it works for his robust-mutex testcases. All other architectures should build just fine too - but they wont have the new syscalls yet. Architectures need to implement the new futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inuser() inline function before writing up the syscalls (that function returns -ENOSYS right now). This patch: Add placeholder futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inuser() implementations to every architecture that supports futexes. It returns -ENOSYS. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] unify pfn_to_page: FRV pfn_to_pageKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki2006-03-27
| | | | | | | | | FRV can use generic funcs. Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] bitops: frv: use generic bitopsAkinobu Mita2006-03-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - remove ffz() - remove find_{next,first}{,_zero}_bit() - remove generic_ffs() - remove __ffs() - remove generic_fls64() - remove sched_find_first_bit() - remove generic_hweight{32,16,8}() - remove ext2_{set,clear,test,find_first_zero,find_next_zero}_bit() - remove minix_{test,set,test_and_clear,test,find_first_zero}_bit() Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] bitops: use non atomic operations for minix_*_bit() and ext2_*_bit()Akinobu Mita2006-03-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bitmap functions for the minix filesystem and the ext2 filesystem except ext2_set_bit_atomic() and ext2_clear_bit_atomic() do not require the atomic guarantees. But these are defined by using atomic bit operations on several architectures. (cris, frv, h8300, ia64, m32r, m68k, m68knommu, mips, s390, sh, sh64, sparc, sparc64, v850, and xtensa) This patch switches to non atomic bit operation. Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] POLLRDHUP/EPOLLRDHUP handling for half-closed devices notificationsDavide Libenzi2006-03-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Implement the half-closed devices notifiation, by adding a new POLLRDHUP (and its alias EPOLLRDHUP) bit to the existing poll/select sets. Since the existing POLLHUP handling, that does not report correctly half-closed devices, was feared to be changed, this implementation leaves the current POLLHUP reporting unchanged and simply add a new bit that is set in the few places where it makes sense. The same thing was discussed and conceptually agreed quite some time ago: http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/7/12/116 Since this new event bit is added to the existing Linux poll infrastruture, even the existing poll/select system calls will be able to use it. As far as the existing POLLHUP handling, the patch leaves it as is. The pollrdhup-2.6.16.rc5-0.10.diff defines the POLLRDHUP for all the existing archs and sets the bit in the six relevant files. The other attached diff is the simple change required to sys/epoll.h to add the EPOLLRDHUP definition. There is "a stupid program" to test POLLRDHUP delivery here: http://www.xmailserver.org/pollrdhup-test.c It tests poll(2), but since the delivery is same epoll(2) will work equally. Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] add asm-generic/mman.hMichael S. Tsirkin2006-02-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make new MADV_REMOVE, MADV_DONTFORK, MADV_DOFORK consistent across all arches. The idea is to make it possible to use them portably even before distros include them in libc headers. Move common flags to asm-generic/mman.h Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@mellanox.co.il> Cc: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com> Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Use virtual interrupt disablementDavid Howells2006-02-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make the FRV arch use virtual interrupt disablement because accesses to the processor status register (PSR) are relatively slow and because we will soon have the need to deal with multiple interrupt controls at the same time (separate h/w and inter-core interrupts). The way this is done is to dedicate one of the four integer condition code registers (ICC2) to maintaining a virtual interrupt disablement state whilst inside the kernel. This uses the ICC2.Z flag (Zero) to indicate whether the interrupts are virtually disabled and the ICC2.C flag (Carry) to indicate whether the interrupts are physically disabled. ICC2.Z is set to indicate interrupts are virtually disabled. ICC2.C is set to indicate interrupts are physically enabled. Under normal running conditions Z==0 and C==1. Disabling interrupts with local_irq_disable() doesn't then actually physically disable interrupts - it merely sets ICC2.Z to 1. Should an interrupt then happen, the exception prologue will note ICC2.Z is set and branch out of line using one instruction (an unlikely BEQ). Here it will physically disable interrupts and clear ICC2.C. When it comes time to enable interrupts (local_irq_enable()), this simply clears the ICC2.Z flag and invokes a trap #2 if both Z and C flags are clear (the HI integer condition). This can be done with the TIHI conditional trap instruction. The trap then physically reenables interrupts and sets ICC2.C again. Upon returning the interrupt will be taken as interrupts will then be enabled. Note that whilst processing the trap, the whole exceptions system is disabled, and so an interrupt can't happen till it returns. If no pending interrupt had happened, ICC2.C would still be set, the HI condition would not be fulfilled, and no trap will happen. Saving interrupts (local_irq_save) is simply a matter of pulling the ICC2.Z flag out of the CCR register, shifting it down and masking it off. This gives a result of 0 if interrupts were enabled and 1 if they weren't. Restoring interrupts (local_irq_restore) is then a matter of taking the saved value mentioned previously and XOR'ing it against 1. If it was one, the result will be zero, and if it was zero the result will be non-zero. This result is then used to affect the ICC2.Z flag directly (it is a condition code flag after all). An XOR instruction does not affect the Carry flag, and so that bit of state is unchanged. The two flags can then be sampled to see if they're both zero using the trap (TIHI) as for the unconditional reenablement (local_irq_enable). This patch also: (1) Modifies the debugging stub (break.S) to handle single-stepping crossing into the trap #2 handler and into virtually disabled interrupts. (2) Removes superseded fixup pointers from the second instructions in the trap tables (there's no a separate fixup table for this). (3) Declares the trap #3 vector for use in .org directives in the trap table. (4) Moves irq_enter() and irq_exit() in do_IRQ() to avoid problems with virtual interrupt handling, and removes the duplicate code that has now been folded into irq_exit() (softirq and preemption handling). (5) Tells the compiler in the arch Makefile that ICC2 is now reserved. (6) Documents the in-kernel ABI, including the virtual interrupts. (7) Renames the old irq management functions to different names. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] FRV: Miscellaneous fixesDavid Howells2006-02-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make various alterations and fixes to the FRV arch: (1) Resyncs the FRV system call collection with the i386 arch. (2) Discards __iounmap() as it's not used. (3) Fixes the use of the SWAP/SWAPI instruction to get the arguments the right way around in atomic.h, and also to get the asm constraints correct. (4) Moves copy_to/from_user_page() to asm/cacheflush.h to be consistent with other archs. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] madvise MADV_DONTFORK/MADV_DOFORKMichael S. Tsirkin2006-02-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently, copy-on-write may change the physical address of a page even if the user requested that the page is pinned in memory (either by mlock or by get_user_pages). This happens if the process forks meanwhile, and the parent writes to that page. As a result, the page is orphaned: in case of get_user_pages, the application will never see any data hardware DMA's into this page after the COW. In case of mlock'd memory, the parent is not getting the realtime/security benefits of mlock. In particular, this affects the Infiniband modules which do DMA from and into user pages all the time. This patch adds madvise options to control whether memory range is inherited across fork. Useful e.g. for when hardware is doing DMA from/into these pages. Could also be useful to an application wanting to speed up its forks by cutting large areas out of consideration. Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@mellanox.co.il> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] include/asm-*/bitops.h: fix more "~0UL >> size" typosAlexey Dobriyan2006-02-03
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | "[PATCH] m68knommu: fix find_next_zero_bit in bitops.h" fixed a typo in m68knommu implementation of find_next_zero_bit(). grep(1) shows that cris, frv, h8300, v850 are also affected. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Handle TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK for FRVDavid Howells2006-01-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Handle TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK as added by David Woodhouse's patch entitled: [PATCH] 2/3 Add TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK support for arch/powerpc [PATCH] 3/3 Generic sys_rt_sigsuspend It does the following: (1) Declares TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK for FRV. (2) Invokes it over to do_signal() when TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK is set. (3) Makes do_signal() support TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK, using the signal mask saved in current->saved_sigmask. (4) Discards sys_rt_sigsuspend() from the arch, using the generic one instead. (5) Makes sys_sigsuspend() save the signal mask and set TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK rather than attempting to fudge the return registers. (6) Makes sys_sigsuspend() return -ERESTARTNOHAND rather than looping intrinsically. (7) Makes setup_frame(), setup_rt_frame() and handle_signal() return 0 or -EFAULT rather than true/false to be consistent with the rest of the kernel. Due to the fact do_signal() is then only called from one place: (8) Make do_signal() no longer have a return value is it was just being ignored; force_sig() takes care of this. (9) Discards the old sigmask argument to do_signal() as it's no longer necessary. This patch depends on the FRV signalling patches as well as the sys_rt_sigsuspend patch. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] death of get_thread_info/put_thread_infoAl Viro2006-01-12
| | | | | | | | | {get,put}_thread_info() were introduced in 2.5.4 and never had been called by anything in the tree. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* [PATCH] Generic ioctl.hBrian Gerst2006-01-10
| | | | | | | | Most arches copied the i386 ioctl.h. Combine them into a generic header. Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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