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* Merge tag 'pm+acpi-3.13-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-11-13
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm Pull ACPI and power management updates from Rafael J Wysocki: - New power capping framework and the the Intel Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) driver using it from Srinivas Pandruvada and Jacob Pan. - Addition of the in-kernel switching feature to the arm_big_little cpufreq driver from Viresh Kumar and Nicolas Pitre. - cpufreq support for iMac G5 from Aaro Koskinen. - Baytrail processors support for intel_pstate from Dirk Brandewie. - cpufreq support for Midway/ECX-2000 from Mark Langsdorf. - ARM vexpress/TC2 cpufreq support from Sudeep KarkadaNagesha. - ACPI power management support for the I2C and SPI bus types from Mika Westerberg and Lv Zheng. - cpufreq core fixes and cleanups from Viresh Kumar, Srivatsa S Bhat, Stratos Karafotis, Xiaoguang Chen, Lan Tianyu. - cpufreq drivers updates (mostly fixes and cleanups) from Viresh Kumar, Aaro Koskinen, Jungseok Lee, Sudeep KarkadaNagesha, Lukasz Majewski, Manish Badarkhe, Hans-Christian Egtvedt, Evgeny Kapaev. - intel_pstate updates from Dirk Brandewie and Adrian Huang. - ACPICA update to version 20130927 includig fixes and cleanups and some reduction of divergences between the ACPICA code in the kernel and ACPICA upstream in order to improve the automatic ACPICA patch generation process. From Bob Moore, Lv Zheng, Tomasz Nowicki, Naresh Bhat, Bjorn Helgaas, David E Box. - ACPI IPMI driver fixes and cleanups from Lv Zheng. - ACPI hotplug fixes and cleanups from Bjorn Helgaas, Toshi Kani, Zhang Yanfei, Rafael J Wysocki. - Conversion of the ACPI AC driver to the platform bus type and multiple driver fixes and cleanups related to ACPI from Zhang Rui. - ACPI processor driver fixes and cleanups from Hanjun Guo, Jiang Liu, Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, Mathieu Rhéaume, Rafael J Wysocki. - Fixes and cleanups and new blacklist entries related to the ACPI video support from Aaron Lu, Felipe Contreras, Lennart Poettering, Kirill Tkhai. - cpuidle core cleanups from Viresh Kumar and Lorenzo Pieralisi. - cpuidle drivers fixes and cleanups from Daniel Lezcano, Jingoo Han, Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, Prarit Bhargava. - devfreq updates from Sachin Kamat, Dan Carpenter, Manish Badarkhe. - Operation Performance Points (OPP) core updates from Nishanth Menon. - Runtime power management core fix from Rafael J Wysocki and update from Ulf Hansson. - Hibernation fixes from Aaron Lu and Rafael J Wysocki. - Device suspend/resume lockup detection mechanism from Benoit Goby. - Removal of unused proc directories created for various ACPI drivers from Lan Tianyu. - ACPI LPSS driver fix and new device IDs for the ACPI platform scan handler from Heikki Krogerus and Jarkko Nikula. - New ACPI _OSI blacklist entry for Toshiba NB100 from Levente Kurusa. - Assorted fixes and cleanups related to ACPI from Andy Shevchenko, Al Stone, Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, Colin Ian King, Dan Carpenter, Felipe Contreras, Jianguo Wu, Lan Tianyu, Yinghai Lu, Mathias Krause, Liu Chuansheng. - Assorted PM fixes and cleanups from Andy Shevchenko, Thierry Reding, Jean-Christophe Plagniol-Villard. * tag 'pm+acpi-3.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (386 commits) cpufreq: conservative: fix requested_freq reduction issue ACPI / hotplug: Consolidate deferred execution of ACPI hotplug routines PM / runtime: Use pm_runtime_put_sync() in __device_release_driver() ACPI / event: remove unneeded NULL pointer check Revert "ACPI / video: Ignore BIOS initial backlight value for HP 250 G1" ACPI / video: Quirk initial backlight level 0 ACPI / video: Fix initial level validity test intel_pstate: skip the driver if ACPI has power mgmt option PM / hibernate: Avoid overflow in hibernate_preallocate_memory() ACPI / hotplug: Do not execute "insert in progress" _OST ACPI / hotplug: Carry out PCI root eject directly ACPI / hotplug: Merge device hot-removal routines ACPI / hotplug: Make acpi_bus_hot_remove_device() internal ACPI / hotplug: Simplify device ejection routines ACPI / hotplug: Fix handle_root_bridge_removal() ACPI / hotplug: Refuse to hot-remove all objects with disabled hotplug ACPI / scan: Start matching drivers after trying scan handlers ACPI: Remove acpi_pci_slot_init() headers from internal.h ACPI / blacklist: fix name of ThinkPad Edge E530 PowerCap: Fix build error with option -Werror=format-security ... Conflicts: arch/arm/mach-omap2/opp.c drivers/Kconfig drivers/spi/spi.c
| * PowerCap: Add to drivers Kconfig and MakefileSrinivas Pandruvada2013-10-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Added changes to Makefile and Kconfig to include in driver build. Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
* | drivers: phy: add generic PHY frameworkKishon Vijay Abraham I2013-09-27
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The PHY framework provides a set of APIs for the PHY drivers to create/destroy a PHY and APIs for the PHY users to obtain a reference to the PHY with or without using phandle. For dt-boot, the PHY drivers should also register *PHY provider* with the framework. PHY drivers should create the PHY by passing id and ops like init, exit, power_on and power_off. This framework is also pm runtime enabled. The documentation for the generic PHY framework is added in Documentation/phy.txt and the documentation for dt binding can be found at Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/phy-bindings.txt Cc: Tomasz Figa <t.figa@samsung.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com> Tested-by: Sylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* Merge tag 'mfd-3.11-1' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-07-10
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sameo/mfd-next Pull MFD update from Samuel Ortiz: "For the 3.11 merge we only have one new MFD driver for the Kontron PLD. But we also have: - Support for the TPS659038 PMIC from the palmas driver. - Intel's Coleto Creek and Avoton SoCs support from the lpc_ich driver. - RTL8411B support from the rtsx driver. - More DT support for the Arizona, max8998, twl4030-power and the ti_am335x_tsadc drivers. - The SSBI driver move under MFD. - A conversion to the devm_* API for most of the MFD drivers. - The twl4030-power got split from twl-core into its own module. - A major ti_am335x_adc cleanup, leading to a proper DT support. - Our regular arizona and wm* updates and cleanups from the Wolfson folks. - A better error handling and initialization, and a regulator subdevice addition for the 88pm80x driver. - A bulk platform_set_drvdata() call removal that's no longer need since commit 0998d0631001 ("device-core: Ensure drvdata = NULL when no driver is bound") * tag 'mfd-3.11-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sameo/mfd-next: (102 commits) mfd: sec: Provide max_register to regmap mfd: wm8994: Remove duplicate check for active JACKDET MAINTAINERS: Add include directory to MFD file patterns mfd: sec: Remove fields not used since regmap conversion watchdog: Kontron PLD watchdog timer driver mfd: max8998: Add support for Device Tree regulator: max8998: Use arrays for specifying voltages in platform data mfd: max8998: Add irq domain support regulator: palmas: Add TPS659038 support mfd: Kontron PLD mfd driver mfd: palmas: Add TPS659038 PMIC support mfd: palmas: Add SMPS10_BOOST feature mfd: palmas: Check if irq is valid mfd: lpc_ich: iTCO_wdt patch for Intel Coleto Creek DeviceIDs mfd: twl-core: Change TWL6025 references to TWL6032 mfd: davinci_voicecodec: Fix build breakage mfd: vexpress: Make the driver optional for arm and arm64 mfd: htc-egpio: Use devm_ioremap_nocache() instead of ioremap_nocache() mfd: davinci_voicecodec: Convert to use devm_* APIs mfd: twl4030-power: Fix relocking on error ...
| * mfd: Move ssbi driver into drivers/mfdArnd Bergmann2013-06-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is no reason for ssbi to have its own top-level driver directory when the only users of this interface are all MFD drivers. The only mainline driver using it at the moment (PM8921) is marked broken and in fact does not compile. I have verified that fixing the trivial build breakage in pm8921 links in the new ssbi code just fine, but that can be a separate patch. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Acked-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@linux.intel.com>
* | FMC: create drivers/fmc and toplevel Kconfig questionAlessandro Rubini2013-06-17
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | This commit creates the drivers/fmc directory and puts the necessary hooks for kbuild and kconfig. The code is currently a placeholder that only registers an empty bus. Signed-off-by: Alessandro Rubini <rubini@gnudd.com> Acked-by: Juan David Gonzalez Cobas <dcobas@cern.ch> Acked-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org> Acked-by: Samuel Iglesias Gonsalvez <siglesias@igalia.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* Merge tag 'drivers-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-05-04
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc Pull ARM SoC driver changes from Olof Johansson: "This is a rather large set of patches for device drivers that for one reason or another the subsystem maintainer preferred to get merged through the arm-soc tree. There are both new drivers as well as existing drivers that are getting converted from platform-specific code into standalone drivers using the appropriate subsystem specific interfaces. In particular, we can now have pinctrl, clk, clksource and irqchip drivers in one file per driver, without the need to call into platform specific interface, or to get called from platform specific code, as long as all information about the hardware is provided through a device tree. Most of the drivers we touch this time are for clocksource. Since now most of them are part of drivers/clocksource, I expect that we won't have to touch these again from arm-soc and can let the clocksource maintainers take care of these in the future. Another larger part of this series is specific to the exynos platform, which is seeing some significant effort in upstreaming and modernization of its device drivers this time around, which unfortunately is also the cause for the churn and a lot of the merge conflicts. There is one new subsystem that gets merged as part of this series: the reset controller interface, which is a very simple interface for taking devices on the SoC out of reset or back into reset. Patches to use this interface on i.MX follow later in this merge window, and we are going to have other platforms (at least tegra and sirf) get converted in 3.11. This will let us get rid of platform specific callbacks in a number of platform independent device drivers." * tag 'drivers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (256 commits) irqchip: s3c24xx: add missing __init annotations ARM: dts: Disable the RTC by default on exynos5 clk: exynos5250: Fix parent clock for sclk_mmc{0,1,2,3} ARM: exynos: restore mach/regs-clock.h for exynos5 clocksource: exynos_mct: fix build error on non-DT pinctrl: vt8500: wmt: Fix checking return value of pinctrl_register() irqchip: vt8500: Convert arch-vt8500 to new irqchip infrastructure reset: NULL deref on allocation failure reset: Add reset controller API dt: describe base reset signal binding ARM: EXYNOS: Add arm-pmu DT binding for exynos421x ARM: EXYNOS: Add arm-pmu DT binding for exynos5250 ARM: EXYNOS: Enable PMUs for exynos4 irqchip: exynos-combiner: Correct combined IRQs for exynos4 irqchip: exynos-combiner: Add set_irq_affinity function for combiner_irq ARM: EXYNOS: fix compilation error introduced due to common clock migration clk: exynos5250: Fix divider values for sclk_mmc{0,1,2,3} clk: exynos4: export clocks required for fimc-is clk: samsung: Fix compilation error clk: tegra: fix enum tegra114_clk to match binding ...
| * reset: Add reset controller APIPhilipp Zabel2013-04-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds a simple API for devices to request being reset by separate reset controller hardware and implements the reset signal device tree binding. Signed-off-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de> Reviewed-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
* | kconfig menu: move Virtualization drivers near other virtualization optionsRandy Dunlap2013-04-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make virtualization drivers be logically grouped together (physically near each other) in the kconfig menu by moving "Virtualization drivers" to be near "Virtio drivers", Microsort Hyper-V, and Xen driver support. This is just a user-friendly, visual search change. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Cc: Stuart Yoder <stuart.yoder@freescale.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | add single-wire serial bus interface (SSBI) driverKenneth Heitke2013-03-25
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SSBI is the Qualcomm single-wire serial bus interface used to connect the MSM devices to the PMIC and other devices. Since SSBI only supports a single slave, the driver gets the name of the slave device passed in from the board file through the master device's platform data. SSBI registers pretty early (postcore), so that the PMIC can come up before the board init. This is useful if the board init requires the use of gpios that are connected through the PMIC. Based on a patch by Dima Zavin <dima@android.com> that can be found at: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/msm.git;a=commitdiff;h=eb060bac4 This patch adds PMIC Arbiter support for the MSM8660. The PMIC Arbiter is a hardware wrapper around the SSBI 2.0 controller that is designed to overcome concurrency issues and security limitations. A controller_type field is added to the platform data to specify the type of the SSBI controller (1.0, 2.0, or PMIC Arbiter). [davidb@codeaurora.org: I've moved this driver into drivers/ssbi/ and added an include for linux/module.h so that it will compile] Signed-off-by: Kenneth Heitke <kheitke@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* Merge tag 'char-misc-3.9-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds2013-02-21
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc Pull char/misc driver patches from Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Here's the big char/misc driver patches for 3.9-rc1. Nothing major here, just lots of different driver updates (mei, hyperv, ipack, extcon, vmci, etc.). All of these have been in the linux-next tree for a while." * tag 'char-misc-3.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (209 commits) w1: w1_therm: Add force-pullup option for "broken" sensors w1: ds2482: Added 1-Wire pull-up support to the driver vme: add missing put_device() after device_register() fails extcon: max8997: Use workqueue to check cable state after completing boot of platform extcon: max8997: Set default UART/USB path on probe extcon: max8997: Consolidate duplicate code for checking ADC/CHG cable type extcon: max8997: Set default of ADC debounce time during initialization extcon: max8997: Remove duplicate code related to set H/W line path extcon: max8997: Move defined constant to header file extcon: max77693: Make max77693_extcon_cable static extcon: max8997: Remove unreachable code extcon: max8997: Make max8997_extcon_cable static extcon: max77693: Remove unnecessary goto statement to improve readability extcon: max77693: Convert to devm_input_allocate_device() extcon: gpio: Rename filename of extcon-gpio.c according to kernel naming style CREDITS: update email and address of Harald Hoyer extcon: arizona: Use MICDET for final microphone identification extcon: arizona: Always take the first HPDET reading as the final one extcon: arizona: Clear _trig_sts bits after jack detection extcon: arizona: Don't HPDET magic when headphones are enabled ...
| * PCI-Express Non-Transparent Bridge SupportJon Mason2013-01-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A PCI-Express non-transparent bridge (NTB) is a point-to-point PCIe bus connecting 2 systems, providing electrical isolation between the two subsystems. A non-transparent bridge is functionally similar to a transparent bridge except that both sides of the bridge have their own independent address domains. The host on one side of the bridge will not have the visibility of the complete memory or I/O space on the other side of the bridge. To communicate across the non-transparent bridge, each NTB endpoint has one (or more) apertures exposed to the local system. Writes to these apertures are mirrored to memory on the remote system. Communications can also occur through the use of doorbell registers that initiate interrupts to the alternate domain, and scratch-pad registers accessible from both sides. The NTB device driver is needed to configure these memory windows, doorbell, and scratch-pad registers as well as use them in such a way as they can be turned into a viable communication channel to the remote system. ntb_hw.[ch] determines the usage model (NTB to NTB or NTB to Root Port) and abstracts away the underlying hardware to provide access and a common interface to the doorbell registers, scratch pads, and memory windows. These hardware interfaces are exported so that other, non-mainlined kernel drivers can access these. ntb_transport.[ch] also uses the exported interfaces in ntb_hw.[ch] to setup a communication channel(s) and provide a reliable way of transferring data from one side to the other, which it then exports so that "client" drivers can access them. These client drivers are used to provide a standard kernel interface (i.e., Ethernet device) to NTB, such that Linux can transfer data from one system to the other in a standard way. Signed-off-by: Jon Mason <jon.mason@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Nicholas Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* | ARM / highbank: add support for pl320 IPCRob Herring2013-02-01
|/ | | | | | | | | | The pl320 IPC allows for interprocessor communication between the highbank A9 and the EnergyCore Management Engine. The pl320 implements a straightforward mailbox protocol. Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@calxeda.com> Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
* Staging: ipack: move out of stagingGreg Kroah-Hartman2012-11-16
| | | | | | | | | The ipack subsystem is cleaned up enough to now move out of the staging tree, and into drivers/ipack. Cc: Samuel Iglesias Gonsalvez <siglesias@igalia.com> Cc: Jens Taprogge <jens.taprogge@taprogge.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* Merge tag 'drivers' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-socLinus Torvalds2012-10-01
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pull ARM soc driver specific changes from Olof Johansson: - A long-coming conversion of various platforms to a common LED infrastructure - AT91 is moved over to use the newer MCI driver for MMC - Pincontrol conversions for samsung platforms - DT bindings for gscaler on samsung - i2c driver fixes for tegra, acked by i2c maintainer Fix up conflicts as per Olof. * tag 'drivers' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (48 commits) drivers: bus: omap_l3: use resources instead of hardcoded irqs pinctrl: exynos: Fix wakeup IRQ domain registration check pinctrl: samsung: Uninline samsung_pinctrl_get_soc_data pinctrl: exynos: Correct the detection of wakeup-eint node pinctrl: exynos: Mark exynos_irq_demux_eint as inline pinctrl: exynos: Handle only unmasked wakeup interrupts pinctrl: exynos: Fix typos in gpio/wkup _irq_mask pinctrl: exynos: Set pin function to EINT in irq_set_type of GPIO EINTa drivers: bus: Move the OMAP interconnect driver to drivers/bus/ i2c: tegra: dynamically control fast clk i2c: tegra: I2_M_NOSTART functionality not supported in Tegra20 ARM: tegra: clock: remove unused clock entry for i2c ARM: tegra: clock: add connection name in i2c clock entry i2c: tegra: pass proper name for getting clock ARM: tegra: clock: add i2c fast clock entry in clock table ARM: EXYNOS: Adds G-Scaler device from Device Tree ARM: EXYNOS: Add clock support for G-Scaler ARM: EXYNOS: Enable pinctrl driver support for EXYNOS4 device tree enabled platform ARM: dts: Add pinctrl node entries for SAMSUNG EXYNOS4210 SoC ARM: EXYNOS: skip wakeup interrupt setup if pinctrl driver is used ...
| * drivers: bus: add a new driver for omap-ocp2scpKishon Vijay Abraham I2012-08-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adds a new driver *omap-ocp2scp*. This driver takes the responsibility of creating all the devices that is connected to OCP2SCP. In the case of OMAP4, USB2PHY is connected to ocp2scp. This also includes device tree support for ocp2scp driver and the documentation with device tree binding information is updated. Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
* | ARM: bcm2835: add interrupt controller driverSimon Arlott2012-09-19
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The BCM2835 contains a custom interrupt controller, which supports 72 interrupt sources using a 2-level register scheme. The interrupt controller, or the HW block containing it, is referred to occasionally as "armctrl" in the SoC documentation, hence the symbol naming in the code. This patch was extracted from git://github.com/lp0/linux.git branch rpi-split as of 2012/09/08, and modified as follows: * s/bcm2708/bcm2835/. * Modified device tree vendor prefix. * Moved implementation to drivers/irchip/. * Added devicetree documentation, and hence removed list of IRQs from bcm2835.dtsi. * Changed shift in MAKE_HWIRQ() and HWIRQ_BANK() from 8 to 5 to reduce the size of the hwirq space, and pass the total size of the hwirq space to irq_domain_add_linear(), rather than just the number of valid hwirqs; the two are different due to the hwirq space being sparse. * Added the interrupt controller DT node to the top-level of the DT, rather than nesting it inside a /axi node. Hence, changed the reg value since /axi had a ranges property. This seems simpler to me, but I'm not sure if everyone will like this change or not. * Don't set struct irq_domain_ops.map = irq_domain_simple_map, hence removing the need to patch include/linux/irqdomain.h or kernel/irq/irqdomain.c. * Simplified armctrl_of_init() using of_iomap(). * Removed unused IS_VALID_BANK()/IS_VALID_IRQ() macros. * Renamed armctrl_handle_irq() to prevent possible symbol clashes. * Made armctrl_of_init() static. * Removed comment "Each bank is registered as a separate interrupt controller" since this is no longer true. * Removed FSF address from license header. * Added my name to copyright header. Signed-off-by: Chris Boot <bootc@bootc.net> Signed-off-by: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu> Signed-off-by: Dom Cobley <popcornmix@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Dom Cobley <dc4@broadcom.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
* vfio: VFIO coreAlex Williamson2012-07-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | VFIO is a secure user level driver for use with both virtual machines and user level drivers. VFIO makes use of IOMMU groups to ensure the isolation of devices in use, allowing unprivileged user access. It's intended that VFIO will replace KVM device assignment and UIO drivers (in cases where the target platform includes a sufficiently capable IOMMU). New in this version of VFIO is support for IOMMU groups managed through the IOMMU core as well as a rework of the API, removing the group merge interface. We now go back to a model more similar to original VFIO with UIOMMU support where the file descriptor obtained from /dev/vfio/vfio allows access to the IOMMU, but only after a group is added, avoiding the previous privilege issues with this type of model. IOMMU support is also now fully modular as IOMMUs have vastly different interface requirements on different platforms. VFIO users are able to query and initialize the IOMMU model of their choice. Please see the follow-on Documentation commit for further description and usage example. Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
* pwm: Add PWM framework supportSascha Hauer2012-06-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds framework support for PWM (pulse width modulation) devices. The is a barebone PWM API already in the kernel under include/linux/pwm.h, but it does not allow for multiple drivers as each of them implements the pwm_*() functions. There are other PWM framework patches around from Bill Gatliff. Unlike his framework this one does not change the existing API for PWMs so that this framework can act as a drop in replacement for the existing API. Why another framework? Several people argue that there should not be another framework for PWMs but they should be integrated into one of the existing frameworks like led or hwmon. Unlike these frameworks the PWM framework is agnostic to the purpose of the PWM. In fact, a PWM can drive a LED, but this makes the LED framework a user of a PWM, like already done in leds-pwm.c. The gpio framework also is not suitable for PWMs. Every gpio could be turned into a PWM using timer based toggling, but on the other hand not every PWM hardware device can be turned into a gpio due to the lack of hardware capabilities. This patch does not try to improve the PWM API yet, this could be done in subsequent patches. Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de> Acked-by: Kurt Van Dijck <kurt.van.dijck@eia.be> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias@kaehlcke.net> Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Reviewed-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> [thierry.reding@avionic-design.de: fixup typos, kerneldoc comments] Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de>
* Merge tag 'staging-3.5-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-05-22
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging Pull staging tree changes from Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Here is the big staging tree pull request for the 3.5-rc1 merge window. Loads of changes here, and we just narrowly added more lines than we added: 622 files changed, 28356 insertions(+), 26059 deletions(-) But, good news is that there is a number of subsystems that moved out of the staging tree, to their respective "real" portions of the kernel. Code that moved out was: - iio core code - mei driver - vme core and bridge drivers There was one broken network driver that moved into staging as a step before it is removed from the tree (pc300), and there was a few new drivers added to the tree: - new iio drivers - gdm72xx wimax USB driver - ipack subsystem and 2 drivers All of the movements around have acks from the various subsystem maintainers, and all of this has been in the linux-next tree for a while. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>" Fixed up various trivial conflicts, along with a non-trivial one found in -next and pointed out by Olof Johanssen: a clean - but incorrect - merge of the arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g20.dtsi file. Fix up manually as per Stephen Rothwell. * tag 'staging-3.5-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging: (536 commits) Staging: bcm: Remove two unused variables from Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Removes the volatile type definition from Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Rename all "INT" to "int" in Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Fix warning: __packed vs. __attribute__((packed)) in Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Correctly format all comments in Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Fix all whitespace issues in Adapter.h Staging: bcm: Properly format braces in Adapter.h Staging: ipack/bridges/tpci200: remove unneeded casts Staging: ipack/bridges/tpci200: remove TPCI200_SHORTNAME constant Staging: ipack: remove board_name and bus_name fields from struct ipack_device Staging: ipack: improve the register of a bus and a device in the bus. staging: comedi: cleanup all the comedi_driver 'detach' functions staging: comedi: remove all 'default N' in Kconfig staging: line6/config.h: Delete unused header staging: gdm72xx depends on NET staging: gdm72xx: Set up parent link in sysfs for gdm72xx devices staging: drm/omap: initial dmabuf/prime import support staging: drm/omap: dmabuf/prime mmap support pstore/ram: Add ECC support pstore/ram: Switch to persistent_ram routines ...
| * Staging: VME: move VME drivers out of stagingGreg Kroah-Hartman2012-04-26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This moves the VME core, VME board drivers, and VME bridge drivers out of the drivers/staging/vme/ area to drivers/vme/. The VME device drivers have not moved out yet due to some API questions they are still working through, that should happen soon, hopefully. Cc: Martyn Welch <martyn.welch@ge.com> Cc: Manohar Vanga <manohar.vanga@cern.ch> Cc: Vincent Bossier <vincent.bossier@gmail.com> Cc: "Emilio G. Cota" <cota@braap.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
| * IIO: Move the core files to drivers/iioJonathan Cameron2012-04-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Take the core support + the kfifo buffer implentation out of staging. Whilst we are far from done in improving this subsystem it is now at a stage where the userspae interfaces (provided by the core) can be considered stable. Drivers will follow over a longer time scale. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* | memory: emif: add basic infrastructure for EMIF driverAneesh V2012-05-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EMIF is an SDRAM controller used in various Texas Instruments SoCs. EMIF supports, based on its revision, one or more of LPDDR2/DDR2/DDR3 protocols. Add the basic infrastructure for EMIF driver that includes driver registration, probe, parsing of platform data etc. Signed-off-by: Aneesh V <aneesh@ti.com> Reviewed-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com> Reviewed-by: Benoit Cousson <b-cousson@ti.com> [santosh.shilimkar@ti.com: Moved to drivers/memory from drivers/misc] Signed-off-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com> Tested-by: Lokesh Vutla <lokeshvutla@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* | Extcon (external connector): import Android's switch class and modify.MyungJoo Ham2012-04-20
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | External connector class (extcon) is based on and an extension of Android kernel's switch class located at linux/drivers/switch/. This patch provides the before-extension switch class moved to the location where the extcon will be located (linux/drivers/extcon/) and updates to handle class properly. The before-extension class, switch class of Android kernel, commits imported are: switch: switch class and GPIO drivers. (splitted) Author: Mike Lockwood <lockwood@android.com> switch: Use device_create instead of device_create_drvdata. Author: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com> In this patch, upon the commits of Android kernel, we have added: - Relocated and renamed for extcon. - Comments, module name, and author information are updated - Code clean for successing patches - Bugfix: enabling write access without write functions - Class/device/sysfs create/remove handling - Added comments about uevents - Format changes for extcon_dev_register() to have a parent dev. Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> -- Changes from v7 - Compiler error fixed when it is compiled as a module. - Removed out-of-date Kconfig entry Changes from v6 - Updated comment/strings - Revised "Android-compatible" mode. * Automatically activated if CONFIG_ANDROID && !CONFIG_ANDROID_SWITCH * Creates /sys/class/switch/*, which is a copy of /sys/class/extcon/* Changes from v5 - Split the patch - Style fixes - "Android-compatible" mode is enabled by Kconfig option. Changes from v2 - Updated name_show - Sysfs entries are handled by class itself. - Updated the method to add/remove devices for the class - Comments on uevent send - Able to become a module - Compatible with Android platform Changes from RFC - Renamed to extcon (external connector) from multistate switch - Added a seperated directory (drivers/extcon) - Added kerneldoc comments - Removed unused variables from extcon_gpio.c - Added ABI Documentation. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* Merge branch 'for-next' of git://gitorious.org/kernel-hsi/kernel-hsiLinus Torvalds2012-04-02
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pull HSI (High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface) framework from Carlos Chinea: "The High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI) is a serial interface mainly used for connecting application engines (APE) with cellular modem engines (CMT) in cellular handsets. The framework is currently being used for some people and we would like to see it integrated into the kernel for 3.3. There is no HW controller drivers in this pull, but some people have already some of them pending which they would like to push as soon as this integrated. I am also working on the acceptance for an TI OMAP one, based on a compatible legacy version of the interface called SSI." Ok, so it didn't get into 3.3, but here it is pulled into 3.4. Several people piped up to say "yeah, we want this". * 'for-next' of git://gitorious.org/kernel-hsi/kernel-hsi: HSI: hsi_char: Update ioctl-number.txt HSI: Add HSI API documentation HSI: hsi_char: Add HSI char device kernel configuration HSI: hsi_char: Add HSI char device driver HSI: hsi: Introducing HSI framework
| * HSI: hsi: Introducing HSI frameworkCarlos Chinea2012-01-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adds HSI framework in to the linux kernel. High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI) is a serial interface mainly used for connecting application engines (APE) with cellular modem engines (CMT) in cellular handsets. HSI provides multiplexing for up to 16 logical channels, low-latency and full duplex communication. Signed-off-by: Carlos Chinea <carlos.chinea@nokia.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
* | Merge tag 'rpmsg' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-socLinus Torvalds2012-03-27
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pull "remoteproc/rpmsg: new subsystem" from Arnd Bergmann: "This new subsystem provides a common way to talk to secondary processors on an SoC, e.g. a DSP, GPU or service processor, using virtio as the transport. In the long run, it should replace a few dozen vendor specific ways to do the same thing, which all never made it into the upstream kernel. There is a broad agreement that rpmsg is the way to go here and several vendors have started working on replacing their own subsystems. Two branches each add one virtio protocol number. Fortunately the numbers were agreed upon in advance, so there are only context changes. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>" Fixed up trivial protocol number conflict due to the mentioned additions next to each other. * tag 'rpmsg' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (32 commits) remoteproc: cleanup resource table parsing paths remoteproc: remove the hardcoded vring alignment remoteproc/omap: remove the mbox_callback limitation remoteproc: remove the single rpmsg vdev limitation remoteproc: safer boot/shutdown order remoteproc: remoteproc_rpmsg -> remoteproc_virtio remoteproc: resource table overhaul rpmsg: fix build warning when dma_addr_t is 64-bit rpmsg: fix published buffer length in rpmsg_recv_done rpmsg: validate incoming message length before propagating rpmsg: fix name service endpoint leak remoteproc/omap: two Kconfig fixes remoteproc: make sure we're parsing a 32bit firmware remoteproc: s/big switch/lookup table/ remoteproc: bail out if firmware has different endianess remoteproc: don't use virtio's weak barriers rpmsg: rename virtqueue_add_buf_gfp to virtqueue_add_buf rpmsg: depend on EXPERIMENTAL remoteproc: depend on EXPERIMENTAL rpmsg: add Kconfig menu ... Conflicts: include/linux/virtio_ids.h
| * | rpmsg: add virtio-based remote processor messaging busOhad Ben-Cohen2012-02-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a virtio-based inter-processor communication bus, which enables kernel drivers to communicate with entities, running on remote processors, over shared memory using a simple messaging protocol. Every pair of AMP processors share two vrings, which are used to send and receive the messages over shared memory. The header of every message sent on the rpmsg bus contains src and dst addresses, which make it possible to multiplex several rpmsg channels on the same vring. Every rpmsg channel is a device on this bus. When a channel is added, and an appropriate rpmsg driver is found and probed, it is also assigned a local rpmsg address, which is then bound to the driver's callback. When inbound messages carry the local address of a bound driver, its callback is invoked by the bus. This patch provides a kernel interface only; user space interfaces will be later exposed by kernel users of this rpmsg bus. Designed with Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>. Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (virtio_ids.h) Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
| * | remoteproc: add framework for controlling remote processorsOhad Ben-Cohen2012-02-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modern SoCs typically employ a central symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) application processor running Linux, with several other asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) heterogeneous processors running different instances of operating system, whether Linux or any other flavor of real-time OS. Booting a remote processor in an AMP configuration typically involves: - Loading a firmware which contains the OS image - Allocating and providing it required system resources (e.g. memory) - Programming an IOMMU (when relevant) - Powering on the device This patch introduces a generic framework that allows drivers to do that. In the future, this framework will also include runtime power management and error recovery. Based on (but now quite far from) work done by Fernando Guzman Lugo <fernando.lugo@ti.com>. ELF loader was written by Mark Grosen <mgrosen@ti.com>, based on msm's Peripheral Image Loader (PIL) by Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>. Designed with Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>. Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
* | | telephony: Move to stagingJoe Perches2012-02-08
|/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This stuff is really old and in quite poor shape. Does anyone still use it? If not, I think it's appropriate to let it simmer in staging for a few releases. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* / hv: Move Kconfig menu entryBart Van Assche2011-11-26
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | Move the "Device Drivers/Microsoft Hyper-V guest support" menu entry up such that it appears immediately below virtio (KVM and lguest guest driver support) instead of after a hypervisor driver menu entry. Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Cc: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Parallels.com> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* Merge branch 'staging-next' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-10-26
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging * 'staging-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging: (1519 commits) staging: et131x: Remove redundant check and return statement staging: et131x: Mainly whitespace changes to appease checkpatch staging: et131x: Remove last of the forward declarations staging: et131x: Remove even more forward declarations staging: et131x: Remove yet more forward declarations staging: et131x: Remove more forward declarations staging: et131x: Remove forward declaration of et131x_adapter_setup staging: et131x: Remove some forward declarations staging: et131x: Remove unused rx_ring.recv_packet_pool staging: et131x: Remove call to find pci pm capability staging: et131x: Remove redundant et131x_reset_recv() call staging: et131x: Remove unused rx_ring.recv_buffer_pool Staging: bcm: Fix three initialization errors in InterfaceDld.c Staging: bcm: Fix coding style issues in InterfaceDld.c staging:iio:dac: Add AD5360 driver staging:iio:trigger:bfin-timer: Fix compile error Staging: vt6655: add some range checks before memcpy() Staging: vt6655: whitespace fixes to iotcl.c Staging: vt6656: add some range checks before memcpy() Staging: vt6656: whitespace cleanups in ioctl.c ... Fix up conflicts in: - drivers/{Kconfig,Makefile}, drivers/staging/{Kconfig,Makefile}: vg driver movement - drivers/staging/brcm80211/brcmfmac/{dhd_linux.c,mac80211_if.c}: driver removal vs now stale changes - drivers/staging/rtl8192e/r8192E_core.c: driver removal vs now stale changes - drivers/staging/et131x/et131*: driver consolidation into one file, tried to do fixups
| * Staging: hv: move hyperv code out of staging directoryGreg Kroah-Hartman2011-10-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | After many years wandering the desert, it is finally time for the Microsoft HyperV code to move out of the staging directory. Or at least the core hyperv bus code, and the utility driver, the rest still have some review to get through by the various subsystem maintainers. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Signed-off-by: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
* | Merge branch 'pm-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-10-25
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm * 'pm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (63 commits) PM / Clocks: Remove redundant NULL checks before kfree() PM / Documentation: Update docs about suspend and CPU hotplug ACPI / PM: Add Sony VGN-FW21E to nonvs blacklist. ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A4R support (v4) ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A3SP support (v4) PM / Sleep: Mark devices involved in wakeup signaling during suspend PM / Hibernate: Improve performance of LZO/plain hibernation, checksum image PM / Hibernate: Do not initialize static and extern variables to 0 PM / Freezer: Make fake_signal_wake_up() wake TASK_KILLABLE tasks too PM / Hibernate: Add resumedelay kernel param in addition to resumewait MAINTAINERS: Update linux-pm list address PM / ACPI: Blacklist Vaio VGN-FW520F machine known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs PM / ACPI: Blacklist Sony Vaio known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs PM / Hibernate: Add resumewait param to support MMC-like devices as resume file PM / Hibernate: Fix typo in a kerneldoc comment PM / Hibernate: Freeze kernel threads after preallocating memory PM: Update the policy on default wakeup settings PM / VT: Cleanup #if defined uglyness and fix compile error PM / Suspend: Off by one in pm_suspend() PM / Hibernate: Include storage keys in hibernation image on s390 ...
| * | PM: Introduce devfreq: generic DVFS framework with device-specific OPPsMyungJoo Ham2011-10-01
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With OPPs, a device may have multiple operable frequency and voltage sets. However, there can be multiple possible operable sets and a system will need to choose one from them. In order to reduce the power consumption (by reducing frequency and voltage) without affecting the performance too much, a Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) scheme may be used. This patch introduces the DVFS capability to non-CPU devices with OPPs. DVFS is a techique whereby the frequency and supplied voltage of a device is adjusted on-the-fly. DVFS usually sets the frequency as low as possible with given conditions (such as QoS assurance) and adjusts voltage according to the chosen frequency in order to reduce power consumption and heat dissipation. The generic DVFS for devices, devfreq, may appear quite similar with /drivers/cpufreq. However, cpufreq does not allow to have multiple devices registered and is not suitable to have multiple heterogenous devices with different (but simple) governors. Normally, DVFS mechanism controls frequency based on the demand for the device, and then, chooses voltage based on the chosen frequency. devfreq also controls the frequency based on the governor's frequency recommendation and let OPP pick up the pair of frequency and voltage based on the recommended frequency. Then, the chosen OPP is passed to device driver's "target" callback. When PM QoS is going to be used with the devfreq device, the device driver should enable OPPs that are appropriate with the current PM QoS requests. In order to do so, the device driver may call opp_enable and opp_disable at the notifier callback of PM QoS so that PM QoS's update_target() call enables the appropriate OPPs. Note that at least one of OPPs should be enabled at any time; be careful when there is a transition. Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Turquette <mturquette@ti.com> Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
* / drivers: create a pin control subsystemLinus Walleij2011-10-13
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This creates a subsystem for handling of pin control devices. These are devices that control different aspects of package pins. Currently it handles pinmuxing, i.e. assigning electronic functions to groups of pins on primarily PGA and BGA type of chip packages which are common in embedded systems. The plan is to also handle other I/O pin control aspects such as biasing, driving, input properties such as schmitt-triggering, load capacitance etc within this subsystem, to remove a lot of ARM arch code as well as feature-creepy GPIO drivers which are implementing the same thing over and over again. This is being done to depopulate the arch/arm/* directory of such custom drivers and try to abstract the infrastructure they all need. See the Documentation/pinctrl.txt file that is part of this patch for more details. ChangeLog v1->v2: - Various minor fixes from Joe's and Stephens review comments - Added a pinmux_config() that can invoke custom configuration with arbitrary data passed in or out to/from the pinmux driver ChangeLog v2->v3: - Renamed subsystem folder to "pinctrl" since we will likely want to keep other pin control such as biasing in this subsystem too, so let us keep to something generic even though we're mainly doing pinmux now. - As a consequence, register pins as an abstract entity separate from the pinmux. The muxing functions will claim pins out of the pin pool and make sure they do not collide. Pins can now be named by the pinctrl core. - Converted the pin lookup from a static array into a radix tree, I agreed with Grant Likely to try to avoid any static allocation (which is crap for device tree stuff) so I just rewrote this to be dynamic, just like irq number descriptors. The platform-wide definition of number of pins goes away - this is now just the sum total of the pins registered to the subsystem. - Make sure mappings with only a function name and no device works properly. ChangeLog v3->v4: - Define a number space per controller instead of globally, Stephen and Grant requested the same thing so now maps need to define target controller, and the radix tree of pin descriptors is a property on each pin controller device. - Add a compulsory pinctrl device entry to the pinctrl mapping table. This must match the pinctrl device, like "pinctrl.0" - Split the file core.c in two: core.c and pinmux.c where the latter carry all pinmux stuff, the core is for generic pin control, and use local headers to access functionality between files. It is now possible to implement a "blank" pin controller without pinmux capabilities. This split will make new additions like pindrive.c, pinbias.c etc possible for combined drivers and chunks of functionality which is a GoodThing(TM). - Rewrite the interaction with the GPIO subsystem - the pin controller descriptor now handles this by defining an offset into the GPIO numberspace for its handled pin range. This is used to look up the apropriate pin controller for a GPIO pin. Then that specific GPIO range is matched 1-1 for the target controller instance. - Fixed a number of review comments from Joe Perches. - Broke out a header file pinctrl.h for the core pin handling stuff that will be reused by other stuff than pinmux. - Fixed some erroneous EXPORT() stuff. - Remove mispatched U300 Kconfig and Makefile entries - Fixed a number of review comments from Stephen Warren, not all of them - still WIP. But I think the new mapping that will specify which function goes to which pin mux controller address 50% of your concerns (else beat me up). ChangeLog v4->v5: - Defined a "position" for each function, so the pin controller now tracks a function in a certain position, and the pinmux maps define what position you want the function in. (Feedback from Stephen Warren and Sascha Hauer). - Since we now need to request a combined function+position from the machine mapping table that connect mux settings to drivers, it was extended with a position field and a name field. The name field is now used if you e.g. need to switch between two mux map settings at runtime. - Switched from a class device to using struct bus_type for this subsystem. Verified sysfs functionality: seems to work fine. (Feedback from Arnd Bergmann and Greg Kroah-Hartman) - Define a per pincontroller list of GPIO ranges from the GPIO pin space that can be handled by the pin controller. These can be added one by one at runtime. (Feedback from Barry Song) - Expanded documentation of regulator_[get|enable|disable|put] semantics. - Fixed a number of review comments from Barry Song. (Thanks!) ChangeLog v5->v6: - Create an abstract pin group concept that can sort pins into named and enumerated groups no matter what the use of these groups may be, one possible usecase is a group of pins being muxed in or so. The intention is however to also use these groups for other pin control activities. - Make it compulsory for pinmux functions to associate with at least one group, so the abstract pin group concept is used to define the groups of pins affected by a pinmux function. The pinmux driver interface has been altered so as to enforce a function to list applicable groups per function. - Provide an optional .group entry in the pinmux machine map so the map can select beteween different available groups to be used with a certain function. - Consequent changes all over the place so that e.g. debugfs present reasonable information about the world. - Drop the per-pin mux (*config) function in the pinmux_ops struct - I was afraid that this would start to be used for things totally unrelated to muxing, we can introduce that to the generic struct pinctrl_ops if needed. I want to keep muxing orthogonal to other pin control subjects and not mix these things up. ChangeLog v6->v7: - Make it possible to have several map entries matching the same device, pin controller and function, but using a different group, and alter the semantics so that pinmux_get() will pick all matching map entries, and store the associated groups in a list. The list will then be iterated over at pinmux_enable()/pinmux_disable() and corresponding driver functions called for each defined group. Notice that you're only allowed to map multiple *groups* to the same { device, pin controller, function } triplet, attempts to map the same device to multiple pin controllers will for example fail. This is hopefully the crucial feature requested by Stephen Warren. - Add a pinmux hogging field to the pinmux mapping entries, and enable the pinmux core to hog pinmux map entries. This currently only works for pinmuxes without assigned devices as it looks now, but with device trees we can look up the corresponding struct device * entries when we register the pinmux driver, and have it hog each pinmux map in turn, for a simple approach to non-dynamic pin muxing. This addresses an issue from Grant Likely that the machine should take care of as much of the pinmux setup as possible, not the devices. By supplying a list of hogs, it can now instruct the core to take care of any static mappings. - Switch pinmux group retrieveal function to grab an array of strings representing the groups rather than an array of unsigned and rewrite accordingly. - Alter debugfs to show the grouplist handled by each pinmux. Also add a list of hogs. - Dynamically allocate a struct pinmux at pinmux_get() and free it at pinmux_put(), then add these to the global list of pinmuxes active as we go along. - Go over the list of pinmux maps at pinmux_get() time and repeatedly apply matches. - Retrieve applicable groups per function from the driver as a string array rather than a unsigned array, then lookup the enumerators. - Make the device to pinmux map a singleton - only allow the mapping table to be registered once and even tag the registration function with __init so it surely won't be abused. - Create a separate debugfs file to view the pinmux map at runtime. - Introduce a spin lock to the pin descriptor struct, lock it when modifying pin status entries. Reported by Stijn Devriendt. - Fix up the documentation after review from Stephen Warren. - Let the GPIO ranges give names as const char * instead of some fixed-length string. - add a function to unregister GPIO ranges to mirror the registration function. - Privatized the struct pinctrl_device and removed it from the <linux/pinctrl/pinctrl.h> API, the drivers do not need to know the members of this struct. It is now in the local header "core.h". - Rename the concept of "anonymous" mux maps to "system" muxes and add convenience macros and documentation. ChangeLog v7->v8: - Delete the leftover pinmux_config() function from the <linux/pinctrl/pinmux.h> header. - Fix a race condition found by Stijn Devriendt in pin_request() ChangeLog v8->v9: - Drop the bus_type and the sysfs attributes and all, we're not on the clear about how this should be used for e.g. userspace interfaces so let us save this for the future. - Use the right name in MAINTAINERS, PIN CONTROL rather than PINMUX - Don't kfree() the device state holder, let the .remove() callback handle this. - Fix up numerous kerneldoc headers to have one line for the function description and more verbose documentation below the parameters ChangeLog v9->v10: - pinctrl: EXPORT_SYMBOL needs export.h, folded in a patch from Steven Rothwell - fix pinctrl_register error handling, folded in a patch from Axel Lin - Various fixes to documentation text so that it's consistent. - Removed pointless comment from drivers/Kconfig - Removed dependency on SYSFS since we removed the bus in v9. - Renamed hopelessly abbreviated pctldev_* functions to the more verbose pinctrl_dev_* - Drop mutex properly when looking up GPIO ranges - Return NULL instead of ERR_PTR() errors on registration of pin controllers, using cast pointers is fragile. We can live without the detailed error codes for sure. Cc: Stijn Devriendt <highguy@gmail.com> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Acked-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
* Merge branch 'next' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-07-26
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc * 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (99 commits) drivers/virt: add missing linux/interrupt.h to fsl_hypervisor.c powerpc/85xx: fix mpic configuration in CAMP mode powerpc: Copy back TIF flags on return from softirq stack powerpc/64: Make server perfmon only built on ppc64 server devices powerpc/pseries: Fix hvc_vio.c build due to recent changes powerpc: Exporting boot_cpuid_phys powerpc: Add CFAR to oops output hvc_console: Add kdb support powerpc/pseries: Fix hvterm_raw_get_chars to accept < 16 chars, fixing xmon powerpc/irq: Quieten irq mapping printks powerpc: Enable lockup and hung task detectors in pseries and ppc64 defeconfigs powerpc: Add mpt2sas driver to pseries and ppc64 defconfig powerpc: Disable IRQs off tracer in ppc64 defconfig powerpc: Sync pseries and ppc64 defconfigs powerpc/pseries/hvconsole: Fix dropped console output hvc_console: Improve tty/console put_chars handling powerpc/kdump: Fix timeout in crash_kexec_wait_realmode powerpc/mm: Fix output of total_ram. powerpc/cpufreq: Add cpufreq driver for Momentum Maple boards powerpc: Correct annotations of pmu registration functions ... Fix up trivial Kconfig/Makefile conflicts in arch/powerpc, drivers, and drivers/cpufreq
| * drivers/virt: introduce Freescale hypervisor management driverTimur Tabi2011-07-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add the drivers/virt directory, which houses drivers that support virtualization environments, and add the Freescale hypervisor management driver. The Freescale hypervisor management driver provides several services to drivers and applications related to the Freescale hypervisor: 1. An ioctl interface for querying and managing partitions 2. A file interface to reading incoming doorbells 3. An interrupt handler for shutting down the partition upon receiving the shutdown doorbell from a manager partition 4. A kernel interface for receiving callbacks when a managed partition shuts down. Signed-off-by: Timur Tabi <timur@freescale.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
* | virtio: expose for non-virtualization users tooOhad Ben-Cohen2011-07-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | virtio has been so far used only in the context of virtualization, and the virtio Kconfig was sourced directly by the relevant arch Kconfigs when VIRTUALIZATION was selected. Now that we start using virtio for inter-processor communications, we need to source the virtio Kconfig outside of the virtualization scope too. Moreover, some architectures might use virtio for both virtualization and inter-processor communications, so directly sourcing virtio might yield unexpected results due to conflicting selections. The simple solution offered by this patch is to always source virtio's Kconfig in drivers/Kconfig, and remove it from the appropriate arch Kconfigs. Additionally, a virtio menu entry has been added so virtio drivers don't show up in the general drivers menu. This way anyone can use virtio, though it's arguably less accessible (and neat!) for virtualization users now. Note: some architectures (mips and sh) seem to have a VIRTUALIZATION menu merely for sourcing virtio's Kconfig, so that menu is removed too. Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* | Merge branch 'core-iommu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-07-22
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-iommu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: iommu/core: Fix build with INTR_REMAP=y && CONFIG_DMAR=n iommu/amd: Don't use MSI address range for DMA addresses iommu/amd: Move missing parts to drivers/iommu iommu: Move iommu Kconfig entries to submenu x86/ia64: intel-iommu: move to drivers/iommu/ x86: amd_iommu: move to drivers/iommu/ msm: iommu: move to drivers/iommu/ drivers: iommu: move to a dedicated folder x86/amd-iommu: Store device alias as dev_data pointer x86/amd-iommu: Search for existind dev_data before allocting a new one x86/amd-iommu: Allow dev_data->alias to be NULL x86/amd-iommu: Use only dev_data in low-level domain attach/detach functions x86/amd-iommu: Use only dev_data for dte and iotlb flushing routines x86/amd-iommu: Store ATS state in dev_data x86/amd-iommu: Store devid in dev_data x86/amd-iommu: Introduce global dev_data_list x86/amd-iommu: Remove redundant device_flush_dte() calls iommu-api: Add missing header file Fix up trivial conflicts (independent additions close to each other) in drivers/Makefile and include/linux/pci.h
| * | drivers: iommu: move to a dedicated folderOhad Ben-Cohen2011-06-14
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Create a dedicated folder for iommu drivers, and move the base iommu implementation over there. Grouping the various iommu drivers in a single location will help finding similar problems shared by different platforms, so they could be solved once, in the iommu framework, instead of solved differently (or duplicated) in each driver. Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
* | Merge branch 'master' of ↵John W. Linville2011-07-08
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linville/wireless-next-2.6 into for-davem
| * NFC: add nfc subsystem coreLauro Ramos Venancio2011-07-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The NFC subsystem core is responsible for providing the device driver interface. It is also responsible for providing an interface to the control operations and data exchange. Signed-off-by: Lauro Ramos Venancio <lauro.venancio@openbossa.org> Signed-off-by: Aloisio Almeida Jr <aloisio.almeida@openbossa.org> Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
* | ptp: Added a brand new class driver for ptp clocks.Richard Cochran2011-05-23
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds an infrastructure for hardware clocks that implement IEEE 1588, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). A class driver offers a registration method to particular hardware clock drivers. Each clock is presented as a standard POSIX clock. The ancillary clock features are exposed in two different ways, via the sysfs and by a character device. Signed-off-by: Richard Cochran <richard.cochran@omicron.at> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
* Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next-2.6Linus Torvalds2011-05-20
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next-2.6: (1446 commits) macvlan: fix panic if lowerdev in a bond tg3: Add braces around 5906 workaround. tg3: Fix NETIF_F_LOOPBACK error macvlan: remove one synchronize_rcu() call networking: NET_CLS_ROUTE4 depends on INET irda: Fix error propagation in ircomm_lmp_connect_response() irda: Kill set but unused variable 'bytes' in irlan_check_command_param() irda: Kill set but unused variable 'clen' in ircomm_connect_indication() rxrpc: Fix set but unused variable 'usage' in rxrpc_get_transport() be2net: Kill set but unused variable 'req' in lancer_fw_download() irda: Kill set but unused vars 'saddr' and 'daddr' in irlan_provider_connect_indication() atl1c: atl1c_resume() is only used when CONFIG_PM_SLEEP is defined. rxrpc: Fix set but unused variable 'usage' in rxrpc_get_peer(). rxrpc: Kill set but unused variable 'local' in rxrpc_UDP_error_handler() rxrpc: Kill set but unused variable 'sp' in rxrpc_process_connection() rxrpc: Kill set but unused variable 'sp' in rxrpc_rotate_tx_window() pkt_sched: Kill set but unused variable 'protocol' in tc_classify() isdn: capi: Use pr_debug() instead of ifdefs. tg3: Update version to 3.119 tg3: Apply rx_discards fix to 5719/5720 ... Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/Kconfig and net/mac80211/agg-tx.c as per Davem.
| * bcma: add Broadcom specific AMBA bus driverRafał Miłecki2011-05-10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Broadcom has released cards based on a new AMBA-based bus type. From a programming point of view, this new bus type differs from AMBA and does not use AMBA common registers. It also differs enough from SSB. We decided that a new bus driver is needed to keep the code clean. In its current form, the driver detects devices present on the bus and registers them in the system. It allows registering BCMA drivers for specified bus devices and provides them basic operations. The bus driver itself includes two important bus managing drivers: ChipCommon core driver and PCI(c) core driver. They are early used to allow correct initialization. Currently code is limited to supporting buses on PCI(e) devices, however the driver is designed to be used also on other hosts. The host abstraction layer is implemented and already used for PCI(e). Support for PCI(e) hosts is working and seems to be stable (access to 80211 core was tested successfully on a few devices). We can still optimize it by using some fixed windows, but this can be done later without affecting any external code. Windows are just ranges in MMIO used for accessing cores on the bus. Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Michael Büsch <mb@bu3sch.de> Cc: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net> Cc: George Kashperko <george@znau.edu.ua> Cc: Arend van Spriel <arend@broadcom.com> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andy Botting <andy@andybotting.com> Cc: linuxdriverproject <devel@linuxdriverproject.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
* | clocksource: add common i8253 PIT clocksourceRussell King2011-05-14
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | This is based upon both arch/arm/mach-footbridge/isa-timer.c and arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c. Acked-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
* drivers: hwspinlock: add frameworkOhad Ben-Cohen2011-02-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a platform-independent hwspinlock framework. Hardware spinlock devices are needed, e.g., in order to access data that is shared between remote processors, that otherwise have no alternative mechanism to accomplish synchronization and mutual exclusion operations. Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com> Cc: Hari Kanigeri <h-kanigeri2@ti.com> Cc: Benoit Cousson <b-cousson@ti.com> Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com> Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
* [SCSI] target: Add LIO target core v4.0.0-rc6Nicholas Bellinger2011-01-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LIO target is a full featured in-kernel target framework with the following feature set: High-performance, non-blocking, multithreaded architecture with SIMD support. Advanced SCSI feature set: * Persistent Reservations (PRs) * Asymmetric Logical Unit Assignment (ALUA) * Protocol and intra-nexus multiplexing, load-balancing and failover (MC/S) * Full Error Recovery (ERL=0,1,2) * Active/active task migration and session continuation (ERL=2) * Thin LUN provisioning (UNMAP and WRITE_SAMExx) Multiprotocol target plugins Storage media independence: * Virtualization of all storage media; transparent mapping of IO to LUNs * No hard limits on number of LUNs per Target; maximum LUN size ~750 TB * Backstores: SATA, SAS, SCSI, BluRay, DVD, FLASH, USB, ramdisk, etc. Standards compliance: * Full compliance with IETF (RFC 3720) * Full implementation of SPC-4 PRs and ALUA Significant code cleanups done by Christoph Hellwig. [jejb: fix up for new block bdev exclusive interface. Minor fixes from Randy Dunlap and Dan Carpenter.] Signed-off-by: Nicholas A. Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org> Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
* NFC: Driver for NXP Semiconductors PN544 NFC chip.Matti J. Aaltonen2011-01-13
| | | | | | | | | | | | Creates a new "Near Field Communication" subsystem in drivers/nfc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication is useful ;) This is a driver for the pn544 NFC device. The driver transfers ETSI messages between the device and the user space. Signed-off-by: Matti J. Aaltonen <matti.j.aaltonen@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>