30 files changed, 262 insertions, 291 deletions

diff --git a/sound/isa/Kconfig b/sound/isa/Kconfig
index 5915dc41c0ee..4e06bbd9298d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/Kconfig
+++ b/sound/isa/Kconfig
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ config SND_AD1848
           Say Y here to include support for AD1848 (Analog Devices) or
           CS4248 (Cirrus Logic - Crystal Semiconductors) chips.
           
-          For newer chips from Cirrus Logic, use the CS4231, CS4232 or
-          CS4236+ drivers.
+          For newer chips from Cirrus Logic, use the CS4231 or CS4232+
+          drivers.
 
           To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
           will be called snd-ad1848.
@@ -114,26 +114,15 @@ config SND_CS4231
           To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
           will be called snd-cs4231.
 
-config SND_CS4232
-        tristate "Generic Cirrus Logic CS4232 driver"
-        select SND_OPL3_LIB
-        select SND_MPU401_UART
-        select SND_WSS_LIB
-        help
-          Say Y here to include support for CS4232 chips from Cirrus
-          Logic - Crystal Semiconductors.
-
-          To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
-          will be called snd-cs4232.
-
 config SND_CS4236
-        tristate "Generic Cirrus Logic CS4236+ driver"
+        tristate "Generic Cirrus Logic CS4232/CS4236+ driver"
         select SND_OPL3_LIB
         select SND_MPU401_UART
         select SND_WSS_LIB
         help
-          Say Y to include support for CS4235,CS4236,CS4237B,CS4238B,
-          CS4239 chips from Cirrus Logic - Crystal Semiconductors.
+          Say Y to include support for CS4232,CS4235,CS4236,CS4237B,
+          CS4238B,CS4239 chips from Cirrus Logic - Crystal
+          Semiconductors.
 
           To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
           will be called snd-cs4236.
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
index 15f60107a11e..bbcbf92a8ebe 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
@@ -158,9 +158,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_ad1816a_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         struct snd_timer *timer;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = (struct snd_card_ad1816a *)card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_ad1816a_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
index 223a6c038819..4beeb6f98e0e 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ad1848_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], -1,
                         thinkpad[n] ? WSS_HW_THINKPAD : WSS_HW_DETECT,
diff --git a/sound/isa/adlib.c b/sound/isa/adlib.c
index 374b7177e111..7465ae036e0b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/adlib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/adlib.c
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_adlib_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card) {
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0) {
                 dev_err(dev, "could not create card\n");
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return error;
         }
 
         card->private_data = request_region(port[n], 4, CRD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/isa/als100.c b/sound/isa/als100.c
index f1ce30f379c9..5fd52e4d7079 100644
--- a/sound/isa/als100.c
+++ b/sound/isa/als100.c
@@ -163,9 +163,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_als100_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_card_als100 *acard;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_als100))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_als100), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_als100_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/azt2320.c b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
index 3e74d1a3928e..f7aa637b0d18 100644
--- a/sound/isa/azt2320.c
+++ b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_azt2320_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_wss *chip;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = (struct snd_card_azt2320 *)card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_azt2320_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
index 9ca8122f7ba2..de83608719ea 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
@@ -497,20 +497,22 @@ static int snd_cmi8330_resume(struct snd_card *card)
 
 #define PFX     "cmi8330: "
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_cmi8330 *acard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330));
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330), &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "could not get a new card\n");
-                return NULL;
+                return err;
         }
         acard = card->private_data;
         acard->card = card;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -616,9 +618,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_cmi8330_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -680,9 +682,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
                                
-        card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
         if ((res = snd_cmi8330_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "PnP detection failed\n");
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/Makefile b/sound/isa/cs423x/Makefile
index 5870ca21ab59..6d397e8d54ac 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/Makefile
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/Makefile
@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2001 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 #
 
-snd-cs4236-lib-objs := cs4236_lib.o
 snd-cs4231-objs := cs4231.o
-snd-cs4232-objs := cs4232.o
-snd-cs4236-objs := cs4236.o
+snd-cs4236-objs := cs4236.o cs4236_lib.o
 
 # Toplevel Module Dependency
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_CS4231) += snd-cs4231.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_CS4232) += snd-cs4232.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_CS4236) += snd-cs4236.o snd-cs4236-lib.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_CS4236) += snd-cs4236.o
+
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
index f019d449e2d6..cb9153e75b82 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4231_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], dma2[n],
                         WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4232.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4232.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fad2e6c0c2c..000000000000
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4232.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#define CS4232
-#include "cs4236.c"
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
index 019c9401663e..a076a6ce8071 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
@@ -33,17 +33,14 @@
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-#ifdef CS4232
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Cirrus Logic CS4232");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Cirrus Logic CS4232-9");
 MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Turtle Beach,TBS-2000},"
                 "{Turtle Beach,Tropez Plus},"
                 "{SIC CrystalWave 32},"
                 "{Hewlett Packard,Omnibook 5500},"
                 "{TerraTec,Maestro 32/96},"
-                "{Philips,PCA70PS}}");
-#else
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Cirrus Logic CS4235-9");
-MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4235},"
+                "{Philips,PCA70PS}},"
+                "{{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4235},"
                 "{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4236},"
                 "{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4237},"
                 "{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4238},"
@@ -70,15 +67,11 @@ MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Crystal Semiconductors,CS4235},"
                 "{Typhoon Soundsystem,CS4236B},"
                 "{Turtle Beach,Malibu},"
                 "{Unknown,Digital PC 5000 Onboard}}");
-#endif
 
-#ifdef CS4232
-#define IDENT "CS4232"
-#define DEV_NAME "cs4232"
-#else
-#define IDENT "CS4236+"
-#define DEV_NAME "cs4236"
-#endif
+MODULE_ALIAS("snd_cs4232");
+
+#define IDENT "CS4232+"
+#define DEV_NAME "cs4232+"
 
 static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;      /* Index 0-MAX */
 static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;       /* ID for this card */
@@ -128,9 +121,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(dma2, "DMA2 # for " IDENT " driver.");
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
 static int isa_registered;
 static int pnpc_registered;
-#ifdef CS4232
 static int pnp_registered;
-#endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_PNP */
 
 struct snd_card_cs4236 {
@@ -145,11 +136,10 @@ struct snd_card_cs4236 {
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
 
-#ifdef CS4232
 /*
  * PNP BIOS
  */
-static const struct pnp_device_id snd_cs4232_pnpbiosids[] = {
+static const struct pnp_device_id snd_cs423x_pnpbiosids[] = {
         { .id = "CSC0100" },
         { .id = "CSC0000" },
         /* Guillemot Turtlebeach something appears to be cs4232 compatible
@@ -157,10 +147,8 @@ static const struct pnp_device_id snd_cs4232_pnpbiosids[] = {
         { .id = "GIM0100" },
         { .id = "" }
 };
-MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pnp, snd_cs4232_pnpbiosids);
-#endif /* CS4232 */
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pnp, snd_cs423x_pnpbiosids);
 
-#ifdef CS4232
 #define CS423X_ISAPNP_DRIVER    "cs4232_isapnp"
 static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_cs423x_pnpids[] = {
         /* Philips PCA70PS */
@@ -179,12 +167,6 @@ static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_cs423x_pnpids[] = {
         { .id = "CSCf032", .devs = { { "CSC0000" }, { "CSC0010" }, { "CSC0003" } } },
         /* Netfinity 3000 on-board soundcard */
         { .id = "CSCe825", .devs = { { "CSC0100" }, { "CSC0110" }, { "CSC010f" } } },
-        /* --- */
-        { .id = "" }    /* end */
-};
-#else /* CS4236 */
-#define CS423X_ISAPNP_DRIVER    "cs4236_isapnp"
-static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_cs423x_pnpids[] = {
         /* Intel Marlin Spike Motherboard - CS4235 */
         { .id = "CSC0225", .devs = { { "CSC0000" }, { "CSC0010" }, { "CSC0003" } } },
         /* Intel Marlin Spike Motherboard (#2) - CS4235 */
@@ -266,7 +248,6 @@ static struct pnp_card_device_id snd_cs423x_pnpids[] = {
         /* --- */
         { .id = "" }    /* end */
 };
-#endif
 
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pnp_card, snd_cs423x_pnpids);
 
@@ -323,17 +304,19 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_pnp_init_mpu(int dev, struct pnp_dev *pdev)
         return 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef CS4232
-static int __devinit snd_card_cs4232_pnp(int dev, struct snd_card_cs4236 *acard,
-                                         struct pnp_dev *pdev)
+static int __devinit snd_card_cs423x_pnp(int dev, struct snd_card_cs4236 *acard,
+                                         struct pnp_dev *pdev,
+                                         struct pnp_dev *cdev)
 {
         acard->wss = pdev;
         if (snd_cs423x_pnp_init_wss(dev, acard->wss) < 0)
                 return -EBUSY;
-        cport[dev] = -1;
+        if (cdev)
+                cport[dev] = pnp_port_start(cdev, 0);
+        else
+                cport[dev] = -1;
         return 0;
 }
-#endif
 
 static int __devinit snd_card_cs423x_pnpc(int dev, struct snd_card_cs4236 *acard,
                                           struct pnp_card_link *card,
@@ -382,16 +365,18 @@ static void snd_card_cs4236_free(struct snd_card *card)
         release_and_free_resource(acard->res_sb_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_card_cs4236_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cs423x_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -409,40 +394,39 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
                         return -EBUSY;
                 }
 
-#ifdef CS4232
         err = snd_wss_create(card, port[dev], cport[dev],
                              irq[dev],
                              dma1[dev], dma2[dev],
-                             WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
-        if (err < 0)
-                return err;
-        acard->chip = chip;
-
-        err = snd_wss_pcm(chip, 0, &pcm);
-        if (err < 0)
-                return err;
-
-        err = snd_wss_mixer(chip);
+                             WSS_HW_DETECT3, 0, &chip);
         if (err < 0)
                 return err;
-
-#else /* CS4236 */
-        err = snd_cs4236_create(card,
-                                port[dev], cport[dev],
-                                irq[dev], dma1[dev], dma2[dev],
-                                WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
-        if (err < 0)
-                return err;
-        acard->chip = chip;
-
-        err = snd_cs4236_pcm(chip, 0, &pcm);
-        if (err < 0)
-                return err;
-
-        err = snd_cs4236_mixer(chip);
-        if (err < 0)
-                return err;
-#endif
+        if (chip->hardware & WSS_HW_CS4236B_MASK) {
+                snd_wss_free(chip);
+                err = snd_cs4236_create(card,
+                                        port[dev], cport[dev],
+                                        irq[dev], dma1[dev], dma2[dev],
+                                        WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
+                if (err < 0)
+                        return err;
+                acard->chip = chip;
+
+                err = snd_cs4236_pcm(chip, 0, &pcm);
+                if (err < 0)
+                        return err;
+
+                err = snd_cs4236_mixer(chip);
+                if (err < 0)
+                        return err;
+        } else {
+                acard->chip = chip;
+                err = snd_wss_pcm(chip, 0, &pcm);
+                if (err < 0)
+                        return err;
+
+                err = snd_wss_mixer(chip);
+                if (err < 0)
+                        return err;
+        }
         strcpy(card->driver, pcm->name);
         strcpy(card->shortname, pcm->name);
         sprintf(card->longname, "%s at 0x%lx, irq %i, dma %i",
@@ -512,9 +496,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_cs423x_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -577,13 +561,14 @@ static struct isa_driver cs423x_isa_driver = {
 
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
-#ifdef CS4232
-static int __devinit snd_cs4232_pnpbios_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
+static int __devinit snd_cs423x_pnpbios_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
                                                const struct pnp_device_id *id)
 {
         static int dev;
         int err;
         struct snd_card *card;
+        struct pnp_dev *cdev;
+        char cid[PNP_ID_LEN];
 
         if (pnp_device_is_isapnp(pdev))
                 return -ENOENT; /* we have another procedure - card */
@@ -594,10 +579,19 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4232_pnpbios_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        if ((err = snd_card_cs4232_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
+        /* prepare second id */
+        strcpy(cid, pdev->id[0].id);
+        cid[5] = '1';
+        cdev = NULL;
+        list_for_each_entry(cdev, &(pdev->protocol->devices), protocol_list) {
+                if (!strcmp(cdev->id[0].id, cid))
+                        break;
+        }
+        err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
+        err = snd_card_cs423x_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev, cdev);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 printk(KERN_ERR "PnP BIOS detection failed for " IDENT "\n");
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -612,35 +606,34 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4232_pnpbios_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void __devexit snd_cs4232_pnp_remove(struct pnp_dev * pdev)
+static void __devexit snd_cs423x_pnp_remove(struct pnp_dev *pdev)
 {
         snd_card_free(pnp_get_drvdata(pdev));
         pnp_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
-static int snd_cs4232_pnp_suspend(struct pnp_dev *pdev, pm_message_t state)
+static int snd_cs423x_pnp_suspend(struct pnp_dev *pdev, pm_message_t state)
 {
         return snd_cs423x_suspend(pnp_get_drvdata(pdev));
 }
 
-static int snd_cs4232_pnp_resume(struct pnp_dev *pdev)
+static int snd_cs423x_pnp_resume(struct pnp_dev *pdev)
 {
         return snd_cs423x_resume(pnp_get_drvdata(pdev));
 }
 #endif
 
-static struct pnp_driver cs4232_pnp_driver = {
-        .name = "cs4232-pnpbios",
-        .id_table = snd_cs4232_pnpbiosids,
-        .probe = snd_cs4232_pnpbios_detect,
-        .remove = __devexit_p(snd_cs4232_pnp_remove),
+static struct pnp_driver cs423x_pnp_driver = {
+        .name = "cs423x-pnpbios",
+        .id_table = snd_cs423x_pnpbiosids,
+        .probe = snd_cs423x_pnpbios_detect,
+        .remove = __devexit_p(snd_cs423x_pnp_remove),
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
-        .suspend        = snd_cs4232_pnp_suspend,
-        .resume         = snd_cs4232_pnp_resume,
+        .suspend        = snd_cs423x_pnp_suspend,
+        .resume         = snd_cs423x_pnp_resume,
 #endif
 };
-#endif /* CS4232 */
 
 static int __devinit snd_cs423x_pnpc_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
                                             const struct pnp_card_device_id *pid)
@@ -656,9 +649,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_pnpc_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
         if ((res = snd_card_cs423x_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 printk(KERN_ERR "isapnp detection failed and probing for " IDENT
                        " is not supported\n");
@@ -714,18 +707,14 @@ static int __init alsa_card_cs423x_init(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
         if (!err)
                 isa_registered = 1;
-#ifdef CS4232
-        err = pnp_register_driver(&cs4232_pnp_driver);
+        err = pnp_register_driver(&cs423x_pnp_driver);
         if (!err)
                 pnp_registered = 1;
-#endif
         err = pnp_register_card_driver(&cs423x_pnpc_driver);
         if (!err)
                 pnpc_registered = 1;
-#ifdef CS4232
         if (pnp_registered)
                 err = 0;
-#endif
         if (isa_registered)
                 err = 0;
 #endif
@@ -737,10 +726,8 @@ static void __exit alsa_card_cs423x_exit(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_PNP
         if (pnpc_registered)
                 pnp_unregister_card_driver(&cs423x_pnpc_driver);
-#ifdef CS4232
         if (pnp_registered)
-                pnp_unregister_driver(&cs4232_pnp_driver);
-#endif
+                pnp_unregister_driver(&cs423x_pnp_driver);
         if (isa_registered)
 #endif
                 isa_unregister_driver(&cs423x_isa_driver);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
index 2406efdfd8dd..38835f31298b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236_lib.c
@@ -88,10 +88,6 @@
 #include <sound/wss.h>
 #include <sound/asoundef.h>
 
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>");
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Routines for control of CS4235/4236B/4237B/4238B/4239 chips");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-
 /*
  *
  */
@@ -1022,23 +1018,3 @@ int snd_cs4236_mixer(struct snd_wss *chip)
         }
         return 0;
 }
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_cs4236_create);
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_cs4236_pcm);
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_cs4236_mixer);
-
-/*
- *  INIT part
- */
-
-static int __init alsa_cs4236_init(void)
-{
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_cs4236_exit(void)
-{
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_cs4236_init)
-module_exit(alsa_cs4236_exit)
diff --git a/sound/isa/dt019x.c b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
index a0242c3b613e..80f5b1af9be8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/dt019x.c
+++ b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
@@ -150,9 +150,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_dt019x_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         struct snd_card_dt019x *acard;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
 
         snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
index b0eb0cf6050e..442b081cafb7 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es1688_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_es1688_legacy_create(card, dev, n, &chip);
         if (error < 0)
diff --git a/sound/isa/es18xx.c b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
index 90498e4ca260..8cfbff73a835 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es18xx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
@@ -2125,10 +2125,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnpc(int dev, struct snd_audiodrive *acard,
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)         0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-        return snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive));
+        return snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                               sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive), cardp);
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -2197,9 +2197,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es18xx_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *devptr)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
         if ((err = snd_audiodrive_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -2303,9 +2303,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnp_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_audiodrive_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -2362,9 +2362,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnpc_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if ((res = snd_audiodrive_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
index 426532a4d730..086b8f0e0f94 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusclassic_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_gus_card *gus;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if (pcm_channels[n] < 2)
                 pcm_channels[n] = 2;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
index 7ad4c3b41a84..180a8dea6bd9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusextreme_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if (mpu_port[n] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
                 mpu_port[n] = 0;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
index f94c1976e632..f26eac8d8110 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusmax_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_wss *wss;
         struct snd_gusmax *maxcard;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_gusmax));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_gusmax), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_gusmax_free;
         maxcard = (struct snd_gusmax *)card->private_data;
         maxcard->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
index 418d49eef926..534a6eced2b8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
@@ -628,20 +628,22 @@ static void snd_interwave_free(struct snd_card *card)
                 free_irq(iwcard->irq, (void *)iwcard);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_interwave_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_interwave_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_interwave *iwcard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_interwave));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_interwave), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         iwcard = card->private_data;
         iwcard->card = card;
         iwcard->irq = -1;
         card->private_free = snd_interwave_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_interwave_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -780,9 +782,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_interwave_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *devptr)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
         if ((err = snd_interwave_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
@@ -878,9 +880,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_interwave_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
                                 
-        card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if ((res = snd_interwave_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
index 3f0b877bc8b5..ef95279da7a3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
@@ -627,21 +627,24 @@ static void snd_opl3sa2_free(struct snd_card *card)
         release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_opl3sa2 *chip;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         strcpy(card->driver, "OPL3SA2");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Yamaha OPL3-SA");
         chip = card->private_data;
         spin_lock_init(&chip->reg_lock);
         chip->irq = -1;
         card->private_free = snd_opl3sa2_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -733,9 +736,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -799,9 +802,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_cdetect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -880,9 +883,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
index 440755cc0013..02e30d7c6a93 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
@@ -1228,9 +1228,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_miro_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 
-        if (!(card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
-                                  sizeof(struct snd_miro))))
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_miro), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         card->private_free = snd_card_miro_free;
         miro = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
index d5bc0e03132a..5cd555325b9d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
@@ -828,15 +828,18 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_probe(struct snd_card *card)
         return snd_card_register(card);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opti9xx_card_new(void)
+static int snd_opti9xx_card_new(struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx));
-        if (! card)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_card_opti9xx_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_isa_match(struct device *devptr,
@@ -901,9 +904,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_isa_probe(struct device *devptr,
         }
 #endif
 
-        card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_opti9xx_detect(card, card->private_data)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -948,9 +951,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_pnp_probe(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
                 return -EBUSY;
         if (! isapnp)
                 return -ENODEV;
-        card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         chip = card->private_data;
 
         hw = snd_card_opti9xx_pnp(chip, pcard, pid);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
index c8c8e214c843..cafc3a7316a8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_es968_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_card_es968 *acard;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_es968))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_es968), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
         if ((error = snd_card_es968_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
index 2c201f78ce50..519c36346dec 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
@@ -324,14 +324,18 @@ static void snd_sb16_free(struct snd_card *card)
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)         0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_sb16_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_sb16_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-        struct snd_card *card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                        sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
+
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_sb16_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_sb16_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -489,9 +493,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb16_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *pdev)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         acard = card->private_data;
         /* non-PnP FM port address is hardwired with base port address */
@@ -610,9 +614,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb16_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         for ( ; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; dev++) {
                 if (!enable[dev] || !isapnp[dev])
                         continue;
-                card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-                if (! card)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                res = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+                if (res < 0)
+                        return res;
                 snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
                 if ((res = snd_card_sb16_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0 ||
                     (res = snd_sb16_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
index ea06877be4b1..3cd57ee54660 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb8_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_sb8));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_sb8), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         acard = card->private_data;
         card->private_free = snd_sb8_free;
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/sc6000.c b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
index bbc53692e68d..782010608ef4 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sc6000.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sc6000_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
         char __iomem *vmss_port;
 
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
                 xirq = snd_legacy_find_free_irq(possible_irqs);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
index 2c7503bf1271..6fe27b9d9440 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sgalaxy_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_wss *chip;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         xirq = irq[dev];
         if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/sscape.c b/sound/isa/sscape.c
index 48a16d865834..4025fb558c50 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sscape.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sscape.c
@@ -1357,10 +1357,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sscape_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct soundscape *sscape;
         int ret;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct soundscape));
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        ret = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
 
         sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
         sscape->type = SSCAPE;
@@ -1462,10 +1462,10 @@ static int __devinit sscape_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
          * Create a new ALSA sound card entry, in anticipation
          * of detecting our hardware ...
          */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct soundscape));
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        ret = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
 
         sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
index c280e6220aee..a34ae7b1f7d0 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
@@ -338,15 +338,16 @@ snd_wavefront_free(struct snd_card *card)
         }
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         snd_wavefront_card_t *acard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new (index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                             sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         acard = card->private_data;
         acard->wavefront.irq = -1;
@@ -357,7 +358,8 @@ static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
         acard->wavefront.card = card;
         card->private_free = snd_wavefront_free;
 
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit
@@ -567,9 +569,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_wavefront_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_wavefront_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -616,9 +618,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_wavefront_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if (snd_wavefront_pnp (dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid) < 0) {
                 if (cs4232_pcm_port[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
index 8de5deda7ad6..ac27832b2c6f 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ static void snd_wss_resume(struct snd_wss *chip)
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 
-static int snd_wss_free(struct snd_wss *chip)
+int snd_wss_free(struct snd_wss *chip)
 {
         release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
         release_and_free_resource(chip->res_cport);
@@ -1680,6 +1680,7 @@ static int snd_wss_free(struct snd_wss *chip)
         kfree(chip);
         return 0;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_wss_free);
 
 static int snd_wss_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 {