25 files changed, 182 insertions, 158 deletions

diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
index 77524244a846..9660e598232c 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c
@@ -157,9 +157,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_ad1816a_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard
         struct snd_ad1816a *chip;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = (struct snd_card_ad1816a *)card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_ad1816a_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
index 223a6c038819..4beeb6f98e0e 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ad1848_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], -1,
                         thinkpad[n] ? WSS_HW_THINKPAD : WSS_HW_DETECT,
diff --git a/sound/isa/adlib.c b/sound/isa/adlib.c
index 374b7177e111..7465ae036e0b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/adlib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/adlib.c
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_adlib_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card) {
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0) {
                 dev_err(dev, "could not create card\n");
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return error;
         }
 
         card->private_data = request_region(port[n], 4, CRD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/isa/als100.c b/sound/isa/als100.c
index f1ce30f379c9..5fd52e4d7079 100644
--- a/sound/isa/als100.c
+++ b/sound/isa/als100.c
@@ -163,9 +163,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_als100_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_card_als100 *acard;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_als100))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_als100), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_als100_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/azt2320.c b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
index 3e74d1a3928e..f7aa637b0d18 100644
--- a/sound/isa/azt2320.c
+++ b/sound/isa/azt2320.c
@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_azt2320_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_wss *chip;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = (struct snd_card_azt2320 *)card->private_data;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_azt2320_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
index e49aec700a55..24e60902f8ca 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cmi8330.c
@@ -467,20 +467,22 @@ static int snd_cmi8330_resume(struct snd_card *card)
 
 #define PFX     "cmi8330: "
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_cmi8330 *acard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330));
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330), &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "could not get a new card\n");
-                return NULL;
+                return err;
         }
         acard = card->private_data;
         acard->card = card;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -564,9 +566,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_cmi8330_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -628,9 +630,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
                                
-        card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
         if ((res = snd_cmi8330_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "PnP detection failed\n");
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
index f019d449e2d6..cb9153e75b82 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4231_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], dma2[n],
                         WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
index 019c9401663e..f7845986f467 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c
@@ -382,16 +382,18 @@ static void snd_card_cs4236_free(struct snd_card *card)
         release_and_free_resource(acard->res_sb_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_card_cs4236_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cs423x_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -512,9 +514,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_cs423x_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -594,9 +596,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4232_pnpbios_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_card_cs4232_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 printk(KERN_ERR "PnP BIOS detection failed for " IDENT "\n");
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -656,9 +658,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs423x_pnpc_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
         if ((res = snd_card_cs423x_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 printk(KERN_ERR "isapnp detection failed and probing for " IDENT
                        " is not supported\n");
diff --git a/sound/isa/dt019x.c b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
index a0242c3b613e..80f5b1af9be8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/dt019x.c
+++ b/sound/isa/dt019x.c
@@ -150,9 +150,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_dt019x_probe(int dev, struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         struct snd_card_dt019x *acard;
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
 
         snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
index b46377139cf8..d746750410ea 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es1688_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         error = snd_es1688_legacy_create(card, dev, n, &chip);
         if (error < 0)
diff --git a/sound/isa/es18xx.c b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
index 90498e4ca260..8cfbff73a835 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es18xx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
@@ -2125,10 +2125,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnpc(int dev, struct snd_audiodrive *acard,
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)         0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-        return snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive));
+        return snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                               sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive), cardp);
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -2197,9 +2197,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es18xx_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *devptr)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
         if ((err = snd_audiodrive_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -2303,9 +2303,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnp_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_audiodrive_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -2362,9 +2362,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_pnpc_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if ((res = snd_audiodrive_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
index 426532a4d730..086b8f0e0f94 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusclassic_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_gus_card *gus;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if (pcm_channels[n] < 2)
                 pcm_channels[n] = 2;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
index 7ad4c3b41a84..180a8dea6bd9 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusextreme_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int error;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if (mpu_port[n] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
                 mpu_port[n] = 0;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
index f94c1976e632..f26eac8d8110 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_gusmax_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_wss *wss;
         struct snd_gusmax *maxcard;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_gusmax));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_gusmax), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_gusmax_free;
         maxcard = (struct snd_gusmax *)card->private_data;
         maxcard->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
index 5faecfb602d3..50e429a120da 100644
--- a/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
+++ b/sound/isa/gus/interwave.c
@@ -626,20 +626,22 @@ static void snd_interwave_free(struct snd_card *card)
                 free_irq(iwcard->irq, (void *)iwcard);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_interwave_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_interwave_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_interwave *iwcard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_interwave));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_interwave), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         iwcard = card->private_data;
         iwcard->card = card;
         iwcard->irq = -1;
         card->private_free = snd_interwave_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_interwave_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -778,9 +780,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_interwave_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *devptr)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
         if ((err = snd_interwave_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
@@ -876,9 +878,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_interwave_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
                                 
-        card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if ((res = snd_interwave_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
index 58c972b2af03..645491a53023 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opl3sa2.c
@@ -617,21 +617,24 @@ static void snd_opl3sa2_free(struct snd_card *card)
         release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_opl3sa2 *chip;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         strcpy(card->driver, "OPL3SA2");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Yamaha OPL3-SA2");
         chip = card->private_data;
         spin_lock_init(&chip->reg_lock);
         chip->irq = -1;
         card->private_free = snd_opl3sa2_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -723,9 +726,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_detect(struct pnp_dev *pdev,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -789,9 +792,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_pnp_cdetect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
@@ -870,9 +873,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
index 440755cc0013..02e30d7c6a93 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c
@@ -1228,9 +1228,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_miro_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int n)
         struct snd_pcm *pcm;
         struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 
-        if (!(card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
-                                  sizeof(struct snd_miro))))
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_miro), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         card->private_free = snd_card_miro_free;
         miro = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
index 19706b0d8497..cd6e60a6a4ea 100644
--- a/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
+++ b/sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c
@@ -830,15 +830,18 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_probe(struct snd_card *card)
         return snd_card_register(card);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opti9xx_card_new(void)
+static int snd_opti9xx_card_new(struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx));
-        if (! card)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_card_opti9xx_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_isa_match(struct device *devptr,
@@ -903,9 +906,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_isa_probe(struct device *devptr,
         }
 #endif
 
-        card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
 
         if ((error = snd_card_opti9xx_detect(card, card->private_data)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -950,9 +953,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_pnp_probe(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
                 return -EBUSY;
         if (! isapnp)
                 return -ENODEV;
-        card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         chip = card->private_data;
 
         hw = snd_card_opti9xx_pnp(chip, pcard, pid);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
index c8c8e214c843..cafc3a7316a8 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/es968.c
@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_es968_probe(int dev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_card_es968 *acard;
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct snd_card_es968))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct snd_card_es968), &card);
+        if (error < 0)
+                return error;
         acard = card->private_data;
         if ((error = snd_card_es968_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
index 2c201f78ce50..519c36346dec 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16.c
@@ -324,14 +324,18 @@ static void snd_sb16_free(struct snd_card *card)
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)         0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_sb16_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_sb16_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-        struct snd_card *card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                        sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
+
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_sb16_free;
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_sb16_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
@@ -489,9 +493,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb16_isa_probe1(int dev, struct device *pdev)
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         acard = card->private_data;
         /* non-PnP FM port address is hardwired with base port address */
@@ -610,9 +614,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb16_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         for ( ; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; dev++) {
                 if (!enable[dev] || !isapnp[dev])
                         continue;
-                card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-                if (! card)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                res = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+                if (res < 0)
+                        return res;
                 snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
                 if ((res = snd_card_sb16_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0 ||
                     (res = snd_sb16_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
index ea06877be4b1..3cd57ee54660 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb8.c
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sb8_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_sb8));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_sb8), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         acard = card->private_data;
         card->private_free = snd_sb8_free;
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/sc6000.c b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
index ca35924dc3b3..7a1470376c6d 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sc6000.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sc6000.c
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sc6000_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
         char __iomem *vmss_port;
 
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
                 xirq = snd_legacy_find_free_irq(possible_irqs);
diff --git a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
index 2c7503bf1271..6fe27b9d9440 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sgalaxy.c
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sgalaxy_probe(struct device *devptr, unsigned int dev)
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_wss *chip;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         xirq = irq[dev];
         if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
diff --git a/sound/isa/sscape.c b/sound/isa/sscape.c
index 48a16d865834..4025fb558c50 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sscape.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sscape.c
@@ -1357,10 +1357,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_sscape_probe(struct device *pdev, unsigned int dev)
         struct soundscape *sscape;
         int ret;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct soundscape));
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        ret = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
 
         sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
         sscape->type = SSCAPE;
@@ -1462,10 +1462,10 @@ static int __devinit sscape_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
          * Create a new ALSA sound card entry, in anticipation
          * of detecting our hardware ...
          */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct soundscape));
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        ret = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
 
         sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
index 4c095bc7c729..95898b2b7b58 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c
@@ -338,15 +338,16 @@ snd_wavefront_free(struct snd_card *card)
         }
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         snd_wavefront_card_t *acard;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new (index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                             sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         acard = card->private_data;
         acard->wavefront.irq = -1;
@@ -357,7 +358,8 @@ static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
         acard->wavefront.card = card;
         card->private_free = snd_wavefront_free;
 
-        return card;
+        *cardp = card;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit
@@ -567,9 +569,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_wavefront_isa_probe(struct device *pdev,
         struct snd_card *card;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
         if ((err = snd_wavefront_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
@@ -616,9 +618,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_wavefront_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return -ENODEV;
 
-        card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        res = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+        if (res < 0)
+                return res;
 
         if (snd_wavefront_pnp (dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid) < 0) {
                 if (cs4232_pcm_port[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {