diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel/sched_fair.c')
-rw-r--r-- | kernel/sched_fair.c | 234 |
1 files changed, 58 insertions, 176 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/sched_fair.c b/kernel/sched_fair.c index fb8994c6d4bb..18fd17172eb6 100644 --- a/kernel/sched_fair.c +++ b/kernel/sched_fair.c | |||
@@ -409,64 +409,6 @@ static u64 sched_vslice_add(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se) | |||
409 | } | 409 | } |
410 | 410 | ||
411 | /* | 411 | /* |
412 | * The goal of calc_delta_asym() is to be asymmetrically around NICE_0_LOAD, in | ||
413 | * that it favours >=0 over <0. | ||
414 | * | ||
415 | * -20 | | ||
416 | * | | ||
417 | * 0 --------+------- | ||
418 | * .' | ||
419 | * 19 .' | ||
420 | * | ||
421 | */ | ||
422 | static unsigned long | ||
423 | calc_delta_asym(unsigned long delta, struct sched_entity *se) | ||
424 | { | ||
425 | struct load_weight lw = { | ||
426 | .weight = NICE_0_LOAD, | ||
427 | .inv_weight = 1UL << (WMULT_SHIFT-NICE_0_SHIFT) | ||
428 | }; | ||
429 | |||
430 | for_each_sched_entity(se) { | ||
431 | struct load_weight *se_lw = &se->load; | ||
432 | unsigned long rw = cfs_rq_of(se)->load.weight; | ||
433 | |||
434 | #ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_SCHED_GROUP | ||
435 | struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = se->my_q; | ||
436 | struct task_group *tg = NULL | ||
437 | |||
438 | if (cfs_rq) | ||
439 | tg = cfs_rq->tg; | ||
440 | |||
441 | if (tg && tg->shares < NICE_0_LOAD) { | ||
442 | /* | ||
443 | * scale shares to what it would have been had | ||
444 | * tg->weight been NICE_0_LOAD: | ||
445 | * | ||
446 | * weight = 1024 * shares / tg->weight | ||
447 | */ | ||
448 | lw.weight *= se->load.weight; | ||
449 | lw.weight /= tg->shares; | ||
450 | |||
451 | lw.inv_weight = 0; | ||
452 | |||
453 | se_lw = &lw; | ||
454 | rw += lw.weight - se->load.weight; | ||
455 | } else | ||
456 | #endif | ||
457 | |||
458 | if (se->load.weight < NICE_0_LOAD) { | ||
459 | se_lw = &lw; | ||
460 | rw += NICE_0_LOAD - se->load.weight; | ||
461 | } | ||
462 | |||
463 | delta = calc_delta_mine(delta, rw, se_lw); | ||
464 | } | ||
465 | |||
466 | return delta; | ||
467 | } | ||
468 | |||
469 | /* | ||
470 | * Update the current task's runtime statistics. Skip current tasks that | 412 | * Update the current task's runtime statistics. Skip current tasks that |
471 | * are not in our scheduling class. | 413 | * are not in our scheduling class. |
472 | */ | 414 | */ |
@@ -586,11 +528,12 @@ account_entity_enqueue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se) | |||
586 | update_load_add(&cfs_rq->load, se->load.weight); | 528 | update_load_add(&cfs_rq->load, se->load.weight); |
587 | if (!parent_entity(se)) | 529 | if (!parent_entity(se)) |
588 | inc_cpu_load(rq_of(cfs_rq), se->load.weight); | 530 | inc_cpu_load(rq_of(cfs_rq), se->load.weight); |
589 | if (entity_is_task(se)) | 531 | if (entity_is_task(se)) { |
590 | add_cfs_task_weight(cfs_rq, se->load.weight); | 532 | add_cfs_task_weight(cfs_rq, se->load.weight); |
533 | list_add(&se->group_node, &cfs_rq->tasks); | ||
534 | } | ||
591 | cfs_rq->nr_running++; | 535 | cfs_rq->nr_running++; |
592 | se->on_rq = 1; | 536 | se->on_rq = 1; |
593 | list_add(&se->group_node, &cfs_rq->tasks); | ||
594 | } | 537 | } |
595 | 538 | ||
596 | static void | 539 | static void |
@@ -599,11 +542,12 @@ account_entity_dequeue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se) | |||
599 | update_load_sub(&cfs_rq->load, se->load.weight); | 542 | update_load_sub(&cfs_rq->load, se->load.weight); |
600 | if (!parent_entity(se)) | 543 | if (!parent_entity(se)) |
601 | dec_cpu_load(rq_of(cfs_rq), se->load.weight); | 544 | dec_cpu_load(rq_of(cfs_rq), se->load.weight); |
602 | if (entity_is_task(se)) | 545 | if (entity_is_task(se)) { |
603 | add_cfs_task_weight(cfs_rq, -se->load.weight); | 546 | add_cfs_task_weight(cfs_rq, -se->load.weight); |
547 | list_del_init(&se->group_node); | ||
548 | } | ||
604 | cfs_rq->nr_running--; | 549 | cfs_rq->nr_running--; |
605 | se->on_rq = 0; | 550 | se->on_rq = 0; |
606 | list_del_init(&se->group_node); | ||
607 | } | 551 | } |
608 | 552 | ||
609 | static void enqueue_sleeper(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se) | 553 | static void enqueue_sleeper(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se) |
@@ -1085,7 +1029,6 @@ static long effective_load(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, | |||
1085 | long wl, long wg) | 1029 | long wl, long wg) |
1086 | { | 1030 | { |
1087 | struct sched_entity *se = tg->se[cpu]; | 1031 | struct sched_entity *se = tg->se[cpu]; |
1088 | long more_w; | ||
1089 | 1032 | ||
1090 | if (!tg->parent) | 1033 | if (!tg->parent) |
1091 | return wl; | 1034 | return wl; |
@@ -1097,18 +1040,17 @@ static long effective_load(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, | |||
1097 | if (!wl && sched_feat(ASYM_EFF_LOAD)) | 1040 | if (!wl && sched_feat(ASYM_EFF_LOAD)) |
1098 | return wl; | 1041 | return wl; |
1099 | 1042 | ||
1100 | /* | ||
1101 | * Instead of using this increment, also add the difference | ||
1102 | * between when the shares were last updated and now. | ||
1103 | */ | ||
1104 | more_w = se->my_q->load.weight - se->my_q->rq_weight; | ||
1105 | wl += more_w; | ||
1106 | wg += more_w; | ||
1107 | |||
1108 | for_each_sched_entity(se) { | 1043 | for_each_sched_entity(se) { |
1109 | #define D(n) (likely(n) ? (n) : 1) | ||
1110 | |||
1111 | long S, rw, s, a, b; | 1044 | long S, rw, s, a, b; |
1045 | long more_w; | ||
1046 | |||
1047 | /* | ||
1048 | * Instead of using this increment, also add the difference | ||
1049 | * between when the shares were last updated and now. | ||
1050 | */ | ||
1051 | more_w = se->my_q->load.weight - se->my_q->rq_weight; | ||
1052 | wl += more_w; | ||
1053 | wg += more_w; | ||
1112 | 1054 | ||
1113 | S = se->my_q->tg->shares; | 1055 | S = se->my_q->tg->shares; |
1114 | s = se->my_q->shares; | 1056 | s = se->my_q->shares; |
@@ -1117,7 +1059,11 @@ static long effective_load(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, | |||
1117 | a = S*(rw + wl); | 1059 | a = S*(rw + wl); |
1118 | b = S*rw + s*wg; | 1060 | b = S*rw + s*wg; |
1119 | 1061 | ||
1120 | wl = s*(a-b)/D(b); | 1062 | wl = s*(a-b); |
1063 | |||
1064 | if (likely(b)) | ||
1065 | wl /= b; | ||
1066 | |||
1121 | /* | 1067 | /* |
1122 | * Assume the group is already running and will | 1068 | * Assume the group is already running and will |
1123 | * thus already be accounted for in the weight. | 1069 | * thus already be accounted for in the weight. |
@@ -1126,7 +1072,6 @@ static long effective_load(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, | |||
1126 | * alter the group weight. | 1072 | * alter the group weight. |
1127 | */ | 1073 | */ |
1128 | wg = 0; | 1074 | wg = 0; |
1129 | #undef D | ||
1130 | } | 1075 | } |
1131 | 1076 | ||
1132 | return wl; | 1077 | return wl; |
@@ -1143,7 +1088,7 @@ static inline unsigned long effective_load(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, | |||
1143 | #endif | 1088 | #endif |
1144 | 1089 | ||
1145 | static int | 1090 | static int |
1146 | wake_affine(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *this_sd, struct rq *this_rq, | 1091 | wake_affine(struct sched_domain *this_sd, struct rq *this_rq, |
1147 | struct task_struct *p, int prev_cpu, int this_cpu, int sync, | 1092 | struct task_struct *p, int prev_cpu, int this_cpu, int sync, |
1148 | int idx, unsigned long load, unsigned long this_load, | 1093 | int idx, unsigned long load, unsigned long this_load, |
1149 | unsigned int imbalance) | 1094 | unsigned int imbalance) |
@@ -1158,6 +1103,11 @@ wake_affine(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *this_sd, struct rq *this_rq, | |||
1158 | if (!(this_sd->flags & SD_WAKE_AFFINE) || !sched_feat(AFFINE_WAKEUPS)) | 1103 | if (!(this_sd->flags & SD_WAKE_AFFINE) || !sched_feat(AFFINE_WAKEUPS)) |
1159 | return 0; | 1104 | return 0; |
1160 | 1105 | ||
1106 | if (!sync && sched_feat(SYNC_WAKEUPS) && | ||
1107 | curr->se.avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost && | ||
1108 | p->se.avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost) | ||
1109 | sync = 1; | ||
1110 | |||
1161 | /* | 1111 | /* |
1162 | * If sync wakeup then subtract the (maximum possible) | 1112 | * If sync wakeup then subtract the (maximum possible) |
1163 | * effect of the currently running task from the load | 1113 | * effect of the currently running task from the load |
@@ -1182,17 +1132,14 @@ wake_affine(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *this_sd, struct rq *this_rq, | |||
1182 | * a reasonable amount of time then attract this newly | 1132 | * a reasonable amount of time then attract this newly |
1183 | * woken task: | 1133 | * woken task: |
1184 | */ | 1134 | */ |
1185 | if (sync && balanced) { | 1135 | if (sync && balanced) |
1186 | if (curr->se.avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost && | 1136 | return 1; |
1187 | p->se.avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost) | ||
1188 | return 1; | ||
1189 | } | ||
1190 | 1137 | ||
1191 | schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_affine_attempts); | 1138 | schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_affine_attempts); |
1192 | tl_per_task = cpu_avg_load_per_task(this_cpu); | 1139 | tl_per_task = cpu_avg_load_per_task(this_cpu); |
1193 | 1140 | ||
1194 | if ((tl <= load && tl + target_load(prev_cpu, idx) <= tl_per_task) || | 1141 | if (balanced || (tl <= load && tl + target_load(prev_cpu, idx) <= |
1195 | balanced) { | 1142 | tl_per_task)) { |
1196 | /* | 1143 | /* |
1197 | * This domain has SD_WAKE_AFFINE and | 1144 | * This domain has SD_WAKE_AFFINE and |
1198 | * p is cache cold in this domain, and | 1145 | * p is cache cold in this domain, and |
@@ -1211,16 +1158,17 @@ static int select_task_rq_fair(struct task_struct *p, int sync) | |||
1211 | struct sched_domain *sd, *this_sd = NULL; | 1158 | struct sched_domain *sd, *this_sd = NULL; |
1212 | int prev_cpu, this_cpu, new_cpu; | 1159 | int prev_cpu, this_cpu, new_cpu; |
1213 | unsigned long load, this_load; | 1160 | unsigned long load, this_load; |
1214 | struct rq *rq, *this_rq; | 1161 | struct rq *this_rq; |
1215 | unsigned int imbalance; | 1162 | unsigned int imbalance; |
1216 | int idx; | 1163 | int idx; |
1217 | 1164 | ||
1218 | prev_cpu = task_cpu(p); | 1165 | prev_cpu = task_cpu(p); |
1219 | rq = task_rq(p); | ||
1220 | this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); | 1166 | this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); |
1221 | this_rq = cpu_rq(this_cpu); | 1167 | this_rq = cpu_rq(this_cpu); |
1222 | new_cpu = prev_cpu; | 1168 | new_cpu = prev_cpu; |
1223 | 1169 | ||
1170 | if (prev_cpu == this_cpu) | ||
1171 | goto out; | ||
1224 | /* | 1172 | /* |
1225 | * 'this_sd' is the first domain that both | 1173 | * 'this_sd' is the first domain that both |
1226 | * this_cpu and prev_cpu are present in: | 1174 | * this_cpu and prev_cpu are present in: |
@@ -1248,13 +1196,10 @@ static int select_task_rq_fair(struct task_struct *p, int sync) | |||
1248 | load = source_load(prev_cpu, idx); | 1196 | load = source_load(prev_cpu, idx); |
1249 | this_load = target_load(this_cpu, idx); | 1197 | this_load = target_load(this_cpu, idx); |
1250 | 1198 | ||
1251 | if (wake_affine(rq, this_sd, this_rq, p, prev_cpu, this_cpu, sync, idx, | 1199 | if (wake_affine(this_sd, this_rq, p, prev_cpu, this_cpu, sync, idx, |
1252 | load, this_load, imbalance)) | 1200 | load, this_load, imbalance)) |
1253 | return this_cpu; | 1201 | return this_cpu; |
1254 | 1202 | ||
1255 | if (prev_cpu == this_cpu) | ||
1256 | goto out; | ||
1257 | |||
1258 | /* | 1203 | /* |
1259 | * Start passive balancing when half the imbalance_pct | 1204 | * Start passive balancing when half the imbalance_pct |
1260 | * limit is reached. | 1205 | * limit is reached. |
@@ -1281,62 +1226,20 @@ static unsigned long wakeup_gran(struct sched_entity *se) | |||
1281 | * + nice tasks. | 1226 | * + nice tasks. |
1282 | */ | 1227 | */ |
1283 | if (sched_feat(ASYM_GRAN)) | 1228 | if (sched_feat(ASYM_GRAN)) |
1284 | gran = calc_delta_asym(sysctl_sched_wakeup_granularity, se); | 1229 | gran = calc_delta_mine(gran, NICE_0_LOAD, &se->load); |
1285 | else | ||
1286 | gran = calc_delta_fair(sysctl_sched_wakeup_granularity, se); | ||
1287 | 1230 | ||
1288 | return gran; | 1231 | return gran; |
1289 | } | 1232 | } |
1290 | 1233 | ||
1291 | /* | 1234 | /* |
1292 | * Should 'se' preempt 'curr'. | ||
1293 | * | ||
1294 | * |s1 | ||
1295 | * |s2 | ||
1296 | * |s3 | ||
1297 | * g | ||
1298 | * |<--->|c | ||
1299 | * | ||
1300 | * w(c, s1) = -1 | ||
1301 | * w(c, s2) = 0 | ||
1302 | * w(c, s3) = 1 | ||
1303 | * | ||
1304 | */ | ||
1305 | static int | ||
1306 | wakeup_preempt_entity(struct sched_entity *curr, struct sched_entity *se) | ||
1307 | { | ||
1308 | s64 gran, vdiff = curr->vruntime - se->vruntime; | ||
1309 | |||
1310 | if (vdiff < 0) | ||
1311 | return -1; | ||
1312 | |||
1313 | gran = wakeup_gran(curr); | ||
1314 | if (vdiff > gran) | ||
1315 | return 1; | ||
1316 | |||
1317 | return 0; | ||
1318 | } | ||
1319 | |||
1320 | /* return depth at which a sched entity is present in the hierarchy */ | ||
1321 | static inline int depth_se(struct sched_entity *se) | ||
1322 | { | ||
1323 | int depth = 0; | ||
1324 | |||
1325 | for_each_sched_entity(se) | ||
1326 | depth++; | ||
1327 | |||
1328 | return depth; | ||
1329 | } | ||
1330 | |||
1331 | /* | ||
1332 | * Preempt the current task with a newly woken task if needed: | 1235 | * Preempt the current task with a newly woken task if needed: |
1333 | */ | 1236 | */ |
1334 | static void check_preempt_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p) | 1237 | static void check_preempt_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int sync) |
1335 | { | 1238 | { |
1336 | struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr; | 1239 | struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr; |
1337 | struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = task_cfs_rq(curr); | 1240 | struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = task_cfs_rq(curr); |
1338 | struct sched_entity *se = &curr->se, *pse = &p->se; | 1241 | struct sched_entity *se = &curr->se, *pse = &p->se; |
1339 | int se_depth, pse_depth; | 1242 | s64 delta_exec; |
1340 | 1243 | ||
1341 | if (unlikely(rt_prio(p->prio))) { | 1244 | if (unlikely(rt_prio(p->prio))) { |
1342 | update_rq_clock(rq); | 1245 | update_rq_clock(rq); |
@@ -1351,6 +1254,13 @@ static void check_preempt_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p) | |||
1351 | cfs_rq_of(pse)->next = pse; | 1254 | cfs_rq_of(pse)->next = pse; |
1352 | 1255 | ||
1353 | /* | 1256 | /* |
1257 | * We can come here with TIF_NEED_RESCHED already set from new task | ||
1258 | * wake up path. | ||
1259 | */ | ||
1260 | if (test_tsk_need_resched(curr)) | ||
1261 | return; | ||
1262 | |||
1263 | /* | ||
1354 | * Batch tasks do not preempt (their preemption is driven by | 1264 | * Batch tasks do not preempt (their preemption is driven by |
1355 | * the tick): | 1265 | * the tick): |
1356 | */ | 1266 | */ |
@@ -1360,33 +1270,15 @@ static void check_preempt_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p) | |||
1360 | if (!sched_feat(WAKEUP_PREEMPT)) | 1270 | if (!sched_feat(WAKEUP_PREEMPT)) |
1361 | return; | 1271 | return; |
1362 | 1272 | ||
1363 | /* | 1273 | if (sched_feat(WAKEUP_OVERLAP) && (sync || |
1364 | * preemption test can be made between sibling entities who are in the | 1274 | (se->avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost && |
1365 | * same cfs_rq i.e who have a common parent. Walk up the hierarchy of | 1275 | pse->avg_overlap < sysctl_sched_migration_cost))) { |
1366 | * both tasks until we find their ancestors who are siblings of common | 1276 | resched_task(curr); |
1367 | * parent. | 1277 | return; |
1368 | */ | ||
1369 | |||
1370 | /* First walk up until both entities are at same depth */ | ||
1371 | se_depth = depth_se(se); | ||
1372 | pse_depth = depth_se(pse); | ||
1373 | |||
1374 | while (se_depth > pse_depth) { | ||
1375 | se_depth--; | ||
1376 | se = parent_entity(se); | ||
1377 | } | ||
1378 | |||
1379 | while (pse_depth > se_depth) { | ||
1380 | pse_depth--; | ||
1381 | pse = parent_entity(pse); | ||
1382 | } | ||
1383 | |||
1384 | while (!is_same_group(se, pse)) { | ||
1385 | se = parent_entity(se); | ||
1386 | pse = parent_entity(pse); | ||
1387 | } | 1278 | } |
1388 | 1279 | ||
1389 | if (wakeup_preempt_entity(se, pse) == 1) | 1280 | delta_exec = se->sum_exec_runtime - se->prev_sum_exec_runtime; |
1281 | if (delta_exec > wakeup_gran(pse)) | ||
1390 | resched_task(curr); | 1282 | resched_task(curr); |
1391 | } | 1283 | } |
1392 | 1284 | ||
@@ -1445,19 +1337,9 @@ __load_balance_iterator(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct list_head *next) | |||
1445 | if (next == &cfs_rq->tasks) | 1337 | if (next == &cfs_rq->tasks) |
1446 | return NULL; | 1338 | return NULL; |
1447 | 1339 | ||
1448 | /* Skip over entities that are not tasks */ | 1340 | se = list_entry(next, struct sched_entity, group_node); |
1449 | do { | 1341 | p = task_of(se); |
1450 | se = list_entry(next, struct sched_entity, group_node); | 1342 | cfs_rq->balance_iterator = next->next; |
1451 | next = next->next; | ||
1452 | } while (next != &cfs_rq->tasks && !entity_is_task(se)); | ||
1453 | |||
1454 | if (next == &cfs_rq->tasks) | ||
1455 | return NULL; | ||
1456 | |||
1457 | cfs_rq->balance_iterator = next; | ||
1458 | |||
1459 | if (entity_is_task(se)) | ||
1460 | p = task_of(se); | ||
1461 | 1343 | ||
1462 | return p; | 1344 | return p; |
1463 | } | 1345 | } |
@@ -1507,7 +1389,7 @@ load_balance_fair(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest, | |||
1507 | rcu_read_lock(); | 1389 | rcu_read_lock(); |
1508 | update_h_load(busiest_cpu); | 1390 | update_h_load(busiest_cpu); |
1509 | 1391 | ||
1510 | list_for_each_entry(tg, &task_groups, list) { | 1392 | list_for_each_entry_rcu(tg, &task_groups, list) { |
1511 | struct cfs_rq *busiest_cfs_rq = tg->cfs_rq[busiest_cpu]; | 1393 | struct cfs_rq *busiest_cfs_rq = tg->cfs_rq[busiest_cpu]; |
1512 | unsigned long busiest_h_load = busiest_cfs_rq->h_load; | 1394 | unsigned long busiest_h_load = busiest_cfs_rq->h_load; |
1513 | unsigned long busiest_weight = busiest_cfs_rq->load.weight; | 1395 | unsigned long busiest_weight = busiest_cfs_rq->load.weight; |
@@ -1620,10 +1502,10 @@ static void task_new_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p) | |||
1620 | * 'current' within the tree based on its new key value. | 1502 | * 'current' within the tree based on its new key value. |
1621 | */ | 1503 | */ |
1622 | swap(curr->vruntime, se->vruntime); | 1504 | swap(curr->vruntime, se->vruntime); |
1505 | resched_task(rq->curr); | ||
1623 | } | 1506 | } |
1624 | 1507 | ||
1625 | enqueue_task_fair(rq, p, 0); | 1508 | enqueue_task_fair(rq, p, 0); |
1626 | resched_task(rq->curr); | ||
1627 | } | 1509 | } |
1628 | 1510 | ||
1629 | /* | 1511 | /* |
@@ -1642,7 +1524,7 @@ static void prio_changed_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, | |||
1642 | if (p->prio > oldprio) | 1524 | if (p->prio > oldprio) |
1643 | resched_task(rq->curr); | 1525 | resched_task(rq->curr); |
1644 | } else | 1526 | } else |
1645 | check_preempt_curr(rq, p); | 1527 | check_preempt_curr(rq, p, 0); |
1646 | } | 1528 | } |
1647 | 1529 | ||
1648 | /* | 1530 | /* |
@@ -1659,7 +1541,7 @@ static void switched_to_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, | |||
1659 | if (running) | 1541 | if (running) |
1660 | resched_task(rq->curr); | 1542 | resched_task(rq->curr); |
1661 | else | 1543 | else |
1662 | check_preempt_curr(rq, p); | 1544 | check_preempt_curr(rq, p, 0); |
1663 | } | 1545 | } |
1664 | 1546 | ||
1665 | /* Account for a task changing its policy or group. | 1547 | /* Account for a task changing its policy or group. |