3 files changed, 849 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
index 2191c8d896a0..0d0d625fece2 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
@@ -311,6 +311,22 @@ config TI_DAC7512
           This driver can also be built as a module. If so, the module
           will be calles ti_dac7512.
 
+config VMWARE_BALLOON
+        tristate "VMware Balloon Driver"
+        depends on X86
+        help
+          This is VMware physical memory management driver which acts
+          like a "balloon" that can be inflated to reclaim physical pages
+          by reserving them in the guest and invalidating them in the
+          monitor, freeing up the underlying machine pages so they can
+          be allocated to other guests. The balloon can also be deflated
+          to allow the guest to use more physical memory.
+
+          If unsure, say N.
+
+          To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
+          module will be called vmware_balloon.
+
 source "drivers/misc/c2port/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/misc/eeprom/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/misc/cb710/Kconfig"
diff --git a/drivers/misc/Makefile b/drivers/misc/Makefile
index 208ae3091a4e..f12dc3e54402 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/misc/Makefile
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_C2PORT)		+= c2port/
 obj-$(CONFIG_IWMC3200TOP)      += iwmc3200top/
 obj-y                           += eeprom/
 obj-y                           += cb710/
+obj-$(CONFIG_VMWARE_BALLOON)    += vmware_balloon.o
diff --git a/drivers/misc/vmware_balloon.c b/drivers/misc/vmware_balloon.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7161c4e3798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/misc/vmware_balloon.c
@@ -0,0 +1,832 @@
+/*
+ * VMware Balloon driver.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000-2010, VMware, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License and no later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, GOOD TITLE or
+ * NON INFRINGEMENT.  See the GNU General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Maintained by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@vmware.com>
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This is VMware physical memory management driver for Linux. The driver
+ * acts like a "balloon" that can be inflated to reclaim physical pages by
+ * reserving them in the guest and invalidating them in the monitor,
+ * freeing up the underlying machine pages so they can be allocated to
+ * other guests.  The balloon can also be deflated to allow the guest to
+ * use more physical memory. Higher level policies can control the sizes
+ * of balloons in VMs in order to manage physical memory resources.
+ */
+
+//#define DEBUG
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <asm/vmware.h>
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("VMware, Inc.");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("VMware Memory Control (Balloon) Driver");
+MODULE_VERSION("1.2.1.0-K");
+MODULE_ALIAS("dmi:*:svnVMware*:*");
+MODULE_ALIAS("vmware_vmmemctl");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+/*
+ * Various constants controlling rate of inflaint/deflating balloon,
+ * measured in pages.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Rate of allocating memory when there is no memory pressure
+ * (driver performs non-sleeping allocations).
+ */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_NOSLEEP_ALLOC_MAX   16384U
+
+/*
+ * Rates of memory allocaton when guest experiences memory pressure
+ * (driver performs sleeping allocations).
+ */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_MIN      512U
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_MAX      2048U
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_INC      16U
+
+/*
+ * Rates for releasing pages while deflating balloon.
+ */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_MIN       512U
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_MAX       16384U
+#define VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_INC       16U
+
+/*
+ * When guest is under memory pressure, use a reduced page allocation
+ * rate for next several cycles.
+ */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_SLOW_CYCLES         4
+
+/*
+ * Use __GFP_HIGHMEM to allow pages from HIGHMEM zone. We don't
+ * allow wait (__GFP_WAIT) for NOSLEEP page allocations. Use
+ * __GFP_NOWARN, to suppress page allocation failure warnings.
+ */
+#define VMW_PAGE_ALLOC_NOSLEEP          (__GFP_HIGHMEM|__GFP_NOWARN)
+
+/*
+ * Use GFP_HIGHUSER when executing in a separate kernel thread
+ * context and allocation can sleep.  This is less stressful to
+ * the guest memory system, since it allows the thread to block
+ * while memory is reclaimed, and won't take pages from emergency
+ * low-memory pools.
+ */
+#define VMW_PAGE_ALLOC_CANSLEEP         (GFP_HIGHUSER)
+
+/* Maximum number of page allocations without yielding processor */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_YIELD_THRESHOLD     1024
+
+
+/*
+ * Hypervisor communication port definitions.
+ */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_HV_PORT             0x5670
+#define VMW_BALLOON_HV_MAGIC            0x456c6d6f
+#define VMW_BALLOON_PROTOCOL_VERSION    2
+#define VMW_BALLOON_GUEST_ID            1       /* Linux */
+
+#define VMW_BALLOON_CMD_START           0
+#define VMW_BALLOON_CMD_GET_TARGET      1
+#define VMW_BALLOON_CMD_LOCK            2
+#define VMW_BALLOON_CMD_UNLOCK          3
+#define VMW_BALLOON_CMD_GUEST_ID        4
+
+/* error codes */
+#define VMW_BALLOON_SUCCESS             0
+#define VMW_BALLOON_FAILURE             -1
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_CMD_INVALID   1
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_PPN_INVALID   2
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_PPN_LOCKED    3
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_PPN_UNLOCKED  4
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_PPN_PINNED    5
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_PPN_NOTNEEDED 6
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_RESET         7
+#define VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_BUSY          8
+
+#define VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(cmd, data, result)           \
+({                                                      \
+        unsigned long __stat, __dummy1, __dummy2;       \
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("inl (%%dx)" :            \
+                "=a"(__stat),                           \
+                "=c"(__dummy1),                         \
+                "=d"(__dummy2),                         \
+                "=b"(result) :                          \
+                "0"(VMW_BALLOON_HV_MAGIC),              \
+                "1"(VMW_BALLOON_CMD_##cmd),             \
+                "2"(VMW_BALLOON_HV_PORT),               \
+                "3"(data) :                             \
+                "memory");                              \
+        result &= -1UL;                                 \
+        __stat & -1UL;                                  \
+})
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+struct vmballoon_stats {
+        unsigned int timer;
+
+        /* allocation statustics */
+        unsigned int alloc;
+        unsigned int alloc_fail;
+        unsigned int sleep_alloc;
+        unsigned int sleep_alloc_fail;
+        unsigned int refused_alloc;
+        unsigned int refused_free;
+        unsigned int free;
+
+        /* monitor operations */
+        unsigned int lock;
+        unsigned int lock_fail;
+        unsigned int unlock;
+        unsigned int unlock_fail;
+        unsigned int target;
+        unsigned int target_fail;
+        unsigned int start;
+        unsigned int start_fail;
+        unsigned int guest_type;
+        unsigned int guest_type_fail;
+};
+
+#define STATS_INC(stat) (stat)++
+#else
+#define STATS_INC(stat)
+#endif
+
+struct vmballoon {
+
+        /* list of reserved physical pages */
+        struct list_head pages;
+
+        /* transient list of non-balloonable pages */
+        struct list_head refused_pages;
+
+        /* balloon size in pages */
+        unsigned int size;
+        unsigned int target;
+
+        /* reset flag */
+        bool reset_required;
+
+        /* adjustment rates (pages per second) */
+        unsigned int rate_alloc;
+        unsigned int rate_free;
+
+        /* slowdown page allocations for next few cycles */
+        unsigned int slow_allocation_cycles;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+        /* statistics */
+        struct vmballoon_stats stats;
+
+        /* debugfs file exporting statistics */
+        struct dentry *dbg_entry;
+#endif
+
+        struct sysinfo sysinfo;
+
+        struct delayed_work dwork;
+};
+
+static struct vmballoon balloon;
+static struct workqueue_struct *vmballoon_wq;
+
+/*
+ * Send "start" command to the host, communicating supported version
+ * of the protocol.
+ */
+static bool vmballoon_send_start(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        unsigned long status, dummy;
+
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.start);
+
+        status = VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(START, VMW_BALLOON_PROTOCOL_VERSION, dummy);
+        if (status == VMW_BALLOON_SUCCESS)
+                return true;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - failed, hv returns %ld\n", __func__, status);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.start_fail);
+        return false;
+}
+
+static bool vmballoon_check_status(struct vmballoon *b, unsigned long status)
+{
+        switch (status) {
+        case VMW_BALLOON_SUCCESS:
+                return true;
+
+        case VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_RESET:
+                b->reset_required = true;
+                /* fall through */
+
+        default:
+                return false;
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Communicate guest type to the host so that it can adjust ballooning
+ * algorithm to the one most appropriate for the guest. This command
+ * is normally issued after sending "start" command and is part of
+ * standard reset sequence.
+ */
+static bool vmballoon_send_guest_id(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        unsigned long status, dummy;
+
+        status = VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(GUEST_ID, VMW_BALLOON_GUEST_ID, dummy);
+
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.guest_type);
+
+        if (vmballoon_check_status(b, status))
+                return true;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - failed, hv returns %ld\n", __func__, status);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.guest_type_fail);
+        return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Retrieve desired balloon size from the host.
+ */
+static bool vmballoon_send_get_target(struct vmballoon *b, u32 *new_target)
+{
+        unsigned long status;
+        unsigned long target;
+        unsigned long limit;
+        u32 limit32;
+
+        /*
+         * si_meminfo() is cheap. Moreover, we want to provide dynamic
+         * max balloon size later. So let us call si_meminfo() every
+         * iteration.
+         */
+        si_meminfo(&b->sysinfo);
+        limit = b->sysinfo.totalram;
+
+        /* Ensure limit fits in 32-bits */
+        limit32 = (u32)limit;
+        if (limit != limit32)
+                return false;
+
+        /* update stats */
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.target);
+
+        status = VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(GET_TARGET, limit, target);
+        if (vmballoon_check_status(b, status)) {
+                *new_target = target;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        pr_debug("%s - failed, hv returns %ld\n", __func__, status);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.target_fail);
+        return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Notify the host about allocated page so that host can use it without
+ * fear that guest will need it. Host may reject some pages, we need to
+ * check the return value and maybe submit a different page.
+ */
+static bool vmballoon_send_lock_page(struct vmballoon *b, unsigned long pfn)
+{
+        unsigned long status, dummy;
+        u32 pfn32;
+
+        pfn32 = (u32)pfn;
+        if (pfn32 != pfn)
+                return false;
+
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.lock);
+
+        status = VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(LOCK, pfn, dummy);
+        if (vmballoon_check_status(b, status))
+                return true;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - ppn %lx, hv returns %ld\n", __func__, pfn, status);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.lock_fail);
+        return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Notify the host that guest intends to release given page back into
+ * the pool of available (to the guest) pages.
+ */
+static bool vmballoon_send_unlock_page(struct vmballoon *b, unsigned long pfn)
+{
+        unsigned long status, dummy;
+        u32 pfn32;
+
+        pfn32 = (u32)pfn;
+        if (pfn32 != pfn)
+                return false;
+
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.unlock);
+
+        status = VMWARE_BALLOON_CMD(UNLOCK, pfn, dummy);
+        if (vmballoon_check_status(b, status))
+                return true;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - ppn %lx, hv returns %ld\n", __func__, pfn, status);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.unlock_fail);
+        return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Quickly release all pages allocated for the balloon. This function is
+ * called when host decides to "reset" balloon for one reason or another.
+ * Unlike normal "deflate" we do not (shall not) notify host of the pages
+ * being released.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_pop(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        struct page *page, *next;
+        unsigned int count = 0;
+
+        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, &b->pages, lru) {
+                list_del(&page->lru);
+                __free_page(page);
+                STATS_INC(b->stats.free);
+                b->size--;
+
+                if (++count >= b->rate_free) {
+                        count = 0;
+                        cond_resched();
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform standard reset sequence by popping the balloon (in case it
+ * is not  empty) and then restarting protocol. This operation normally
+ * happens when host responds with VMW_BALLOON_ERROR_RESET to a command.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_reset(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        /* free all pages, skipping monitor unlock */
+        vmballoon_pop(b);
+
+        if (vmballoon_send_start(b)) {
+                b->reset_required = false;
+                if (!vmballoon_send_guest_id(b))
+                        pr_err("failed to send guest ID to the host\n");
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate (or reserve) a page for the balloon and notify the host.  If host
+ * refuses the page put it on "refuse" list and allocate another one until host
+ * is satisfied. "Refused" pages are released at the end of inflation cycle
+ * (when we allocate b->rate_alloc pages).
+ */
+static int vmballoon_reserve_page(struct vmballoon *b, bool can_sleep)
+{
+        struct page *page;
+        gfp_t flags;
+        bool locked = false;
+
+        do {
+                if (!can_sleep)
+                        STATS_INC(b->stats.alloc);
+                else
+                        STATS_INC(b->stats.sleep_alloc);
+
+                flags = can_sleep ? VMW_PAGE_ALLOC_CANSLEEP : VMW_PAGE_ALLOC_NOSLEEP;
+                page = alloc_page(flags);
+                if (!page) {
+                        if (!can_sleep)
+                                STATS_INC(b->stats.alloc_fail);
+                        else
+                                STATS_INC(b->stats.sleep_alloc_fail);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                /* inform monitor */
+                locked = vmballoon_send_lock_page(b, page_to_pfn(page));
+                if (!locked) {
+                        if (b->reset_required) {
+                                __free_page(page);
+                                return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                        /* place on list of non-balloonable pages, retry allocation */
+                        list_add(&page->lru, &b->refused_pages);
+                        STATS_INC(b->stats.refused_alloc);
+                }
+        } while (!locked);
+
+        /* track allocated page */
+        list_add(&page->lru, &b->pages);
+
+        /* update balloon size */
+        b->size++;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release the page allocated for the balloon. Note that we first notify
+ * the host so it can make sure the page will be available for the guest
+ * to use, if needed.
+ */
+static int vmballoon_release_page(struct vmballoon *b, struct page *page)
+{
+        if (!vmballoon_send_unlock_page(b, page_to_pfn(page)))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        list_del(&page->lru);
+
+        /* deallocate page */
+        __free_page(page);
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.free);
+
+        /* update balloon size */
+        b->size--;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release pages that were allocated while attempting to inflate the
+ * balloon but were refused by the host for one reason or another.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_release_refused_pages(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        struct page *page, *next;
+
+        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, &b->refused_pages, lru) {
+                list_del(&page->lru);
+                __free_page(page);
+                STATS_INC(b->stats.refused_free);
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inflate the balloon towards its target size. Note that we try to limit
+ * the rate of allocation to make sure we are not choking the rest of the
+ * system.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_inflate(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        unsigned int goal;
+        unsigned int rate;
+        unsigned int i;
+        unsigned int allocations = 0;
+        int error = 0;
+        bool alloc_can_sleep = false;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - size: %d, target %d\n", __func__, b->size, b->target);
+
+        /*
+         * First try NOSLEEP page allocations to inflate balloon.
+         *
+         * If we do not throttle nosleep allocations, we can drain all
+         * free pages in the guest quickly (if the balloon target is high).
+         * As a side-effect, draining free pages helps to inform (force)
+         * the guest to start swapping if balloon target is not met yet,
+         * which is a desired behavior. However, balloon driver can consume
+         * all available CPU cycles if too many pages are allocated in a
+         * second. Therefore, we throttle nosleep allocations even when
+         * the guest is not under memory pressure. OTOH, if we have already
+         * predicted that the guest is under memory pressure, then we
+         * slowdown page allocations considerably.
+         */
+
+        goal = b->target - b->size;
+        /*
+         * Start with no sleep allocation rate which may be higher
+         * than sleeping allocation rate.
+         */
+        rate = b->slow_allocation_cycles ?
+                        b->rate_alloc : VMW_BALLOON_NOSLEEP_ALLOC_MAX;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - goal: %d, no-sleep rate: %d, sleep rate: %d\n",
+                 __func__, goal, rate, b->rate_alloc);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < goal; i++) {
+
+                error = vmballoon_reserve_page(b, alloc_can_sleep);
+                if (error) {
+                        if (error != -ENOMEM) {
+                                /*
+                                 * Not a page allocation failure, stop this
+                                 * cycle. Maybe we'll get new target from
+                                 * the host soon.
+                                 */
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (alloc_can_sleep) {
+                                /*
+                                 * CANSLEEP page allocation failed, so guest
+                                 * is under severe memory pressure. Quickly
+                                 * decrease allocation rate.
+                                 */
+                                b->rate_alloc = max(b->rate_alloc / 2,
+                                                    VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_MIN);
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        /*
+                         * NOSLEEP page allocation failed, so the guest is
+                         * under memory pressure. Let us slow down page
+                         * allocations for next few cycles so that the guest
+                         * gets out of memory pressure. Also, if we already
+                         * allocated b->rate_alloc pages, let's pause,
+                         * otherwise switch to sleeping allocations.
+                         */
+                        b->slow_allocation_cycles = VMW_BALLOON_SLOW_CYCLES;
+
+                        if (i >= b->rate_alloc)
+                                break;
+
+                        alloc_can_sleep = true;
+                        /* Lower rate for sleeping allocations. */
+                        rate = b->rate_alloc;
+                }
+
+                if (++allocations > VMW_BALLOON_YIELD_THRESHOLD) {
+                        cond_resched();
+                        allocations = 0;
+                }
+
+                if (i >= rate) {
+                        /* We allocated enough pages, let's take a break. */
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * We reached our goal without failures so try increasing
+         * allocation rate.
+         */
+        if (error == 0 && i >= b->rate_alloc) {
+                unsigned int mult = i / b->rate_alloc;
+
+                b->rate_alloc =
+                        min(b->rate_alloc + mult * VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_INC,
+                            VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_MAX);
+        }
+
+        vmballoon_release_refused_pages(b);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the size of the balloon allowing guest to use more memory.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_deflate(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        struct page *page, *next;
+        unsigned int i = 0;
+        unsigned int goal;
+        int error;
+
+        pr_debug("%s - size: %d, target %d\n", __func__, b->size, b->target);
+
+        /* limit deallocation rate */
+        goal = min(b->size - b->target, b->rate_free);
+
+        pr_debug("%s - goal: %d, rate: %d\n", __func__, goal, b->rate_free);
+
+        /* free pages to reach target */
+        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, &b->pages, lru) {
+                error = vmballoon_release_page(b, page);
+                if (error) {
+                        /* quickly decrease rate in case of error */
+                        b->rate_free = max(b->rate_free / 2,
+                                           VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_MIN);
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                if (++i >= goal)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        /* slowly increase rate if there were no errors */
+        b->rate_free = min(b->rate_free + VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_INC,
+                           VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_MAX);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Balloon work function: reset protocol, if needed, get the new size and
+ * adjust balloon as needed. Repeat in 1 sec.
+ */
+static void vmballoon_work(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+        struct delayed_work *dwork = to_delayed_work(work);
+        struct vmballoon *b = container_of(dwork, struct vmballoon, dwork);
+        unsigned int target;
+
+        STATS_INC(b->stats.timer);
+
+        if (b->reset_required)
+                vmballoon_reset(b);
+
+        if (b->slow_allocation_cycles > 0)
+                b->slow_allocation_cycles--;
+
+        if (vmballoon_send_get_target(b, &target)) {
+                /* update target, adjust size */
+                b->target = target;
+
+                if (b->size < target)
+                        vmballoon_inflate(b);
+                else if (b->size > target)
+                        vmballoon_deflate(b);
+        }
+
+        queue_delayed_work(vmballoon_wq, dwork, round_jiffies_relative(HZ));
+}
+
+/*
+ * DEBUGFS Interface
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+
+static int vmballoon_debug_show(struct seq_file *f, void *offset)
+{
+        struct vmballoon *b = f->private;
+        struct vmballoon_stats *stats = &b->stats;
+
+        /* format size info */
+        seq_printf(f,
+                   "target:             %8d pages\n"
+                   "current:            %8d pages\n",
+                   b->target, b->size);
+
+        /* format rate info */
+        seq_printf(f,
+                   "rateNoSleepAlloc:   %8d pages/sec\n"
+                   "rateSleepAlloc:     %8d pages/sec\n"
+                   "rateFree:           %8d pages/sec\n",
+                   VMW_BALLOON_NOSLEEP_ALLOC_MAX,
+                   b->rate_alloc, b->rate_free);
+
+        seq_printf(f,
+                   "\n"
+                   "timer:              %8u\n"
+                   "start:              %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "guestType:          %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "lock:               %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "unlock:             %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "target:             %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "primNoSleepAlloc:   %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "primCanSleepAlloc:  %8u (%4u failed)\n"
+                   "primFree:           %8u\n"
+                   "errAlloc:           %8u\n"
+                   "errFree:            %8u\n",
+                   stats->timer,
+                   stats->start, stats->start_fail,
+                   stats->guest_type, stats->guest_type_fail,
+                   stats->lock,  stats->lock_fail,
+                   stats->unlock, stats->unlock_fail,
+                   stats->target, stats->target_fail,
+                   stats->alloc, stats->alloc_fail,
+                   stats->sleep_alloc, stats->sleep_alloc_fail,
+                   stats->free,
+                   stats->refused_alloc, stats->refused_free);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmballoon_debug_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+        return single_open(file, vmballoon_debug_show, inode->i_private);
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations vmballoon_debug_fops = {
+        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
+        .open           = vmballoon_debug_open,
+        .read           = seq_read,
+        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
+        .release        = single_release,
+};
+
+static int __init vmballoon_debugfs_init(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        int error;
+
+        b->dbg_entry = debugfs_create_file("vmmemctl", S_IRUGO, NULL, b,
+                                           &vmballoon_debug_fops);
+        if (IS_ERR(b->dbg_entry)) {
+                error = PTR_ERR(b->dbg_entry);
+                pr_err("failed to create debugfs entry, error: %d\n", error);
+                return error;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit vmballoon_debugfs_exit(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        debugfs_remove(b->dbg_entry);
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline int vmballoon_debugfs_init(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void vmballoon_debugfs_exit(struct vmballoon *b)
+{
+}
+
+#endif  /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */
+
+static int __init vmballoon_init(void)
+{
+        int error;
+
+        /*
+         * Check if we are running on VMware's hypervisor and bail out
+         * if we are not.
+         */
+        if (!vmware_platform())
+                return -ENODEV;
+
+        vmballoon_wq = create_freezeable_workqueue("vmmemctl");
+        if (!vmballoon_wq) {
+                pr_err("failed to create workqueue\n");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&balloon.pages);
+        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&balloon.refused_pages);
+
+        /* initialize rates */
+        balloon.rate_alloc = VMW_BALLOON_RATE_ALLOC_MAX;
+        balloon.rate_free = VMW_BALLOON_RATE_FREE_MAX;
+
+        INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&balloon.dwork, vmballoon_work);
+
+        /*
+         * Start balloon.
+         */
+        if (!vmballoon_send_start(&balloon)) {
+                pr_err("failed to send start command to the host\n");
+                error = -EIO;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!vmballoon_send_guest_id(&balloon)) {
+                pr_err("failed to send guest ID to the host\n");
+                error = -EIO;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        error = vmballoon_debugfs_init(&balloon);
+        if (error)
+                goto fail;
+
+        queue_delayed_work(vmballoon_wq, &balloon.dwork, 0);
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        destroy_workqueue(vmballoon_wq);
+        return error;
+}
+module_init(vmballoon_init);
+
+static void __exit vmballoon_exit(void)
+{
+        cancel_delayed_work_sync(&balloon.dwork);
+        destroy_workqueue(vmballoon_wq);
+
+        vmballoon_debugfs_exit(&balloon);
+
+        /*
+         * Deallocate all reserved memory, and reset connection with monitor.
+         * Reset connection before deallocating memory to avoid potential for
+         * additional spurious resets from guest touching deallocated pages.
+         */
+        vmballoon_send_start(&balloon);
+        vmballoon_pop(&balloon);
+}
+module_exit(vmballoon_exit);