diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/DocBook/Makefile | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl | 418 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl | 377 |
3 files changed, 419 insertions, 378 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile index dc3154e49279..1462ed86d40a 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile | |||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ | |||
6 | # To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the | 6 | # To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the |
7 | # list of DOCBOOKS. | 7 | # list of DOCBOOKS. |
8 | 8 | ||
9 | DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml \ | 9 | DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml device-drivers.xml \ |
10 | kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \ | 10 | kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \ |
11 | procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \ | 11 | procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \ |
12 | kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \ | 12 | kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \ |
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..94a20fe8fedf --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@ | |||
1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> | ||
2 | <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" | ||
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> | ||
4 | |||
5 | <book id="LinuxDriversAPI"> | ||
6 | <bookinfo> | ||
7 | <title>Linux Device Drivers</title> | ||
8 | |||
9 | <legalnotice> | ||
10 | <para> | ||
11 | This documentation is free software; you can redistribute | ||
12 | it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public | ||
13 | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either | ||
14 | version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later | ||
15 | version. | ||
16 | </para> | ||
17 | |||
18 | <para> | ||
19 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be | ||
20 | useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied | ||
21 | warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | ||
22 | See the GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
23 | </para> | ||
24 | |||
25 | <para> | ||
26 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | ||
27 | License along with this program; if not, write to the Free | ||
28 | Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, | ||
29 | MA 02111-1307 USA | ||
30 | </para> | ||
31 | |||
32 | <para> | ||
33 | For more details see the file COPYING in the source | ||
34 | distribution of Linux. | ||
35 | </para> | ||
36 | </legalnotice> | ||
37 | </bookinfo> | ||
38 | |||
39 | <toc></toc> | ||
40 | |||
41 | <chapter id="Basics"> | ||
42 | <title>Driver Basics</title> | ||
43 | <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title> | ||
44 | !Iinclude/linux/init.h | ||
45 | </sect1> | ||
46 | |||
47 | <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title> | ||
48 | !Iarch/x86/include/asm/atomic_32.h | ||
49 | !Iarch/x86/include/asm/unaligned.h | ||
50 | </sect1> | ||
51 | |||
52 | <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title> | ||
53 | !Iinclude/linux/sched.h | ||
54 | !Ekernel/sched.c | ||
55 | !Ekernel/timer.c | ||
56 | </sect1> | ||
57 | <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title> | ||
58 | !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h | ||
59 | !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h | ||
60 | !Ekernel/hrtimer.c | ||
61 | </sect1> | ||
62 | <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title> | ||
63 | !Ekernel/workqueue.c | ||
64 | </sect1> | ||
65 | <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title> | ||
66 | !Ikernel/exit.c | ||
67 | !Ikernel/signal.c | ||
68 | !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h | ||
69 | !Ekernel/kthread.c | ||
70 | </sect1> | ||
71 | |||
72 | <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title> | ||
73 | <!-- | ||
74 | X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h | ||
75 | --> | ||
76 | !Elib/kobject.c | ||
77 | </sect1> | ||
78 | |||
79 | <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title> | ||
80 | !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h | ||
81 | !Ekernel/printk.c | ||
82 | !Ekernel/panic.c | ||
83 | !Ekernel/sys.c | ||
84 | !Ekernel/rcupdate.c | ||
85 | </sect1> | ||
86 | |||
87 | <sect1><title>Device Resource Management</title> | ||
88 | !Edrivers/base/devres.c | ||
89 | </sect1> | ||
90 | |||
91 | </chapter> | ||
92 | |||
93 | <chapter id="devdrivers"> | ||
94 | <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title> | ||
95 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title> | ||
96 | <!-- | ||
97 | X!Iinclude/linux/device.h | ||
98 | --> | ||
99 | !Edrivers/base/driver.c | ||
100 | !Edrivers/base/core.c | ||
101 | !Edrivers/base/class.c | ||
102 | !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c | ||
103 | !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c | ||
104 | <!-- Cannot be included, because | ||
105 | attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter | ||
106 | and attribute_container_classdev_to_container | ||
107 | exceed allowed 44 characters maximum | ||
108 | X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c | ||
109 | --> | ||
110 | !Edrivers/base/sys.c | ||
111 | <!-- | ||
112 | X!Edrivers/base/interface.c | ||
113 | --> | ||
114 | !Edrivers/base/platform.c | ||
115 | !Edrivers/base/bus.c | ||
116 | </sect1> | ||
117 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title> | ||
118 | !Edrivers/base/power/main.c | ||
119 | </sect1> | ||
120 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title> | ||
121 | <!-- Internal functions only | ||
122 | X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c | ||
123 | X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c | ||
124 | X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c | ||
125 | X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c | ||
126 | --> | ||
127 | !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c | ||
128 | !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c | ||
129 | <!-- No correct structured comments | ||
130 | X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c | ||
131 | --> | ||
132 | </sect1> | ||
133 | <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title> | ||
134 | !Idrivers/pnp/core.c | ||
135 | <!-- No correct structured comments | ||
136 | X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c | ||
137 | --> | ||
138 | !Edrivers/pnp/card.c | ||
139 | !Idrivers/pnp/driver.c | ||
140 | !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c | ||
141 | !Edrivers/pnp/support.c | ||
142 | </sect1> | ||
143 | <sect1><title>Userspace IO devices</title> | ||
144 | !Edrivers/uio/uio.c | ||
145 | !Iinclude/linux/uio_driver.h | ||
146 | </sect1> | ||
147 | </chapter> | ||
148 | |||
149 | <chapter id="parportdev"> | ||
150 | <title>Parallel Port Devices</title> | ||
151 | !Iinclude/linux/parport.h | ||
152 | !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c | ||
153 | !Edrivers/parport/share.c | ||
154 | !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c | ||
155 | </chapter> | ||
156 | |||
157 | <chapter id="message_devices"> | ||
158 | <title>Message-based devices</title> | ||
159 | <sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title> | ||
160 | !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c | ||
161 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c | ||
162 | !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c | ||
163 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c | ||
164 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c | ||
165 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c | ||
166 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c | ||
167 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c | ||
168 | </sect1> | ||
169 | <sect1><title>I2O message devices</title> | ||
170 | !Iinclude/linux/i2o.h | ||
171 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h | ||
172 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c | ||
173 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c | ||
174 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c | ||
175 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c | ||
176 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c | ||
177 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c | ||
178 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c | ||
179 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c | ||
180 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c | ||
181 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c | ||
182 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c | ||
183 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c | ||
184 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c | ||
185 | </sect1> | ||
186 | </chapter> | ||
187 | |||
188 | <chapter id="snddev"> | ||
189 | <title>Sound Devices</title> | ||
190 | !Iinclude/sound/core.h | ||
191 | !Esound/sound_core.c | ||
192 | !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h | ||
193 | !Esound/core/pcm.c | ||
194 | !Esound/core/device.c | ||
195 | !Esound/core/info.c | ||
196 | !Esound/core/rawmidi.c | ||
197 | !Esound/core/sound.c | ||
198 | !Esound/core/memory.c | ||
199 | !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c | ||
200 | !Esound/core/init.c | ||
201 | !Esound/core/isadma.c | ||
202 | !Esound/core/control.c | ||
203 | !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c | ||
204 | !Esound/core/hwdep.c | ||
205 | !Esound/core/pcm_native.c | ||
206 | !Esound/core/memalloc.c | ||
207 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
208 | X!Isound/sound_firmware.c | ||
209 | --> | ||
210 | </chapter> | ||
211 | |||
212 | <chapter id="uart16x50"> | ||
213 | <title>16x50 UART Driver</title> | ||
214 | !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h | ||
215 | !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c | ||
216 | !Edrivers/serial/8250.c | ||
217 | </chapter> | ||
218 | |||
219 | <chapter id="fbdev"> | ||
220 | <title>Frame Buffer Library</title> | ||
221 | |||
222 | <para> | ||
223 | The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures. | ||
224 | These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are | ||
225 | fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs. | ||
226 | The last three can be made available to and from userland. | ||
227 | </para> | ||
228 | |||
229 | <para> | ||
230 | fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card. | ||
231 | Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a | ||
232 | collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work. | ||
233 | fb_info is only visible to the kernel. | ||
234 | </para> | ||
235 | |||
236 | <para> | ||
237 | fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card | ||
238 | that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as | ||
239 | depth and the resolution may be defined. | ||
240 | </para> | ||
241 | |||
242 | <para> | ||
243 | The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the | ||
244 | properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't | ||
245 | be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the | ||
246 | frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer | ||
247 | memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved. | ||
248 | </para> | ||
249 | |||
250 | <para> | ||
251 | The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was | ||
252 | little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things | ||
253 | such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With | ||
254 | the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used | ||
255 | correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs | ||
256 | will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x. | ||
257 | </para> | ||
258 | |||
259 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title> | ||
260 | !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c | ||
261 | </sect1> | ||
262 | <!-- | ||
263 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title> | ||
264 | X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c | ||
265 | </sect1> | ||
266 | --> | ||
267 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title> | ||
268 | !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c | ||
269 | </sect1> | ||
270 | <!-- FIXME: | ||
271 | drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment | ||
272 | out until somebody adds docs. KAO | ||
273 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title> | ||
274 | X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c | ||
275 | </sect1> | ||
276 | KAO --> | ||
277 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title> | ||
278 | !Idrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
279 | !Edrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
280 | </sect1> | ||
281 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title> | ||
282 | !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c | ||
283 | </sect1> | ||
284 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title> | ||
285 | <para> | ||
286 | Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information. | ||
287 | </para> | ||
288 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
289 | X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c | ||
290 | --> | ||
291 | </sect1> | ||
292 | </chapter> | ||
293 | |||
294 | <chapter id="input_subsystem"> | ||
295 | <title>Input Subsystem</title> | ||
296 | !Iinclude/linux/input.h | ||
297 | !Edrivers/input/input.c | ||
298 | !Edrivers/input/ff-core.c | ||
299 | !Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c | ||
300 | </chapter> | ||
301 | |||
302 | <chapter id="spi"> | ||
303 | <title>Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)</title> | ||
304 | <para> | ||
305 | SPI is the "Serial Peripheral Interface", widely used with | ||
306 | embedded systems because it is a simple and efficient | ||
307 | interface: basically a multiplexed shift register. | ||
308 | Its three signal wires hold a clock (SCK, often in the range | ||
309 | of 1-20 MHz), a "Master Out, Slave In" (MOSI) data line, and | ||
310 | a "Master In, Slave Out" (MISO) data line. | ||
311 | SPI is a full duplex protocol; for each bit shifted out the | ||
312 | MOSI line (one per clock) another is shifted in on the MISO line. | ||
313 | Those bits are assembled into words of various sizes on the | ||
314 | way to and from system memory. | ||
315 | An additional chipselect line is usually active-low (nCS); | ||
316 | four signals are normally used for each peripheral, plus | ||
317 | sometimes an interrupt. | ||
318 | </para> | ||
319 | <para> | ||
320 | The SPI bus facilities listed here provide a generalized | ||
321 | interface to declare SPI busses and devices, manage them | ||
322 | according to the standard Linux driver model, and perform | ||
323 | input/output operations. | ||
324 | At this time, only "master" side interfaces are supported, | ||
325 | where Linux talks to SPI peripherals and does not implement | ||
326 | such a peripheral itself. | ||
327 | (Interfaces to support implementing SPI slaves would | ||
328 | necessarily look different.) | ||
329 | </para> | ||
330 | <para> | ||
331 | The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver, | ||
332 | and two kinds of device. | ||
333 | A "Controller Driver" abstracts the controller hardware, which may | ||
334 | be as simple as a set of GPIO pins or as complex as a pair of FIFOs | ||
335 | connected to dual DMA engines on the other side of the SPI shift | ||
336 | register (maximizing throughput). Such drivers bridge between | ||
337 | whatever bus they sit on (often the platform bus) and SPI, and | ||
338 | expose the SPI side of their device as a | ||
339 | <structname>struct spi_master</structname>. | ||
340 | SPI devices are children of that master, represented as a | ||
341 | <structname>struct spi_device</structname> and manufactured from | ||
342 | <structname>struct spi_board_info</structname> descriptors which | ||
343 | are usually provided by board-specific initialization code. | ||
344 | A <structname>struct spi_driver</structname> is called a | ||
345 | "Protocol Driver", and is bound to a spi_device using normal | ||
346 | driver model calls. | ||
347 | </para> | ||
348 | <para> | ||
349 | The I/O model is a set of queued messages. Protocol drivers | ||
350 | submit one or more <structname>struct spi_message</structname> | ||
351 | objects, which are processed and completed asynchronously. | ||
352 | (There are synchronous wrappers, however.) Messages are | ||
353 | built from one or more <structname>struct spi_transfer</structname> | ||
354 | objects, each of which wraps a full duplex SPI transfer. | ||
355 | A variety of protocol tweaking options are needed, because | ||
356 | different chips adopt very different policies for how they | ||
357 | use the bits transferred with SPI. | ||
358 | </para> | ||
359 | !Iinclude/linux/spi/spi.h | ||
360 | !Fdrivers/spi/spi.c spi_register_board_info | ||
361 | !Edrivers/spi/spi.c | ||
362 | </chapter> | ||
363 | |||
364 | <chapter id="i2c"> | ||
365 | <title>I<superscript>2</superscript>C and SMBus Subsystem</title> | ||
366 | |||
367 | <para> | ||
368 | I<superscript>2</superscript>C (or without fancy typography, "I2C") | ||
369 | is an acronym for the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is | ||
370 | widely used where low data rate communications suffice. | ||
371 | Since it's also a licensed trademark, some vendors use another | ||
372 | name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for the same bus. | ||
373 | I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data), conserving | ||
374 | board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues. | ||
375 | Most I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up | ||
376 | to 400 kHz; there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet | ||
377 | found wide use. | ||
378 | I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to | ||
379 | arbitrate between masters, as well as to handshake and to | ||
380 | synchronize clocks from slower clients. | ||
381 | </para> | ||
382 | |||
383 | <para> | ||
384 | The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master | ||
385 | side of bus interactions, not the slave side. | ||
386 | The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver, | ||
387 | and two kinds of device. | ||
388 | An I2C "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds | ||
389 | to a physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and | ||
390 | exposes a <structname>struct i2c_adapter</structname> representing | ||
391 | each I2C bus segment it manages. | ||
392 | On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices represented by a | ||
393 | <structname>struct i2c_client</structname>. Those devices will | ||
394 | be bound to a <structname>struct i2c_driver</structname>, | ||
395 | which should follow the standard Linux driver model. | ||
396 | (At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.) | ||
397 | There are functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at | ||
398 | this writing all such functions are usable only from task context. | ||
399 | </para> | ||
400 | |||
401 | <para> | ||
402 | The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus | ||
403 | systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are | ||
404 | tighter for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages | ||
405 | and idioms. Controllers that support I2C can also support most | ||
406 | SMBus operations, but SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol | ||
407 | options that an I2C controller will. | ||
408 | There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol operations, | ||
409 | either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to | ||
410 | i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations. | ||
411 | </para> | ||
412 | |||
413 | !Iinclude/linux/i2c.h | ||
414 | !Fdrivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c i2c_register_board_info | ||
415 | !Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c | ||
416 | </chapter> | ||
417 | |||
418 | </book> | ||
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index 5818ff75786a..bc962cda6504 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl | |||
@@ -38,58 +38,6 @@ | |||
38 | 38 | ||
39 | <toc></toc> | 39 | <toc></toc> |
40 | 40 | ||
41 | <chapter id="Basics"> | ||
42 | <title>Driver Basics</title> | ||
43 | <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title> | ||
44 | !Iinclude/linux/init.h | ||
45 | </sect1> | ||
46 | |||
47 | <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title> | ||
48 | !Iarch/x86/include/asm/atomic_32.h | ||
49 | !Iarch/x86/include/asm/unaligned.h | ||
50 | </sect1> | ||
51 | |||
52 | <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title> | ||
53 | !Iinclude/linux/sched.h | ||
54 | !Ekernel/sched.c | ||
55 | !Ekernel/timer.c | ||
56 | </sect1> | ||
57 | <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title> | ||
58 | !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h | ||
59 | !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h | ||
60 | !Ekernel/hrtimer.c | ||
61 | </sect1> | ||
62 | <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title> | ||
63 | !Ekernel/workqueue.c | ||
64 | </sect1> | ||
65 | <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title> | ||
66 | !Ikernel/exit.c | ||
67 | !Ikernel/signal.c | ||
68 | !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h | ||
69 | !Ekernel/kthread.c | ||
70 | </sect1> | ||
71 | |||
72 | <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title> | ||
73 | <!-- | ||
74 | X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h | ||
75 | --> | ||
76 | !Elib/kobject.c | ||
77 | </sect1> | ||
78 | |||
79 | <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title> | ||
80 | !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h | ||
81 | !Ekernel/printk.c | ||
82 | !Ekernel/panic.c | ||
83 | !Ekernel/sys.c | ||
84 | !Ekernel/rcupdate.c | ||
85 | </sect1> | ||
86 | |||
87 | <sect1><title>Device Resource Management</title> | ||
88 | !Edrivers/base/devres.c | ||
89 | </sect1> | ||
90 | |||
91 | </chapter> | ||
92 | |||
93 | <chapter id="adt"> | 41 | <chapter id="adt"> |
94 | <title>Data Types</title> | 42 | <title>Data Types</title> |
95 | <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title> | 43 | <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title> |
@@ -298,62 +246,6 @@ X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c | |||
298 | !Ikernel/acct.c | 246 | !Ikernel/acct.c |
299 | </chapter> | 247 | </chapter> |
300 | 248 | ||
301 | <chapter id="devdrivers"> | ||
302 | <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title> | ||
303 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title> | ||
304 | <!-- | ||
305 | X!Iinclude/linux/device.h | ||
306 | --> | ||
307 | !Edrivers/base/driver.c | ||
308 | !Edrivers/base/core.c | ||
309 | !Edrivers/base/class.c | ||
310 | !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c | ||
311 | !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c | ||
312 | <!-- Cannot be included, because | ||
313 | attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter | ||
314 | and attribute_container_classdev_to_container | ||
315 | exceed allowed 44 characters maximum | ||
316 | X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c | ||
317 | --> | ||
318 | !Edrivers/base/sys.c | ||
319 | <!-- | ||
320 | X!Edrivers/base/interface.c | ||
321 | --> | ||
322 | !Edrivers/base/platform.c | ||
323 | !Edrivers/base/bus.c | ||
324 | </sect1> | ||
325 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title> | ||
326 | !Edrivers/base/power/main.c | ||
327 | </sect1> | ||
328 | <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title> | ||
329 | <!-- Internal functions only | ||
330 | X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c | ||
331 | X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c | ||
332 | X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c | ||
333 | X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c | ||
334 | --> | ||
335 | !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c | ||
336 | !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c | ||
337 | <!-- No correct structured comments | ||
338 | X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c | ||
339 | --> | ||
340 | </sect1> | ||
341 | <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title> | ||
342 | !Idrivers/pnp/core.c | ||
343 | <!-- No correct structured comments | ||
344 | X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c | ||
345 | --> | ||
346 | !Edrivers/pnp/card.c | ||
347 | !Idrivers/pnp/driver.c | ||
348 | !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c | ||
349 | !Edrivers/pnp/support.c | ||
350 | </sect1> | ||
351 | <sect1><title>Userspace IO devices</title> | ||
352 | !Edrivers/uio/uio.c | ||
353 | !Iinclude/linux/uio_driver.h | ||
354 | </sect1> | ||
355 | </chapter> | ||
356 | |||
357 | <chapter id="blkdev"> | 249 | <chapter id="blkdev"> |
358 | <title>Block Devices</title> | 250 | <title>Block Devices</title> |
359 | !Eblock/blk-core.c | 251 | !Eblock/blk-core.c |
@@ -381,275 +273,6 @@ X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c | |||
381 | !Edrivers/char/misc.c | 273 | !Edrivers/char/misc.c |
382 | </chapter> | 274 | </chapter> |
383 | 275 | ||
384 | <chapter id="parportdev"> | ||
385 | <title>Parallel Port Devices</title> | ||
386 | !Iinclude/linux/parport.h | ||
387 | !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c | ||
388 | !Edrivers/parport/share.c | ||
389 | !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c | ||
390 | </chapter> | ||
391 | |||
392 | <chapter id="message_devices"> | ||
393 | <title>Message-based devices</title> | ||
394 | <sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title> | ||
395 | !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c | ||
396 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c | ||
397 | !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c | ||
398 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c | ||
399 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c | ||
400 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c | ||
401 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c | ||
402 | !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c | ||
403 | </sect1> | ||
404 | <sect1><title>I2O message devices</title> | ||
405 | !Iinclude/linux/i2o.h | ||
406 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h | ||
407 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c | ||
408 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c | ||
409 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c | ||
410 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c | ||
411 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c | ||
412 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c | ||
413 | !Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c | ||
414 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c | ||
415 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c | ||
416 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c | ||
417 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c | ||
418 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c | ||
419 | !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c | ||
420 | </sect1> | ||
421 | </chapter> | ||
422 | |||
423 | <chapter id="snddev"> | ||
424 | <title>Sound Devices</title> | ||
425 | !Iinclude/sound/core.h | ||
426 | !Esound/sound_core.c | ||
427 | !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h | ||
428 | !Esound/core/pcm.c | ||
429 | !Esound/core/device.c | ||
430 | !Esound/core/info.c | ||
431 | !Esound/core/rawmidi.c | ||
432 | !Esound/core/sound.c | ||
433 | !Esound/core/memory.c | ||
434 | !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c | ||
435 | !Esound/core/init.c | ||
436 | !Esound/core/isadma.c | ||
437 | !Esound/core/control.c | ||
438 | !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c | ||
439 | !Esound/core/hwdep.c | ||
440 | !Esound/core/pcm_native.c | ||
441 | !Esound/core/memalloc.c | ||
442 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
443 | X!Isound/sound_firmware.c | ||
444 | --> | ||
445 | </chapter> | ||
446 | |||
447 | <chapter id="uart16x50"> | ||
448 | <title>16x50 UART Driver</title> | ||
449 | !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h | ||
450 | !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c | ||
451 | !Edrivers/serial/8250.c | ||
452 | </chapter> | ||
453 | |||
454 | <chapter id="fbdev"> | ||
455 | <title>Frame Buffer Library</title> | ||
456 | |||
457 | <para> | ||
458 | The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures. | ||
459 | These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are | ||
460 | fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs. | ||
461 | The last three can be made available to and from userland. | ||
462 | </para> | ||
463 | |||
464 | <para> | ||
465 | fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card. | ||
466 | Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a | ||
467 | collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work. | ||
468 | fb_info is only visible to the kernel. | ||
469 | </para> | ||
470 | |||
471 | <para> | ||
472 | fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card | ||
473 | that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as | ||
474 | depth and the resolution may be defined. | ||
475 | </para> | ||
476 | |||
477 | <para> | ||
478 | The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the | ||
479 | properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't | ||
480 | be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the | ||
481 | frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer | ||
482 | memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved. | ||
483 | </para> | ||
484 | |||
485 | <para> | ||
486 | The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was | ||
487 | little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things | ||
488 | such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With | ||
489 | the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used | ||
490 | correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs | ||
491 | will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x. | ||
492 | </para> | ||
493 | |||
494 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title> | ||
495 | !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c | ||
496 | </sect1> | ||
497 | <!-- | ||
498 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title> | ||
499 | X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c | ||
500 | </sect1> | ||
501 | --> | ||
502 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title> | ||
503 | !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c | ||
504 | </sect1> | ||
505 | <!-- FIXME: | ||
506 | drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment | ||
507 | out until somebody adds docs. KAO | ||
508 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title> | ||
509 | X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c | ||
510 | </sect1> | ||
511 | KAO --> | ||
512 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title> | ||
513 | !Idrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
514 | !Edrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
515 | </sect1> | ||
516 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title> | ||
517 | !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c | ||
518 | </sect1> | ||
519 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title> | ||
520 | <para> | ||
521 | Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information. | ||
522 | </para> | ||
523 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
524 | X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c | ||
525 | --> | ||
526 | </sect1> | ||
527 | </chapter> | ||
528 | |||
529 | <chapter id="input_subsystem"> | ||
530 | <title>Input Subsystem</title> | ||
531 | !Iinclude/linux/input.h | ||
532 | !Edrivers/input/input.c | ||
533 | !Edrivers/input/ff-core.c | ||
534 | !Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c | ||
535 | </chapter> | ||
536 | |||
537 | <chapter id="spi"> | ||
538 | <title>Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)</title> | ||
539 | <para> | ||
540 | SPI is the "Serial Peripheral Interface", widely used with | ||
541 | embedded systems because it is a simple and efficient | ||
542 | interface: basically a multiplexed shift register. | ||
543 | Its three signal wires hold a clock (SCK, often in the range | ||
544 | of 1-20 MHz), a "Master Out, Slave In" (MOSI) data line, and | ||
545 | a "Master In, Slave Out" (MISO) data line. | ||
546 | SPI is a full duplex protocol; for each bit shifted out the | ||
547 | MOSI line (one per clock) another is shifted in on the MISO line. | ||
548 | Those bits are assembled into words of various sizes on the | ||
549 | way to and from system memory. | ||
550 | An additional chipselect line is usually active-low (nCS); | ||
551 | four signals are normally used for each peripheral, plus | ||
552 | sometimes an interrupt. | ||
553 | </para> | ||
554 | <para> | ||
555 | The SPI bus facilities listed here provide a generalized | ||
556 | interface to declare SPI busses and devices, manage them | ||
557 | according to the standard Linux driver model, and perform | ||
558 | input/output operations. | ||
559 | At this time, only "master" side interfaces are supported, | ||
560 | where Linux talks to SPI peripherals and does not implement | ||
561 | such a peripheral itself. | ||
562 | (Interfaces to support implementing SPI slaves would | ||
563 | necessarily look different.) | ||
564 | </para> | ||
565 | <para> | ||
566 | The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver, | ||
567 | and two kinds of device. | ||
568 | A "Controller Driver" abstracts the controller hardware, which may | ||
569 | be as simple as a set of GPIO pins or as complex as a pair of FIFOs | ||
570 | connected to dual DMA engines on the other side of the SPI shift | ||
571 | register (maximizing throughput). Such drivers bridge between | ||
572 | whatever bus they sit on (often the platform bus) and SPI, and | ||
573 | expose the SPI side of their device as a | ||
574 | <structname>struct spi_master</structname>. | ||
575 | SPI devices are children of that master, represented as a | ||
576 | <structname>struct spi_device</structname> and manufactured from | ||
577 | <structname>struct spi_board_info</structname> descriptors which | ||
578 | are usually provided by board-specific initialization code. | ||
579 | A <structname>struct spi_driver</structname> is called a | ||
580 | "Protocol Driver", and is bound to a spi_device using normal | ||
581 | driver model calls. | ||
582 | </para> | ||
583 | <para> | ||
584 | The I/O model is a set of queued messages. Protocol drivers | ||
585 | submit one or more <structname>struct spi_message</structname> | ||
586 | objects, which are processed and completed asynchronously. | ||
587 | (There are synchronous wrappers, however.) Messages are | ||
588 | built from one or more <structname>struct spi_transfer</structname> | ||
589 | objects, each of which wraps a full duplex SPI transfer. | ||
590 | A variety of protocol tweaking options are needed, because | ||
591 | different chips adopt very different policies for how they | ||
592 | use the bits transferred with SPI. | ||
593 | </para> | ||
594 | !Iinclude/linux/spi/spi.h | ||
595 | !Fdrivers/spi/spi.c spi_register_board_info | ||
596 | !Edrivers/spi/spi.c | ||
597 | </chapter> | ||
598 | |||
599 | <chapter id="i2c"> | ||
600 | <title>I<superscript>2</superscript>C and SMBus Subsystem</title> | ||
601 | |||
602 | <para> | ||
603 | I<superscript>2</superscript>C (or without fancy typography, "I2C") | ||
604 | is an acronym for the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is | ||
605 | widely used where low data rate communications suffice. | ||
606 | Since it's also a licensed trademark, some vendors use another | ||
607 | name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for the same bus. | ||
608 | I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data), conserving | ||
609 | board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues. | ||
610 | Most I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up | ||
611 | to 400 kHz; there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet | ||
612 | found wide use. | ||
613 | I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to | ||
614 | arbitrate between masters, as well as to handshake and to | ||
615 | synchronize clocks from slower clients. | ||
616 | </para> | ||
617 | |||
618 | <para> | ||
619 | The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master | ||
620 | side of bus interactions, not the slave side. | ||
621 | The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver, | ||
622 | and two kinds of device. | ||
623 | An I2C "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds | ||
624 | to a physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and | ||
625 | exposes a <structname>struct i2c_adapter</structname> representing | ||
626 | each I2C bus segment it manages. | ||
627 | On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices represented by a | ||
628 | <structname>struct i2c_client</structname>. Those devices will | ||
629 | be bound to a <structname>struct i2c_driver</structname>, | ||
630 | which should follow the standard Linux driver model. | ||
631 | (At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.) | ||
632 | There are functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at | ||
633 | this writing all such functions are usable only from task context. | ||
634 | </para> | ||
635 | |||
636 | <para> | ||
637 | The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus | ||
638 | systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are | ||
639 | tighter for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages | ||
640 | and idioms. Controllers that support I2C can also support most | ||
641 | SMBus operations, but SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol | ||
642 | options that an I2C controller will. | ||
643 | There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol operations, | ||
644 | either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to | ||
645 | i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations. | ||
646 | </para> | ||
647 | |||
648 | !Iinclude/linux/i2c.h | ||
649 | !Fdrivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c i2c_register_board_info | ||
650 | !Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c | ||
651 | </chapter> | ||
652 | |||
653 | <chapter id="clk"> | 276 | <chapter id="clk"> |
654 | <title>Clock Framework</title> | 277 | <title>Clock Framework</title> |
655 | 278 | ||