diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/intel_txt.txt | 210 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt | 1 |
2 files changed, 211 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/intel_txt.txt b/Documentation/intel_txt.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f40a1f030019 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/intel_txt.txt | |||
| @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ | |||
| 1 | Intel(R) TXT Overview: | ||
| 2 | ===================== | ||
| 3 | |||
| 4 | Intel's technology for safer computing, Intel(R) Trusted Execution | ||
| 5 | Technology (Intel(R) TXT), defines platform-level enhancements that | ||
| 6 | provide the building blocks for creating trusted platforms. | ||
| 7 | |||
| 8 | Intel TXT was formerly known by the code name LaGrande Technology (LT). | ||
| 9 | |||
| 10 | Intel TXT in Brief: | ||
| 11 | o Provides dynamic root of trust for measurement (DRTM) | ||
| 12 | o Data protection in case of improper shutdown | ||
| 13 | o Measurement and verification of launched environment | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | Intel TXT is part of the vPro(TM) brand and is also available some | ||
| 16 | non-vPro systems. It is currently available on desktop systems | ||
| 17 | based on the Q35, X38, Q45, and Q43 Express chipsets (e.g. Dell | ||
| 18 | Optiplex 755, HP dc7800, etc.) and mobile systems based on the GM45, | ||
| 19 | PM45, and GS45 Express chipsets. | ||
| 20 | |||
| 21 | For more information, see http://www.intel.com/technology/security/. | ||
| 22 | This site also has a link to the Intel TXT MLE Developers Manual, | ||
| 23 | which has been updated for the new released platforms. | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | Intel TXT has been presented at various events over the past few | ||
| 26 | years, some of which are: | ||
| 27 | LinuxTAG 2008: | ||
| 28 | http://www.linuxtag.org/2008/en/conf/events/vp-donnerstag/ | ||
| 29 | details.html?talkid=110 | ||
| 30 | TRUST2008: | ||
| 31 | http://www.trust2008.eu/downloads/Keynote-Speakers/ | ||
| 32 | 3_David-Grawrock_The-Front-Door-of-Trusted-Computing.pdf | ||
| 33 | IDF 2008, Shanghai: | ||
| 34 | http://inteldeveloperforum.com.edgesuite.net/shanghai_2008/ | ||
| 35 | aep/PROS003/index.html | ||
| 36 | IDFs 2006, 2007 (I'm not sure if/where they are online) | ||
| 37 | |||
| 38 | Trusted Boot Project Overview: | ||
| 39 | ============================= | ||
| 40 | |||
| 41 | Trusted Boot (tboot) is an open source, pre- kernel/VMM module that | ||
| 42 | uses Intel TXT to perform a measured and verified launch of an OS | ||
| 43 | kernel/VMM. | ||
| 44 | |||
| 45 | It is hosted on SourceForge at http://sourceforge.net/projects/tboot. | ||
| 46 | The mercurial source repo is available at http://www.bughost.org/ | ||
| 47 | repos.hg/tboot.hg. | ||
| 48 | |||
| 49 | Tboot currently supports launching Xen (open source VMM/hypervisor | ||
| 50 | w/ TXT support since v3.2), and now Linux kernels. | ||
| 51 | |||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | Value Proposition for Linux or "Why should you care?" | ||
| 54 | ===================================================== | ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | While there are many products and technologies that attempt to | ||
| 57 | measure or protect the integrity of a running kernel, they all | ||
| 58 | assume the kernel is "good" to begin with. The Integrity | ||
| 59 | Measurement Architecture (IMA) and Linux Integrity Module interface | ||
| 60 | are examples of such solutions. | ||
| 61 | |||
| 62 | To get trust in the initial kernel without using Intel TXT, a | ||
| 63 | static root of trust must be used. This bases trust in BIOS | ||
| 64 | starting at system reset and requires measurement of all code | ||
| 65 | executed between system reset through the completion of the kernel | ||
| 66 | boot as well as data objects used by that code. In the case of a | ||
| 67 | Linux kernel, this means all of BIOS, any option ROMs, the | ||
| 68 | bootloader and the boot config. In practice, this is a lot of | ||
| 69 | code/data, much of which is subject to change from boot to boot | ||
| 70 | (e.g. changing NICs may change option ROMs). Without reference | ||
| 71 | hashes, these measurement changes are difficult to assess or | ||
| 72 | confirm as benign. This process also does not provide DMA | ||
| 73 | protection, memory configuration/alias checks and locks, crash | ||
| 74 | protection, or policy support. | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | By using the hardware-based root of trust that Intel TXT provides, | ||
| 77 | many of these issues can be mitigated. Specifically: many | ||
| 78 | pre-launch components can be removed from the trust chain, DMA | ||
| 79 | protection is provided to all launched components, a large number | ||
| 80 | of platform configuration checks are performed and values locked, | ||
| 81 | protection is provided for any data in the event of an improper | ||
| 82 | shutdown, and there is support for policy-based execution/verification. | ||
| 83 | This provides a more stable measurement and a higher assurance of | ||
| 84 | system configuration and initial state than would be otherwise | ||
| 85 | possible. Since the tboot project is open source, source code for | ||
| 86 | almost all parts of the trust chain is available (excepting SMM and | ||
| 87 | Intel-provided firmware). | ||
| 88 | |||
| 89 | How Does it Work? | ||
| 90 | ================= | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | o Tboot is an executable that is launched by the bootloader as | ||
| 93 | the "kernel" (the binary the bootloader executes). | ||
| 94 | o It performs all of the work necessary to determine if the | ||
| 95 | platform supports Intel TXT and, if so, executes the GETSEC[SENTER] | ||
| 96 | processor instruction that initiates the dynamic root of trust. | ||
| 97 | - If tboot determines that the system does not support Intel TXT | ||
| 98 | or is not configured correctly (e.g. the SINIT AC Module was | ||
| 99 | incorrect), it will directly launch the kernel with no changes | ||
| 100 | to any state. | ||
| 101 | - Tboot will output various information about its progress to the | ||
| 102 | terminal, serial port, and/or an in-memory log; the output | ||
| 103 | locations can be configured with a command line switch. | ||
| 104 | o The GETSEC[SENTER] instruction will return control to tboot and | ||
| 105 | tboot then verifies certain aspects of the environment (e.g. TPM NV | ||
| 106 | lock, e820 table does not have invalid entries, etc.). | ||
| 107 | o It will wake the APs from the special sleep state the GETSEC[SENTER] | ||
| 108 | instruction had put them in and place them into a wait-for-SIPI | ||
| 109 | state. | ||
| 110 | - Because the processors will not respond to an INIT or SIPI when | ||
| 111 | in the TXT environment, it is necessary to create a small VT-x | ||
| 112 | guest for the APs. When they run in this guest, they will | ||
| 113 | simply wait for the INIT-SIPI-SIPI sequence, which will cause | ||
| 114 | VMEXITs, and then disable VT and jump to the SIPI vector. This | ||
| 115 | approach seemed like a better choice than having to insert | ||
| 116 | special code into the kernel's MP wakeup sequence. | ||
| 117 | o Tboot then applies an (optional) user-defined launch policy to | ||
| 118 | verify the kernel and initrd. | ||
| 119 | - This policy is rooted in TPM NV and is described in the tboot | ||
| 120 | project. The tboot project also contains code for tools to | ||
| 121 | create and provision the policy. | ||
| 122 | - Policies are completely under user control and if not present | ||
| 123 | then any kernel will be launched. | ||
| 124 | - Policy action is flexible and can include halting on failures | ||
| 125 | or simply logging them and continuing. | ||
| 126 | o Tboot adjusts the e820 table provided by the bootloader to reserve | ||
| 127 | its own location in memory as well as to reserve certain other | ||
| 128 | TXT-related regions. | ||
| 129 | o As part of it's launch, tboot DMA protects all of RAM (using the | ||
| 130 | VT-d PMRs). Thus, the kernel must be booted with 'intel_iommu=on' | ||
| 131 | in order to remove this blanket protection and use VT-d's | ||
| 132 | page-level protection. | ||
| 133 | o Tboot will populate a shared page with some data about itself and | ||
| 134 | pass this to the Linux kernel as it transfers control. | ||
| 135 | - The location of the shared page is passed via the boot_params | ||
| 136 | struct as a physical address. | ||
| 137 | o The kernel will look for the tboot shared page address and, if it | ||
| 138 | exists, map it. | ||
| 139 | o As one of the checks/protections provided by TXT, it makes a copy | ||
| 140 | of the VT-d DMARs in a DMA-protected region of memory and verifies | ||
| 141 | them for correctness. The VT-d code will detect if the kernel was | ||
| 142 | launched with tboot and use this copy instead of the one in the | ||
| 143 | ACPI table. | ||
| 144 | o At this point, tboot and TXT are out of the picture until a | ||
| 145 | shutdown (S<n>) | ||
| 146 | o In order to put a system into any of the sleep states after a TXT | ||
| 147 | launch, TXT must first be exited. This is to prevent attacks that | ||
| 148 | attempt to crash the system to gain control on reboot and steal | ||
| 149 | data left in memory. | ||
| 150 | - The kernel will perform all of its sleep preparation and | ||
| 151 | populate the shared page with the ACPI data needed to put the | ||
| 152 | platform in the desired sleep state. | ||
| 153 | - Then the kernel jumps into tboot via the vector specified in the | ||
| 154 | shared page. | ||
| 155 | - Tboot will clean up the environment and disable TXT, then use the | ||
| 156 | kernel-provided ACPI information to actually place the platform | ||
| 157 | into the desired sleep state. | ||
| 158 | - In the case of S3, tboot will also register itself as the resume | ||
| 159 | vector. This is necessary because it must re-establish the | ||
| 160 | measured environment upon resume. Once the TXT environment | ||
| 161 | has been restored, it will restore the TPM PCRs and then | ||
| 162 | transfer control back to the kernel's S3 resume vector. | ||
| 163 | In order to preserve system integrity across S3, the kernel | ||
| 164 | provides tboot with a set of memory ranges (kernel | ||
| 165 | code/data/bss, S3 resume code, and AP trampoline) that tboot | ||
| 166 | will calculate a MAC (message authentication code) over and then | ||
| 167 | seal with the TPM. On resume and once the measured environment | ||
| 168 | has been re-established, tboot will re-calculate the MAC and | ||
| 169 | verify it against the sealed value. Tboot's policy determines | ||
| 170 | what happens if the verification fails. | ||
| 171 | |||
| 172 | That's pretty much it for TXT support. | ||
| 173 | |||
| 174 | |||
| 175 | Configuring the System: | ||
| 176 | ====================== | ||
| 177 | |||
| 178 | This code works with 32bit, 32bit PAE, and 64bit (x86_64) kernels. | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | In BIOS, the user must enable: TPM, TXT, VT-x, VT-d. Not all BIOSes | ||
| 181 | allow these to be individually enabled/disabled and the screens in | ||
| 182 | which to find them are BIOS-specific. | ||
| 183 | |||
| 184 | grub.conf needs to be modified as follows: | ||
| 185 | title Linux 2.6.29-tip w/ tboot | ||
| 186 | root (hd0,0) | ||
| 187 | kernel /tboot.gz logging=serial,vga,memory | ||
| 188 | module /vmlinuz-2.6.29-tip intel_iommu=on ro | ||
| 189 | root=LABEL=/ rhgb console=ttyS0,115200 3 | ||
| 190 | module /initrd-2.6.29-tip.img | ||
| 191 | module /Q35_SINIT_17.BIN | ||
| 192 | |||
| 193 | The kernel option for enabling Intel TXT support is found under the | ||
| 194 | Security top-level menu and is called "Enable Intel(R) Trusted | ||
| 195 | Execution Technology (TXT)". It is marked as EXPERIMENTAL and | ||
| 196 | depends on the generic x86 support (to allow maximum flexibility in | ||
| 197 | kernel build options), since the tboot code will detect whether the | ||
| 198 | platform actually supports Intel TXT and thus whether any of the | ||
| 199 | kernel code is executed. | ||
| 200 | |||
| 201 | The Q35_SINIT_17.BIN file is what Intel TXT refers to as an | ||
| 202 | Authenticated Code Module. It is specific to the chipset in the | ||
| 203 | system and can also be found on the Trusted Boot site. It is an | ||
| 204 | (unencrypted) module signed by Intel that is used as part of the | ||
| 205 | DRTM process to verify and configure the system. It is signed | ||
| 206 | because it operates at a higher privilege level in the system than | ||
| 207 | any other macrocode and its correct operation is critical to the | ||
| 208 | establishment of the DRTM. The process for determining the correct | ||
| 209 | SINIT ACM for a system is documented in the SINIT-guide.txt file | ||
| 210 | that is on the tboot SourceForge site under the SINIT ACM downloads. | ||
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt index 4f913857b8a2..feb37e177010 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt | |||
| @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning | |||
| 12 | 000/040 ALL screen_info Text mode or frame buffer information | 12 | 000/040 ALL screen_info Text mode or frame buffer information |
| 13 | (struct screen_info) | 13 | (struct screen_info) |
| 14 | 040/014 ALL apm_bios_info APM BIOS information (struct apm_bios_info) | 14 | 040/014 ALL apm_bios_info APM BIOS information (struct apm_bios_info) |
| 15 | 058/008 ALL tboot_addr Physical address of tboot shared page | ||
| 15 | 060/010 ALL ist_info Intel SpeedStep (IST) BIOS support information | 16 | 060/010 ALL ist_info Intel SpeedStep (IST) BIOS support information |
| 16 | (struct ist_info) | 17 | (struct ist_info) |
| 17 | 080/010 ALL hd0_info hd0 disk parameter, OBSOLETE!! | 18 | 080/010 ALL hd0_info hd0 disk parameter, OBSOLETE!! |
