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+   d) Xilinx IP cores
+
+   The Xilinx EDK toolchain ships with a set of IP cores (devices) for use
+   in Xilinx Spartan and Virtex FPGAs.  The devices cover the whole range
+   of standard device types (network, serial, etc.) and miscellaneous
+   devices (gpio, LCD, spi, etc).  Also, since these devices are
+   implemented within the fpga fabric every instance of the device can be
+   synthesised with different options that change the behaviour.
+
+   Each IP-core has a set of parameters which the FPGA designer can use to
+   control how the core is synthesized.  Historically, the EDK tool would
+   extract the device parameters relevant to device drivers and copy them
+   into an 'xparameters.h' in the form of #define symbols.  This tells the
+   device drivers how the IP cores are configured, but it requres the kernel
+   to be recompiled every time the FPGA bitstream is resynthesized.
+
+   The new approach is to export the parameters into the device tree and
+   generate a new device tree each time the FPGA bitstream changes.  The
+   parameters which used to be exported as #defines will now become
+   properties of the device node.  In general, device nodes for IP-cores
+   will take the following form:
+
+        (name): (generic-name)@(base-address) {
+                compatible = "xlnx,(ip-core-name)-(HW_VER)"
+                             [, (list of compatible devices), ...];
+                reg = <(baseaddr) (size)>;
+                interrupt-parent = <&interrupt-controller-phandle>;
+                interrupts = < ... >;
+                xlnx,(parameter1) = "(string-value)";
+                xlnx,(parameter2) = <(int-value)>;
+        };
+
+        (generic-name):   an open firmware-style name that describes the
+                        generic class of device.  Preferably, this is one word, such
+                        as 'serial' or 'ethernet'.
+        (ip-core-name): the name of the ip block (given after the BEGIN
+                        directive in system.mhs).  Should be in lowercase
+                        and all underscores '_' converted to dashes '-'.
+        (name):         is derived from the "PARAMETER INSTANCE" value.
+        (parameter#):   C_* parameters from system.mhs.  The C_ prefix is
+                        dropped from the parameter name, the name is converted
+                        to lowercase and all underscore '_' characters are
+                        converted to dashes '-'.
+        (baseaddr):     the baseaddr parameter value (often named C_BASEADDR).
+        (HW_VER):       from the HW_VER parameter.
+        (size):         the address range size (often C_HIGHADDR - C_BASEADDR + 1).
+
+   Typically, the compatible list will include the exact IP core version
+   followed by an older IP core version which implements the same
+   interface or any other device with the same interface.
+
+   'reg', 'interrupt-parent' and 'interrupts' are all optional properties.
+
+   For example, the following block from system.mhs:
+
+        BEGIN opb_uartlite
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = opb_uartlite_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.00.b
+                PARAMETER C_BAUDRATE = 115200
+                PARAMETER C_DATA_BITS = 8
+                PARAMETER C_ODD_PARITY = 0
+                PARAMETER C_USE_PARITY = 0
+                PARAMETER C_CLK_FREQ = 50000000
+                PARAMETER C_BASEADDR = 0xEC100000
+                PARAMETER C_HIGHADDR = 0xEC10FFFF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SOPB = opb_7
+                PORT OPB_Clk = CLK_50MHz
+                PORT Interrupt = opb_uartlite_0_Interrupt
+                PORT RX = opb_uartlite_0_RX
+                PORT TX = opb_uartlite_0_TX
+                PORT OPB_Rst = sys_bus_reset_0
+        END
+
+   becomes the following device tree node:
+
+        opb_uartlite_0: serial@ec100000 {
+                device_type = "serial";
+                compatible = "xlnx,opb-uartlite-1.00.b";
+                reg = <ec100000 10000>;
+                interrupt-parent = <&opb_intc_0>;
+                interrupts = <1 0>; // got this from the opb_intc parameters
+                current-speed = <d#115200>;     // standard serial device prop
+                clock-frequency = <d#50000000>; // standard serial device prop
+                xlnx,data-bits = <8>;
+                xlnx,odd-parity = <0>;
+                xlnx,use-parity = <0>;
+        };
+
+   Some IP cores actually implement 2 or more logical devices.  In
+   this case, the device should still describe the whole IP core with
+   a single node and add a child node for each logical device.  The
+   ranges property can be used to translate from parent IP-core to the
+   registers of each device.  In addition, the parent node should be
+   compatible with the bus type 'xlnx,compound', and should contain
+   #address-cells and #size-cells, as with any other bus.  (Note: this
+   makes the assumption that both logical devices have the same bus
+   binding.  If this is not true, then separate nodes should be used
+   for each logical device).  The 'cell-index' property can be used to
+   enumerate logical devices within an IP core.  For example, the
+   following is the system.mhs entry for the dual ps2 controller found
+   on the ml403 reference design.
+
+        BEGIN opb_ps2_dual_ref
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = opb_ps2_dual_ref_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.00.a
+                PARAMETER C_BASEADDR = 0xA9000000
+                PARAMETER C_HIGHADDR = 0xA9001FFF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SOPB = opb_v20_0
+                PORT Sys_Intr1 = ps2_1_intr
+                PORT Sys_Intr2 = ps2_2_intr
+                PORT Clkin1 = ps2_clk_rx_1
+                PORT Clkin2 = ps2_clk_rx_2
+                PORT Clkpd1 = ps2_clk_tx_1
+                PORT Clkpd2 = ps2_clk_tx_2
+                PORT Rx1 = ps2_d_rx_1
+                PORT Rx2 = ps2_d_rx_2
+                PORT Txpd1 = ps2_d_tx_1
+                PORT Txpd2 = ps2_d_tx_2
+        END
+
+   It would result in the following device tree nodes:
+
+        opb_ps2_dual_ref_0: opb-ps2-dual-ref@a9000000 {
+                #address-cells = <1>;
+                #size-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "xlnx,compound";
+                ranges = <0 a9000000 2000>;
+                // If this device had extra parameters, then they would
+                // go here.
+                ps2@0 {
+                        compatible = "xlnx,opb-ps2-dual-ref-1.00.a";
+                        reg = <0 40>;
+                        interrupt-parent = <&opb_intc_0>;
+                        interrupts = <3 0>;
+                        cell-index = <0>;
+                };
+                ps2@1000 {
+                        compatible = "xlnx,opb-ps2-dual-ref-1.00.a";
+                        reg = <1000 40>;
+                        interrupt-parent = <&opb_intc_0>;
+                        interrupts = <3 0>;
+                        cell-index = <0>;
+                };
+        };
+
+   Also, the system.mhs file defines bus attachments from the processor
+   to the devices.  The device tree structure should reflect the bus
+   attachments.  Again an example; this system.mhs fragment:
+
+        BEGIN ppc405_virtex4
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = ppc405_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.01.a
+                BUS_INTERFACE DPLB = plb_v34_0
+                BUS_INTERFACE IPLB = plb_v34_0
+        END
+
+        BEGIN opb_intc
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = opb_intc_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.00.c
+                PARAMETER C_BASEADDR = 0xD1000FC0
+                PARAMETER C_HIGHADDR = 0xD1000FDF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SOPB = opb_v20_0
+        END
+
+        BEGIN opb_uart16550
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = opb_uart16550_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.00.d
+                PARAMETER C_BASEADDR = 0xa0000000
+                PARAMETER C_HIGHADDR = 0xa0001FFF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SOPB = opb_v20_0
+        END
+
+        BEGIN plb_v34
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = plb_v34_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.02.a
+        END
+
+        BEGIN plb_bram_if_cntlr
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = plb_bram_if_cntlr_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.00.b
+                PARAMETER C_BASEADDR = 0xFFFF0000
+                PARAMETER C_HIGHADDR = 0xFFFFFFFF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SPLB = plb_v34_0
+        END
+
+        BEGIN plb2opb_bridge
+                PARAMETER INSTANCE = plb2opb_bridge_0
+                PARAMETER HW_VER = 1.01.a
+                PARAMETER C_RNG0_BASEADDR = 0x20000000
+                PARAMETER C_RNG0_HIGHADDR = 0x3FFFFFFF
+                PARAMETER C_RNG1_BASEADDR = 0x60000000
+                PARAMETER C_RNG1_HIGHADDR = 0x7FFFFFFF
+                PARAMETER C_RNG2_BASEADDR = 0x80000000
+                PARAMETER C_RNG2_HIGHADDR = 0xBFFFFFFF
+                PARAMETER C_RNG3_BASEADDR = 0xC0000000
+                PARAMETER C_RNG3_HIGHADDR = 0xDFFFFFFF
+                BUS_INTERFACE SPLB = plb_v34_0
+                BUS_INTERFACE MOPB = opb_v20_0
+        END
+
+   Gives this device tree (some properties removed for clarity):
+
+        plb@0 {
+                #address-cells = <1>;
+                #size-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "xlnx,plb-v34-1.02.a";
+                device_type = "ibm,plb";
+                ranges; // 1:1 translation
+
+                plb_bram_if_cntrl_0: bram@ffff0000 {
+                        reg = <ffff0000 10000>;
+                }
+
+                opb@20000000 {
+                        #address-cells = <1>;
+                        #size-cells = <1>;
+                        ranges = <20000000 20000000 20000000
+                                  60000000 60000000 20000000
+                                  80000000 80000000 40000000
+                                  c0000000 c0000000 20000000>;
+
+                        opb_uart16550_0: serial@a0000000 {
+                                reg = <a00000000 2000>;
+                        };
+
+                        opb_intc_0: interrupt-controller@d1000fc0 {
+                                reg = <d1000fc0 20>;
+                        };
+                };
+        };
+
+   That covers the general approach to binding xilinx IP cores into the
+   device tree.  The following are bindings for specific devices:
+
+      i) Xilinx ML300 Framebuffer
+
+      Simple framebuffer device from the ML300 reference design (also on the
+      ML403 reference design as well as others).
+
+      Optional properties:
+       - resolution = <xres yres> : pixel resolution of framebuffer.  Some
+                                    implementations use a different resolution.
+                                    Default is <d#640 d#480>
+       - virt-resolution = <xvirt yvirt> : Size of framebuffer in memory.
+                                           Default is <d#1024 d#480>.
+       - rotate-display (empty) : rotate display 180 degrees.
+
+      ii) Xilinx SystemACE
+
+      The Xilinx SystemACE device is used to program FPGAs from an FPGA
+      bitstream stored on a CF card.  It can also be used as a generic CF
+      interface device.
+
+      Optional properties:
+       - 8-bit (empty) : Set this property for SystemACE in 8 bit mode
+
+      iii) Xilinx EMAC and Xilinx TEMAC
+
+      Xilinx Ethernet devices.  In addition to general xilinx properties
+      listed above, nodes for these devices should include a phy-handle
+      property, and may include other common network device properties
+      like local-mac-address.
+
+      iv) Xilinx Uartlite
+
+      Xilinx uartlite devices are simple fixed speed serial ports.
+
+      Required properties:
+       - current-speed : Baud rate of uartlite
+
+      v) Xilinx hwicap
+
+                Xilinx hwicap devices provide access to the configuration logic
+                of the FPGA through the Internal Configuration Access Port
+                (ICAP).  The ICAP enables partial reconfiguration of the FPGA,
+                readback of the configuration information, and some control over
+                'warm boots' of the FPGA fabric.
+
+                Required properties:
+                - xlnx,family : The family of the FPGA, necessary since the
+                      capabilities of the underlying ICAP hardware
+                      differ between different families.  May be
+                      'virtex2p', 'virtex4', or 'virtex5'.
+
+      vi) Xilinx Uart 16550
+
+      Xilinx UART 16550 devices are very similar to the NS16550 but with
+      different register spacing and an offset from the base address.
+
+      Required properties:
+       - clock-frequency : Frequency of the clock input
+       - reg-offset : A value of 3 is required
+       - reg-shift : A value of 2 is required
+
+