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+Documentation/networking/vortex.txt
+Andrew Morton <andrewm@uow.edu.au>
+30 April 2000
+
+
+This document describes the usage and errata of the 3Com "Vortex" device
+driver for Linux, 3c59x.c.
+
+The driver was written by Donald Becker <becker@scyld.com>
+
+Don is no longer the prime maintainer of this version of the driver. 
+Please report problems to one or more of:
+
+  Andrew Morton <andrewm@uow.edu.au>
+  Netdev mailing list <netdev@oss.sgi.com>
+  Linux kernel mailing list <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
+
+Please note the 'Reporting and Diagnosing Problems' section at the end
+of this file.
+
+
+Since kernel 2.3.99-pre6, this driver incorporates the support for the
+3c575-series Cardbus cards which used to be handled by 3c575_cb.c.
+
+This driver supports the following hardware:
+
+   3c590 Vortex 10Mbps
+   3c592 EISA 10mbps Demon/Vortex
+   3c597 EISA Fast Demon/Vortex
+   3c595 Vortex 100baseTx
+   3c595 Vortex 100baseT4
+   3c595 Vortex 100base-MII
+   3Com Vortex
+   3c900 Boomerang 10baseT
+   3c900 Boomerang 10Mbps Combo
+   3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPO
+   3c900B Cyclone 10Mbps T
+   3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps Combo
+   3c900 Cyclone 10Mbps TPC
+   3c900B-FL Cyclone 10base-FL
+   3c905 Boomerang 100baseTx
+   3c905 Boomerang 100baseT4
+   3c905B Cyclone 100baseTx
+   3c905B Cyclone 10/100/BNC
+   3c905B-FX Cyclone 100baseFx
+   3c905C Tornado
+   3c980 Cyclone
+   3cSOHO100-TX Hurricane
+   3c555 Laptop Hurricane
+   3c575 Boomerang CardBus
+   3CCFE575 Cyclone CardBus
+   3CCFE575CT Cyclone CardBus
+   3CCFE656 Cyclone CardBus
+   3CCFEM656 Cyclone CardBus
+   3c450 Cyclone/unknown
+
+
+Module parameters
+=================
+
+There are several parameters which may be provided to the driver when
+its module is loaded.  These are usually placed in /etc/modprobe.conf
+(/etc/modules.conf in 2.4).  Example:
+
+options 3c59x debug=3 rx_copybreak=300
+
+If you are using the PCMCIA tools (cardmgr) then the options may be
+placed in /etc/pcmcia/config.opts:
+
+module "3c59x" opts "debug=3 rx_copybreak=300"
+
+
+The supported parameters are:
+
+debug=N
+
+  Where N is a number from 0 to 7.  Anything above 3 produces a lot
+  of output in your system logs.  debug=1 is default.
+
+options=N1,N2,N3,...
+
+  Each number in the list provides an option to the corresponding
+  network card.  So if you have two 3c905's and you wish to provide
+  them with option 0x204 you would use:
+
+    options=0x204,0x204
+
+  The individual options are composed of a number of bitfields which
+  have the following meanings:
+
+  Possible media type settings
+        0       10baseT
+        1       10Mbs AUI
+        2       undefined
+        3       10base2 (BNC)
+        4       100base-TX
+        5       100base-FX
+        6       MII (Media Independent Interface)
+        7       Use default setting from EEPROM
+        8       Autonegotiate
+        9       External MII
+        10      Use default setting from EEPROM
+
+  When generating a value for the 'options' setting, the above media
+  selection values may be OR'ed (or added to) the following:
+
+  0x8000  Set driver debugging level to 7
+  0x4000  Set driver debugging level to 2
+  0x0400  Enable Wake-on-LAN
+  0x0200  Force full duplex mode.
+  0x0010  Bus-master enable bit (Old Vortex cards only)
+
+  For example:
+
+    insmod 3c59x options=0x204
+
+  will force full-duplex 100base-TX, rather than allowing the usual
+  autonegotiation.
+
+global_options=N
+
+  Sets the `options' parameter for all 3c59x NICs in the machine. 
+  Entries in the `options' array above will override any setting of
+  this.
+
+full_duplex=N1,N2,N3...
+
+  Similar to bit 9 of 'options'.  Forces the corresponding card into
+  full-duplex mode.  Please use this in preference to the `options'
+  parameter.
+
+  In fact, please don't use this at all! You're better off getting
+  autonegotiation working properly.
+
+global_full_duplex=N1
+
+  Sets full duplex mode for all 3c59x NICs in the machine.  Entries
+  in the `full_duplex' array above will override any setting of this.
+
+flow_ctrl=N1,N2,N3...
+
+  Use 802.3x MAC-layer flow control.  The 3com cards only support the
+  PAUSE command, which means that they will stop sending packets for a
+  short period if they receive a PAUSE frame from the link partner. 
+
+  The driver only allows flow control on a link which is operating in
+  full duplex mode.
+
+  This feature does not appear to work on the 3c905 - only 3c905B and
+  3c905C have been tested.
+
+  The 3com cards appear to only respond to PAUSE frames which are
+  sent to the reserved destination address of 01:80:c2:00:00:01.  They
+  do not honour PAUSE frames which are sent to the station MAC address.
+
+rx_copybreak=M
+
+  The driver preallocates 32 full-sized (1536 byte) network buffers
+  for receiving.  When a packet arrives, the driver has to decide
+  whether to leave the packet in its full-sized buffer, or to allocate
+  a smaller buffer and copy the packet across into it.
+
+  This is a speed/space tradeoff.
+
+  The value of rx_copybreak is used to decide when to make the copy. 
+  If the packet size is less than rx_copybreak, the packet is copied. 
+  The default value for rx_copybreak is 200 bytes.
+
+max_interrupt_work=N
+
+  The driver's interrupt service routine can handle many receive and
+  transmit packets in a single invocation.  It does this in a loop. 
+  The value of max_interrupt_work governs how mnay times the interrupt
+  service routine will loop.  The default value is 32 loops.  If this
+  is exceeded the interrupt service routine gives up and generates a
+  warning message "eth0: Too much work in interrupt".
+
+hw_checksums=N1,N2,N3,...
+
+  Recent 3com NICs are able to generate IPv4, TCP and UDP checksums
+  in hardware.  Linux has used the Rx checksumming for a long time. 
+  The "zero copy" patch which is planned for the 2.4 kernel series
+  allows you to make use of the NIC's DMA scatter/gather and transmit
+  checksumming as well.
+
+  The driver is set up so that, when the zerocopy patch is applied,
+  all Tornado and Cyclone devices will use S/G and Tx checksums.
+
+  This module parameter has been provided so you can override this
+  decision.  If you think that Tx checksums are causing a problem, you
+  may disable the feature with `hw_checksums=0'.
+
+  If you think your NIC should be performing Tx checksumming and the
+  driver isn't enabling it, you can force the use of hardware Tx
+  checksumming with `hw_checksums=1'.
+
+  The driver drops a message in the logfiles to indicate whether or
+  not it is using hardware scatter/gather and hardware Tx checksums.
+
+  Scatter/gather and hardware checksums provide considerable
+  performance improvement for the sendfile() system call, but a small
+  decrease in throughput for send().  There is no effect upon receive
+  efficiency.
+
+compaq_ioaddr=N
+compaq_irq=N
+compaq_device_id=N
+
+  "Variables to work-around the Compaq PCI BIOS32 problem"....
+
+watchdog=N
+
+  Sets the time duration (in milliseconds) after which the kernel
+  decides that the transmitter has become stuck and needs to be reset. 
+  This is mainly for debugging purposes, although it may be advantageous
+  to increase this value on LANs which have very high collision rates.
+  The default value is 5000 (5.0 seconds).
+
+enable_wol=N1,N2,N3,...
+
+  Enable Wake-on-LAN support for the relevant interface.  Donald
+  Becker's `ether-wake' application may be used to wake suspended
+  machines.
+
+  Also enables the NIC's power management support.
+
+global_enable_wol=N
+
+  Sets enable_wol mode for all 3c59x NICs in the machine.  Entries in
+  the `enable_wol' array above will override any setting of this.
+
+Media selection
+---------------
+
+A number of the older NICs such as the 3c590 and 3c900 series have
+10base2 and AUI interfaces.
+
+Prior to January, 2001 this driver would autoeselect the 10base2 or AUI
+port if it didn't detect activity on the 10baseT port.  It would then
+get stuck on the 10base2 port and a driver reload was necessary to
+switch back to 10baseT.  This behaviour could not be prevented with a
+module option override.
+
+Later (current) versions of the driver _do_ support locking of the
+media type.  So if you load the driver module with
+
+        modprobe 3c59x options=0
+
+it will permanently select the 10baseT port.  Automatic selection of
+other media types does not occur.
+
+
+Transmit error, Tx status register 82
+-------------------------------------
+
+This is a common error which is almost always caused by another host on
+the same network being in full-duplex mode, while this host is in
+half-duplex mode.  You need to find that other host and make it run in
+half-duplex mode or fix this host to run in full-duplex mode.
+
+As a last resort, you can force the 3c59x driver into full-duplex mode
+with
+
+        options 3c59x full_duplex=1
+
+but this has to be viewed as a workaround for broken network gear and
+should only really be used for equipment which cannot autonegotiate.
+
+
+Additional resources
+--------------------
+
+Details of the device driver implementation are at the top of the source file.
+
+Additional documentation is available at Don Becker's Linux Drivers site:
+
+  http://www.scyld.com/network/vortex.html
+
+Donald Becker's driver development site:
+
+     http://www.scyld.com/network
+
+Donald's vortex-diag program is useful for inspecting the NIC's state:
+
+     http://www.scyld.com/diag/#pci-diags
+
+Donald's mii-diag program may be used for inspecting and manipulating
+the NIC's Media Independent Interface subsystem:
+
+     http://www.scyld.com/diag/#mii-diag
+
+Donald's wake-on-LAN page:
+
+     http://www.scyld.com/expert/wake-on-lan.html
+
+3Com's documentation for many NICs, including the ones supported by
+this driver is available at 
+
+     http://support.3com.com/partners/developer/developer_form.html
+
+3Com's DOS-based application for setting up the NICs EEPROMs:
+
+        ftp://ftp.3com.com/pub/nic/3c90x/3c90xx2.exe
+
+Driver updates and a detailed changelog for the modifications which
+were made for the 2.3/2,4 series kernel is available at
+
+     http://www.uow.edu.au/~andrewm/linux/#3c59x-2.3
+
+
+Autonegotiation notes
+---------------------
+
+  The driver uses a one-minute heartbeat for adapting to changes in
+  the external LAN environment.  This means that when, for example, a
+  machine is unplugged from a hubbed 10baseT LAN plugged into a
+  switched 100baseT LAN, the throughput will be quite dreadful for up
+  to sixty seconds.  Be patient.
+
+  Cisco interoperability note from Walter Wong <wcw+@CMU.EDU>:
+
+  On a side note, adding HAS_NWAY seems to share a problem with the
+  Cisco 6509 switch.  Specifically, you need to change the spanning
+  tree parameter for the port the machine is plugged into to 'portfast'
+  mode.  Otherwise, the negotiation fails.  This has been an issue
+  we've noticed for a while but haven't had the time to track down.
+
+  Cisco switches    (Jeff Busch <jbusch@deja.com>)
+
+    My "standard config" for ports to which PC's/servers connect directly:
+
+        interface FastEthernet0/N
+        description machinename
+        load-interval 30
+        spanning-tree portfast
+
+    If autonegotiation is a problem, you may need to specify "speed
+    100" and "duplex full" as well (or "speed 10" and "duplex half").
+
+    WARNING: DO NOT hook up hubs/switches/bridges to these
+    specially-configured ports! The switch will become very confused.
+
+
+Reporting and diagnosing problems
+---------------------------------
+
+Maintainers find that accurate and complete problem reports are
+invaluable in resolving driver problems.  We are frequently not able to
+reproduce problems and must rely on your patience and efforts to get to
+the bottom of the problem.
+
+If you believe you have a driver problem here are some of the
+steps you should take:
+
+- Is it really a driver problem?
+
+   Eliminate some variables: try different cards, different
+   computers, different cables, different ports on the switch/hub,
+   different versions of the kernel or ofthe driver, etc.
+
+- OK, it's a driver problem.
+
+   You need to generate a report.  Typically this is an email to the
+   maintainer and/or linux-net@vger.kernel.org.  The maintainer's
+   email address will be inthe driver source or in the MAINTAINERS file.
+
+- The contents of your report will vary a lot depending upon the
+  problem.  If it's a kernel crash then you should refer to the
+  REPORTING-BUGS file.
+
+  But for most problems it is useful to provide the following:
+
+   o Kernel version, driver version
+
+   o A copy of the banner message which the driver generates when
+     it is initialised.  For example:
+
+     eth0: 3Com PCI 3c905C Tornado at 0xa400,  00:50:da:6a:88:f0, IRQ 19
+     8K byte-wide RAM 5:3 Rx:Tx split, autoselect/Autonegotiate interface.
+     MII transceiver found at address 24, status 782d.
+     Enabling bus-master transmits and whole-frame receives.
+
+     NOTE: You must provide the `debug=2' modprobe option to generate
+     a full detection message.  Please do this:
+
+        modprobe 3c59x debug=2
+
+   o If it is a PCI device, the relevant output from 'lspci -vx', eg:
+
+     00:09.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c905C-TX [Fast Etherlink] (rev 74)
+             Subsystem: 3Com Corporation: Unknown device 9200
+             Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 19
+             I/O ports at a400 [size=128]
+             Memory at db000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128]
+             Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] [size=128K]
+             Capabilities: [dc] Power Management version 2
+     00: b7 10 00 92 07 00 10 02 74 00 00 02 08 20 00 00
+     10: 01 a4 00 00 00 00 00 db 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
+     20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 b7 10 00 10
+     30: 00 00 00 00 dc 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 01 0a 0a
+
+   o A description of the environment: 10baseT? 100baseT?
+     full/half duplex? switched or hubbed?
+
+   o Any additional module parameters which you may be providing to the driver.
+
+   o Any kernel logs which are produced.  The more the merrier. 
+     If this is a large file and you are sending your report to a
+     mailing list, mention that you have the logfile, but don't send
+     it.  If you're reporting direct to the maintainer then just send
+     it.
+
+     To ensure that all kernel logs are available, add the
+     following line to /etc/syslog.conf:
+
+         kern.* /var/log/messages
+
+     Then restart syslogd with:
+
+         /etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog restart
+
+     (The above may vary, depending upon which Linux distribution you use).
+
+    o If your problem is reproducible then that's great.  Try the
+      following:
+
+      1) Increase the debug level.  Usually this is done via:
+
+         a) modprobe driver debug=7
+         b) In /etc/modprobe.conf (or /etc/modules.conf for 2.4):
+            options driver debug=7
+
+      2) Recreate the problem with the higher debug level,
+         send all logs to the maintainer.
+
+      3) Download you card's diagnostic tool from Donald
+         Backer's website http://www.scyld.com/diag.  Download
+         mii-diag.c as well.  Build these.
+
+         a) Run 'vortex-diag -aaee' and 'mii-diag -v' when the card is
+            working correctly.  Save the output.
+
+         b) Run the above commands when the card is malfunctioning.  Send
+            both sets of output.
+
+Finally, please be patient and be prepared to do some work.  You may end up working on
+this problem for a week or more as the maintainer asks more questions, asks for more
+tests, asks for patches to be applied, etc.  At the end of it all, the problem may even
+remain unresolved.
+