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1 | |||
2 | SliceCOM adapter user's documentation - for the 0.51 driver version | ||
3 | |||
4 | Written by Bartók István <bartoki@itc.hu> | ||
5 | |||
6 | English translation: Lakatos György <gyuri@itc.hu> | ||
7 | Mon Dec 11 15:28:42 CET 2000 | ||
8 | |||
9 | Last modified: Wed Aug 29 17:25:37 CEST 2001 | ||
10 | |||
11 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
12 | |||
13 | Usage: | ||
14 | |||
15 | Compiling the kernel: | ||
16 | |||
17 | Code maturity level options | ||
18 | [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers | ||
19 | |||
20 | Network device support | ||
21 | Wan interfaces | ||
22 | <M> MultiGate (COMX) synchronous | ||
23 | <M> Support for MUNICH based boards: SliceCOM, PCICOM (NEW) | ||
24 | <M> Support for HDLC and syncPPP... | ||
25 | |||
26 | |||
27 | Loading the modules: | ||
28 | |||
29 | modprobe comx | ||
30 | |||
31 | modprobe comx-proto-ppp # module for Cisco-HDLC and SyncPPP protocols | ||
32 | |||
33 | modprobe comx-hw-munich # the module logs information by the kernel | ||
34 | # about the detected boards | ||
35 | |||
36 | |||
37 | Configuring the board: | ||
38 | |||
39 | # This interface will use the Cisco-HDLC line protocol, | ||
40 | # the timeslices assigned are 1,2 (128 KiBit line speed) | ||
41 | # (the first data timeslice in the G.703 frame is no. 1) | ||
42 | # | ||
43 | mkdir /proc/comx/comx0.1/ | ||
44 | echo slicecom >/proc/comx/comx0.1/boardtype | ||
45 | echo hdlc >/proc/comx/comx0.1/protocol | ||
46 | echo 1 2 >/proc/comx/comx0.1/timeslots | ||
47 | |||
48 | |||
49 | # This interface uses SyncPPP line protocol, the assigned | ||
50 | # is no. 3 (64 KiBit line speed) | ||
51 | # | ||
52 | mkdir /proc/comx/comx0.2/ | ||
53 | echo slicecom >/proc/comx/comx0.2/boardtype | ||
54 | echo ppp >/proc/comx/comx0.2/protocol | ||
55 | echo 3 >/proc/comx/comx0.2/timeslots | ||
56 | |||
57 | ... | ||
58 | |||
59 | ifconfig comx0.1 up | ||
60 | ifconfig comx0.2 up | ||
61 | |||
62 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
63 | |||
64 | The COMX interfaces use a 10 packet transmit queue by default, however WAN | ||
65 | networks sometimes use bigger values (20 to 100), to utilize the line better | ||
66 | by large traffic (though the line delay increases because of more packets | ||
67 | join the queue). | ||
68 | |||
69 | # ifconfig comx0 txqueuelen 50 | ||
70 | |||
71 | This option is only supported by the ifconfig command of the later | ||
72 | distributions, which came with 2.2 kernels, such as RedHat 6.1 or Debian 2.2. | ||
73 | |||
74 | You can download a newer netbase packet from | ||
75 | http://www.debian.org/~rcw/2.2/netbase/ for Debian 2.1, which has a new | ||
76 | ifconfig. You can get further information about using 2.2 kernel with | ||
77 | Debian 2.1 from http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/running-kernel-2.2 | ||
78 | |||
79 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
80 | |||
81 | The SliceCom LEDs: | ||
82 | |||
83 | red - on, if the interface is unconfigured, or it gets Remote Alarm-s | ||
84 | green - on, if the board finds frame-sync in the received signal | ||
85 | |||
86 | A bit more detailed: | ||
87 | |||
88 | red: green: meaning: | ||
89 | |||
90 | - - no frame-sync, no signal received, or signal SNAFU. | ||
91 | - on "Everything is OK" | ||
92 | on on Reception is ok, but the remote end sends Remote Alarm | ||
93 | on - The interface is unconfigured | ||
94 | |||
95 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
96 | |||
97 | A more detailed description of the hardware setting options: | ||
98 | |||
99 | The general and the protocol layer options described in the 'comx.txt' file | ||
100 | apply to the SliceCom as well, I only summarize the SliceCom hardware specific | ||
101 | settings below. | ||
102 | |||
103 | The '/proc/comx' configuring interface: | ||
104 | |||
105 | An interface directory should be created for every timeslot group with | ||
106 | 'mkdir', e,g: 'comx0', 'comx1' etc. The timeslots can be assigned here to the | ||
107 | specific interface. The Cisco-like naming convention (serial3:1 - first | ||
108 | timeslot group of the 3rd. board) can't be used here, because these mean IP | ||
109 | aliasing in Linux. | ||
110 | |||
111 | You can give any meaningful name to keep the configuration clear; | ||
112 | e.g: 'comx0.1', 'comx0.2', 'comx1.1', comx1.2', if you have two boards | ||
113 | with two interfaces each. | ||
114 | |||
115 | Settings, which apply to the board: | ||
116 | |||
117 | Neither 'io' nor 'irq' settings required, the driver uses the resources | ||
118 | given by the PCI BIOS. | ||
119 | |||
120 | comx0/boardnum - board number of the SliceCom in the PC (using the 'natural' | ||
121 | PCI order) as listed in '/proc/pci' or the output of the | ||
122 | 'lspci' command, generally the slots nearer to the motherboard | ||
123 | PCI driver chips have the lower numbers. | ||
124 | |||
125 | Default: 0 (the counting starts with 0) | ||
126 | |||
127 | Though the options below are to be set on a single interface, they apply to the | ||
128 | whole board. The restriction, to use them on 'UP' interfaces, is because the | ||
129 | command sequence below could lead to unpredictable results. | ||
130 | |||
131 | # echo 0 >boardnum | ||
132 | # echo internal >clock_source | ||
133 | # echo 1 >boardnum | ||
134 | |||
135 | The sequence would set the clock source of board 0. | ||
136 | |||
137 | These settings will persist after all the interfaces are cleared, but are | ||
138 | cleared when the driver module is unloaded and loaded again. | ||
139 | |||
140 | comx0/clock_source - source of the transmit clock | ||
141 | Usage: | ||
142 | |||
143 | # echo line >/proc/comx/comx0/clock_source | ||
144 | # echo internal >/proc/comx/comx0/clock_source | ||
145 | |||
146 | line - The Tx clock is being decoded if the input data stream, | ||
147 | if no clock seen on the input, then the board will use it's | ||
148 | own clock generator. | ||
149 | |||
150 | internal - The Tx clock is supplied by the builtin clock generator. | ||
151 | |||
152 | Default: line | ||
153 | |||
154 | Normally, the telecommunication company's end device (the HDSL | ||
155 | modem) provides the Tx clock, that's why 'line' is the default. | ||
156 | |||
157 | comx0/framing - Switching CRC4 off/on | ||
158 | |||
159 | CRC4: 16 PCM frames (The 32 64Kibit channels are multiplexed into a | ||
160 | PCM frame, nothing to do with HDLC frames) are divided into 2x8 | ||
161 | groups, each group has a 4 bit CRC. | ||
162 | |||
163 | # echo crc4 >/proc/comx/comx0/framing | ||
164 | # echo no-crc4 >/proc/comx/comx0/framing | ||
165 | |||
166 | Default is 'crc4', the Hungarian MATAV lines behave like this. | ||
167 | The traffic generally passes if this setting on both ends don't match. | ||
168 | |||
169 | comx0/linecode - Setting the line coding | ||
170 | |||
171 | # echo hdb3 >/proc/comx/comx0/linecode | ||
172 | # echo ami >/proc/comx/comx0/linecode | ||
173 | |||
174 | Default a 'hdb3', MATAV lines use this. | ||
175 | |||
176 | (AMI coding is rarely used with E1 lines). Frame sync may occur, if | ||
177 | this setting doesn't match the other end's, but CRC4 and data errors | ||
178 | will come, which will result in CRC errors on HDLC/SyncPPP level. | ||
179 | |||
180 | comx0/reg - direct access to the board's MUNICH (reg) and FALC (lbireg) | ||
181 | comx0/lbireg circuit's registers | ||
182 | |||
183 | # echo >reg 0x04 0x0 - write 0 to register 4 | ||
184 | # echo >reg 0x104 - write the contents of register 4 with | ||
185 | printk() to syslog | ||
186 | |||
187 | WARNING! These are only for development purposes, messing with this will | ||
188 | result much trouble! | ||
189 | |||
190 | comx0/loopback - Places a loop to the board's G.703 signals | ||
191 | |||
192 | # echo none >/proc/comx/comx0/loopback | ||
193 | # echo local >/proc/comx/comx0/loopback | ||
194 | # echo remote >/proc/comx/comx0/loopback | ||
195 | |||
196 | none - normal operation, no loop | ||
197 | local - the board receives it's own output | ||
198 | remote - the board sends the received data to the remote side | ||
199 | |||
200 | Default: none | ||
201 | |||
202 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
203 | |||
204 | Interface (channel group in Cisco terms) settings: | ||
205 | |||
206 | comx0/timeslots - which timeslots belong to the given interface | ||
207 | |||
208 | Setting: | ||
209 | |||
210 | # echo '1 5 2 6 7 8' >/proc/comx/comx0/timeslots | ||
211 | |||
212 | # cat /proc/comx/comx0/timeslots | ||
213 | 1 2 5 6 7 8 | ||
214 | # | ||
215 | |||
216 | Finding a timeslot: | ||
217 | |||
218 | # grep ' 4' /proc/comx/comx*/timeslots | ||
219 | /proc/comx/comx0/timeslots:1 3 4 5 6 | ||
220 | # | ||
221 | |||
222 | The timeslots can be in any order, '1 2 3' is the same as '1 3 2'. | ||
223 | |||
224 | The interface has to be DOWN during the setting ('ifconfig comx0 | ||
225 | down'), but the other interfaces could operate normally. | ||
226 | |||
227 | The driver checks if the assigned timeslots are vacant, if not, then | ||
228 | the setting won't be applied. | ||
229 | |||
230 | The timeslot values are treated as decimal numbers, not to misunderstand | ||
231 | values of 08, 09 form. | ||
232 | |||
233 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
234 | |||
235 | Checking the interface and board status: | ||
236 | |||
237 | - Lines beginning with ' ' (space) belong to the original output, the lines | ||
238 | which begin with '//' are the comments. | ||
239 | |||
240 | papaya:~$ cat /proc/comx/comx1/status | ||
241 | Interface administrative status is UP, modem status is UP, protocol is UP | ||
242 | Modem status changes: 0, Transmitter status is IDLE, tbusy: 0 | ||
243 | Interface load (input): 978376 / 947808 / 951024 bits/s (5s/5m/15m) | ||
244 | (output): 978376 / 947848 / 951024 bits/s (5s/5m/15m) | ||
245 | Debug flags: none | ||
246 | RX errors: len: 22, overrun: 1, crc: 0, aborts: 0 | ||
247 | buffer overrun: 0, pbuffer overrun: 0 | ||
248 | TX errors: underrun: 0 | ||
249 | Line keepalive (value: 10) status UP [0] | ||
250 | |||
251 | // The hardware specific part starts here: | ||
252 | Controller status: | ||
253 | No alarms | ||
254 | |||
255 | // Alarm: | ||
256 | // | ||
257 | // No alarms - Everything OK | ||
258 | // | ||
259 | // LOS - Loss Of Signal - No signal sensed on the input | ||
260 | // AIS - Alarm Indication Signal - The remote side sends '11111111'-s, | ||
261 | // it tells, that there's an error condition, or it's not | ||
262 | // initialised. | ||
263 | // AUXP - Auxiliary Pattern Indication - 01010101.. received. | ||
264 | // LFA - Loss of Frame Alignment - no frame sync received. | ||
265 | // RRA - Receive Remote Alarm - the remote end's OK, but signals error cond. | ||
266 | // LMFA - Loss of CRC4 Multiframe Alignment - no CRC4 multiframe sync. | ||
267 | // NMF - No Multiframe alignment Found after 400 msec - no such alarm using | ||
268 | // no-crc4 or crc4 framing, see below. | ||
269 | // | ||
270 | // Other possible error messages: | ||
271 | // | ||
272 | // Transmit Line Short - the board felt, that it's output is short-circuited, | ||
273 | // so it switched the transmission off. (The board can't definitely tell, | ||
274 | // that it's output is short-circuited.) | ||
275 | |||
276 | // Chained list of the received packets, for debug purposes: | ||
277 | |||
278 | Rx ring: | ||
279 | rafutott: 0 | ||
280 | lastcheck: 50845731, jiffies: 51314281 | ||
281 | base: 017b1858 | ||
282 | rx_desc_ptr: 0 | ||
283 | rx_desc_ptr: 017b1858 | ||
284 | hw_curr_ptr: 017b1858 | ||
285 | 06040000 017b1868 017b1898 c016ff00 | ||
286 | 06040000 017b1878 017b1e9c c016ff00 | ||
287 | 46040000 017b1888 017b24a0 c016ff00 | ||
288 | 06040000 017b1858 017b2aa4 c016ff00 | ||
289 | |||
290 | // All the interfaces using the board: comx1, using the 1,2,...16 timeslots, | ||
291 | // comx2, using timeslot 17, etc. | ||
292 | |||
293 | Interfaces using this board: (channel-group, interface, timeslots) | ||
294 | 0 comx1: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | ||
295 | 1 comx2: 17 | ||
296 | 2 comx3: 18 | ||
297 | 3 comx4: 19 | ||
298 | 4 comx5: 20 | ||
299 | 5 comx6: 21 | ||
300 | 6 comx7: 22 | ||
301 | 7 comx8: 23 | ||
302 | 8 comx9: 24 | ||
303 | 9 comx10: 25 | ||
304 | 10 comx11: 26 | ||
305 | 11 comx12: 27 | ||
306 | 12 comx13: 28 | ||
307 | 13 comx14: 29 | ||
308 | 14 comx15: 30 | ||
309 | 15 comx16: 31 | ||
310 | |||
311 | // The number of events handled by the driver during an interrupt cycle: | ||
312 | |||
313 | Interrupt work histogram: | ||
314 | hist[ 0]: 0 hist[ 1]: 2 hist[ 2]: 18574 hist[ 3]: 79 | ||
315 | hist[ 4]: 14 hist[ 5]: 1 hist[ 6]: 0 hist[ 7]: 1 | ||
316 | hist[ 8]: 0 hist[ 9]: 7 | ||
317 | |||
318 | // The number of packets to send in the Tx ring, when a new one arrived: | ||
319 | |||
320 | Tx ring histogram: | ||
321 | hist[ 0]: 2329 hist[ 1]: 0 hist[ 2]: 0 hist[ 3]: 0 | ||
322 | |||
323 | // The error counters of the E1 interface, according to the RFC2495, | ||
324 | // (similar to the Cisco "show controllers e1" command's output: | ||
325 | // http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios11/rbook/rinterfc.htm#xtocid25669126) | ||
326 | |||
327 | Data in current interval (91 seconds elapsed): | ||
328 | 9516 Line Code Violations, 65 Path Code Violations, 2 E-Bit Errors | ||
329 | 0 Slip Secs, 2 Fr Loss Secs, 2 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins | ||
330 | 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 11 Unavail Secs | ||
331 | Data in Interval 1 (15 minutes): | ||
332 | 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations, 0 E-Bit Errors | ||
333 | 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins | ||
334 | 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs | ||
335 | Data in last 4 intervals (1 hour): | ||
336 | 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations, 0 E-Bit Errors | ||
337 | 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins | ||
338 | 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs | ||
339 | Data in last 96 intervals (24 hours): | ||
340 | 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations, 0 E-Bit Errors | ||
341 | 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins | ||
342 | 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs | ||
343 | |||
344 | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
345 | |||
346 | Some unique options, (may get into the driver later): | ||
347 | Treat them very carefully, these can cause much trouble! | ||
348 | |||
349 | modified CRC-4, for improved interworking of CRC-4 and non-CRC-4 | ||
350 | devices: (see page 107 and g706 Annex B) | ||
351 | lbireg[ 0x1b ] |= 0x08 | ||
352 | lbireg[ 0x1c ] |= 0xc0 | ||
353 | |||
354 | - The NMF - 'No Multiframe alignment Found after 400 msec' alarm | ||
355 | comes into account. | ||
356 | |||
357 | FALC - the line driver chip. | ||
358 | local loop - I hear my transmission back. | ||
359 | remote loop - I echo the remote transmission back. | ||
360 | |||
361 | Something useful for finding errors: | ||
362 | |||
363 | - local loop for timeslot 1 in the FALC chip: | ||
364 | |||
365 | # echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x21 | ||
366 | |||
367 | - Switching the loop off: | ||
368 | |||
369 | # echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x00 | ||