diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/filesystems')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt | 26 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt | 24 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-uevents.txt | 100 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt | 37 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt | 2 |
7 files changed, 153 insertions, 41 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt index bf8080640eba..6208f55c44c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt | |||
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ available from the same CVS repository. | |||
123 | There are user and developer mailing lists available through the v9fs project | 123 | There are user and developer mailing lists available through the v9fs project |
124 | on sourceforge (http://sourceforge.net/projects/v9fs). | 124 | on sourceforge (http://sourceforge.net/projects/v9fs). |
125 | 125 | ||
126 | A stand-alone version of the module (which should build for any 2.6 kernel) | ||
127 | is available via (http://github.com/ericvh/9p-sac/tree/master) | ||
128 | |||
126 | News and other information is maintained on SWiK (http://swik.net/v9fs). | 129 | News and other information is maintained on SWiK (http://swik.net/v9fs). |
127 | 130 | ||
128 | Bug reports may be issued through the kernel.org bugzilla | 131 | Bug reports may be issued through the kernel.org bugzilla |
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt index 12ad6c7f4e50..ffef91c4e0d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/afs.txt | |||
@@ -23,15 +23,13 @@ it does support include: | |||
23 | 23 | ||
24 | (*) Security (currently only AFS kaserver and KerberosIV tickets). | 24 | (*) Security (currently only AFS kaserver and KerberosIV tickets). |
25 | 25 | ||
26 | (*) File reading. | 26 | (*) File reading and writing. |
27 | 27 | ||
28 | (*) Automounting. | 28 | (*) Automounting. |
29 | 29 | ||
30 | It does not yet support the following AFS features: | 30 | (*) Local caching (via fscache). |
31 | |||
32 | (*) Write support. | ||
33 | 31 | ||
34 | (*) Local caching. | 32 | It does not yet support the following AFS features: |
35 | 33 | ||
36 | (*) pioctl() system call. | 34 | (*) pioctl() system call. |
37 | 35 | ||
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ They permit the debugging messages to be turned on dynamically by manipulating | |||
56 | the masks in the following files: | 54 | the masks in the following files: |
57 | 55 | ||
58 | /sys/module/af_rxrpc/parameters/debug | 56 | /sys/module/af_rxrpc/parameters/debug |
59 | /sys/module/afs/parameters/debug | 57 | /sys/module/kafs/parameters/debug |
60 | 58 | ||
61 | 59 | ||
62 | ===== | 60 | ===== |
@@ -66,9 +64,9 @@ USAGE | |||
66 | When inserting the driver modules the root cell must be specified along with a | 64 | When inserting the driver modules the root cell must be specified along with a |
67 | list of volume location server IP addresses: | 65 | list of volume location server IP addresses: |
68 | 66 | ||
69 | insmod af_rxrpc.o | 67 | modprobe af_rxrpc |
70 | insmod rxkad.o | 68 | modprobe rxkad |
71 | insmod kafs.o rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.73:172.16.18.91 | 69 | modprobe kafs rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.73:172.16.18.91 |
72 | 70 | ||
73 | The first module is the AF_RXRPC network protocol driver. This provides the | 71 | The first module is the AF_RXRPC network protocol driver. This provides the |
74 | RxRPC remote operation protocol and may also be accessed from userspace. See: | 72 | RxRPC remote operation protocol and may also be accessed from userspace. See: |
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ is the actual filesystem driver for the AFS filesystem. | |||
81 | Once the module has been loaded, more modules can be added by the following | 79 | Once the module has been loaded, more modules can be added by the following |
82 | procedure: | 80 | procedure: |
83 | 81 | ||
84 | echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 >/proc/fs/afs/cells | 82 | echo add grand.central.org 18.9.48.14:128.2.203.61:130.237.48.87 >/proc/fs/afs/cells |
85 | 83 | ||
86 | Where the parameters to the "add" command are the name of a cell and a list of | 84 | Where the parameters to the "add" command are the name of a cell and a list of |
87 | volume location servers within that cell, with the latter separated by colons. | 85 | volume location servers within that cell, with the latter separated by colons. |
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ The name of the volume can be suffixes with ".backup" or ".readonly" to | |||
101 | specify connection to only volumes of those types. | 99 | specify connection to only volumes of those types. |
102 | 100 | ||
103 | The name of the cell is optional, and if not given during a mount, then the | 101 | The name of the cell is optional, and if not given during a mount, then the |
104 | named volume will be looked up in the cell specified during insmod. | 102 | named volume will be looked up in the cell specified during modprobe. |
105 | 103 | ||
106 | Additional cells can be added through /proc (see later section). | 104 | Additional cells can be added through /proc (see later section). |
107 | 105 | ||
@@ -163,14 +161,14 @@ THE CELL DATABASE | |||
163 | 161 | ||
164 | The filesystem maintains an internal database of all the cells it knows and the | 162 | The filesystem maintains an internal database of all the cells it knows and the |
165 | IP addresses of the volume location servers for those cells. The cell to which | 163 | IP addresses of the volume location servers for those cells. The cell to which |
166 | the system belongs is added to the database when insmod is performed by the | 164 | the system belongs is added to the database when modprobe is performed by the |
167 | "rootcell=" argument or, if compiled in, using a "kafs.rootcell=" argument on | 165 | "rootcell=" argument or, if compiled in, using a "kafs.rootcell=" argument on |
168 | the kernel command line. | 166 | the kernel command line. |
169 | 167 | ||
170 | Further cells can be added by commands similar to the following: | 168 | Further cells can be added by commands similar to the following: |
171 | 169 | ||
172 | echo add CELLNAME VLADDR[:VLADDR][:VLADDR]... >/proc/fs/afs/cells | 170 | echo add CELLNAME VLADDR[:VLADDR][:VLADDR]... >/proc/fs/afs/cells |
173 | echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 >/proc/fs/afs/cells | 171 | echo add grand.central.org 18.9.48.14:128.2.203.61:130.237.48.87 >/proc/fs/afs/cells |
174 | 172 | ||
175 | No other cell database operations are available at this time. | 173 | No other cell database operations are available at this time. |
176 | 174 | ||
@@ -233,7 +231,7 @@ insmod /tmp/kafs.o rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.91 | |||
233 | mount -t afs \%root.afs. /afs | 231 | mount -t afs \%root.afs. /afs |
234 | mount -t afs \%cambridge.redhat.com:root.cell. /afs/cambridge.redhat.com/ | 232 | mount -t afs \%cambridge.redhat.com:root.cell. /afs/cambridge.redhat.com/ |
235 | 233 | ||
236 | echo add grand.central.org 18.7.14.88:128.2.191.224 > /proc/fs/afs/cells | 234 | echo add grand.central.org 18.9.48.14:128.2.203.61:130.237.48.87 > /proc/fs/afs/cells |
237 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.cell." /afs/grand.central.org/ | 235 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.cell." /afs/grand.central.org/ |
238 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.archive." /afs/grand.central.org/archive | 236 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.archive." /afs/grand.central.org/archive |
239 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.contrib." /afs/grand.central.org/contrib | 237 | mount -t afs "#grand.central.org:root.contrib." /afs/grand.central.org/contrib |
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt index 7be02ac5fa36..18b5ec8cea45 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt | |||
@@ -134,15 +134,9 @@ ro Mount filesystem read only. Note that ext4 will | |||
134 | mount options "ro,noload" can be used to prevent | 134 | mount options "ro,noload" can be used to prevent |
135 | writes to the filesystem. | 135 | writes to the filesystem. |
136 | 136 | ||
137 | journal_checksum Enable checksumming of the journal transactions. | ||
138 | This will allow the recovery code in e2fsck and the | ||
139 | kernel to detect corruption in the kernel. It is a | ||
140 | compatible change and will be ignored by older kernels. | ||
141 | |||
142 | journal_async_commit Commit block can be written to disk without waiting | 137 | journal_async_commit Commit block can be written to disk without waiting |
143 | for descriptor blocks. If enabled older kernels cannot | 138 | for descriptor blocks. If enabled older kernels cannot |
144 | mount the device. This will enable 'journal_checksum' | 139 | mount the device. |
145 | internally. | ||
146 | 140 | ||
147 | journal=update Update the ext4 file system's journal to the current | 141 | journal=update Update the ext4 file system's journal to the current |
148 | format. | 142 | format. |
@@ -263,10 +257,18 @@ resuid=n The user ID which may use the reserved blocks. | |||
263 | 257 | ||
264 | sb=n Use alternate superblock at this location. | 258 | sb=n Use alternate superblock at this location. |
265 | 259 | ||
266 | quota | 260 | quota These options are ignored by the filesystem. They |
267 | noquota | 261 | noquota are used only by quota tools to recognize volumes |
268 | grpquota | 262 | grpquota where quota should be turned on. See documentation |
269 | usrquota | 263 | usrquota in the quota-tools package for more details |
264 | (http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota). | ||
265 | |||
266 | jqfmt=<quota type> These options tell filesystem details about quota | ||
267 | usrjquota=<file> so that quota information can be properly updated | ||
268 | grpjquota=<file> during journal replay. They replace the above | ||
269 | quota options. See documentation in the quota-tools | ||
270 | package for more details | ||
271 | (http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota). | ||
270 | 272 | ||
271 | bh (*) ext4 associates buffer heads to data pages to | 273 | bh (*) ext4 associates buffer heads to data pages to |
272 | nobh (a) cache disk block mapping information | 274 | nobh (a) cache disk block mapping information |
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-uevents.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-uevents.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fd966dc9979a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-uevents.txt | |||
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ | |||
1 | uevents and GFS2 | ||
2 | ================== | ||
3 | |||
4 | During the lifetime of a GFS2 mount, a number of uevents are generated. | ||
5 | This document explains what the events are and what they are used | ||
6 | for (by gfs_controld in gfs2-utils). | ||
7 | |||
8 | A list of GFS2 uevents | ||
9 | ----------------------- | ||
10 | |||
11 | 1. ADD | ||
12 | |||
13 | The ADD event occurs at mount time. It will always be the first | ||
14 | uevent generated by the newly created filesystem. If the mount | ||
15 | is successful, an ONLINE uevent will follow. If it is not successful | ||
16 | then a REMOVE uevent will follow. | ||
17 | |||
18 | The ADD uevent has two environment variables: SPECTATOR=[0|1] | ||
19 | and RDONLY=[0|1] that specify the spectator status (a read-only mount | ||
20 | with no journal assigned), and read-only (with journal assigned) status | ||
21 | of the filesystem respectively. | ||
22 | |||
23 | 2. ONLINE | ||
24 | |||
25 | The ONLINE uevent is generated after a successful mount or remount. It | ||
26 | has the same environment variables as the ADD uevent. The ONLINE | ||
27 | uevent, along with the two environment variables for spectator and | ||
28 | RDONLY are a relatively recent addition (2.6.32-rc+) and will not | ||
29 | be generated by older kernels. | ||
30 | |||
31 | 3. CHANGE | ||
32 | |||
33 | The CHANGE uevent is used in two places. One is when reporting the | ||
34 | successful mount of the filesystem by the first node (FIRSTMOUNT=Done). | ||
35 | This is used as a signal by gfs_controld that it is then ok for other | ||
36 | nodes in the cluster to mount the filesystem. | ||
37 | |||
38 | The other CHANGE uevent is used to inform of the completion | ||
39 | of journal recovery for one of the filesystems journals. It has | ||
40 | two environment variables, JID= which specifies the journal id which | ||
41 | has just been recovered, and RECOVERY=[Done|Failed] to indicate the | ||
42 | success (or otherwise) of the operation. These uevents are generated | ||
43 | for every journal recovered, whether it is during the initial mount | ||
44 | process or as the result of gfs_controld requesting a specific journal | ||
45 | recovery via the /sys/fs/gfs2/<fsname>/lock_module/recovery file. | ||
46 | |||
47 | Because the CHANGE uevent was used (in early versions of gfs_controld) | ||
48 | without checking the environment variables to discover the state, we | ||
49 | cannot add any more functions to it without running the risk of | ||
50 | someone using an older version of the user tools and breaking their | ||
51 | cluster. For this reason the ONLINE uevent was used when adding a new | ||
52 | uevent for a successful mount or remount. | ||
53 | |||
54 | 4. OFFLINE | ||
55 | |||
56 | The OFFLINE uevent is only generated due to filesystem errors and is used | ||
57 | as part of the "withdraw" mechanism. Currently this doesn't give any | ||
58 | information about what the error is, which is something that needs to | ||
59 | be fixed. | ||
60 | |||
61 | 5. REMOVE | ||
62 | |||
63 | The REMOVE uevent is generated at the end of an unsuccessful mount | ||
64 | or at the end of a umount of the filesystem. All REMOVE uevents will | ||
65 | have been preceeded by at least an ADD uevent for the same fileystem, | ||
66 | and unlike the other uevents is generated automatically by the kernel's | ||
67 | kobject subsystem. | ||
68 | |||
69 | |||
70 | Information common to all GFS2 uevents (uevent environment variables) | ||
71 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
72 | |||
73 | 1. LOCKTABLE= | ||
74 | |||
75 | The LOCKTABLE is a string, as supplied on the mount command | ||
76 | line (locktable=) or via fstab. It is used as a filesystem label | ||
77 | as well as providing the information for a lock_dlm mount to be | ||
78 | able to join the cluster. | ||
79 | |||
80 | 2. LOCKPROTO= | ||
81 | |||
82 | The LOCKPROTO is a string, and its value depends on what is set | ||
83 | on the mount command line, or via fstab. It will be either | ||
84 | lock_nolock or lock_dlm. In the future other lock managers | ||
85 | may be supported. | ||
86 | |||
87 | 3. JOURNALID= | ||
88 | |||
89 | If a journal is in use by the filesystem (journals are not | ||
90 | assigned for spectator mounts) then this will give the | ||
91 | numeric journal id in all GFS2 uevents. | ||
92 | |||
93 | 4. UUID= | ||
94 | |||
95 | With recent versions of gfs2-utils, mkfs.gfs2 writes a UUID | ||
96 | into the filesystem superblock. If it exists, this will | ||
97 | be included in every uevent relating to the filesystem. | ||
98 | |||
99 | |||
100 | |||
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt index 68baddf3c3e0..3ba0b945aaf8 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt | |||
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf> | |||
105 | the client address and this parameter is NOT empty only | 105 | the client address and this parameter is NOT empty only |
106 | replies from the specified server are accepted. | 106 | replies from the specified server are accepted. |
107 | 107 | ||
108 | Only required for for NFS root. That is autoconfiguration | 108 | Only required for NFS root. That is autoconfiguration |
109 | will not be triggered if it is missing and NFS root is not | 109 | will not be triggered if it is missing and NFS root is not |
110 | in operation. | 110 | in operation. |
111 | 111 | ||
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index fad18f9456e4..75988ba26a51 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt | |||
@@ -375,6 +375,19 @@ of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed. | |||
375 | This file is only present if the CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is | 375 | This file is only present if the CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is |
376 | enabled. | 376 | enabled. |
377 | 377 | ||
378 | The /proc/PID/clear_refs is used to reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG | ||
379 | bits on both physical and virtual pages associated with a process. | ||
380 | To clear the bits for all the pages associated with the process | ||
381 | > echo 1 > /proc/PID/clear_refs | ||
382 | |||
383 | To clear the bits for the anonymous pages associated with the process | ||
384 | > echo 2 > /proc/PID/clear_refs | ||
385 | |||
386 | To clear the bits for the file mapped pages associated with the process | ||
387 | > echo 3 > /proc/PID/clear_refs | ||
388 | Any other value written to /proc/PID/clear_refs will have no effect. | ||
389 | |||
390 | |||
378 | 1.2 Kernel data | 391 | 1.2 Kernel data |
379 | --------------- | 392 | --------------- |
380 | 393 | ||
@@ -1032,9 +1045,9 @@ Various pieces of information about kernel activity are available in the | |||
1032 | since the system first booted. For a quick look, simply cat the file: | 1045 | since the system first booted. For a quick look, simply cat the file: |
1033 | 1046 | ||
1034 | > cat /proc/stat | 1047 | > cat /proc/stat |
1035 | cpu 2255 34 2290 22625563 6290 127 456 0 | 1048 | cpu 2255 34 2290 22625563 6290 127 456 0 0 |
1036 | cpu0 1132 34 1441 11311718 3675 127 438 0 | 1049 | cpu0 1132 34 1441 11311718 3675 127 438 0 0 |
1037 | cpu1 1123 0 849 11313845 2614 0 18 0 | 1050 | cpu1 1123 0 849 11313845 2614 0 18 0 0 |
1038 | intr 114930548 113199788 3 0 5 263 0 4 [... lots more numbers ...] | 1051 | intr 114930548 113199788 3 0 5 263 0 4 [... lots more numbers ...] |
1039 | ctxt 1990473 | 1052 | ctxt 1990473 |
1040 | btime 1062191376 | 1053 | btime 1062191376 |
@@ -1056,6 +1069,7 @@ second). The meanings of the columns are as follows, from left to right: | |||
1056 | - irq: servicing interrupts | 1069 | - irq: servicing interrupts |
1057 | - softirq: servicing softirqs | 1070 | - softirq: servicing softirqs |
1058 | - steal: involuntary wait | 1071 | - steal: involuntary wait |
1072 | - guest: running a guest | ||
1059 | 1073 | ||
1060 | The "intr" line gives counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each | 1074 | The "intr" line gives counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each |
1061 | of the possible system interrupts. The first column is the total of all | 1075 | of the possible system interrupts. The first column is the total of all |
@@ -1167,13 +1181,11 @@ CHAPTER 3: PER-PROCESS PARAMETERS | |||
1167 | 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score | 1181 | 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score |
1168 | ------------------------------------------------------ | 1182 | ------------------------------------------------------ |
1169 | 1183 | ||
1170 | This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes should | 1184 | This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes |
1171 | be killed in an out-of-memory situation. The oom_adj value is a characteristic | 1185 | should be killed in an out-of-memory situation. Giving it a high score will |
1172 | of the task's mm, so all threads that share an mm with pid will have the same | 1186 | increase the likelihood of this process being killed by the oom-killer. Valid |
1173 | oom_adj value. A high value will increase the likelihood of this process being | 1187 | values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which disables |
1174 | killed by the oom-killer. Valid values are in the range -16 to +15 as | 1188 | oom-killing altogether for this process. |
1175 | explained below and a special value of -17, which disables oom-killing | ||
1176 | altogether for threads sharing pid's mm. | ||
1177 | 1189 | ||
1178 | The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others | 1190 | The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others |
1179 | based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process | 1191 | based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process |
@@ -1187,16 +1199,13 @@ the parent's score if they do not share the same memory. Thus forking servers | |||
1187 | are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make | 1199 | are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make |
1188 | parent less preferable than the child. | 1200 | parent less preferable than the child. |
1189 | 1201 | ||
1190 | /proc/<pid>/oom_adj cannot be changed for kthreads since they are immune from | ||
1191 | oom-killing already. | ||
1192 | |||
1193 | /proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score. | 1202 | /proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score. |
1194 | 1203 | ||
1195 | The following heuristics are then applied: | 1204 | The following heuristics are then applied: |
1196 | * if the task was reniced, its score doubles | 1205 | * if the task was reniced, its score doubles |
1197 | * superuser or direct hardware access tasks (CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE | 1206 | * superuser or direct hardware access tasks (CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE |
1198 | or CAP_SYS_RAWIO) have their score divided by 4 | 1207 | or CAP_SYS_RAWIO) have their score divided by 4 |
1199 | * if oom condition happened in one cpuset and checked task does not belong | 1208 | * if oom condition happened in one cpuset and checked process does not belong |
1200 | to it, its score is divided by 8 | 1209 | to it, its score is divided by 8 |
1201 | * the resulting score is multiplied by two to the power of oom_adj, i.e. | 1210 | * the resulting score is multiplied by two to the power of oom_adj, i.e. |
1202 | points <<= oom_adj when it is positive and | 1211 | points <<= oom_adj when it is positive and |
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt index b843743aa0b5..0d15ebccf5b0 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt | |||
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ better to do. The file is seekable, in that one can do something like the | |||
46 | following: | 46 | following: |
47 | 47 | ||
48 | dd if=/proc/sequence of=out1 count=1 | 48 | dd if=/proc/sequence of=out1 count=1 |
49 | dd if=/proc/sequence skip=1 out=out2 count=1 | 49 | dd if=/proc/sequence skip=1 of=out2 count=1 |
50 | 50 | ||
51 | Then concatenate the output files out1 and out2 and get the right | 51 | Then concatenate the output files out1 and out2 and get the right |
52 | result. Yes, it is a thoroughly useless module, but the point is to show | 52 | result. Yes, it is a thoroughly useless module, but the point is to show |