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+
+Kernel NFS Server Statistics
+============================
+
+This document describes the format and semantics of the statistics
+which the kernel NFS server makes available to userspace.  These
+statistics are available in several text form pseudo files, each of
+which is described separately below.
+
+In most cases you don't need to know these formats, as the nfsstat(8)
+program from the nfs-utils distribution provides a helpful command-line
+interface for extracting and printing them.
+
+All the files described here are formatted as a sequence of text lines,
+separated by newline '\n' characters.  Lines beginning with a hash
+'#' character are comments intended for humans and should be ignored
+by parsing routines.  All other lines contain a sequence of fields
+separated by whitespace.
+
+/proc/fs/nfsd/pool_stats
+------------------------
+
+This file is available in kernels from 2.6.30 onwards, if the
+/proc/fs/nfsd filesystem is mounted (it almost always should be).
+
+The first line is a comment which describes the fields present in
+all the other lines.  The other lines present the following data as
+a sequence of unsigned decimal numeric fields.  One line is shown
+for each NFS thread pool.
+
+All counters are 64 bits wide and wrap naturally.  There is no way
+to zero these counters, instead applications should do their own
+rate conversion.
+
+pool
+        The id number of the NFS thread pool to which this line applies.
+        This number does not change.
+
+        Thread pool ids are a contiguous set of small integers starting
+        at zero.  The maximum value depends on the thread pool mode, but
+        currently cannot be larger than the number of CPUs in the system.
+        Note that in the default case there will be a single thread pool
+        which contains all the nfsd threads and all the CPUs in the system,
+        and thus this file will have a single line with a pool id of "0".
+
+packets-arrived
+        Counts how many NFS packets have arrived.  More precisely, this
+        is the number of times that the network stack has notified the
+        sunrpc server layer that new data may be available on a transport
+        (e.g. an NFS or UDP socket or an NFS/RDMA endpoint).
+
+        Depending on the NFS workload patterns and various network stack
+        effects (such as Large Receive Offload) which can combine packets
+        on the wire, this may be either more or less than the number
+        of NFS calls received (which statistic is available elsewhere).
+        However this is a more accurate and less workload-dependent measure
+        of how much CPU load is being placed on the sunrpc server layer
+        due to NFS network traffic.
+
+sockets-enqueued
+        Counts how many times an NFS transport is enqueued to wait for
+        an nfsd thread to service it, i.e. no nfsd thread was considered
+        available.
+
+        The circumstance this statistic tracks indicates that there was NFS
+        network-facing work to be done but it couldn't be done immediately,
+        thus introducing a small delay in servicing NFS calls.  The ideal
+        rate of change for this counter is zero; significantly non-zero
+        values may indicate a performance limitation.
+
+        This can happen either because there are too few nfsd threads in the
+        thread pool for the NFS workload (the workload is thread-limited),
+        or because the NFS workload needs more CPU time than is available in
+        the thread pool (the workload is CPU-limited).  In the former case,
+        configuring more nfsd threads will probably improve the performance
+        of the NFS workload.  In the latter case, the sunrpc server layer is
+        already choosing not to wake idle nfsd threads because there are too
+        many nfsd threads which want to run but cannot, so configuring more
+        nfsd threads will make no difference whatsoever.  The overloads-avoided
+        statistic (see below) can be used to distinguish these cases.
+
+threads-woken
+        Counts how many times an idle nfsd thread is woken to try to
+        receive some data from an NFS transport.
+
+        This statistic tracks the circumstance where incoming
+        network-facing NFS work is being handled quickly, which is a good
+        thing.  The ideal rate of change for this counter will be close
+        to but less than the rate of change of the packets-arrived counter.
+
+overloads-avoided
+        Counts how many times the sunrpc server layer chose not to wake an
+        nfsd thread, despite the presence of idle nfsd threads, because
+        too many nfsd threads had been recently woken but could not get
+        enough CPU time to actually run.
+
+        This statistic counts a circumstance where the sunrpc layer
+        heuristically avoids overloading the CPU scheduler with too many
+        runnable nfsd threads.  The ideal rate of change for this counter
+        is zero.  Significant non-zero values indicate that the workload
+        is CPU limited.  Usually this is associated with heavy CPU usage
+        on all the CPUs in the nfsd thread pool.
+
+        If a sustained large overloads-avoided rate is detected on a pool,
+        the top(1) utility should be used to check for the following
+        pattern of CPU usage on all the CPUs associated with the given
+        nfsd thread pool.
+
+         - %us ~= 0 (as you're *NOT* running applications on your NFS server)
+
+         - %wa ~= 0
+
+         - %id ~= 0
+
+         - %sy + %hi + %si ~= 100
+
+        If this pattern is seen, configuring more nfsd threads will *not*
+        improve the performance of the workload.  If this patten is not
+        seen, then something more subtle is wrong.
+
+threads-timedout
+        Counts how many times an nfsd thread triggered an idle timeout,
+        i.e. was not woken to handle any incoming network packets for
+        some time.
+
+        This statistic counts a circumstance where there are more nfsd
+        threads configured than can be used by the NFS workload.  This is
+        a clue that the number of nfsd threads can be reduced without
+        affecting performance.  Unfortunately, it's only a clue and not
+        a strong indication, for a couple of reasons:
+
+         - Currently the rate at which the counter is incremented is quite
+           slow; the idle timeout is 60 minutes.  Unless the NFS workload
+           remains constant for hours at a time, this counter is unlikely
+           to be providing information that is still useful.
+
+         - It is usually a wise policy to provide some slack,
+           i.e. configure a few more nfsds than are currently needed,
+           to allow for future spikes in load.
+
+
+Note that incoming packets on NFS transports will be dealt with in
+one of three ways.  An nfsd thread can be woken (threads-woken counts
+this case), or the transport can be enqueued for later attention
+(sockets-enqueued counts this case), or the packet can be temporarily
+deferred because the transport is currently being used by an nfsd
+thread.  This last case is not very interesting and is not explicitly
+counted, but can be inferred from the other counters thus:
+
+packets-deferred = packets-arrived - ( sockets-enqueued + threads-woken )
+
+
+More
+----
+Descriptions of the other statistics file should go here.
+
+
+Greg Banks <gnb@sgi.com>
+26 Mar 2009