diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/dvb')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/dvb/README.dvb-usb (renamed from Documentation/dvb/README.dibusb) | 195 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt | 25 |
2 files changed, 120 insertions, 100 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/README.dibusb b/Documentation/dvb/README.dvb-usb index 7a9e958513f3..c7ed01b9f8f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/README.dibusb +++ b/Documentation/dvb/README.dvb-usb | |||
@@ -1,16 +1,40 @@ | |||
1 | Documentation for dib3000* frontend drivers and dibusb device driver | 1 | Documentation for dvb-usb-framework module and its devices |
2 | ==================================================================== | ||
3 | 2 | ||
4 | Copyright (C) 2004-5 Patrick Boettcher (patrick.boettcher@desy.de), | 3 | Idea behind the dvb-usb-framework |
4 | ================================= | ||
5 | 5 | ||
6 | dibusb and dib3000mb/mc drivers based on GPL code, which has | 6 | In March 2005 I got the new Twinhan USB2.0 DVB-T device. They provided specs and a firmware. |
7 | 7 | ||
8 | Copyright (C) 2004 Amaury Demol for DiBcom (ademol@dibcom.fr) | 8 | Quite keen I wanted to put the driver (with some quirks of course) into dibusb. |
9 | After reading some specs and doing some USB snooping, it realized, that the | ||
10 | dibusb-driver would be a complete mess afterwards. So I decided to do it in a | ||
11 | different way: With the help of a dvb-usb-framework. | ||
9 | 12 | ||
10 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | 13 | The framework provides generic functions (mostly kernel API calls), such as: |
11 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | ||
12 | published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2. | ||
13 | 14 | ||
15 | - Transport Stream URB handling in conjunction with dvb-demux-feed-control | ||
16 | (bulk and isoc (TODO) are supported) | ||
17 | - registering the device for the DVB-API | ||
18 | - registering an I2C-adapter if applicable | ||
19 | - remote-control/input-device handling | ||
20 | - firmware requesting and loading (currently just for the Cypress USB | ||
21 | controller) | ||
22 | - other functions/methods which can be shared by several drivers (such as | ||
23 | functions for bulk-control-commands) | ||
24 | |||
25 | The source code of the particular DVB USB devices does just the communication | ||
26 | with the device via the bus. The connection between the DVB-API-functionality | ||
27 | is done via callbacks, assigned in a static device-description (struct | ||
28 | dvb_usb_device) each device-driver has to have. | ||
29 | |||
30 | For an example have a look in drivers/media/dvb/dvb-usb/vp7045*. | ||
31 | |||
32 | Objective is to migrate all the usb-devices (dibusb, cinergyT2, maybe the | ||
33 | ttusb; flexcop-usb already benefits from the generic flexcop-device) to use | ||
34 | the dvb-usb-lib. | ||
35 | |||
36 | TODO: dynamic enabling and disabling of the pid-filter in regard to number of | ||
37 | feeds requested. | ||
14 | 38 | ||
15 | Supported devices USB1.1 | 39 | Supported devices USB1.1 |
16 | ======================== | 40 | ======================== |
@@ -55,22 +79,34 @@ Others: | |||
55 | - Grandtec USB DVB-T | 79 | - Grandtec USB DVB-T |
56 | http://www.grand.com.tw/ | 80 | http://www.grand.com.tw/ |
57 | 81 | ||
58 | - Avermedia AverTV DVBT USB (2) | 82 | - AVerMedia AverTV DVBT USB |
59 | http://www.avermedia.com/ | 83 | http://www.avermedia.com/ |
60 | 84 | ||
61 | - DiBcom USB DVB-T reference device (non-public) | 85 | - DiBcom USB DVB-T reference device (non-public) |
62 | 86 | ||
63 | 87 | ||
64 | Supported devices USB2.0 | 88 | Supported devices USB2.0-only |
65 | ======================== | 89 | ============================= |
66 | - Twinhan MagicBox II (2) | 90 | - Twinhan MagicBox II |
67 | http://www.twinhan.com/product_terrestrial_7.asp | 91 | http://www.twinhan.com/product_terrestrial_7.asp |
68 | 92 | ||
69 | - Hanftek UMT-010 (1) | 93 | - TwinhanDTV Alpha |
94 | http://www.twinhan.com/product_terrestrial_8.asp | ||
95 | |||
96 | - DigitalNow TinyUSB 2 DVB-t Receiver | ||
97 | http://www.digitalnow.com.au/DigitalNow%20tinyUSB2%20Specifications.html | ||
98 | |||
99 | - Hanftek UMT-010 | ||
70 | http://www.globalsources.com/si/6008819757082/ProductDetail/Digital-TV/product_id-100046529 | 100 | http://www.globalsources.com/si/6008819757082/ProductDetail/Digital-TV/product_id-100046529 |
71 | 101 | ||
72 | - Typhoon/Yakumo/HAMA DVB-T mobile USB2.0 (1) | 102 | |
103 | Supported devices USB2.0 and USB1.1 | ||
104 | ============================= | ||
105 | - Typhoon/Yakumo/HAMA/Yuan DVB-T mobile USB2.0 | ||
73 | http://www.yakumo.de/produkte/index.php?pid=1&ag=DVB-T | 106 | http://www.yakumo.de/produkte/index.php?pid=1&ag=DVB-T |
107 | http://www.yuan.com.tw/en/products/vdo_ub300.html | ||
108 | http://www.hama.de/portal/articleId*114663/action*2563 | ||
109 | http://www.anubisline.com/english/articlec.asp?id=50502&catid=002 | ||
74 | 110 | ||
75 | - Artec T1 USB TVBOX (FX2) (2) | 111 | - Artec T1 USB TVBOX (FX2) (2) |
76 | 112 | ||
@@ -81,14 +117,24 @@ Supported devices USB2.0 | |||
81 | 117 | ||
82 | - DiBcom USB2.0 DVB-T reference device (non-public) | 118 | - DiBcom USB2.0 DVB-T reference device (non-public) |
83 | 119 | ||
84 | 1) It is working almost. | 120 | - AVerMedia AverTV A800 DVB-T USB2.0 |
121 | |||
122 | 1) It is working almost - work-in-progress. | ||
85 | 2) No test reports received yet. | 123 | 2) No test reports received yet. |
86 | 124 | ||
125 | 0. History & News: | ||
126 | 2005-04-17 - all dibusb devices ported to make use of the dvb-usb-framework | ||
127 | 2005-04-02 - re-enabled and improved remote control code. | ||
128 | 2005-03-31 - ported the Yakumo/Hama/Typhoon DVB-T USB2.0 device to dvb-usb. | ||
129 | 2005-03-30 - first commit of the dvb-usb-module based on the dibusb-source. First device is a new driver for the | ||
130 | TwinhanDTV Alpha / MagicBox II USB2.0-only DVB-T device. | ||
87 | 131 | ||
88 | 0. NEWS: | 132 | (change from dvb-dibusb to dvb-usb) |
133 | 2005-03-28 - added support for the AVerMedia AverTV DVB-T USB2.0 device (Thanks to Glen Harris and Jiun-Kuei Jung, AVerMedia) | ||
134 | 2005-03-14 - added support for the Typhoon/Yakumo/HAMA DVB-T mobile USB2.0 | ||
89 | 2005-02-11 - added support for the KWorld/ADSTech Instant DVB-T USB2.0. Thanks a lot to Joachim von Caron | 135 | 2005-02-11 - added support for the KWorld/ADSTech Instant DVB-T USB2.0. Thanks a lot to Joachim von Caron |
90 | 2005-02-02 - added support for the Hauppauge Win-TV Nova-T USB2 | 136 | 2005-02-02 - added support for the Hauppauge Win-TV Nova-T USB2 |
91 | 2005-01-31 - distorted streaming is finally gone for USB1.1 devices | 137 | 2005-01-31 - distorted streaming is gone for USB1.1 devices |
92 | 2005-01-13 - moved the mirrored pid_filter_table back to dvb-dibusb | 138 | 2005-01-13 - moved the mirrored pid_filter_table back to dvb-dibusb |
93 | - first almost working version for HanfTek UMT-010 | 139 | - first almost working version for HanfTek UMT-010 |
94 | - found out, that Yakumo/HAMA/Typhoon are predessors of the HanfTek UMT-010 | 140 | - found out, that Yakumo/HAMA/Typhoon are predessors of the HanfTek UMT-010 |
@@ -99,7 +145,7 @@ Supported devices USB2.0 | |||
99 | 2004-12-26 - refactored the dibusb-driver, splitted into separate files | 145 | 2004-12-26 - refactored the dibusb-driver, splitted into separate files |
100 | - i2c-probing enabled | 146 | - i2c-probing enabled |
101 | 2004-12-06 - possibility for demod i2c-address probing | 147 | 2004-12-06 - possibility for demod i2c-address probing |
102 | - new usb IDs (Compro,Artec) | 148 | - new usb IDs (Compro, Artec) |
103 | 2004-11-23 - merged changes from DiB3000MC_ver2.1 | 149 | 2004-11-23 - merged changes from DiB3000MC_ver2.1 |
104 | - revised the debugging | 150 | - revised the debugging |
105 | - possibility to deliver the complete TS for USB2.0 | 151 | - possibility to deliver the complete TS for USB2.0 |
@@ -127,8 +173,8 @@ Supported devices USB2.0 | |||
127 | CTS Portable (Chinese Television System) | 173 | CTS Portable (Chinese Television System) |
128 | 2004-07-08 - firmware-extraction-2.422-problem solved, driver is now working | 174 | 2004-07-08 - firmware-extraction-2.422-problem solved, driver is now working |
129 | properly with firmware extracted from 2.422 | 175 | properly with firmware extracted from 2.422 |
130 | - #if for 2.6.4 (dvb), compile issue | 176 | - #if for 2.6.4 (dvb), compile issue |
131 | - changed firmware handling, see vp7041.txt sec 1.1 | 177 | - changed firmware handling, see vp7041.txt sec 1.1 |
132 | 2004-07-02 - some tuner modifications, v0.1, cleanups, first public | 178 | 2004-07-02 - some tuner modifications, v0.1, cleanups, first public |
133 | 2004-06-28 - now using the dvb_dmx_swfilter_packets, everything | 179 | 2004-06-28 - now using the dvb_dmx_swfilter_packets, everything |
134 | runs fine now | 180 | runs fine now |
@@ -139,38 +185,27 @@ Supported devices USB2.0 | |||
139 | 2004-05-11 - start writing the driver | 185 | 2004-05-11 - start writing the driver |
140 | 186 | ||
141 | 1. How to use? | 187 | 1. How to use? |
142 | NOTE: This driver was developed using Linux 2.6.6., | ||
143 | it is working with 2.6.7 and above. | ||
144 | |||
145 | Linux 2.4.x support is not planned, but patches are very welcome. | ||
146 | |||
147 | NOTE: I'm using Debian testing, so the following explaination (especially | ||
148 | the hotplug-path) needn't match your system, but probably it will :). | ||
149 | |||
150 | The driver is included in the kernel since Linux 2.6.10. | ||
151 | |||
152 | 1.1. Firmware | 188 | 1.1. Firmware |
153 | 189 | ||
154 | The USB driver needs to download a firmware to start working. | 190 | Most of the USB drivers need to download a firmware to start working. |
155 | |||
156 | You can either use "get_dvb_firmware dibusb" to download the firmware or you | ||
157 | can get it directly via | ||
158 | 191 | ||
159 | for USB1.1 (AN2135) | 192 | for USB1.1 (AN2135) you need: dvb-usb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw |
160 | http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw | 193 | for USB2.0 HanfTek: dvb-usb-umt-010-02.fw |
194 | for USB2.0 DiBcom: dvb-usb-dibusb-6.0.0.8.fw | ||
195 | for USB2.0 AVerMedia AverTV DVB-T USB2: dvb-usb-avertv-a800-01.fw | ||
196 | for USB2.0 TwinhanDTV Alpha/MagicBox II: dvb-usb-vp7045-01.fw | ||
161 | 197 | ||
162 | for USB1.1 (AN2235) (a few Artec T1 devices) | 198 | The files can be found on http://www.linuxtv.org/download/firmware/ . |
163 | http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-an2235-1.fw | ||
164 | 199 | ||
165 | for USB2.0 (FX2) Hauppauge, DiBcom | 200 | We do not have the permission (yet) to publish the following firmware-files. |
166 | http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-6.0.0.5.fw | 201 | You'll need to extract them from the windows drivers. |
167 | 202 | ||
168 | for USB2.0 ADSTech/Kworld USB2.0 | 203 | You should be able to use "get_dvb_firmware dvb-usb" to get the firmware: |
169 | http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-adstech-usb2-1.fw | ||
170 | |||
171 | for USB2.0 HanfTek | ||
172 | http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-an2235-1.fw | ||
173 | 204 | ||
205 | for USB1.1 (AN2235) (a few Artec T1 devices): dvb-usb-dibusb-an2235-01.fw | ||
206 | for USB2.0 Hauppauge: dvb-usb-nova-t-usb2-01.fw | ||
207 | for USB2.0 ADSTech/Kworld USB2.0: dvb-usb-adstech-usb2-01.fw | ||
208 | for USB2.0 Yakumo/Typhoon/Hama: dvb-usb-dtt200u-01.fw | ||
174 | 209 | ||
175 | 1.2. Compiling | 210 | 1.2. Compiling |
176 | 211 | ||
@@ -178,6 +213,9 @@ Since the driver is in the linux kernel, activating the driver in | |||
178 | your favorite config-environment should sufficient. I recommend | 213 | your favorite config-environment should sufficient. I recommend |
179 | to compile the driver as module. Hotplug does the rest. | 214 | to compile the driver as module. Hotplug does the rest. |
180 | 215 | ||
216 | If you use dvb-kernel enter the build-2.6 directory run 'make' and 'insmod.sh | ||
217 | load' afterwards. | ||
218 | |||
181 | 1.3. Loading the drivers | 219 | 1.3. Loading the drivers |
182 | 220 | ||
183 | Hotplug is able to load the driver, when it is needed (because you plugged | 221 | Hotplug is able to load the driver, when it is needed (because you plugged |
@@ -188,15 +226,13 @@ from withing the dvb-kernel cvs repository. | |||
188 | 226 | ||
189 | first have a look, which debug level are available: | 227 | first have a look, which debug level are available: |
190 | 228 | ||
191 | modinfo dib3000mb | 229 | modinfo dvb-usb |
192 | modinfo dib3000-common | 230 | modinfo dvb-usb-vp7045 |
193 | modinfo dib3000mc | 231 | etc. |
194 | modinfo dvb-dibusb | ||
195 | 232 | ||
196 | modprobe dib3000-common debug=<level> | 233 | modprobe dvb-usb debug=<level> |
197 | modprobe dib3000mb debug=<level> | 234 | modprobe dvb-usb-vp7045 debug=<level> |
198 | modprobe dib3000mc debug=<level> | 235 | etc. |
199 | modprobe dvb-dibusb debug=<level> | ||
200 | 236 | ||
201 | should do the trick. | 237 | should do the trick. |
202 | 238 | ||
@@ -204,52 +240,32 @@ When the driver is loaded successfully, the firmware file was in | |||
204 | the right place and the device is connected, the "Power"-LED should be | 240 | the right place and the device is connected, the "Power"-LED should be |
205 | turned on. | 241 | turned on. |
206 | 242 | ||
207 | At this point you should be able to start a dvb-capable application. For myself | 243 | At this point you should be able to start a dvb-capable application. I'm use |
208 | I used mplayer, dvbscan, tzap and kaxtv, they are working. Using the device | 244 | (t|s)zap, mplayer and dvbscan to test the basics. VDR-xine provides the |
209 | in vdr is working now also. | 245 | long-term test scenario. |
210 | 246 | ||
211 | 2. Known problems and bugs | 247 | 2. Known problems and bugs |
212 | 248 | ||
213 | - Don't remove the USB device while running an DVB application, your system will die. | 249 | - Don't remove the USB device while running an DVB application, your system |
250 | will go crazy or die most likely. | ||
214 | 251 | ||
215 | 2.1. Adding support for devices | 252 | 2.1. Adding support for devices |
216 | 253 | ||
217 | It is not possible to determine the range of devices based on the DiBcom | 254 | TODO |
218 | reference designs. This is because the reference design of DiBcom can be sold | ||
219 | to thirds, without telling DiBcom (so done with the Twinhan VP7041 and | ||
220 | the HAMA device). | ||
221 | |||
222 | When you think you have a device like this and the driver does not recognizes it, | ||
223 | please send the ****load*.inf and the ****cap*.inf of the Windows driver to me. | ||
224 | |||
225 | Sometimes the Vendor or Product ID is identical to the ones of Twinhan, even | ||
226 | though it is not a Twinhan device (e.g. HAMA), then please send me the name | ||
227 | of the device. I will add it to this list in order to make this clear to | ||
228 | others. | ||
229 | |||
230 | If you are familar with C you can also add the VID and PID of the device to | ||
231 | the dvb-dibusb-core.c-file and create a patch and send it over to me or to | ||
232 | the linux-dvb mailing list, _after_ you have tried compiling and modprobing | ||
233 | it. | ||
234 | 255 | ||
235 | 2.2. USB1.1 Bandwidth limitation | 256 | 2.2. USB1.1 Bandwidth limitation |
236 | 257 | ||
237 | Most of the currently supported devices are USB1.1 and thus they have a | 258 | A lot of the currently supported devices are USB1.1 and thus they have a |
238 | maximum bandwidth of about 5-6 MBit/s when connected to a USB2.0 hub. | 259 | maximum bandwidth of about 5-6 MBit/s when connected to a USB2.0 hub. |
239 | This is not enough for receiving the complete transport stream of a | 260 | This is not enough for receiving the complete transport stream of a |
240 | DVB-T channel (which can be about 16 MBit/s). Normally this is not a | 261 | DVB-T channel (which is about 16 MBit/s). Normally this is not a |
241 | problem, if you only want to watch TV (this does not apply for HDTV), | 262 | problem, if you only want to watch TV (this does not apply for HDTV), |
242 | but watching a channel while recording another channel on the same | 263 | but watching a channel while recording another channel on the same |
243 | frequency simply does not work very well. This applies to all USB1.1 | 264 | frequency simply does not work very well. This applies to all USB1.1 |
244 | DVB-T devices, not just dibusb) | 265 | DVB-T devices, not just the dvb-usb-devices) |
245 | |||
246 | Update: For the USB1.1 and VDR some work has been done (patches and comments | ||
247 | are still very welcome). Maybe the problem is solved in the meantime because I | ||
248 | now use the dmx_sw_filter function instead of dmx_sw_filter_packet. I hope the | ||
249 | linux-dvb software filter is able to get the best of the garbled TS. | ||
250 | 266 | ||
251 | The bug, where the TS is distorted by a heavy usage of the device is gone | 267 | The bug, where the TS is distorted by a heavy usage of the device is gone |
252 | definitely. All dibusb-devices I was using (Twinhan, Kworld, DiBcom) are | 268 | definitely. All dvb-usb-devices I was using (Twinhan, Kworld, DiBcom) are |
253 | working like charm now with VDR. Sometimes I even was able to record a channel | 269 | working like charm now with VDR. Sometimes I even was able to record a channel |
254 | and watch another one. | 270 | and watch another one. |
255 | 271 | ||
@@ -258,7 +274,7 @@ and watch another one. | |||
258 | Patches, comments and suggestions are very very welcome. | 274 | Patches, comments and suggestions are very very welcome. |
259 | 275 | ||
260 | 3. Acknowledgements | 276 | 3. Acknowledgements |
261 | Amaury Demol (ademol@dibcom.fr) and Francois Kanounnikoff from DiBcom for | 277 | Amaury Demol (ademol@dibcom.fr) and Francois Kanounnikoff from DiBcom for |
262 | providing specs, code and help, on which the dvb-dibusb, dib3000mb and | 278 | providing specs, code and help, on which the dvb-dibusb, dib3000mb and |
263 | dib3000mc are based. | 279 | dib3000mc are based. |
264 | 280 | ||
@@ -270,9 +286,16 @@ Patches, comments and suggestions are very very welcome. | |||
270 | 286 | ||
271 | Bernd Wagner for helping with huge bug reports and discussions. | 287 | Bernd Wagner for helping with huge bug reports and discussions. |
272 | 288 | ||
273 | Gunnar Wittich and Joachim von Caron for their trust for giving me | 289 | Gunnar Wittich and Joachim von Caron for their trust for providing |
274 | root-shells on their machines to implement support for new devices. | 290 | root-shells on their machines to implement support for new devices. |
275 | 291 | ||
292 | Glen Harris for bringing up, that there is a new dibusb-device and Jiun-Kuei | ||
293 | Jung from AVerMedia who kindly provided a special firmware to get the device | ||
294 | up and running in Linux. | ||
295 | |||
296 | Jennifer Chen, Jeff and Jack from Twinhan for kindly supporting by | ||
297 | writing the vp7045-driver. | ||
298 | |||
276 | Some guys on the linux-dvb mailing list for encouraging me | 299 | Some guys on the linux-dvb mailing list for encouraging me |
277 | 300 | ||
278 | Peter Schildmann >peter.schildmann-nospam-at-web.de< for his | 301 | Peter Schildmann >peter.schildmann-nospam-at-web.de< for his |
@@ -282,4 +305,4 @@ Patches, comments and suggestions are very very welcome. | |||
282 | Ulf Hermenau for helping me out with traditional chinese. | 305 | Ulf Hermenau for helping me out with traditional chinese. |
283 | 306 | ||
284 | André Smoktun and Christian Frömmel for supporting me with | 307 | André Smoktun and Christian Frömmel for supporting me with |
285 | hardware and listening to my problems very patient | 308 | hardware and listening to my problems very patient. |
diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt b/Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt index d64430bf4bb6..3a3260794758 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/bt8xx.txt | |||
@@ -44,26 +44,23 @@ TwinHan (dst) are loaded automatically by the dvb-bt8xx device driver. | |||
44 | $ modprobe dst | 44 | $ modprobe dst |
45 | 45 | ||
46 | The value 0x71 will override the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx, | 46 | The value 0x71 will override the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx, |
47 | which is necessary for TwinHan cards. | 47 | which is necessary for TwinHan cards. |
48 | 48 | ||
49 | If you're having an older card (blue color circuit) and card=0x71 locks | 49 | If you're having an older card (blue color circuit) and card=0x71 locks |
50 | your machine, try using 0x68, too. If that does not work, ask on the | 50 | your machine, try using 0x68, too. If that does not work, ask on the |
51 | mailing list. | 51 | mailing list. |
52 | 52 | ||
53 | The DST module takes a couple of useful parameters. | 53 | The DST module takes a couple of useful parameters: |
54 | 54 | ||
55 | verbose takes values 0 to 5. These values control the verbosity level. | 55 | a. verbose takes values 0 to 5. These values control the verbosity level. |
56 | 56 | b. debug takes values 0 and 1. You can either disable or enable debugging. | |
57 | debug takes values 0 and 1. You can either disable or enable debugging. | 57 | c. dst_addons takes values 0 and 0x20: |
58 | 58 | - A value of 0 means it is a FTA card. | |
59 | dst_addons takes values 0 and 0x20. A value of 0 means it is a FTA card. | 59 | - A value of 0x20 means it has a Conditional Access slot. |
60 | 0x20 means it has a Conditional Access slot. | ||
61 | |||
62 | The autodected values are determined bythe cards 'response | ||
63 | string' which you can see in your logs e.g. | ||
64 | |||
65 | dst_get_device_id: Recognise [DSTMCI] | ||
66 | 60 | ||
61 | The autodetected values are determined by the "response string" | ||
62 | of the card, which you can see in your logs: | ||
63 | e.g.: dst_get_device_id: Recognize [DSTMCI] | ||
67 | 64 | ||
68 | -- | 65 | -- |
69 | Authors: Richard Walker, Jamie Honan, Michael Hunold, Manu Abraham | 66 | Authors: Richard Walker, Jamie Honan, Michael Hunold, Manu Abraham, Uwe Bugla |