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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> | ||
2 | <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" | ||
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> | ||
4 | |||
5 | <book id="LinuxKernelAPI"> | ||
6 | <bookinfo> | ||
7 | <title>The Linux Kernel API</title> | ||
8 | |||
9 | <legalnotice> | ||
10 | <para> | ||
11 | This documentation is free software; you can redistribute | ||
12 | it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public | ||
13 | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either | ||
14 | version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later | ||
15 | version. | ||
16 | </para> | ||
17 | |||
18 | <para> | ||
19 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be | ||
20 | useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied | ||
21 | warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | ||
22 | See the GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
23 | </para> | ||
24 | |||
25 | <para> | ||
26 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | ||
27 | License along with this program; if not, write to the Free | ||
28 | Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, | ||
29 | MA 02111-1307 USA | ||
30 | </para> | ||
31 | |||
32 | <para> | ||
33 | For more details see the file COPYING in the source | ||
34 | distribution of Linux. | ||
35 | </para> | ||
36 | </legalnotice> | ||
37 | </bookinfo> | ||
38 | |||
39 | <toc></toc> | ||
40 | |||
41 | <chapter id="Basics"> | ||
42 | <title>Driver Basics</title> | ||
43 | <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title> | ||
44 | !Iinclude/linux/init.h | ||
45 | </sect1> | ||
46 | |||
47 | <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title> | ||
48 | !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h | ||
49 | !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h | ||
50 | </sect1> | ||
51 | |||
52 | <!-- FIXME: | ||
53 | kernel/sched.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment | ||
54 | out until somebody adds docs. KAO | ||
55 | <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title> | ||
56 | X!Ekernel/sched.c | ||
57 | </sect1> | ||
58 | KAO --> | ||
59 | </chapter> | ||
60 | |||
61 | <chapter id="adt"> | ||
62 | <title>Data Types</title> | ||
63 | <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title> | ||
64 | !Iinclude/linux/list.h | ||
65 | </sect1> | ||
66 | </chapter> | ||
67 | |||
68 | <chapter id="libc"> | ||
69 | <title>Basic C Library Functions</title> | ||
70 | |||
71 | <para> | ||
72 | When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are | ||
73 | from the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally | ||
74 | useful and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions | ||
75 | may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations | ||
76 | are noted in the text. | ||
77 | </para> | ||
78 | |||
79 | <sect1><title>String Conversions</title> | ||
80 | !Ilib/vsprintf.c | ||
81 | !Elib/vsprintf.c | ||
82 | </sect1> | ||
83 | <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title> | ||
84 | !Ilib/string.c | ||
85 | !Elib/string.c | ||
86 | </sect1> | ||
87 | <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title> | ||
88 | !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h | ||
89 | </sect1> | ||
90 | </chapter> | ||
91 | |||
92 | <chapter id="mm"> | ||
93 | <title>Memory Management in Linux</title> | ||
94 | <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title> | ||
95 | !Emm/slab.c | ||
96 | </sect1> | ||
97 | <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title> | ||
98 | !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h | ||
99 | !Iarch/i386/lib/usercopy.c | ||
100 | </sect1> | ||
101 | </chapter> | ||
102 | |||
103 | <chapter id="kfifo"> | ||
104 | <title>FIFO Buffer</title> | ||
105 | <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title> | ||
106 | !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h | ||
107 | !Ekernel/kfifo.c | ||
108 | </sect1> | ||
109 | </chapter> | ||
110 | |||
111 | <chapter id="proc"> | ||
112 | <title>The proc filesystem</title> | ||
113 | |||
114 | <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title> | ||
115 | !Ekernel/sysctl.c | ||
116 | </sect1> | ||
117 | </chapter> | ||
118 | |||
119 | <chapter id="debugfs"> | ||
120 | <title>The debugfs filesystem</title> | ||
121 | |||
122 | <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title> | ||
123 | !Efs/debugfs/inode.c | ||
124 | !Efs/debugfs/file.c | ||
125 | </sect1> | ||
126 | </chapter> | ||
127 | |||
128 | <chapter id="vfs"> | ||
129 | <title>The Linux VFS</title> | ||
130 | <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title> | ||
131 | !Efs/dcache.c | ||
132 | !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h | ||
133 | </sect1> | ||
134 | <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title> | ||
135 | !Efs/inode.c | ||
136 | !Efs/bad_inode.c | ||
137 | </sect1> | ||
138 | <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title> | ||
139 | !Efs/super.c | ||
140 | </sect1> | ||
141 | <sect1><title>File Locks</title> | ||
142 | !Efs/locks.c | ||
143 | !Ifs/locks.c | ||
144 | </sect1> | ||
145 | </chapter> | ||
146 | |||
147 | <chapter id="netcore"> | ||
148 | <title>Linux Networking</title> | ||
149 | <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title> | ||
150 | !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h | ||
151 | !Enet/core/skbuff.c | ||
152 | </sect1> | ||
153 | <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title> | ||
154 | !Enet/core/filter.c | ||
155 | </sect1> | ||
156 | <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title> | ||
157 | !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h | ||
158 | !Enet/core/gen_stats.c | ||
159 | !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c | ||
160 | </sect1> | ||
161 | </chapter> | ||
162 | |||
163 | <chapter id="netdev"> | ||
164 | <title>Network device support</title> | ||
165 | <sect1><title>Driver Support</title> | ||
166 | !Enet/core/dev.c | ||
167 | </sect1> | ||
168 | <sect1><title>8390 Based Network Cards</title> | ||
169 | !Edrivers/net/8390.c | ||
170 | </sect1> | ||
171 | <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title> | ||
172 | !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c | ||
173 | </sect1> | ||
174 | </chapter> | ||
175 | |||
176 | <chapter id="modload"> | ||
177 | <title>Module Support</title> | ||
178 | <sect1><title>Module Loading</title> | ||
179 | !Ekernel/kmod.c | ||
180 | </sect1> | ||
181 | <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title> | ||
182 | <para> | ||
183 | Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information. | ||
184 | </para> | ||
185 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
186 | X!Ekernel/module.c | ||
187 | --> | ||
188 | </sect1> | ||
189 | </chapter> | ||
190 | |||
191 | <chapter id="hardware"> | ||
192 | <title>Hardware Interfaces</title> | ||
193 | <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title> | ||
194 | !Iarch/i386/kernel/irq.c | ||
195 | </sect1> | ||
196 | |||
197 | <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title> | ||
198 | !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c | ||
199 | </sect1> | ||
200 | <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title> | ||
201 | !Edrivers/pci/pci.c | ||
202 | </sect1> | ||
203 | <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title> | ||
204 | !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c | ||
205 | </sect1> | ||
206 | <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title> | ||
207 | <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title> | ||
208 | <para> | ||
209 | Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information. | ||
210 | </para> | ||
211 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
212 | X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c | ||
213 | --> | ||
214 | </sect2> | ||
215 | <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title> | ||
216 | !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h | ||
217 | </sect2> | ||
218 | </sect1> | ||
219 | </chapter> | ||
220 | |||
221 | <chapter id="devfs"> | ||
222 | <title>The Device File System</title> | ||
223 | !Efs/devfs/base.c | ||
224 | </chapter> | ||
225 | |||
226 | <chapter id="security"> | ||
227 | <title>Security Framework</title> | ||
228 | !Esecurity/security.c | ||
229 | </chapter> | ||
230 | |||
231 | <chapter id="pmfuncs"> | ||
232 | <title>Power Management</title> | ||
233 | !Ekernel/power/pm.c | ||
234 | </chapter> | ||
235 | |||
236 | <chapter id="blkdev"> | ||
237 | <title>Block Devices</title> | ||
238 | !Edrivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c | ||
239 | </chapter> | ||
240 | |||
241 | <chapter id="miscdev"> | ||
242 | <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title> | ||
243 | !Edrivers/char/misc.c | ||
244 | </chapter> | ||
245 | |||
246 | <chapter id="viddev"> | ||
247 | <title>Video4Linux</title> | ||
248 | !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c | ||
249 | </chapter> | ||
250 | |||
251 | <chapter id="snddev"> | ||
252 | <title>Sound Devices</title> | ||
253 | !Esound/sound_core.c | ||
254 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
255 | X!Isound/sound_firmware.c | ||
256 | --> | ||
257 | </chapter> | ||
258 | |||
259 | <chapter id="uart16x50"> | ||
260 | <title>16x50 UART Driver</title> | ||
261 | !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c | ||
262 | !Edrivers/serial/8250.c | ||
263 | </chapter> | ||
264 | |||
265 | <chapter id="z85230"> | ||
266 | <title>Z85230 Support Library</title> | ||
267 | !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c | ||
268 | </chapter> | ||
269 | |||
270 | <chapter id="fbdev"> | ||
271 | <title>Frame Buffer Library</title> | ||
272 | |||
273 | <para> | ||
274 | The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures. | ||
275 | These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are | ||
276 | fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs. | ||
277 | The last three can be made available to and from userland. | ||
278 | </para> | ||
279 | |||
280 | <para> | ||
281 | fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card. | ||
282 | Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a | ||
283 | collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work. | ||
284 | fb_info is only visible to the kernel. | ||
285 | </para> | ||
286 | |||
287 | <para> | ||
288 | fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card | ||
289 | that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as | ||
290 | depth and the resolution may be defined. | ||
291 | </para> | ||
292 | |||
293 | <para> | ||
294 | The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the | ||
295 | properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't | ||
296 | be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the | ||
297 | frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer | ||
298 | memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved. | ||
299 | </para> | ||
300 | |||
301 | <para> | ||
302 | The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was | ||
303 | little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things | ||
304 | such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With | ||
305 | the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used | ||
306 | correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs | ||
307 | will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x. | ||
308 | </para> | ||
309 | |||
310 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title> | ||
311 | !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c | ||
312 | </sect1> | ||
313 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title> | ||
314 | !Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c | ||
315 | </sect1> | ||
316 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title> | ||
317 | !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c | ||
318 | </sect1> | ||
319 | <!-- FIXME: | ||
320 | drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment | ||
321 | out until somebody adds docs. KAO | ||
322 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title> | ||
323 | X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c | ||
324 | </sect1> | ||
325 | KAO --> | ||
326 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title> | ||
327 | !Idrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
328 | !Edrivers/video/modedb.c | ||
329 | </sect1> | ||
330 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title> | ||
331 | !Idrivers/video/macmodes.c | ||
332 | </sect1> | ||
333 | <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title> | ||
334 | <para> | ||
335 | Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information. | ||
336 | </para> | ||
337 | <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | ||
338 | X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c | ||
339 | --> | ||
340 | </sect1> | ||
341 | </chapter> | ||
342 | </book> | ||