31 files changed, 111 insertions, 103 deletions

diff --git a/sound/aoa/core/alsa.c b/sound/aoa/core/alsa.c
index 617850463582..0fa3855b4790 100644
--- a/sound/aoa/core/alsa.c
+++ b/sound/aoa/core/alsa.c
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ int aoa_alsa_init(char *name, struct module *mod, struct device *dev)
                 /* cannot be EEXIST due to usage in aoa_fabric_register */
                 return -EBUSY;
 
-        alsa_card = snd_card_new(index, name, mod, sizeof(struct aoa_card));
-        if (!alsa_card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, name, mod, sizeof(struct aoa_card),
+                              &alsa_card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         aoa_card = alsa_card->private_data;
         aoa_card->alsa_card = alsa_card;
         alsa_card->dev = dev;
diff --git a/sound/arm/aaci.c b/sound/arm/aaci.c
index 89096e811a4b..7d39aac9ec14 100644
--- a/sound/arm/aaci.c
+++ b/sound/arm/aaci.c
@@ -995,10 +995,11 @@ static struct aaci * __devinit aaci_init_card(struct amba_device *dev)
 {
         struct aaci *aaci;
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
-                            THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct aaci));
-        if (card == NULL)
+        err = snd_card_create(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
+                              THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct aaci), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
                 return NULL;
 
         card->private_free = aaci_free_card;
diff --git a/sound/arm/pxa2xx-ac97.c b/sound/arm/pxa2xx-ac97.c
index 85cf591d4e11..7ed100c80a5f 100644
--- a/sound/arm/pxa2xx-ac97.c
+++ b/sound/arm/pxa2xx-ac97.c
@@ -173,10 +173,9 @@ static int __devinit pxa2xx_ac97_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
         struct snd_ac97_template ac97_template;
         int ret;
 
-        ret = -ENOMEM;
-        card = snd_card_new(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
-                            THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
+        ret = snd_card_create(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
+                              THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (ret < 0)
                 goto err;
 
         card->dev = &dev->dev;
diff --git a/sound/arm/sa11xx-uda1341.c b/sound/arm/sa11xx-uda1341.c
index 1dcd51d81d10..51d708c31e65 100644
--- a/sound/arm/sa11xx-uda1341.c
+++ b/sound/arm/sa11xx-uda1341.c
@@ -887,9 +887,10 @@ static int __devinit sa11xx_uda1341_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
         struct sa11xx_uda1341 *chip;
 
         /* register the soundcard */
-        card = snd_card_new(-1, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct sa11xx_uda1341));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(-1, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct sa11xx_uda1341), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         chip = card->private_data;
         spin_lock_init(&chip->s[0].dma_lock);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/dummy.c b/sound/drivers/dummy.c
index 73be7e14a603..54239d2e0997 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/dummy.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/dummy.c
@@ -588,10 +588,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_dummy_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
         int idx, err;
         int dev = devptr->id;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_dummy));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_dummy), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         dummy = card->private_data;
         dummy->card = card;
         for (idx = 0; idx < MAX_PCM_DEVICES && idx < pcm_devs[dev]; idx++) {
diff --git a/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c b/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
index 7783843ca9ae..1950ffce2b54 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c
@@ -1279,9 +1279,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ml403_ac97cr_probe(struct platform_device *pfdev)
         if (!enable[dev])
                 return -ENOENT;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         err = snd_ml403_ac97cr_create(card, pfdev, &ml403_ac97cr);
         if (err < 0) {
                 PDEBUG(INIT_FAILURE, "probe(): create failed!\n");
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
index 5b996f3faba5..149d05a8202d 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ static int snd_mpu401_create(int dev, struct snd_card **rcard)
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR "the uart_enter option is obsolete; remove it\n");
 
         *rcard = NULL;
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         strcpy(card->driver, "MPU-401 UART");
         strcpy(card->shortname, card->driver);
         sprintf(card->longname, "%s at %#lx, ", card->shortname, port[dev]);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mtpav.c b/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
index 5b89c0883d60..c3e9833dcfd9 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mtpav.c
@@ -696,9 +696,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_mtpav_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
         int err;
         struct mtpav *mtp_card;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*mtp_card));
-        if (! card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*mtp_card), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         mtp_card = card->private_data;
         spin_lock_init(&mtp_card->spinlock);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mts64.c b/sound/drivers/mts64.c
index 87ba1ddc0115..33d9db782e07 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mts64.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mts64.c
@@ -957,10 +957,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_mts64_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
         if ((err = snd_mts64_probe_port(p)) < 0)
                 return err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printd("Cannot create card\n");
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
         strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
         strcpy(card->shortname, "ESI " CARD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c b/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
index a4049eb94d35..aa2ae07a76d5 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_pcsp_probe(int devnum, struct device *dev)
         hrtimer_init(&pcsp_chip.timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
         pcsp_chip.timer.function = pcsp_do_timer;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_pcsp_create(card);
         if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/drivers/portman2x4.c b/sound/drivers/portman2x4.c
index b1c047ec19af..60158e2e0eaf 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/portman2x4.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/portman2x4.c
@@ -746,10 +746,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_portman_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
         if ((err = snd_portman_probe_port(p)) < 0)
                 return err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printd("Cannot create card\n");
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
         strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
         strcpy(card->shortname, CARD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c b/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
index d8aab9da97c2..891d081e4825 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c
@@ -936,9 +936,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_serial_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
                 return -ENODEV;
         }
 
-        card  = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err  = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "Serial");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Serial MIDI (UART16550A)");
diff --git a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
index f79e3614079d..6f48711818f3 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_virmidi_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
         int idx, err;
         int dev = devptr->id;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_card_virmidi));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_card_virmidi), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         vmidi = (struct snd_card_virmidi *)card->private_data;
         vmidi->card = card;
 
diff --git a/sound/mips/au1x00.c b/sound/mips/au1x00.c
index 1881cec11e78..99e1391b2eb4 100644
--- a/sound/mips/au1x00.c
+++ b/sound/mips/au1x00.c
@@ -636,9 +636,10 @@ au1000_init(void)
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_au1000 *au1000;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(-1, "AC97", THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_au1000));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(-1, "AC97", THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_au1000), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         card->private_free = snd_au1000_free;
         au1000 = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/mips/hal2.c b/sound/mips/hal2.c
index db495be01861..c52691c2fc46 100644
--- a/sound/mips/hal2.c
+++ b/sound/mips/hal2.c
@@ -878,9 +878,9 @@ static int __devinit hal2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
         struct snd_hal2 *chip;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = hal2_create(card, &chip);
         if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
index 4c63504348dc..66f3b48ceafc 100644
--- a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
+++ b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
@@ -936,9 +936,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sgio2audio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
         struct snd_sgio2audio *chip;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_sgio2audio_create(card, &chip);
         if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/parisc/harmony.c b/sound/parisc/harmony.c
index 41f870f8a11d..6055fd6d3b38 100644
--- a/sound/parisc/harmony.c
+++ b/sound/parisc/harmony.c
@@ -975,9 +975,9 @@ snd_harmony_probe(struct parisc_device *padev)
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_harmony *h;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_harmony_create(card, padev, &h);
         if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
index 819aaaac432f..183f6615c68c 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static int snd_pdacf_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
  */
 static int snd_pdacf_probe(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 {
-        int i;
+        int i, err;
         struct snd_pdacf *pdacf;
         struct snd_card *card;
         static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ static int snd_pdacf_probe(struct pcmcia_device *link)
                 return -ENODEV; /* disabled explicitly */
 
         /* ok, create a card instance */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR "pdacf: cannot create a card instance\n");
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
 
         pdacf = snd_pdacf_create(card);
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
index 706602a40600..087ded8a8d72 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ static int vxpocket_probe(struct pcmcia_device *p_dev)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_vxpocket *vxp;
-        int i;
+        int i, err;
 
         /* find an empty slot from the card list */
         for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
@@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ static int vxpocket_probe(struct pcmcia_device *p_dev)
                 return -ENODEV; /* disabled explicitly */
 
         /* ok, create a card instance */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vxpocket: cannot create a card instance\n");
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
 
         vxp = snd_vxpocket_new(card, ibl[i], p_dev);
diff --git a/sound/ppc/powermac.c b/sound/ppc/powermac.c
index c936225771ba..2e18ed0ea899 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/powermac.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/powermac.c
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ static int __init snd_pmac_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
         char *name_ext;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_pmac_new(card, &chip)) < 0)
                 goto __error;
diff --git a/sound/ppc/snd_ps3.c b/sound/ppc/snd_ps3.c
index 8f9e3859c37c..ef2c3f417175 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/snd_ps3.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/snd_ps3.c
@@ -969,11 +969,9 @@ static int __init snd_ps3_driver_probe(struct ps3_system_bus_device *dev)
         }
 
         /* create card instance */
-        the_card.card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!the_card.card) {
-                ret = -ENXIO;
+        ret = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &the_card.card);
+        if (ret < 0)
                 goto clean_irq;
-        }
 
         strcpy(the_card.card->driver, "PS3");
         strcpy(the_card.card->shortname, "PS3");
diff --git a/sound/sh/aica.c b/sound/sh/aica.c
index 7c920f3e7fe3..f551233c5a08 100644
--- a/sound/sh/aica.c
+++ b/sound/sh/aica.c
@@ -609,11 +609,11 @@ static int __devinit snd_aica_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
         dreamcastcard = kmalloc(sizeof(struct snd_card_aica), GFP_KERNEL);
         if (unlikely(!dreamcastcard))
                 return -ENOMEM;
-        dreamcastcard->card =
-            snd_card_new(index, SND_AICA_DRIVER, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (unlikely(!dreamcastcard->card)) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index, SND_AICA_DRIVER, THIS_MODULE, 0,
+                              &dreamcastcard->card);
+        if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
                 kfree(dreamcastcard);
-                return -ENODEV;
+                return err;
         }
         strcpy(dreamcastcard->card->driver, "snd_aica");
         strcpy(dreamcastcard->card->shortname, SND_AICA_DRIVER);
diff --git a/sound/soc/soc-core.c b/sound/soc/soc-core.c
index 6cbe7e82f238..318dfdd54d7f 100644
--- a/sound/soc/soc-core.c
+++ b/sound/soc/soc-core.c
@@ -1311,17 +1311,17 @@ int snd_soc_new_pcms(struct snd_soc_device *socdev, int idx, const char *xid)
 {
         struct snd_soc_codec *codec = socdev->codec;
         struct snd_soc_card *card = socdev->card;
-        int ret = 0, i;
+        int ret, i;
 
         mutex_lock(&codec->mutex);
 
         /* register a sound card */
-        codec->card = snd_card_new(idx, xid, codec->owner, 0);
-        if (!codec->card) {
+        ret = snd_card_create(idx, xid, codec->owner, 0, &codec->card);
+        if (ret < 0) {
                 printk(KERN_ERR "asoc: can't create sound card for codec %s\n",
                         codec->name);
                 mutex_unlock(&codec->mutex);
-                return -ENODEV;
+                return ret;
         }
 
         codec->card->dev = socdev->dev;
diff --git a/sound/sparc/amd7930.c b/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
index f87933e48812..ba38912614b4 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
@@ -1018,9 +1018,10 @@ static int __devinit amd7930_sbus_probe(struct of_device *op, const struct of_de
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev_num], id[dev_num], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev_num], id[dev_num], THIS_MODULE, 0,
+                              &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "AMD7930");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun AMD7930");
diff --git a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
index 41c387587474..7d93fa705ccf 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
@@ -1563,6 +1563,7 @@ static int __init cs4231_attach_begin(struct snd_card **rcard)
 {
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_cs4231 *chip;
+        int err;
 
         *rcard = NULL;
 
@@ -1574,10 +1575,10 @@ static int __init cs4231_attach_begin(struct snd_card **rcard)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_cs4231));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_cs4231), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "CS4231");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun CS4231");
diff --git a/sound/sparc/dbri.c b/sound/sparc/dbri.c
index 23ed6f04a718..af95ff1e126c 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/dbri.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/dbri.c
@@ -2612,10 +2612,10 @@ static int __devinit dbri_probe(struct of_device *op, const struct of_device_id
                 return -ENODEV;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_dbri));
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_dbri), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "DBRI");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun DBRI");
diff --git a/sound/spi/at73c213.c b/sound/spi/at73c213.c
index 09802e8a6fb8..4c7b051f9d17 100644
--- a/sound/spi/at73c213.c
+++ b/sound/spi/at73c213.c
@@ -965,12 +965,11 @@ static int __devinit snd_at73c213_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
                 return PTR_ERR(board->dac_clk);
         }
 
-        retval = -ENOMEM;
-
         /* Allocate "card" using some unused identifiers. */
         snprintf(id, sizeof id, "at73c213_%d", board->ssc_id);
-        card = snd_card_new(-1, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_at73c213));
-        if (!card)
+        retval = snd_card_create(-1, id, THIS_MODULE,
+                                 sizeof(struct snd_at73c213), &card);
+        if (retval < 0)
                 goto out;
 
         chip = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/caiaq-device.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/caiaq-device.c
index a62500e387a6..63a2c1d5779b 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/caiaq-device.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/caiaq-device.c
@@ -339,6 +339,7 @@ static void __devinit setup_card(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 static struct snd_card* create_card(struct usb_device* usb_dev)
 {
         int devnum;
+        int err;
         struct snd_card *card;
         struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev;
 
@@ -349,9 +350,9 @@ static struct snd_card* create_card(struct usb_device* usb_dev)
         if (devnum >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return NULL;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE, 
-                                        sizeof(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev));
-        if (!card)
+        err = snd_card_create(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE, 
+                              sizeof(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
                 return NULL;
 
         dev = caiaqdev(card);
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbaudio.c b/sound/usb/usbaudio.c
index c709b9563226..eec32e1a3020 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbaudio.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usbaudio.c
@@ -3463,10 +3463,10 @@ static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_device *dev, int idx,
                 return -ENXIO;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot create card instance %d\n", idx);
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
 
         chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
index 73e59f4403a4..b21bb475c0ff 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
@@ -482,14 +482,16 @@ static struct snd_card *usx2y_create_card(struct usb_device *device)
 {
         int             dev;
         struct snd_card *card;
+        int err;
+
         for (dev = 0; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; ++dev)
                 if (enable[dev] && !snd_us122l_card_used[dev])
                         break;
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return NULL;
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct us122l));
-        if (!card)
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct us122l), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
                 return NULL;
         snd_us122l_card_used[US122L(card)->chip.index = dev] = 1;
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
index 11639bd72a51..b848a1806385 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c
@@ -337,13 +337,16 @@ static struct snd_card *usX2Y_create_card(struct usb_device *device)
 {
         int             dev;
         struct snd_card *       card;
+        int err;
+
         for (dev = 0; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; ++dev)
                 if (enable[dev] && !snd_usX2Y_card_used[dev])
                         break;
         if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
                 return NULL;
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct usX2Ydev));
-        if (!card)
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct usX2Ydev), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
                 return NULL;
         snd_usX2Y_card_used[usX2Y(card)->chip.index = dev] = 1;
         card->private_free = snd_usX2Y_card_private_free;