13 files changed, 88 insertions, 34 deletions

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c b/fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c
index f5be06a2462f..c9ee0e18bbdc 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c
@@ -3340,7 +3340,8 @@ static int shrink_delalloc(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                 smp_mb();
                 nr_pages = min_t(unsigned long, nr_pages,
                        root->fs_info->delalloc_bytes >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
-                writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(root->fs_info->sb, nr_pages);
+                writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(root->fs_info->sb, nr_pages,
+                                                WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
 
                 spin_lock(&space_info->lock);
                 if (reserved > space_info->bytes_reserved)
diff --git a/fs/buffer.c b/fs/buffer.c
index 1a80b048ade8..f5dcee6c4cfb 100644
--- a/fs/buffer.c
+++ b/fs/buffer.c
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ static void free_more_memory(void)
         struct zone *zone;
         int nid;
 
-        wakeup_flusher_threads(1024);
+        wakeup_flusher_threads(1024, WB_REASON_FREE_MORE_MEM);
         yield();
 
         for_each_online_node(nid) {
diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index 986e2388f031..7fa73a3b2120 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -2241,7 +2241,7 @@ static int ext4_nonda_switch(struct super_block *sb)
          * start pushing delalloc when 1/2 of free blocks are dirty.
          */
         if (free_blocks < 2 * dirty_blocks)
-                writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(sb);
+                writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(sb, WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
 
         return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index c51029693600..73c3992b2bb4 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -41,11 +41,23 @@ struct wb_writeback_work {
         unsigned int for_kupdate:1;
         unsigned int range_cyclic:1;
         unsigned int for_background:1;
+        enum wb_reason reason;          /* why was writeback initiated? */
 
         struct list_head list;          /* pending work list */
         struct completion *done;        /* set if the caller waits */
 };
 
+const char *wb_reason_name[] = {
+        [WB_REASON_BACKGROUND]          = "background",
+        [WB_REASON_TRY_TO_FREE_PAGES]   = "try_to_free_pages",
+        [WB_REASON_SYNC]                = "sync",
+        [WB_REASON_PERIODIC]            = "periodic",
+        [WB_REASON_LAPTOP_TIMER]        = "laptop_timer",
+        [WB_REASON_FREE_MORE_MEM]       = "free_more_memory",
+        [WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE]       = "fs_free_space",
+        [WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD]       = "forker_thread"
+};
+
 /*
  * Include the creation of the trace points after defining the
  * wb_writeback_work structure so that the definition remains local to this
@@ -115,7 +127,7 @@ static void bdi_queue_work(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
 
 static void
 __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
-                      bool range_cyclic)
+                      bool range_cyclic, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         struct wb_writeback_work *work;
 
@@ -135,6 +147,7 @@ __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
         work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE;
         work->nr_pages  = nr_pages;
         work->range_cyclic = range_cyclic;
+        work->reason    = reason;
 
         bdi_queue_work(bdi, work);
 }
@@ -150,9 +163,10 @@ __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
  *   completion. Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore.
  *
  */
-void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages)
+void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
+                        enum wb_reason reason)
 {
-        __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, true);
+        __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, true, reason);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -641,12 +655,14 @@ static long __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
         return wrote;
 }
 
-long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages)
+long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages,
+                                enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         struct wb_writeback_work work = {
                 .nr_pages       = nr_pages,
                 .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                 .range_cyclic   = 1,
+                .reason         = reason,
         };
 
         spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
@@ -825,6 +841,7 @@ static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
                         .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                         .for_background = 1,
                         .range_cyclic   = 1,
+                        .reason         = WB_REASON_BACKGROUND,
                 };
 
                 return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
@@ -858,6 +875,7 @@ static long wb_check_old_data_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
                         .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                         .for_kupdate    = 1,
                         .range_cyclic   = 1,
+                        .reason         = WB_REASON_PERIODIC,
                 };
 
                 return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
@@ -976,7 +994,7 @@ int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data)
  * Start writeback of `nr_pages' pages.  If `nr_pages' is zero, write back
  * the whole world.
  */
-void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages)
+void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
 
@@ -989,7 +1007,7 @@ void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages)
         list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) {
                 if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi))
                         continue;
-                __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, false);
+                __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, false, reason);
         }
         rcu_read_unlock();
 }
@@ -1210,7 +1228,9 @@ static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
  * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
  * for IO completion of submitted IO.
  */
-void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr)
+void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb,
+                            unsigned long nr,
+                            enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
         struct wb_writeback_work work = {
@@ -1219,6 +1239,7 @@ void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr)
                 .tagged_writepages      = 1,
                 .done                   = &done,
                 .nr_pages               = nr,
+                .reason                 = reason,
         };
 
         WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
@@ -1235,9 +1256,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr);
  * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
  * for IO completion of submitted IO.
  */
-void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
-        return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages());
+        return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb);
 
@@ -1248,11 +1269,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb);
  * Invoke writeback_inodes_sb if no writeback is currently underway.
  * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
  */
-int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb)
+int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
                 down_read(&sb->s_umount);
-                writeback_inodes_sb(sb);
+                writeback_inodes_sb(sb, reason);
                 up_read(&sb->s_umount);
                 return 1;
         } else
@@ -1269,11 +1290,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle);
  * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
  */
 int writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(struct super_block *sb,
-                                   unsigned long nr)
+                                   unsigned long nr,
+                                   enum wb_reason reason)
 {
         if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
                 down_read(&sb->s_umount);
-                writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr);
+                writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr, reason);
                 up_read(&sb->s_umount);
                 return 1;
         } else
@@ -1297,6 +1319,7 @@ void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
                 .nr_pages       = LONG_MAX,
                 .range_cyclic   = 0,
                 .done           = &done,
+                .reason         = WB_REASON_SYNC,
         };
 
         WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
diff --git a/fs/quota/quota.c b/fs/quota/quota.c
index 10b6be3ca280..4bae57fc603b 100644
--- a/fs/quota/quota.c
+++ b/fs/quota/quota.c
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ static int do_quotactl(struct super_block *sb, int type, int cmd, qid_t id,
                 /* caller already holds s_umount */
                 if (sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)
                         return -EROFS;
-                writeback_inodes_sb(sb);
+                writeback_inodes_sb(sb, WB_REASON_SYNC);
                 return 0;
         default:
                 return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/fs/sync.c b/fs/sync.c
index c98a7477edfd..101b8ef901d7 100644
--- a/fs/sync.c
+++ b/fs/sync.c
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static int __sync_filesystem(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
         if (wait)
                 sync_inodes_sb(sb);
         else
-                writeback_inodes_sb(sb);
+                writeback_inodes_sb(sb, WB_REASON_SYNC);
 
         if (sb->s_op->sync_fs)
                 sb->s_op->sync_fs(sb, wait);
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ static void sync_filesystems(int wait)
  */
 SYSCALL_DEFINE0(sync)
 {
-        wakeup_flusher_threads(0);
+        wakeup_flusher_threads(0, WB_REASON_SYNC);
         sync_filesystems(0);
         sync_filesystems(1);
         if (unlikely(laptop_mode))
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/budget.c b/fs/ubifs/budget.c
index 315de66e52b2..bc4f94b28706 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/budget.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/budget.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 static void shrink_liability(struct ubifs_info *c, int nr_to_write)
 {
         down_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
-        writeback_inodes_sb(c->vfs_sb);
+        writeback_inodes_sb(c->vfs_sb, WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
         up_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev.h b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
index c3b92010d894..b1038bd686ac 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
@@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ int bdi_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, struct device *parent,
 int bdi_register_dev(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, dev_t dev);
 void bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
 int bdi_setup_and_register(struct backing_dev_info *, char *, unsigned int);
-void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages);
+void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
+                        enum wb_reason reason);
 void bdi_start_background_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
 int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data);
 int bdi_has_dirty_io(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
diff --git a/include/linux/writeback.h b/include/linux/writeback.h
index ddb4652cb337..a378c295851f 100644
--- a/include/linux/writeback.h
+++ b/include/linux/writeback.h
@@ -39,6 +39,23 @@ enum writeback_sync_modes {
 };
 
 /*
+ * why some writeback work was initiated
+ */
+enum wb_reason {
+        WB_REASON_BACKGROUND,
+        WB_REASON_TRY_TO_FREE_PAGES,
+        WB_REASON_SYNC,
+        WB_REASON_PERIODIC,
+        WB_REASON_LAPTOP_TIMER,
+        WB_REASON_FREE_MORE_MEM,
+        WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE,
+        WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD,
+
+        WB_REASON_MAX,
+};
+extern const char *wb_reason_name[];
+
+/*
  * A control structure which tells the writeback code what to do.  These are
  * always on the stack, and hence need no locking.  They are always initialised
  * in a manner such that unspecified fields are set to zero.
@@ -69,14 +86,17 @@ struct writeback_control {
  */     
 struct bdi_writeback;
 int inode_wait(void *);
-void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *);
-void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *, unsigned long nr);
-int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *);
-int writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(struct super_block *, unsigned long nr);
+void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *, enum wb_reason reason);
+void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *, unsigned long nr,
+                                                        enum wb_reason reason);
+int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *, enum wb_reason reason);
+int writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(struct super_block *, unsigned long nr,
+                                                        enum wb_reason reason);
 void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *);
-long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages);
+long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages,
+                                enum wb_reason reason);
 long wb_do_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb, int force_wait);
-void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages);
+void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages, enum wb_reason reason);
 
 /* writeback.h requires fs.h; it, too, is not included from here. */
 static inline void wait_on_inode(struct inode *inode)
diff --git a/include/trace/events/writeback.h b/include/trace/events/writeback.h
index 1261db3916cc..b99caa8b780c 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/writeback.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/writeback.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(writeback_work_class,
                 __field(int, for_kupdate)
                 __field(int, range_cyclic)
                 __field(int, for_background)
+                __field(int, reason)
         ),
         TP_fast_assign(
                 strncpy(__entry->name, dev_name(bdi->dev), 32);
@@ -43,16 +44,18 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(writeback_work_class,
                 __entry->for_kupdate = work->for_kupdate;
                 __entry->range_cyclic = work->range_cyclic;
                 __entry->for_background = work->for_background;
+                __entry->reason = work->reason;
         ),
         TP_printk("bdi %s: sb_dev %d:%d nr_pages=%ld sync_mode=%d "
-                  "kupdate=%d range_cyclic=%d background=%d",
+                  "kupdate=%d range_cyclic=%d background=%d reason=%s",
                   __entry->name,
                   MAJOR(__entry->sb_dev), MINOR(__entry->sb_dev),
                   __entry->nr_pages,
                   __entry->sync_mode,
                   __entry->for_kupdate,
                   __entry->range_cyclic,
-                  __entry->for_background
+                  __entry->for_background,
+                  wb_reason_name[__entry->reason]
         )
 );
 #define DEFINE_WRITEBACK_WORK_EVENT(name) \
@@ -165,6 +168,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(writeback_queue_io,
                 __field(unsigned long,  older)
                 __field(long,           age)
                 __field(int,            moved)
+                __field(int,            reason)
         ),
         TP_fast_assign(
                 unsigned long *older_than_this = work->older_than_this;
@@ -173,12 +177,14 @@ TRACE_EVENT(writeback_queue_io,
                 __entry->age    = older_than_this ?
                                   (jiffies - *older_than_this) * 1000 / HZ : -1;
                 __entry->moved  = moved;
+                __entry->reason = work->reason;
         ),
-        TP_printk("bdi %s: older=%lu age=%ld enqueue=%d",
+        TP_printk("bdi %s: older=%lu age=%ld enqueue=%d reason=%s",
                 __entry->name,
                 __entry->older, /* older_than_this in jiffies */
                 __entry->age,   /* older_than_this in relative milliseconds */
-                __entry->moved)
+                __entry->moved,
+                wb_reason_name[__entry->reason])
 );
 
 TRACE_EVENT(global_dirty_state,
diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c
index 5dcaa3c756d1..dd8916feb05e 100644
--- a/mm/backing-dev.c
+++ b/mm/backing-dev.c
@@ -476,7 +476,8 @@ static int bdi_forker_thread(void *ptr)
                                  * the bdi from the thread. Hopefully 1024 is
                                  * large enough for efficient IO.
                                  */
-                                writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, 1024);
+                                writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, 1024,
+                                                    WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD);
                         } else {
                                 /*
                                  * The spinlock makes sure we do not lose
diff --git a/mm/page-writeback.c b/mm/page-writeback.c
index 45d36f7dc169..650846b61584 100644
--- a/mm/page-writeback.c
+++ b/mm/page-writeback.c
@@ -1301,7 +1301,8 @@ void laptop_mode_timer_fn(unsigned long data)
          * threshold
          */
         if (bdi_has_dirty_io(&q->backing_dev_info))
-                bdi_start_writeback(&q->backing_dev_info, nr_pages);
+                bdi_start_writeback(&q->backing_dev_info, nr_pages,
+                                        WB_REASON_LAPTOP_TIMER);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index b55699cd9067..c735bd770d3d 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2181,7 +2181,8 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
                  */
                 writeback_threshold = sc->nr_to_reclaim + sc->nr_to_reclaim / 2;
                 if (total_scanned > writeback_threshold) {
-                        wakeup_flusher_threads(laptop_mode ? 0 : total_scanned);
+                        wakeup_flusher_threads(laptop_mode ? 0 : total_scanned,
+                                                WB_REASON_TRY_TO_FREE_PAGES);
                         sc->may_writepage = 1;
                 }