Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!

1 files changed, 1517 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sound/isa/sscape.c b/sound/isa/sscape.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3959ed694eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/isa/sscape.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1517 @@
+/*
+ *   Low-level ALSA driver for the ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP
+ *   Copyright (c) by Chris Rankin
+ *
+ *   This driver was written in part using information obtained from
+ *   the OSS/Free SoundScape driver, written by Hannu Savolainen.
+ *
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/pnp.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <asm/dma.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/hwdep.h>
+#include <sound/cs4231.h>
+#include <sound/mpu401.h>
+#include <sound/initval.h>
+
+#include <sound/sscape_ioctl.h>
+
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Chris Rankin");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP driver");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;
+static char* id[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;
+static long port[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = SNDRV_AUTO_PORT };
+static int irq[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IRQ;
+static int mpu_irq[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IRQ;
+static int dma[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata = SNDRV_DEFAULT_DMA;
+
+module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index number for SoundScape soundcard");
+
+module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "Description for SoundScape card");
+
+module_param_array(port, long, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(port, "Port # for SoundScape driver.");
+
+module_param_array(irq, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(irq, "IRQ # for SoundScape driver.");
+
+module_param_array(mpu_irq, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(mpu_irq, "MPU401 IRQ # for SoundScape driver.");
+
+module_param_array(dma, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(dma, "DMA # for SoundScape driver.");
+  
+#ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static struct pnp_card_device_id sscape_pnpids[] = {
+        { .id = "ENS3081", .devs = { { "ENS0000" } } },
+        { .id = "" }    /* end */
+};
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pnp_card, sscape_pnpids);
+#endif
+
+static snd_card_t *sscape_card[SNDRV_CARDS];
+
+
+#define MPU401_IO(i)     ((i) + 0)
+#define MIDI_DATA_IO(i)  ((i) + 0)
+#define MIDI_CTRL_IO(i)  ((i) + 1)
+#define HOST_CTRL_IO(i)  ((i) + 2)
+#define HOST_DATA_IO(i)  ((i) + 3)
+#define ODIE_ADDR_IO(i)  ((i) + 4)
+#define ODIE_DATA_IO(i)  ((i) + 5)
+#define CODEC_IO(i)      ((i) + 8)
+
+#define IC_ODIE  1
+#define IC_OPUS  2
+
+#define RX_READY 0x01
+#define TX_READY 0x02
+
+#define CMD_ACK           0x80
+#define CMD_SET_MIDI_VOL  0x84
+#define CMD_GET_MIDI_VOL  0x85
+#define CMD_XXX_MIDI_VOL  0x86
+#define CMD_SET_EXTMIDI   0x8a
+#define CMD_GET_EXTMIDI   0x8b
+#define CMD_SET_MT32      0x8c
+#define CMD_GET_MT32      0x8d
+
+enum GA_REG {
+        GA_INTSTAT_REG = 0,
+        GA_INTENA_REG,
+        GA_DMAA_REG,
+        GA_DMAB_REG,
+        GA_INTCFG_REG,
+        GA_DMACFG_REG,
+        GA_CDCFG_REG,
+        GA_SMCFGA_REG,
+        GA_SMCFGB_REG,
+        GA_HMCTL_REG
+};
+
+#define DMA_8BIT  0x80
+
+
+#define AD1845_FREQ_SEL_MSB    0x16
+#define AD1845_FREQ_SEL_LSB    0x17
+
+struct soundscape {
+        spinlock_t lock;
+        unsigned io_base;
+        int codec_type;
+        int ic_type;
+        struct resource *io_res;
+        cs4231_t *chip;
+        mpu401_t *mpu;
+        snd_hwdep_t *hw;
+
+        /*
+         * The MIDI device won't work until we've loaded
+         * its firmware via a hardware-dependent device IOCTL
+         */
+        spinlock_t fwlock;
+        int hw_in_use;
+        unsigned long midi_usage;
+        unsigned char midi_vol;
+};
+
+#define INVALID_IRQ  ((unsigned)-1)
+
+
+static inline struct soundscape *get_card_soundscape(snd_card_t * c)
+{
+        return (struct soundscape *) (c->private_data);
+}
+
+static inline struct soundscape *get_mpu401_soundscape(mpu401_t * mpu)
+{
+        return (struct soundscape *) (mpu->private_data);
+}
+
+static inline struct soundscape *get_hwdep_soundscape(snd_hwdep_t * hw)
+{
+        return (struct soundscape *) (hw->private_data);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Allocates some kernel memory that we can use for DMA.
+ * I think this means that the memory has to map to
+ * contiguous pages of physical memory.
+ */
+static struct snd_dma_buffer *get_dmabuf(struct snd_dma_buffer *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+        if (buf) {
+                if (snd_dma_alloc_pages_fallback(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_isa_data(),
+                                                 size, buf) < 0) {
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Failed to allocate %lu bytes for DMA\n", size);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Release the DMA-able kernel memory ...
+ */
+static void free_dmabuf(struct snd_dma_buffer *buf)
+{
+        if (buf && buf->area)
+                snd_dma_free_pages(buf);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * This function writes to the SoundScape's control registers,
+ * but doesn't do any locking. It's up to the caller to do that.
+ * This is why this function is "unsafe" ...
+ */
+static inline void sscape_write_unsafe(unsigned io_base, enum GA_REG reg, unsigned char val)
+{
+        outb(reg, ODIE_ADDR_IO(io_base));
+        outb(val, ODIE_DATA_IO(io_base));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write to the SoundScape's control registers, and do the
+ * necessary locking ...
+ */
+static void sscape_write(struct soundscape *s, enum GA_REG reg, unsigned char val)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, reg, val);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read from the SoundScape's control registers, but leave any
+ * locking to the caller. This is why the function is "unsafe" ...
+ */
+static inline unsigned char sscape_read_unsafe(unsigned io_base, enum GA_REG reg)
+{
+        outb(reg, ODIE_ADDR_IO(io_base));
+        return inb(ODIE_DATA_IO(io_base));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Puts the SoundScape into "host" mode, as compared to "MIDI" mode
+ */
+static inline void set_host_mode_unsafe(unsigned io_base)
+{
+        outb(0x0, HOST_CTRL_IO(io_base));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Puts the SoundScape into "MIDI" mode, as compared to "host" mode
+ */
+static inline void set_midi_mode_unsafe(unsigned io_base)
+{
+        outb(0x3, HOST_CTRL_IO(io_base));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the SoundScape's host-mode control register, but leave
+ * any locking issues to the caller ...
+ */
+static inline int host_read_unsafe(unsigned io_base)
+{
+        int data = -1;
+        if ((inb(HOST_CTRL_IO(io_base)) & RX_READY) != 0) {
+                data = inb(HOST_DATA_IO(io_base));
+        }
+
+        return data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the SoundScape's host-mode control register, performing
+ * a limited amount of busy-waiting if the register isn't ready.
+ * Also leaves all locking-issues to the caller ...
+ */
+static int host_read_ctrl_unsafe(unsigned io_base, unsigned timeout)
+{
+        int data;
+
+        while (((data = host_read_unsafe(io_base)) < 0) && (timeout != 0)) {
+                udelay(100);
+                --timeout;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write to the SoundScape's host-mode control registers, but
+ * leave any locking issues to the caller ...
+ */
+static inline int host_write_unsafe(unsigned io_base, unsigned char data)
+{
+        if ((inb(HOST_CTRL_IO(io_base)) & TX_READY) != 0) {
+                outb(data, HOST_DATA_IO(io_base));
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write to the SoundScape's host-mode control registers, performing
+ * a limited amount of busy-waiting if the register isn't ready.
+ * Also leaves all locking-issues to the caller ...
+ */
+static int host_write_ctrl_unsafe(unsigned io_base, unsigned char data,
+                                  unsigned timeout)
+{
+        int err;
+
+        while (!(err = host_write_unsafe(io_base, data)) && (timeout != 0)) {
+                udelay(100);
+                --timeout;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Check that the MIDI subsystem is operational. If it isn't,
+ * then we will hang the computer if we try to use it ...
+ *
+ * NOTE: This check is based upon observation, not documentation.
+ */
+static inline int verify_mpu401(const mpu401_t * mpu)
+{
+        return ((inb(MIDI_CTRL_IO(mpu->port)) & 0xc0) == 0x80);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is apparently the standard way to initailise an MPU-401
+ */
+static inline void initialise_mpu401(const mpu401_t * mpu)
+{
+        outb(0, MIDI_DATA_IO(mpu->port));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tell the SoundScape to activate the AD1845 chip (I think).
+ * The AD1845 detection fails if we *don't* do this, so I
+ * think that this is a good idea ...
+ */
+static inline void activate_ad1845_unsafe(unsigned io_base)
+{
+        sscape_write_unsafe(io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG, (sscape_read_unsafe(io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG) & 0xcf) | 0x10);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(io_base, GA_CDCFG_REG, 0x80);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do the necessary ALSA-level cleanup to deallocate our driver ...
+ */
+static void soundscape_free(snd_card_t * c)
+{
+        register struct soundscape *sscape = get_card_soundscape(c);
+        release_resource(sscape->io_res);
+        kfree_nocheck(sscape->io_res);
+        free_dma(sscape->chip->dma1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put this process into an idle wait-state for a certain number
+ * of "jiffies". The process can almost certainly be rescheduled
+ * while we're waiting, and so we must NOT be holding any spinlocks
+ * when we call this function. If we are then we risk DEADLOCK in
+ * SMP (Ha!) or pre-emptible kernels.
+ */
+static inline void sleep(long jiffs, int state)
+{
+        set_current_state(state);
+        schedule_timeout(jiffs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tell the SoundScape to begin a DMA tranfer using the given channel.
+ * All locking issues are left to the caller.
+ */
+static inline void sscape_start_dma_unsafe(unsigned io_base, enum GA_REG reg)
+{
+        sscape_write_unsafe(io_base, reg, sscape_read_unsafe(io_base, reg) | 0x01);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(io_base, reg, sscape_read_unsafe(io_base, reg) & 0xfe);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for a DMA transfer to complete. This is a "limited busy-wait",
+ * and all locking issues are left to the caller.
+ */
+static int sscape_wait_dma_unsafe(unsigned io_base, enum GA_REG reg, unsigned timeout)
+{
+        while (!(sscape_read_unsafe(io_base, reg) & 0x01) && (timeout != 0)) {
+                udelay(100);
+                --timeout;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return (sscape_read_unsafe(io_base, reg) & 0x01);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for the On-Board Processor to return its start-up
+ * acknowledgement sequence. This wait is too long for
+ * us to perform "busy-waiting", and so we must sleep.
+ * This in turn means that we must not be holding any
+ * spinlocks when we call this function.
+ */
+static int obp_startup_ack(struct soundscape *s, unsigned timeout)
+{
+        while (timeout != 0) {
+                unsigned long flags;
+                unsigned char x;
+
+                sleep(1, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+                x = inb(HOST_DATA_IO(s->io_base));
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+                if ((x & 0xfe) == 0xfe)
+                        return 1;
+
+                --timeout;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for the host to return its start-up acknowledgement
+ * sequence. This wait is too long for us to perform
+ * "busy-waiting", and so we must sleep. This in turn means
+ * that we must not be holding any spinlocks when we call
+ * this function.
+ */
+static int host_startup_ack(struct soundscape *s, unsigned timeout)
+{
+        while (timeout != 0) {
+                unsigned long flags;
+                unsigned char x;
+
+                sleep(1, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+                x = inb(HOST_DATA_IO(s->io_base));
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+                if (x == 0xfe)
+                        return 1;
+
+                --timeout;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Upload a byte-stream into the SoundScape using DMA channel A.
+ */
+static int upload_dma_data(struct soundscape *s,
+                           const unsigned char __user *data,
+                           size_t size)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        struct snd_dma_buffer dma;
+        int ret;
+
+        if (!get_dmabuf(&dma, PAGE_ALIGN(size)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * Reset the board ...
+         */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG, sscape_read_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG) & 0x3f);
+
+        /*
+         * Enable the DMA channels and configure them ...
+         */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_DMACFG_REG, 0x50);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_DMAA_REG, (s->chip->dma1 << 4) | DMA_8BIT);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_DMAB_REG, 0x20);
+
+        /*
+         * Take the board out of reset ...
+         */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG, sscape_read_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG) | 0x80);
+
+        /*
+         * Upload the user's data (firmware?) to the SoundScape
+         * board through the DMA channel ...
+         */
+        while (size != 0) {
+                unsigned long len;
+
+                /*
+                 * Apparently, copying to/from userspace can sleep.
+                 * We are therefore forbidden from holding any
+                 * spinlocks while we copy ...
+                 */
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+
+                /*
+                 * Remember that the data that we want to DMA
+                 * comes from USERSPACE. We have already verified
+                 * the userspace pointer ...
+                 */
+                len = min(size, dma.bytes);
+                len -= __copy_from_user(dma.area, data, len);
+                data += len;
+                size -= len;
+
+                /*
+                 * Grab that spinlock again, now that we've
+                 * finished copying!
+                 */
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+
+                snd_dma_program(s->chip->dma1, dma.addr, len, DMA_MODE_WRITE);
+                sscape_start_dma_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_DMAA_REG);
+                if (!sscape_wait_dma_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_DMAA_REG, 5000)) {
+                        /*
+                         * Don't forget to release this spinlock we're holding ...
+                         */
+                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: DMA upload has timed out\n");
+                        ret = -EAGAIN;
+                        goto _release_dma;
+                }
+        } /* while */
+
+        set_host_mode_unsafe(s->io_base);
+
+        /*
+         * Boot the board ... (I think)
+         */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG, sscape_read_unsafe(s->io_base, GA_HMCTL_REG) | 0x40);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * If all has gone well, then the board should acknowledge
+         * the new upload and tell us that it has rebooted OK. We
+         * give it 5 seconds (max) ...
+         */
+        ret = 0;
+        if (!obp_startup_ack(s, 5)) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: No response from on-board processor after upload\n");
+                ret = -EAGAIN;
+        } else if (!host_startup_ack(s, 5)) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: SoundScape failed to initialise\n");
+                ret = -EAGAIN;
+        }
+
+        _release_dma:
+        /*
+         * NOTE!!! We are NOT holding any spinlocks at this point !!!
+         */
+        sscape_write(s, GA_DMAA_REG, (s->ic_type == IC_ODIE ? 0x70 : 0x40));
+        free_dmabuf(&dma);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Upload the bootblock(?) into the SoundScape. The only
+ * purpose of this block of code seems to be to tell
+ * us which version of the microcode we should be using.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The boot-block data resides in USER-SPACE!!!
+ *       However, we have already verified its memory
+ *       addresses by the time we get here.
+ */
+static int sscape_upload_bootblock(struct soundscape *sscape, struct sscape_bootblock __user *bb)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        int data = 0;
+        int ret;
+
+        ret = upload_dma_data(sscape, bb->code, sizeof(bb->code));
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->lock, flags);
+        if (ret == 0) {
+                data = host_read_ctrl_unsafe(sscape->io_base, 100);
+        }
+        set_midi_mode_unsafe(sscape->io_base);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->lock, flags);
+
+        if (ret == 0) {
+                if (data < 0) {
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: timeout reading firmware version\n");
+                        ret = -EAGAIN;
+                }
+                else if (__copy_to_user(&bb->version, &data, sizeof(bb->version))) {
+                        ret = -EFAULT;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Upload the microcode into the SoundScape. The
+ * microcode is 64K of data, and if we try to copy
+ * it into a local variable then we will SMASH THE
+ * KERNEL'S STACK! We therefore leave it in USER
+ * SPACE, and save ourselves from copying it at all.
+ */
+static int sscape_upload_microcode(struct soundscape *sscape,
+                                   const struct sscape_microcode __user *mc)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        char __user *code;
+        int err;
+
+        /*
+         * We are going to have to copy this data into a special
+         * DMA-able buffer before we can upload it. We shall therefore
+         * just check that the data pointer is valid for now.
+         *
+         * NOTE: This buffer is 64K long! That's WAY too big to
+         *       copy into a stack-temporary anyway.
+         */
+        if ( get_user(code, &mc->code) ||
+             !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, code, SSCAPE_MICROCODE_SIZE) )
+                return -EFAULT;
+
+        if ((err = upload_dma_data(sscape, code, SSCAPE_MICROCODE_SIZE)) == 0) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_INFO "sscape: MIDI firmware loaded\n");
+        }
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->lock, flags);
+        set_midi_mode_unsafe(sscape->io_base);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->lock, flags);
+
+        initialise_mpu401(sscape->mpu);
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hardware-specific device functions, to implement special
+ * IOCTLs for the SoundScape card. This is how we upload
+ * the microcode into the card, for example, and so we
+ * must ensure that no two processes can open this device
+ * simultaneously, and that we can't open it at all if
+ * someone is using the MIDI device.
+ */
+static int sscape_hw_open(snd_hwdep_t * hw, struct file *file)
+{
+        register struct soundscape *sscape = get_hwdep_soundscape(hw);
+        unsigned long flags;
+        int err;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+
+        if ((sscape->midi_usage != 0) || sscape->hw_in_use) {
+                err = -EBUSY;
+        } else {
+                sscape->hw_in_use = 1;
+                err = 0;
+        }
+
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+        return err;
+}
+
+static int sscape_hw_release(snd_hwdep_t * hw, struct file *file)
+{
+        register struct soundscape *sscape = get_hwdep_soundscape(hw);
+        unsigned long flags;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+        sscape->hw_in_use = 0;
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int sscape_hw_ioctl(snd_hwdep_t * hw, struct file *file,
+                           unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+        struct soundscape *sscape = get_hwdep_soundscape(hw);
+        int err = -EBUSY;
+
+        switch (cmd) {
+        case SND_SSCAPE_LOAD_BOOTB:
+                {
+                        register struct sscape_bootblock __user *bb = (struct sscape_bootblock __user *) arg;
+
+                        /*
+                         * We are going to have to copy this data into a special
+                         * DMA-able buffer before we can upload it. We shall therefore
+                         * just check that the data pointer is valid for now ...
+                         */
+                        if ( !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, bb->code, sizeof(bb->code)) )
+                                return -EFAULT;
+
+                        /*
+                         * Now check that we can write the firmware version number too...
+                         */
+                        if ( !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, &bb->version, sizeof(bb->version)) )
+                                return -EFAULT;
+
+                        err = sscape_upload_bootblock(sscape, bb);
+                }
+                break;
+
+        case SND_SSCAPE_LOAD_MCODE:
+                {
+                        register const struct sscape_microcode __user *mc = (const struct sscape_microcode __user *) arg;
+
+                        err = sscape_upload_microcode(sscape, mc);
+                }
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                err = -EINVAL;
+                break;
+        } /* switch */
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Mixer control for the SoundScape's MIDI device.
+ */
+static int sscape_midi_info(snd_kcontrol_t * ctl,
+                            snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
+{
+        uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+        uinfo->count = 1;
+        uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+        uinfo->value.integer.max = 127;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int sscape_midi_get(snd_kcontrol_t * kctl,
+                           snd_ctl_elem_value_t * uctl)
+{
+        cs4231_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kctl);
+        snd_card_t *card = chip->card;
+        register struct soundscape *s = get_card_soundscape(card);
+        unsigned long flags;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+        set_host_mode_unsafe(s->io_base);
+
+        if (host_write_ctrl_unsafe(s->io_base, CMD_GET_MIDI_VOL, 100)) {
+                uctl->value.integer.value[0] = host_read_ctrl_unsafe(s->io_base, 100);
+        }
+
+        set_midi_mode_unsafe(s->io_base);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int sscape_midi_put(snd_kcontrol_t * kctl,
+                           snd_ctl_elem_value_t * uctl)
+{
+        cs4231_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kctl);
+        snd_card_t *card = chip->card;
+        register struct soundscape *s = get_card_soundscape(card);
+        unsigned long flags;
+        int change;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * We need to put the board into HOST mode before we
+         * can send any volume-changing HOST commands ...
+         */
+        set_host_mode_unsafe(s->io_base);
+
+        /*
+         * To successfully change the MIDI volume setting, you seem to
+         * have to write a volume command, write the new volume value,
+         * and then perform another volume-related command. Perhaps the
+         * first command is an "open" and the second command is a "close"?
+         */
+        if (s->midi_vol == ((unsigned char) uctl->value.integer. value[0] & 127)) {
+                change = 0;
+                goto __skip_change;
+        }
+        change = (host_write_ctrl_unsafe(s->io_base, CMD_SET_MIDI_VOL, 100)
+                  && host_write_ctrl_unsafe(s->io_base, ((unsigned char) uctl->value.integer. value[0]) & 127, 100)
+                  && host_write_ctrl_unsafe(s->io_base, CMD_XXX_MIDI_VOL, 100));
+      __skip_change:
+
+        /*
+         * Take the board out of HOST mode and back into MIDI mode ...
+         */
+        set_midi_mode_unsafe(s->io_base);
+
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+        return change;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t midi_mixer_ctl = {
+        .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+        .name = "MIDI",
+        .info = sscape_midi_info,
+        .get = sscape_midi_get,
+        .put = sscape_midi_put
+};
+
+/*
+ * The SoundScape can use two IRQs from a possible set of four.
+ * These IRQs are encoded as bit patterns so that they can be
+ * written to the control registers.
+ */
+static unsigned __devinit get_irq_config(int irq)
+{
+        static const int valid_irq[] = { 9, 5, 7, 10 };
+        unsigned cfg;
+
+        for (cfg = 0; cfg < ARRAY_SIZE(valid_irq); ++cfg) {
+                if (irq == valid_irq[cfg])
+                        return cfg;
+        } /* for */
+
+        return INVALID_IRQ;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Perform certain arcane port-checks to see whether there
+ * is a SoundScape board lurking behind the given ports.
+ */
+static int __devinit detect_sscape(struct soundscape *s)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        unsigned d;
+        int retval = 0;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&s->lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * The following code is lifted from the original OSS driver,
+         * and as I don't have a datasheet I cannot really comment
+         * on what it is doing...
+         */
+        if ((inb(HOST_CTRL_IO(s->io_base)) & 0x78) != 0)
+                goto _done;
+
+        d = inb(ODIE_ADDR_IO(s->io_base)) & 0xf0;
+        if ((d & 0x80) != 0)
+                goto _done;
+
+        if (d == 0) {
+                s->codec_type = 1;
+                s->ic_type = IC_ODIE;
+        } else if ((d & 0x60) != 0) {
+                s->codec_type = 2;
+                s->ic_type = IC_OPUS;
+        } else
+                goto _done;
+
+        outb(0xfa, ODIE_ADDR_IO(s->io_base));
+        if ((inb(ODIE_ADDR_IO(s->io_base)) & 0x9f) != 0x0a)
+                goto _done;
+
+        outb(0xfe, ODIE_ADDR_IO(s->io_base));
+        if ((inb(ODIE_ADDR_IO(s->io_base)) & 0x9f) != 0x0e)
+                goto _done;
+        if ((inb(ODIE_DATA_IO(s->io_base)) & 0x9f) != 0x0e)
+                goto _done;
+
+        /*
+         * SoundScape successfully detected!
+         */
+        retval = 1;
+
+        _done:
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&s->lock, flags);
+        return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ALSA callback function, called when attempting to open the MIDI device.
+ * Check that the MIDI firmware has been loaded, because we don't want
+ * to crash the machine. Also check that someone isn't using the hardware
+ * IOCTL device.
+ */
+static int mpu401_open(mpu401_t * mpu)
+{
+        int err;
+
+        if (!verify_mpu401(mpu)) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: MIDI disabled, please load firmware\n");
+                err = -ENODEV;
+        } else {
+                register struct soundscape *sscape = get_mpu401_soundscape(mpu);
+                unsigned long flags;
+
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+
+                if (sscape->hw_in_use || (sscape->midi_usage == ULONG_MAX)) {
+                        err = -EBUSY;
+                } else {
+                        ++(sscape->midi_usage);
+                        err = 0;
+                }
+
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+        }
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+static void mpu401_close(mpu401_t * mpu)
+{
+        register struct soundscape *sscape = get_mpu401_soundscape(mpu);
+        unsigned long flags;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+        --(sscape->midi_usage);
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->fwlock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialse an MPU-401 subdevice for MIDI support on the SoundScape.
+ */
+static int __devinit create_mpu401(snd_card_t * card, int devnum, unsigned long port, int irq)
+{
+        struct soundscape *sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
+        snd_rawmidi_t *rawmidi;
+        int err;
+
+#define MPU401_SHARE_HARDWARE  1
+        if ((err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, devnum,
+                                       MPU401_HW_MPU401,
+                                       port, MPU401_SHARE_HARDWARE,
+                                       irq, SA_INTERRUPT,
+                                       &rawmidi)) == 0) {
+                mpu401_t *mpu = (mpu401_t *) rawmidi->private_data;
+                mpu->open_input = mpu401_open;
+                mpu->open_output = mpu401_open;
+                mpu->close_input = mpu401_close;
+                mpu->close_output = mpu401_close;
+                mpu->private_data = sscape;
+                sscape->mpu = mpu;
+
+                initialise_mpu401(mpu);
+        }
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Override for the CS4231 playback format function.
+ * The AD1845 has much simpler format and rate selection.
+ */
+static void ad1845_playback_format(cs4231_t * chip, snd_pcm_hw_params_t * params, unsigned char format)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        unsigned rate = params_rate(params);
+
+        /*
+         * The AD1845 can't handle sample frequencies
+         * outside of 4 kHZ to 50 kHZ
+         */
+        if (rate > 50000)
+                rate = 50000;
+        else if (rate < 4000)
+                rate = 4000;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * Program the AD1845 correctly for the playback stream.
+         * Note that we do NOT need to toggle the MCE bit because
+         * the PLAYBACK_ENABLE bit of the Interface Configuration
+         * register is set.
+         * 
+         * NOTE: We seem to need to write to the MSB before the LSB
+         *       to get the correct sample frequency.
+         */
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, CS4231_PLAYBK_FORMAT, (format & 0xf0));
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_FREQ_SEL_MSB, (unsigned char) (rate >> 8));
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_FREQ_SEL_LSB, (unsigned char) rate);
+
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Override for the CS4231 capture format function. 
+ * The AD1845 has much simpler format and rate selection.
+ */
+static void ad1845_capture_format(cs4231_t * chip, snd_pcm_hw_params_t * params, unsigned char format)
+{
+        unsigned long flags;
+        unsigned rate = params_rate(params);
+
+        /*
+         * The AD1845 can't handle sample frequencies 
+         * outside of 4 kHZ to 50 kHZ
+         */
+        if (rate > 50000)
+                rate = 50000;
+        else if (rate < 4000)
+                rate = 4000;
+
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * Program the AD1845 correctly for the playback stream.
+         * Note that we do NOT need to toggle the MCE bit because
+         * the CAPTURE_ENABLE bit of the Interface Configuration
+         * register is set.
+         *
+         * NOTE: We seem to need to write to the MSB before the LSB
+         *       to get the correct sample frequency.
+         */
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, CS4231_REC_FORMAT, (format & 0xf0));
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_FREQ_SEL_MSB, (unsigned char) (rate >> 8));
+        snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_FREQ_SEL_LSB, (unsigned char) rate);
+
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create an AD1845 PCM subdevice on the SoundScape. The AD1845
+ * is very much like a CS4231, with a few extra bits. We will
+ * try to support at least some of the extra bits by overriding
+ * some of the CS4231 callback.
+ */
+static int __devinit create_ad1845(snd_card_t * card, unsigned port, int irq, int dma1)
+{
+        register struct soundscape *sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
+        cs4231_t *chip;
+        int err;
+
+#define CS4231_SHARE_HARDWARE  (CS4231_HWSHARE_DMA1 | CS4231_HWSHARE_DMA2)
+        /*
+         * The AD1845 PCM device is only half-duplex, and so
+         * we only give it one DMA channel ...
+         */
+        if ((err = snd_cs4231_create(card,
+                                     port, -1, irq, dma1, dma1,
+                                     CS4231_HW_DETECT,
+                                     CS4231_HWSHARE_DMA1, &chip)) == 0) {
+                unsigned long flags;
+                snd_pcm_t *pcm;
+
+#define AD1845_FREQ_SEL_ENABLE  0x08
+
+#define AD1845_PWR_DOWN_CTRL   0x1b
+#define AD1845_CRYS_CLOCK_SEL  0x1d
+
+/*
+ * It turns out that the PLAYBACK_ENABLE bit is set
+ * by the lowlevel driver ...
+ *
+#define AD1845_IFACE_CONFIG  \
+           (CS4231_AUTOCALIB | CS4231_RECORD_ENABLE | CS4231_PLAYBACK_ENABLE)
+    snd_cs4231_mce_up(chip);
+    spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+    snd_cs4231_out(chip, CS4231_IFACE_CTRL, AD1845_IFACE_CONFIG);
+    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+    snd_cs4231_mce_down(chip);
+ */
+
+                /*
+                 * The input clock frequency on the SoundScape must
+                 * be 14.31818 MHz, because we must set this register
+                 * to get the playback to sound correct ...
+                 */
+                snd_cs4231_mce_up(chip);
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+                snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_CRYS_CLOCK_SEL, 0x20);
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+                snd_cs4231_mce_down(chip);
+
+                /*
+                 * More custom configuration:
+                 * a) select "mode 2", and provide a current drive of 8 mA
+                 * b) enable frequency selection (for capture/playback)
+                 */
+                spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+                snd_cs4231_out(chip, CS4231_MISC_INFO, (CS4231_MODE2 | 0x10));
+                snd_cs4231_out(chip, AD1845_PWR_DOWN_CTRL, snd_cs4231_in(chip, AD1845_PWR_DOWN_CTRL) | AD1845_FREQ_SEL_ENABLE);
+                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
+
+                if ((err = snd_cs4231_pcm(chip, 0, &pcm)) < 0) {
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: No PCM device for AD1845 chip\n");
+                        goto _error;
+                }
+
+                if ((err = snd_cs4231_mixer(chip)) < 0) {
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: No mixer device for AD1845 chip\n");
+                        goto _error;
+                }
+
+                if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&midi_mixer_ctl, chip))) < 0) {
+                        snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Could not create MIDI mixer control\n");
+                        goto _error;
+                }
+
+                strcpy(card->driver, "SoundScape");
+                strcpy(card->shortname, pcm->name);
+                snprintf(card->longname, sizeof(card->longname),
+                         "%s at 0x%lx, IRQ %d, DMA %d\n",
+                         pcm->name, chip->port, chip->irq, chip->dma1);
+                chip->set_playback_format = ad1845_playback_format;
+                chip->set_capture_format = ad1845_capture_format;
+                sscape->chip = chip;
+        }
+
+        _error:
+        return err;
+}
+
+
+struct params
+{
+        int index;
+        const char *id;
+        unsigned port;
+        int irq;
+        int mpu_irq;
+        int dma1;
+};
+
+
+static inline struct params*
+init_params(struct params *params,
+            int index,
+            const char *id,
+            unsigned port,
+            int irq,
+            int mpu_irq,
+            int dma1)
+{
+        params->index = index;
+        params->id = id;
+        params->port = port;
+        params->irq = irq;
+        params->mpu_irq = mpu_irq;  
+        params->dma1 = (dma1 & 0x03);
+
+        return params;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Create an ALSA soundcard entry for the SoundScape, using
+ * the given list of port, IRQ and DMA resources.
+ */
+static int __devinit create_sscape(const struct params *params, snd_card_t **rcardp)
+{
+        snd_card_t *card;
+        register struct soundscape *sscape;
+        register unsigned dma_cfg;
+        unsigned irq_cfg;
+        unsigned mpu_irq_cfg;
+        struct resource *io_res;
+        unsigned long flags;
+        int err;
+
+        /*
+         * Check that the user didn't pass us garbage data ...
+         */
+        irq_cfg = get_irq_config(params->irq);
+        if (irq_cfg == INVALID_IRQ) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Invalid IRQ %d\n", params->irq);
+                return -ENXIO;
+        }
+
+        mpu_irq_cfg = get_irq_config(params->mpu_irq);
+        if (mpu_irq_cfg == INVALID_IRQ) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Invalid IRQ %d\n", params->mpu_irq);
+                return -ENXIO;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Grab IO ports that we will need to probe so that we
+         * can detect and control this hardware ...
+         */
+        if ((io_res = request_region(params->port, 8, "SoundScape")) == NULL) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: can't grab port 0x%x\n", params->port);
+                return -EBUSY;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Grab both DMA channels (OK, only one for now) ...
+         */
+        if ((err = request_dma(params->dma1, "SoundScape")) < 0) {
+                snd_printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: can't grab DMA %d\n", params->dma1);
+                goto _release_region;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Create a new ALSA sound card entry, in anticipation
+         * of detecting our hardware ...
+         */
+        if ((card = snd_card_new(params->index, params->id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct soundscape))) == NULL) {
+                err = -ENOMEM;
+                goto _release_dma;
+        }
+
+        sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
+        spin_lock_init(&sscape->lock);
+        spin_lock_init(&sscape->fwlock);
+        sscape->io_res = io_res;
+        sscape->io_base = params->port;
+
+        if (!detect_sscape(sscape)) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: hardware not detected at 0x%x\n", sscape->io_base);
+                err = -ENODEV;
+                goto _release_card;
+        }
+
+        printk(KERN_INFO "sscape: hardware detected at 0x%x, using IRQ %d, DMA %d\n",
+                         sscape->io_base, params->irq, params->dma1);
+
+        /*
+         * Now create the hardware-specific device so that we can
+         * load the microcode into the on-board processor.
+         * We cannot use the MPU-401 MIDI system until this firmware
+         * has been loaded into the card.
+         */
+        if ((err = snd_hwdep_new(card, "MC68EC000", 0, &(sscape->hw))) < 0) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Failed to create firmware device\n");
+                goto _release_card;
+        }
+        strlcpy(sscape->hw->name, "SoundScape M68K", sizeof(sscape->hw->name));
+        sscape->hw->name[sizeof(sscape->hw->name) - 1] = '\0';
+        sscape->hw->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_SSCAPE;
+        sscape->hw->ops.open = sscape_hw_open;
+        sscape->hw->ops.release = sscape_hw_release;
+        sscape->hw->ops.ioctl = sscape_hw_ioctl;
+        sscape->hw->private_data = sscape;
+
+        /*
+         * Tell the on-board devices where their resources are (I think -
+         * I can't be sure without a datasheet ... So many magic values!)
+         */
+        spin_lock_irqsave(&sscape->lock, flags);
+
+        activate_ad1845_unsafe(sscape->io_base);
+
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_INTENA_REG, 0x00); /* disable */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_SMCFGA_REG, 0x2e);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_SMCFGB_REG, 0x00);
+
+        /*
+         * Enable and configure the DMA channels ...
+         */
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_DMACFG_REG, 0x50);
+        dma_cfg = (sscape->ic_type == IC_ODIE ? 0x70 : 0x40);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_DMAA_REG, dma_cfg);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base, GA_DMAB_REG, 0x20);
+
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base,
+                            GA_INTCFG_REG, 0xf0 | (mpu_irq_cfg << 2) | mpu_irq_cfg);
+        sscape_write_unsafe(sscape->io_base,
+                            GA_CDCFG_REG, 0x09 | DMA_8BIT | (params->dma1 << 4) | (irq_cfg << 1));
+
+        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sscape->lock, flags);
+
+        /*
+         * We have now enabled the codec chip, and so we should
+         * detect the AD1845 device ...
+         */
+        if ((err = create_ad1845(card, CODEC_IO(params->port), params->irq, params->dma1)) < 0) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: No AD1845 device at 0x%x, IRQ %d\n",
+                                CODEC_IO(params->port), params->irq);
+                goto _release_card;
+        }
+#define MIDI_DEVNUM  0
+        if ((err = create_mpu401(card, MIDI_DEVNUM, MPU401_IO(params->port), params->mpu_irq)) < 0) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Failed to create MPU-401 device at 0x%x\n",
+                                MPU401_IO(params->port));
+                goto _release_card;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Enable the master IRQ ...
+         */
+        sscape_write(sscape, GA_INTENA_REG, 0x80);
+
+        if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: Failed to register sound card\n");
+                goto _release_card;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Initialize mixer
+         */
+        sscape->midi_vol = 0;
+        host_write_ctrl_unsafe(sscape->io_base, CMD_SET_MIDI_VOL, 100);
+        host_write_ctrl_unsafe(sscape->io_base, 0, 100);
+        host_write_ctrl_unsafe(sscape->io_base, CMD_XXX_MIDI_VOL, 100);
+
+        /*
+         * Now that we have successfully created this sound card,
+         * it is safe to store the pointer.
+         * NOTE: we only register the sound card's "destructor"
+         *       function now that our "constructor" has completed.
+         */
+        card->private_free = soundscape_free;
+        *rcardp = card;
+
+        return 0;
+
+        _release_card:
+        snd_card_free(card);
+
+        _release_dma:
+        free_dma(params->dma1);
+
+        _release_region:
+        release_resource(io_res);
+        kfree_nocheck(io_res);
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+
+static int sscape_cards __devinitdata;
+static struct params sscape_params[SNDRV_CARDS] __devinitdata;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+static inline int __devinit get_next_autoindex(int i)
+{
+        while ((i < SNDRV_CARDS) && (port[i] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)) {
+                ++i;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return i;
+}
+
+
+static inline int __devinit is_port_known(unsigned io, struct params *params, int cards)
+{
+        while (--cards >= 0) {
+                if (params[cards].port == io)
+                        return 1;
+        } /* while */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int __devinit sscape_pnp_detect(struct pnp_card_link *pcard,
+                                       const struct pnp_card_device_id *pid)
+{
+        struct pnp_dev *dev;
+        static int idx = 0;
+        int ret;
+
+        /*
+         * Allow this function to fail *quietly* if all the ISA PnP
+         * devices were configured using module parameters instead.
+         */
+        if ((idx = get_next_autoindex(idx)) >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
+                return -ENOSPC;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * We have found a candidate ISA PnP card. Now we
+         * have to check that it has the devices that we
+         * expect it to have.
+         *
+         * We will NOT try and autoconfigure all of the resources
+         * needed and then activate the card as we are assuming that
+         * has already been done at boot-time using /proc/isapnp.
+         * We shall simply try to give each active card the resources
+         * that it wants. This is a sensible strategy for a modular
+         * system where unused modules are unloaded regularly.
+         *
+         * This strategy is utterly useless if we compile the driver
+         * into the kernel, of course.
+         */
+        // printk(KERN_INFO "sscape: %s\n", card->name);
+
+        /*
+         * Check that we still have room for another sound card ...
+         */
+        if (sscape_cards >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "sscape: No room for another ALSA device\n");
+                return -ENOSPC;
+        }
+
+        ret = -ENODEV;
+
+        dev = pnp_request_card_device(pcard, pid->devs[0].id, NULL);
+        if (dev) {
+                struct params *this;
+                if (!pnp_is_active(dev)) {
+                        if (pnp_activate_dev(dev) < 0) {
+                                printk(KERN_INFO "sscape: device is inactive\n");
+                                return -EBUSY;
+                        }
+                }
+                /*
+                 * Read the correct parameters off the ISA PnP bus ...
+                 */
+                this = init_params(&sscape_params[sscape_cards],
+                                   index[idx],
+                                   id[idx],
+                                   pnp_port_start(dev, 0),
+                                   pnp_irq(dev, 0),
+                                   pnp_irq(dev, 1),
+                                   pnp_dma(dev, 0));
+
+                /*
+                 * Do we know about this sound card already?
+                 */
+                if ( !is_port_known(this->port, sscape_params, sscape_cards) ) {
+                        snd_card_t *card;
+
+                        ret = create_sscape(this, &card);
+                        if (ret < 0)
+                                return ret;
+                        snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
+                        pnp_set_card_drvdata(pcard, card);
+                        ++sscape_cards;
+                        ++idx;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static void __devexit sscape_pnp_remove(struct pnp_card_link * pcard)
+{
+        snd_card_t *card = (snd_card_t *) pnp_get_card_drvdata(pcard);
+        
+        pnp_set_card_drvdata(pcard, NULL);
+        snd_card_disconnect(card);
+        snd_card_free_in_thread(card);
+}
+
+static struct pnp_card_driver sscape_pnpc_driver = {
+        .flags = PNP_DRIVER_RES_DO_NOT_CHANGE,
+        .name = "sscape",
+        .id_table = sscape_pnpids,
+        .probe = sscape_pnp_detect,
+        .remove = __devexit_p(sscape_pnp_remove),
+};
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_PNP */
+
+static int __init sscape_manual_probe(struct params *params)
+{
+        int ret;
+        unsigned i;
+        snd_card_t *card;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; ++i) {
+                /*
+                 * We do NOT probe for ports.
+                 * If we're not given a port number for this
+                 * card then we completely ignore this line
+                 * of parameters.
+                 */
+                if (port[i] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
+                        continue;
+
+                /*
+                 * Make sure we were given ALL of the other parameters.
+                 */
+                if ( (irq[i] == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) ||
+                     (mpu_irq[i] == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) ||
+                     (dma[i] == SNDRV_AUTO_DMA) ) {
+                        printk(KERN_INFO
+                               "sscape: insufficient parameters, need IO, IRQ, MPU-IRQ and DMA\n");
+                        return -ENXIO;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * This cards looks OK ...
+                 */
+                init_params(params, index[i], id[i], port[i], irq[i], mpu_irq[i], dma[i]);
+
+                ret = create_sscape(params, &card);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        return ret;
+
+                sscape_card[sscape_cards] = card;
+                params++;
+                sscape_cards++;
+        } /* for */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void sscape_exit(void)
+{
+        unsigned i;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+        pnp_unregister_card_driver(&sscape_pnpc_driver);
+#endif
+        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sscape_card); ++i) {
+                snd_card_free(sscape_card[i]);
+        } /* for */
+}
+
+
+static int __init sscape_init(void)
+{
+        int ret;
+
+        /*
+         * First check whether we were passed any parameters.
+         * These MUST take precedence over ANY automatic way
+         * of allocating cards, because the operator is
+         * S-P-E-L-L-I-N-G it out for us...
+         */
+        ret = sscape_manual_probe(sscape_params);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+                int i;
+                for (i = 0; i < sscape_cards; ++i)
+                        snd_card_free(sscape_card[i]);
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PNP
+        if (sscape_cards < SNDRV_CARDS) {
+                ret = pnp_register_card_driver(&sscape_pnpc_driver);
+                if (ret < 0) {
+                        sscape_exit();
+                        return ret;
+                }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+module_init(sscape_init);
+module_exit(sscape_exit);