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authorPeter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>2009-06-17 19:28:08 -0400
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2009-06-18 16:03:57 -0400
commit2521f2c228ad750701ba4702484e31d876dbc386 (patch)
tree2221de3e3de9512979b8244c6304366e3be5be63 /kernel
parent0b923606e75f1ab672e25b14ac039a1cdcfa382f (diff)
gcov: add gcov profiling infrastructure
Enable the use of GCC's coverage testing tool gcov [1] with the Linux kernel. gcov may be useful for: * debugging (has this code been reached at all?) * test improvement (how do I change my test to cover these lines?) * minimizing kernel configurations (do I need this option if the associated code is never run?) The profiling patch incorporates the following changes: * change kbuild to include profiling flags * provide functions needed by profiling code * present profiling data as files in debugfs Note that on some architectures, enabling gcc's profiling option "-fprofile-arcs" for the entire kernel may trigger compile/link/ run-time problems, some of which are caused by toolchain bugs and others which require adjustment of architecture code. For this reason profiling the entire kernel is initially restricted to those architectures for which it is known to work without changes. This restriction can be lifted once an architecture has been tested and found compatible with gcc's profiling. Profiling of single files or directories is still available on all platforms (see config help text). [1] http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Li Wei <W.Li@Sun.COM> Cc: Michael Ellerman <michaele@au1.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heicars2@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <mschwid2@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel')
-rw-r--r--kernel/Makefile1
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/Kconfig48
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/Makefile3
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/base.c148
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/fs.c673
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c447
-rw-r--r--kernel/gcov/gcov.h128
7 files changed, 1448 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index 9df4501cb921..0a32cb21ec97 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_STOP_MACHINE) += stop_machine.o
71obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES_SANITY_TEST) += test_kprobes.o 71obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES_SANITY_TEST) += test_kprobes.o
72obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT) += audit.o auditfilter.o 72obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT) += audit.o auditfilter.o
73obj-$(CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL) += auditsc.o 73obj-$(CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL) += auditsc.o
74obj-$(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) += gcov/
74obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_TREE) += audit_tree.o 75obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_TREE) += audit_tree.o
75obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES) += kprobes.o 76obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES) += kprobes.o
76obj-$(CONFIG_KGDB) += kgdb.o 77obj-$(CONFIG_KGDB) += kgdb.o
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/Kconfig b/kernel/gcov/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aab593abfba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
1menu "GCOV-based kernel profiling"
2
3config GCOV_KERNEL
4 bool "Enable gcov-based kernel profiling"
5 depends on DEBUG_FS && CONSTRUCTORS
6 default n
7 ---help---
8 This option enables gcov-based code profiling (e.g. for code coverage
9 measurements).
10
11 If unsure, say N.
12
13 Additionally specify CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y to get profiling data
14 for the entire kernel. To enable profiling for specific files or
15 directories, add a line similar to the following to the respective
16 Makefile:
17
18 For a single file (e.g. main.o):
19 GCOV_PROFILE_main.o := y
20
21 For all files in one directory:
22 GCOV_PROFILE := y
23
24 To exclude files from being profiled even when CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL
25 is specified, use:
26
27 GCOV_PROFILE_main.o := n
28 and:
29 GCOV_PROFILE := n
30
31 Note that the debugfs filesystem has to be mounted to access
32 profiling data.
33
34config GCOV_PROFILE_ALL
35 bool "Profile entire Kernel"
36 depends on GCOV_KERNEL
37 depends on S390 || X86_32
38 default n
39 ---help---
40 This options activates profiling for the entire kernel.
41
42 If unsure, say N.
43
44 Note that a kernel compiled with profiling flags will be significantly
45 larger and run slower. Also be sure to exclude files from profiling
46 which are not linked to the kernel image to prevent linker errors.
47
48endmenu
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/Makefile b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f761001d517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
1EXTRA_CFLAGS := -DSRCTREE='"$(srctree)"' -DOBJTREE='"$(objtree)"'
2
3obj-$(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) := base.o fs.o gcc_3_4.o
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/base.c b/kernel/gcov/base.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b22d03cc581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/base.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
1/*
2 * This code maintains a list of active profiling data structures.
3 *
4 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2009
5 * Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
6 *
7 * Uses gcc-internal data definitions.
8 * Based on the gcov-kernel patch by:
9 * Hubertus Franke <frankeh@us.ibm.com>
10 * Nigel Hinds <nhinds@us.ibm.com>
11 * Rajan Ravindran <rajancr@us.ibm.com>
12 * Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
13 * Paul Larson
14 */
15
16#define pr_fmt(fmt) "gcov: " fmt
17
18#include <linux/init.h>
19#include <linux/module.h>
20#include <linux/mutex.h>
21#include "gcov.h"
22
23static struct gcov_info *gcov_info_head;
24static int gcov_events_enabled;
25static DEFINE_MUTEX(gcov_lock);
26
27/*
28 * __gcov_init is called by gcc-generated constructor code for each object
29 * file compiled with -fprofile-arcs.
30 */
31void __gcov_init(struct gcov_info *info)
32{
33 static unsigned int gcov_version;
34
35 mutex_lock(&gcov_lock);
36 if (gcov_version == 0) {
37 gcov_version = info->version;
38 /*
39 * Printing gcc's version magic may prove useful for debugging
40 * incompatibility reports.
41 */
42 pr_info("version magic: 0x%x\n", gcov_version);
43 }
44 /*
45 * Add new profiling data structure to list and inform event
46 * listener.
47 */
48 info->next = gcov_info_head;
49 gcov_info_head = info;
50 if (gcov_events_enabled)
51 gcov_event(GCOV_ADD, info);
52 mutex_unlock(&gcov_lock);
53}
54EXPORT_SYMBOL(__gcov_init);
55
56/*
57 * These functions may be referenced by gcc-generated profiling code but serve
58 * no function for kernel profiling.
59 */
60void __gcov_flush(void)
61{
62 /* Unused. */
63}
64EXPORT_SYMBOL(__gcov_flush);
65
66void __gcov_merge_add(gcov_type *counters, unsigned int n_counters)
67{
68 /* Unused. */
69}
70EXPORT_SYMBOL(__gcov_merge_add);
71
72void __gcov_merge_single(gcov_type *counters, unsigned int n_counters)
73{
74 /* Unused. */
75}
76EXPORT_SYMBOL(__gcov_merge_single);
77
78void __gcov_merge_delta(gcov_type *counters, unsigned int n_counters)
79{
80 /* Unused. */
81}
82EXPORT_SYMBOL(__gcov_merge_delta);
83
84/**
85 * gcov_enable_events - enable event reporting through gcov_event()
86 *
87 * Turn on reporting of profiling data load/unload-events through the
88 * gcov_event() callback. Also replay all previous events once. This function
89 * is needed because some events are potentially generated too early for the
90 * callback implementation to handle them initially.
91 */
92void gcov_enable_events(void)
93{
94 struct gcov_info *info;
95
96 mutex_lock(&gcov_lock);
97 gcov_events_enabled = 1;
98 /* Perform event callback for previously registered entries. */
99 for (info = gcov_info_head; info; info = info->next)
100 gcov_event(GCOV_ADD, info);
101 mutex_unlock(&gcov_lock);
102}
103
104#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
105static inline int within(void *addr, void *start, unsigned long size)
106{
107 return ((addr >= start) && (addr < start + size));
108}
109
110/* Update list and generate events when modules are unloaded. */
111static int gcov_module_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long event,
112 void *data)
113{
114 struct module *mod = data;
115 struct gcov_info *info;
116 struct gcov_info *prev;
117
118 if (event != MODULE_STATE_GOING)
119 return NOTIFY_OK;
120 mutex_lock(&gcov_lock);
121 prev = NULL;
122 /* Remove entries located in module from linked list. */
123 for (info = gcov_info_head; info; info = info->next) {
124 if (within(info, mod->module_core, mod->core_size)) {
125 if (prev)
126 prev->next = info->next;
127 else
128 gcov_info_head = info->next;
129 if (gcov_events_enabled)
130 gcov_event(GCOV_REMOVE, info);
131 } else
132 prev = info;
133 }
134 mutex_unlock(&gcov_lock);
135
136 return NOTIFY_OK;
137}
138
139static struct notifier_block gcov_nb = {
140 .notifier_call = gcov_module_notifier,
141};
142
143static int __init gcov_init(void)
144{
145 return register_module_notifier(&gcov_nb);
146}
147device_initcall(gcov_init);
148#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/fs.c b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef3c3f88a7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
1/*
2 * This code exports profiling data as debugfs files to userspace.
3 *
4 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2009
5 * Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
6 *
7 * Uses gcc-internal data definitions.
8 * Based on the gcov-kernel patch by:
9 * Hubertus Franke <frankeh@us.ibm.com>
10 * Nigel Hinds <nhinds@us.ibm.com>
11 * Rajan Ravindran <rajancr@us.ibm.com>
12 * Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
13 * Paul Larson
14 * Yi CDL Yang
15 */
16
17#define pr_fmt(fmt) "gcov: " fmt
18
19#include <linux/init.h>
20#include <linux/module.h>
21#include <linux/debugfs.h>
22#include <linux/fs.h>
23#include <linux/list.h>
24#include <linux/string.h>
25#include <linux/slab.h>
26#include <linux/mutex.h>
27#include <linux/seq_file.h>
28#include "gcov.h"
29
30/**
31 * struct gcov_node - represents a debugfs entry
32 * @list: list head for child node list
33 * @children: child nodes
34 * @all: list head for list of all nodes
35 * @parent: parent node
36 * @info: associated profiling data structure if not a directory
37 * @ghost: when an object file containing profiling data is unloaded we keep a
38 * copy of the profiling data here to allow collecting coverage data
39 * for cleanup code. Such a node is called a "ghost".
40 * @dentry: main debugfs entry, either a directory or data file
41 * @links: associated symbolic links
42 * @name: data file basename
43 *
44 * struct gcov_node represents an entity within the gcov/ subdirectory
45 * of debugfs. There are directory and data file nodes. The latter represent
46 * the actual synthesized data file plus any associated symbolic links which
47 * are needed by the gcov tool to work correctly.
48 */
49struct gcov_node {
50 struct list_head list;
51 struct list_head children;
52 struct list_head all;
53 struct gcov_node *parent;
54 struct gcov_info *info;
55 struct gcov_info *ghost;
56 struct dentry *dentry;
57 struct dentry **links;
58 char name[0];
59};
60
61static const char objtree[] = OBJTREE;
62static const char srctree[] = SRCTREE;
63static struct gcov_node root_node;
64static struct dentry *reset_dentry;
65static LIST_HEAD(all_head);
66static DEFINE_MUTEX(node_lock);
67
68/* If non-zero, keep copies of profiling data for unloaded modules. */
69static int gcov_persist = 1;
70
71static int __init gcov_persist_setup(char *str)
72{
73 unsigned long val;
74
75 if (strict_strtoul(str, 0, &val)) {
76 pr_warning("invalid gcov_persist parameter '%s'\n", str);
77 return 0;
78 }
79 gcov_persist = val;
80 pr_info("setting gcov_persist to %d\n", gcov_persist);
81
82 return 1;
83}
84__setup("gcov_persist=", gcov_persist_setup);
85
86/*
87 * seq_file.start() implementation for gcov data files. Note that the
88 * gcov_iterator interface is designed to be more restrictive than seq_file
89 * (no start from arbitrary position, etc.), to simplify the iterator
90 * implementation.
91 */
92static void *gcov_seq_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
93{
94 loff_t i;
95
96 gcov_iter_start(seq->private);
97 for (i = 0; i < *pos; i++) {
98 if (gcov_iter_next(seq->private))
99 return NULL;
100 }
101 return seq->private;
102}
103
104/* seq_file.next() implementation for gcov data files. */
105static void *gcov_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *data, loff_t *pos)
106{
107 struct gcov_iterator *iter = data;
108
109 if (gcov_iter_next(iter))
110 return NULL;
111 (*pos)++;
112
113 return iter;
114}
115
116/* seq_file.show() implementation for gcov data files. */
117static int gcov_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *data)
118{
119 struct gcov_iterator *iter = data;
120
121 if (gcov_iter_write(iter, seq))
122 return -EINVAL;
123 return 0;
124}
125
126static void gcov_seq_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *data)
127{
128 /* Unused. */
129}
130
131static const struct seq_operations gcov_seq_ops = {
132 .start = gcov_seq_start,
133 .next = gcov_seq_next,
134 .show = gcov_seq_show,
135 .stop = gcov_seq_stop,
136};
137
138/*
139 * Return the profiling data set for a given node. This can either be the
140 * original profiling data structure or a duplicate (also called "ghost")
141 * in case the associated object file has been unloaded.
142 */
143static struct gcov_info *get_node_info(struct gcov_node *node)
144{
145 if (node->info)
146 return node->info;
147
148 return node->ghost;
149}
150
151/*
152 * open() implementation for gcov data files. Create a copy of the profiling
153 * data set and initialize the iterator and seq_file interface.
154 */
155static int gcov_seq_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
156{
157 struct gcov_node *node = inode->i_private;
158 struct gcov_iterator *iter;
159 struct seq_file *seq;
160 struct gcov_info *info;
161 int rc = -ENOMEM;
162
163 mutex_lock(&node_lock);
164 /*
165 * Read from a profiling data copy to minimize reference tracking
166 * complexity and concurrent access.
167 */
168 info = gcov_info_dup(get_node_info(node));
169 if (!info)
170 goto out_unlock;
171 iter = gcov_iter_new(info);
172 if (!iter)
173 goto err_free_info;
174 rc = seq_open(file, &gcov_seq_ops);
175 if (rc)
176 goto err_free_iter_info;
177 seq = file->private_data;
178 seq->private = iter;
179out_unlock:
180 mutex_unlock(&node_lock);
181 return rc;
182
183err_free_iter_info:
184 gcov_iter_free(iter);
185err_free_info:
186 gcov_info_free(info);
187 goto out_unlock;
188}
189
190/*
191 * release() implementation for gcov data files. Release resources allocated
192 * by open().
193 */
194static int gcov_seq_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
195{
196 struct gcov_iterator *iter;
197 struct gcov_info *info;
198 struct seq_file *seq;
199
200 seq = file->private_data;
201 iter = seq->private;
202 info = gcov_iter_get_info(iter);
203 gcov_iter_free(iter);
204 gcov_info_free(info);
205 seq_release(inode, file);
206
207 return 0;
208}
209
210/*
211 * Find a node by the associated data file name. Needs to be called with
212 * node_lock held.
213 */
214static struct gcov_node *get_node_by_name(const char *name)
215{
216 struct gcov_node *node;
217 struct gcov_info *info;
218
219 list_for_each_entry(node, &all_head, all) {
220 info = get_node_info(node);
221 if (info && (strcmp(info->filename, name) == 0))
222 return node;
223 }
224
225 return NULL;
226}
227
228static void remove_node(struct gcov_node *node);
229
230/*
231 * write() implementation for gcov data files. Reset profiling data for the
232 * associated file. If the object file has been unloaded (i.e. this is
233 * a "ghost" node), remove the debug fs node as well.
234 */
235static ssize_t gcov_seq_write(struct file *file, const char __user *addr,
236 size_t len, loff_t *pos)
237{
238 struct seq_file *seq;
239 struct gcov_info *info;
240 struct gcov_node *node;
241
242 seq = file->private_data;
243 info = gcov_iter_get_info(seq->private);
244 mutex_lock(&node_lock);
245 node = get_node_by_name(info->filename);
246 if (node) {
247 /* Reset counts or remove node for unloaded modules. */
248 if (node->ghost)
249 remove_node(node);
250 else
251 gcov_info_reset(node->info);
252 }
253 /* Reset counts for open file. */
254 gcov_info_reset(info);
255 mutex_unlock(&node_lock);
256
257 return len;
258}
259
260/*
261 * Given a string <path> representing a file path of format:
262 * path/to/file.gcda
263 * construct and return a new string:
264 * <dir/>path/to/file.<ext>
265 */
266static char *link_target(const char *dir, const char *path, const char *ext)
267{
268 char *target;
269 char *old_ext;
270 char *copy;
271
272 copy = kstrdup(path, GFP_KERNEL);
273 if (!copy)
274 return NULL;
275 old_ext = strrchr(copy, '.');
276 if (old_ext)
277 *old_ext = '\0';
278 if (dir)
279 target = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s/%s.%s", dir, copy, ext);
280 else
281 target = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s.%s", copy, ext);
282 kfree(copy);
283
284 return target;
285}
286
287/*
288 * Construct a string representing the symbolic link target for the given
289 * gcov data file name and link type. Depending on the link type and the
290 * location of the data file, the link target can either point to a
291 * subdirectory of srctree, objtree or in an external location.
292 */
293static char *get_link_target(const char *filename, const struct gcov_link *ext)
294{
295 const char *rel;
296 char *result;
297
298 if (strncmp(filename, objtree, strlen(objtree)) == 0) {
299 rel = filename + strlen(objtree) + 1;
300 if (ext->dir == SRC_TREE)
301 result = link_target(srctree, rel, ext->ext);
302 else
303 result = link_target(objtree, rel, ext->ext);
304 } else {
305 /* External compilation. */
306 result = link_target(NULL, filename, ext->ext);
307 }
308
309 return result;
310}
311
312#define SKEW_PREFIX ".tmp_"
313
314/*
315 * For a filename .tmp_filename.ext return filename.ext. Needed to compensate
316 * for filename skewing caused by the mod-versioning mechanism.
317 */
318static const char *deskew(const char *basename)
319{
320 if (strncmp(basename, SKEW_PREFIX, sizeof(SKEW_PREFIX) - 1) == 0)
321 return basename + sizeof(SKEW_PREFIX) - 1;
322 return basename;
323}
324
325/*
326 * Create links to additional files (usually .c and .gcno files) which the
327 * gcov tool expects to find in the same directory as the gcov data file.
328 */
329static void add_links(struct gcov_node *node, struct dentry *parent)
330{
331 char *basename;
332 char *target;
333 int num;
334 int i;
335
336 for (num = 0; gcov_link[num].ext; num++)
337 /* Nothing. */;
338 node->links = kcalloc(num, sizeof(struct dentry *), GFP_KERNEL);
339 if (!node->links)
340 return;
341 for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
342 target = get_link_target(get_node_info(node)->filename,
343 &gcov_link[i]);
344 if (!target)
345 goto out_err;
346 basename = strrchr(target, '/');
347 if (!basename)
348 goto out_err;
349 basename++;
350 node->links[i] = debugfs_create_symlink(deskew(basename),
351 parent, target);
352 if (!node->links[i])
353 goto out_err;
354 kfree(target);
355 }
356
357 return;
358out_err:
359 kfree(target);
360 while (i-- > 0)
361 debugfs_remove(node->links[i]);
362 kfree(node->links);
363 node->links = NULL;
364}
365
366static const struct file_operations gcov_data_fops = {
367 .open = gcov_seq_open,
368 .release = gcov_seq_release,
369 .read = seq_read,
370 .llseek = seq_lseek,
371 .write = gcov_seq_write,
372};
373
374/* Basic initialization of a new node. */
375static void init_node(struct gcov_node *node, struct gcov_info *info,
376 const char *name, struct gcov_node *parent)
377{
378 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->list);
379 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->children);
380 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->all);
381 node->info = info;
382 node->parent = parent;
383 if (name)
384 strcpy(node->name, name);
385}
386
387/*
388 * Create a new node and associated debugfs entry. Needs to be called with
389 * node_lock held.
390 */
391static struct gcov_node *new_node(struct gcov_node *parent,
392 struct gcov_info *info, const char *name)
393{
394 struct gcov_node *node;
395
396 node = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gcov_node) + strlen(name) + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
397 if (!node) {
398 pr_warning("out of memory\n");
399 return NULL;
400 }
401 init_node(node, info, name, parent);
402 /* Differentiate between gcov data file nodes and directory nodes. */
403 if (info) {
404 node->dentry = debugfs_create_file(deskew(node->name), 0600,
405 parent->dentry, node, &gcov_data_fops);
406 } else
407 node->dentry = debugfs_create_dir(node->name, parent->dentry);
408 if (!node->dentry) {
409 pr_warning("could not create file\n");
410 kfree(node);
411 return NULL;
412 }
413 if (info)
414 add_links(node, parent->dentry);
415 list_add(&node->list, &parent->children);
416 list_add(&node->all, &all_head);
417
418 return node;
419}
420
421/* Remove symbolic links associated with node. */
422static void remove_links(struct gcov_node *node)
423{
424 int i;
425
426 if (!node->links)
427 return;
428 for (i = 0; gcov_link[i].ext; i++)
429 debugfs_remove(node->links[i]);
430 kfree(node->links);
431 node->links = NULL;
432}
433
434/*
435 * Remove node from all lists and debugfs and release associated resources.
436 * Needs to be called with node_lock held.
437 */
438static void release_node(struct gcov_node *node)
439{
440 list_del(&node->list);
441 list_del(&node->all);
442 debugfs_remove(node->dentry);
443 remove_links(node);
444 if (node->ghost)
445 gcov_info_free(node->ghost);
446 kfree(node);
447}
448
449/* Release node and empty parents. Needs to be called with node_lock held. */
450static void remove_node(struct gcov_node *node)
451{
452 struct gcov_node *parent;
453
454 while ((node != &root_node) && list_empty(&node->children)) {
455 parent = node->parent;
456 release_node(node);
457 node = parent;
458 }
459}
460
461/*
462 * Find child node with given basename. Needs to be called with node_lock
463 * held.
464 */
465static struct gcov_node *get_child_by_name(struct gcov_node *parent,
466 const char *name)
467{
468 struct gcov_node *node;
469
470 list_for_each_entry(node, &parent->children, list) {
471 if (strcmp(node->name, name) == 0)
472 return node;
473 }
474
475 return NULL;
476}
477
478/*
479 * write() implementation for reset file. Reset all profiling data to zero
480 * and remove ghost nodes.
481 */
482static ssize_t reset_write(struct file *file, const char __user *addr,
483 size_t len, loff_t *pos)
484{
485 struct gcov_node *node;
486
487 mutex_lock(&node_lock);
488restart:
489 list_for_each_entry(node, &all_head, all) {
490 if (node->info)
491 gcov_info_reset(node->info);
492 else if (list_empty(&node->children)) {
493 remove_node(node);
494 /* Several nodes may have gone - restart loop. */
495 goto restart;
496 }
497 }
498 mutex_unlock(&node_lock);
499
500 return len;
501}
502
503/* read() implementation for reset file. Unused. */
504static ssize_t reset_read(struct file *file, char __user *addr, size_t len,
505 loff_t *pos)
506{
507 /* Allow read operation so that a recursive copy won't fail. */
508 return 0;
509}
510
511static const struct file_operations gcov_reset_fops = {
512 .write = reset_write,
513 .read = reset_read,
514};
515
516/*
517 * Create a node for a given profiling data set and add it to all lists and
518 * debugfs. Needs to be called with node_lock held.
519 */
520static void add_node(struct gcov_info *info)
521{
522 char *filename;
523 char *curr;
524 char *next;
525 struct gcov_node *parent;
526 struct gcov_node *node;
527
528 filename = kstrdup(info->filename, GFP_KERNEL);
529 if (!filename)
530 return;
531 parent = &root_node;
532 /* Create directory nodes along the path. */
533 for (curr = filename; (next = strchr(curr, '/')); curr = next + 1) {
534 if (curr == next)
535 continue;
536 *next = 0;
537 if (strcmp(curr, ".") == 0)
538 continue;
539 if (strcmp(curr, "..") == 0) {
540 if (!parent->parent)
541 goto err_remove;
542 parent = parent->parent;
543 continue;
544 }
545 node = get_child_by_name(parent, curr);
546 if (!node) {
547 node = new_node(parent, NULL, curr);
548 if (!node)
549 goto err_remove;
550 }
551 parent = node;
552 }
553 /* Create file node. */
554 node = new_node(parent, info, curr);
555 if (!node)
556 goto err_remove;
557out:
558 kfree(filename);
559 return;
560
561err_remove:
562 remove_node(parent);
563 goto out;
564}
565
566/*
567 * The profiling data set associated with this node is being unloaded. Store a
568 * copy of the profiling data and turn this node into a "ghost".
569 */
570static int ghost_node(struct gcov_node *node)
571{
572 node->ghost = gcov_info_dup(node->info);
573 if (!node->ghost) {
574 pr_warning("could not save data for '%s' (out of memory)\n",
575 node->info->filename);
576 return -ENOMEM;
577 }
578 node->info = NULL;
579
580 return 0;
581}
582
583/*
584 * Profiling data for this node has been loaded again. Add profiling data
585 * from previous instantiation and turn this node into a regular node.
586 */
587static void revive_node(struct gcov_node *node, struct gcov_info *info)
588{
589 if (gcov_info_is_compatible(node->ghost, info))
590 gcov_info_add(info, node->ghost);
591 else {
592 pr_warning("discarding saved data for '%s' (version changed)\n",
593 info->filename);
594 }
595 gcov_info_free(node->ghost);
596 node->ghost = NULL;
597 node->info = info;
598}
599
600/*
601 * Callback to create/remove profiling files when code compiled with
602 * -fprofile-arcs is loaded/unloaded.
603 */
604void gcov_event(enum gcov_action action, struct gcov_info *info)
605{
606 struct gcov_node *node;
607
608 mutex_lock(&node_lock);
609 node = get_node_by_name(info->filename);
610 switch (action) {
611 case GCOV_ADD:
612 /* Add new node or revive ghost. */
613 if (!node) {
614 add_node(info);
615 break;
616 }
617 if (gcov_persist)
618 revive_node(node, info);
619 else {
620 pr_warning("could not add '%s' (already exists)\n",
621 info->filename);
622 }
623 break;
624 case GCOV_REMOVE:
625 /* Remove node or turn into ghost. */
626 if (!node) {
627 pr_warning("could not remove '%s' (not found)\n",
628 info->filename);
629 break;
630 }
631 if (gcov_persist) {
632 if (!ghost_node(node))
633 break;
634 }
635 remove_node(node);
636 break;
637 }
638 mutex_unlock(&node_lock);
639}
640
641/* Create debugfs entries. */
642static __init int gcov_fs_init(void)
643{
644 int rc = -EIO;
645
646 init_node(&root_node, NULL, NULL, NULL);
647 /*
648 * /sys/kernel/debug/gcov will be parent for the reset control file
649 * and all profiling files.
650 */
651 root_node.dentry = debugfs_create_dir("gcov", NULL);
652 if (!root_node.dentry)
653 goto err_remove;
654 /*
655 * Create reset file which resets all profiling counts when written
656 * to.
657 */
658 reset_dentry = debugfs_create_file("reset", 0600, root_node.dentry,
659 NULL, &gcov_reset_fops);
660 if (!reset_dentry)
661 goto err_remove;
662 /* Replay previous events to get our fs hierarchy up-to-date. */
663 gcov_enable_events();
664 return 0;
665
666err_remove:
667 pr_err("init failed\n");
668 if (root_node.dentry)
669 debugfs_remove(root_node.dentry);
670
671 return rc;
672}
673device_initcall(gcov_fs_init);
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ae5bb4260033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
1/*
2 * This code provides functions to handle gcc's profiling data format
3 * introduced with gcc 3.4. Future versions of gcc may change the gcov
4 * format (as happened before), so all format-specific information needs
5 * to be kept modular and easily exchangeable.
6 *
7 * This file is based on gcc-internal definitions. Functions and data
8 * structures are defined to be compatible with gcc counterparts.
9 * For a better understanding, refer to gcc source: gcc/gcov-io.h.
10 *
11 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2009
12 * Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
13 *
14 * Uses gcc-internal data definitions.
15 */
16
17#include <linux/errno.h>
18#include <linux/slab.h>
19#include <linux/string.h>
20#include <linux/seq_file.h>
21#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
22#include "gcov.h"
23
24/* Symbolic links to be created for each profiling data file. */
25const struct gcov_link gcov_link[] = {
26 { OBJ_TREE, "gcno" }, /* Link to .gcno file in $(objtree). */
27 { 0, NULL},
28};
29
30/*
31 * Determine whether a counter is active. Based on gcc magic. Doesn't change
32 * at run-time.
33 */
34static int counter_active(struct gcov_info *info, unsigned int type)
35{
36 return (1 << type) & info->ctr_mask;
37}
38
39/* Determine number of active counters. Based on gcc magic. */
40static unsigned int num_counter_active(struct gcov_info *info)
41{
42 unsigned int i;
43 unsigned int result = 0;
44
45 for (i = 0; i < GCOV_COUNTERS; i++) {
46 if (counter_active(info, i))
47 result++;
48 }
49 return result;
50}
51
52/**
53 * gcov_info_reset - reset profiling data to zero
54 * @info: profiling data set
55 */
56void gcov_info_reset(struct gcov_info *info)
57{
58 unsigned int active = num_counter_active(info);
59 unsigned int i;
60
61 for (i = 0; i < active; i++) {
62 memset(info->counts[i].values, 0,
63 info->counts[i].num * sizeof(gcov_type));
64 }
65}
66
67/**
68 * gcov_info_is_compatible - check if profiling data can be added
69 * @info1: first profiling data set
70 * @info2: second profiling data set
71 *
72 * Returns non-zero if profiling data can be added, zero otherwise.
73 */
74int gcov_info_is_compatible(struct gcov_info *info1, struct gcov_info *info2)
75{
76 return (info1->stamp == info2->stamp);
77}
78
79/**
80 * gcov_info_add - add up profiling data
81 * @dest: profiling data set to which data is added
82 * @source: profiling data set which is added
83 *
84 * Adds profiling counts of @source to @dest.
85 */
86void gcov_info_add(struct gcov_info *dest, struct gcov_info *source)
87{
88 unsigned int i;
89 unsigned int j;
90
91 for (i = 0; i < num_counter_active(dest); i++) {
92 for (j = 0; j < dest->counts[i].num; j++) {
93 dest->counts[i].values[j] +=
94 source->counts[i].values[j];
95 }
96 }
97}
98
99/* Get size of function info entry. Based on gcc magic. */
100static size_t get_fn_size(struct gcov_info *info)
101{
102 size_t size;
103
104 size = sizeof(struct gcov_fn_info) + num_counter_active(info) *
105 sizeof(unsigned int);
106 if (__alignof__(struct gcov_fn_info) > sizeof(unsigned int))
107 size = ALIGN(size, __alignof__(struct gcov_fn_info));
108 return size;
109}
110
111/* Get address of function info entry. Based on gcc magic. */
112static struct gcov_fn_info *get_fn_info(struct gcov_info *info, unsigned int fn)
113{
114 return (struct gcov_fn_info *)
115 ((char *) info->functions + fn * get_fn_size(info));
116}
117
118/**
119 * gcov_info_dup - duplicate profiling data set
120 * @info: profiling data set to duplicate
121 *
122 * Return newly allocated duplicate on success, %NULL on error.
123 */
124struct gcov_info *gcov_info_dup(struct gcov_info *info)
125{
126 struct gcov_info *dup;
127 unsigned int i;
128 unsigned int active;
129
130 /* Duplicate gcov_info. */
131 active = num_counter_active(info);
132 dup = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gcov_info) +
133 sizeof(struct gcov_ctr_info) * active, GFP_KERNEL);
134 if (!dup)
135 return NULL;
136 dup->version = info->version;
137 dup->stamp = info->stamp;
138 dup->n_functions = info->n_functions;
139 dup->ctr_mask = info->ctr_mask;
140 /* Duplicate filename. */
141 dup->filename = kstrdup(info->filename, GFP_KERNEL);
142 if (!dup->filename)
143 goto err_free;
144 /* Duplicate table of functions. */
145 dup->functions = kmemdup(info->functions, info->n_functions *
146 get_fn_size(info), GFP_KERNEL);
147 if (!dup->functions)
148 goto err_free;
149 /* Duplicate counter arrays. */
150 for (i = 0; i < active ; i++) {
151 struct gcov_ctr_info *ctr = &info->counts[i];
152 size_t size = ctr->num * sizeof(gcov_type);
153
154 dup->counts[i].num = ctr->num;
155 dup->counts[i].merge = ctr->merge;
156 dup->counts[i].values = vmalloc(size);
157 if (!dup->counts[i].values)
158 goto err_free;
159 memcpy(dup->counts[i].values, ctr->values, size);
160 }
161 return dup;
162
163err_free:
164 gcov_info_free(dup);
165 return NULL;
166}
167
168/**
169 * gcov_info_free - release memory for profiling data set duplicate
170 * @info: profiling data set duplicate to free
171 */
172void gcov_info_free(struct gcov_info *info)
173{
174 unsigned int active = num_counter_active(info);
175 unsigned int i;
176
177 for (i = 0; i < active ; i++)
178 vfree(info->counts[i].values);
179 kfree(info->functions);
180 kfree(info->filename);
181 kfree(info);
182}
183
184/**
185 * struct type_info - iterator helper array
186 * @ctr_type: counter type
187 * @offset: index of the first value of the current function for this type
188 *
189 * This array is needed to convert the in-memory data format into the in-file
190 * data format:
191 *
192 * In-memory:
193 * for each counter type
194 * for each function
195 * values
196 *
197 * In-file:
198 * for each function
199 * for each counter type
200 * values
201 *
202 * See gcc source gcc/gcov-io.h for more information on data organization.
203 */
204struct type_info {
205 int ctr_type;
206 unsigned int offset;
207};
208
209/**
210 * struct gcov_iterator - specifies current file position in logical records
211 * @info: associated profiling data
212 * @record: record type
213 * @function: function number
214 * @type: counter type
215 * @count: index into values array
216 * @num_types: number of counter types
217 * @type_info: helper array to get values-array offset for current function
218 */
219struct gcov_iterator {
220 struct gcov_info *info;
221
222 int record;
223 unsigned int function;
224 unsigned int type;
225 unsigned int count;
226
227 int num_types;
228 struct type_info type_info[0];
229};
230
231static struct gcov_fn_info *get_func(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
232{
233 return get_fn_info(iter->info, iter->function);
234}
235
236static struct type_info *get_type(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
237{
238 return &iter->type_info[iter->type];
239}
240
241/**
242 * gcov_iter_new - allocate and initialize profiling data iterator
243 * @info: profiling data set to be iterated
244 *
245 * Return file iterator on success, %NULL otherwise.
246 */
247struct gcov_iterator *gcov_iter_new(struct gcov_info *info)
248{
249 struct gcov_iterator *iter;
250
251 iter = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gcov_iterator) +
252 num_counter_active(info) * sizeof(struct type_info),
253 GFP_KERNEL);
254 if (iter)
255 iter->info = info;
256
257 return iter;
258}
259
260/**
261 * gcov_iter_free - release memory for iterator
262 * @iter: file iterator to free
263 */
264void gcov_iter_free(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
265{
266 kfree(iter);
267}
268
269/**
270 * gcov_iter_get_info - return profiling data set for given file iterator
271 * @iter: file iterator
272 */
273struct gcov_info *gcov_iter_get_info(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
274{
275 return iter->info;
276}
277
278/**
279 * gcov_iter_start - reset file iterator to starting position
280 * @iter: file iterator
281 */
282void gcov_iter_start(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
283{
284 int i;
285
286 iter->record = 0;
287 iter->function = 0;
288 iter->type = 0;
289 iter->count = 0;
290 iter->num_types = 0;
291 for (i = 0; i < GCOV_COUNTERS; i++) {
292 if (counter_active(iter->info, i)) {
293 iter->type_info[iter->num_types].ctr_type = i;
294 iter->type_info[iter->num_types++].offset = 0;
295 }
296 }
297}
298
299/* Mapping of logical record number to actual file content. */
300#define RECORD_FILE_MAGIC 0
301#define RECORD_GCOV_VERSION 1
302#define RECORD_TIME_STAMP 2
303#define RECORD_FUNCTION_TAG 3
304#define RECORD_FUNCTON_TAG_LEN 4
305#define RECORD_FUNCTION_IDENT 5
306#define RECORD_FUNCTION_CHECK 6
307#define RECORD_COUNT_TAG 7
308#define RECORD_COUNT_LEN 8
309#define RECORD_COUNT 9
310
311/**
312 * gcov_iter_next - advance file iterator to next logical record
313 * @iter: file iterator
314 *
315 * Return zero if new position is valid, non-zero if iterator has reached end.
316 */
317int gcov_iter_next(struct gcov_iterator *iter)
318{
319 switch (iter->record) {
320 case RECORD_FILE_MAGIC:
321 case RECORD_GCOV_VERSION:
322 case RECORD_FUNCTION_TAG:
323 case RECORD_FUNCTON_TAG_LEN:
324 case RECORD_FUNCTION_IDENT:
325 case RECORD_COUNT_TAG:
326 /* Advance to next record */
327 iter->record++;
328 break;
329 case RECORD_COUNT:
330 /* Advance to next count */
331 iter->count++;
332 /* fall through */
333 case RECORD_COUNT_LEN:
334 if (iter->count < get_func(iter)->n_ctrs[iter->type]) {
335 iter->record = 9;
336 break;
337 }
338 /* Advance to next counter type */
339 get_type(iter)->offset += iter->count;
340 iter->count = 0;
341 iter->type++;
342 /* fall through */
343 case RECORD_FUNCTION_CHECK:
344 if (iter->type < iter->num_types) {
345 iter->record = 7;
346 break;
347 }
348 /* Advance to next function */
349 iter->type = 0;
350 iter->function++;
351 /* fall through */
352 case RECORD_TIME_STAMP:
353 if (iter->function < iter->info->n_functions)
354 iter->record = 3;
355 else
356 iter->record = -1;
357 break;
358 }
359 /* Check for EOF. */
360 if (iter->record == -1)
361 return -EINVAL;
362 else
363 return 0;
364}
365
366/**
367 * seq_write_gcov_u32 - write 32 bit number in gcov format to seq_file
368 * @seq: seq_file handle
369 * @v: value to be stored
370 *
371 * Number format defined by gcc: numbers are recorded in the 32 bit
372 * unsigned binary form of the endianness of the machine generating the
373 * file.
374 */
375static int seq_write_gcov_u32(struct seq_file *seq, u32 v)
376{
377 return seq_write(seq, &v, sizeof(v));
378}
379
380/**
381 * seq_write_gcov_u64 - write 64 bit number in gcov format to seq_file
382 * @seq: seq_file handle
383 * @v: value to be stored
384 *
385 * Number format defined by gcc: numbers are recorded in the 32 bit
386 * unsigned binary form of the endianness of the machine generating the
387 * file. 64 bit numbers are stored as two 32 bit numbers, the low part
388 * first.
389 */
390static int seq_write_gcov_u64(struct seq_file *seq, u64 v)
391{
392 u32 data[2];
393
394 data[0] = (v & 0xffffffffUL);
395 data[1] = (v >> 32);
396 return seq_write(seq, data, sizeof(data));
397}
398
399/**
400 * gcov_iter_write - write data for current pos to seq_file
401 * @iter: file iterator
402 * @seq: seq_file handle
403 *
404 * Return zero on success, non-zero otherwise.
405 */
406int gcov_iter_write(struct gcov_iterator *iter, struct seq_file *seq)
407{
408 int rc = -EINVAL;
409
410 switch (iter->record) {
411 case RECORD_FILE_MAGIC:
412 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, GCOV_DATA_MAGIC);
413 break;
414 case RECORD_GCOV_VERSION:
415 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, iter->info->version);
416 break;
417 case RECORD_TIME_STAMP:
418 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, iter->info->stamp);
419 break;
420 case RECORD_FUNCTION_TAG:
421 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, GCOV_TAG_FUNCTION);
422 break;
423 case RECORD_FUNCTON_TAG_LEN:
424 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, 2);
425 break;
426 case RECORD_FUNCTION_IDENT:
427 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, get_func(iter)->ident);
428 break;
429 case RECORD_FUNCTION_CHECK:
430 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq, get_func(iter)->checksum);
431 break;
432 case RECORD_COUNT_TAG:
433 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq,
434 GCOV_TAG_FOR_COUNTER(get_type(iter)->ctr_type));
435 break;
436 case RECORD_COUNT_LEN:
437 rc = seq_write_gcov_u32(seq,
438 get_func(iter)->n_ctrs[iter->type] * 2);
439 break;
440 case RECORD_COUNT:
441 rc = seq_write_gcov_u64(seq,
442 iter->info->counts[iter->type].
443 values[iter->count + get_type(iter)->offset]);
444 break;
445 }
446 return rc;
447}
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcov.h b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..060073ebf7a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
1/*
2 * Profiling infrastructure declarations.
3 *
4 * This file is based on gcc-internal definitions. Data structures are
5 * defined to be compatible with gcc counterparts. For a better
6 * understanding, refer to gcc source: gcc/gcov-io.h.
7 *
8 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2009
9 * Author(s): Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
10 *
11 * Uses gcc-internal data definitions.
12 */
13
14#ifndef GCOV_H
15#define GCOV_H GCOV_H
16
17#include <linux/types.h>
18
19/*
20 * Profiling data types used for gcc 3.4 and above - these are defined by
21 * gcc and need to be kept as close to the original definition as possible to
22 * remain compatible.
23 */
24#define GCOV_COUNTERS 5
25#define GCOV_DATA_MAGIC ((unsigned int) 0x67636461)
26#define GCOV_TAG_FUNCTION ((unsigned int) 0x01000000)
27#define GCOV_TAG_COUNTER_BASE ((unsigned int) 0x01a10000)
28#define GCOV_TAG_FOR_COUNTER(count) \
29 (GCOV_TAG_COUNTER_BASE + ((unsigned int) (count) << 17))
30
31#if BITS_PER_LONG >= 64
32typedef long gcov_type;
33#else
34typedef long long gcov_type;
35#endif
36
37/**
38 * struct gcov_fn_info - profiling meta data per function
39 * @ident: object file-unique function identifier
40 * @checksum: function checksum
41 * @n_ctrs: number of values per counter type belonging to this function
42 *
43 * This data is generated by gcc during compilation and doesn't change
44 * at run-time.
45 */
46struct gcov_fn_info {
47 unsigned int ident;
48 unsigned int checksum;
49 unsigned int n_ctrs[0];
50};
51
52/**
53 * struct gcov_ctr_info - profiling data per counter type
54 * @num: number of counter values for this type
55 * @values: array of counter values for this type
56 * @merge: merge function for counter values of this type (unused)
57 *
58 * This data is generated by gcc during compilation and doesn't change
59 * at run-time with the exception of the values array.
60 */
61struct gcov_ctr_info {
62 unsigned int num;
63 gcov_type *values;
64 void (*merge)(gcov_type *, unsigned int);
65};
66
67/**
68 * struct gcov_info - profiling data per object file
69 * @version: gcov version magic indicating the gcc version used for compilation
70 * @next: list head for a singly-linked list
71 * @stamp: time stamp
72 * @filename: name of the associated gcov data file
73 * @n_functions: number of instrumented functions
74 * @functions: function data
75 * @ctr_mask: mask specifying which counter types are active
76 * @counts: counter data per counter type
77 *
78 * This data is generated by gcc during compilation and doesn't change
79 * at run-time with the exception of the next pointer.
80 */
81struct gcov_info {
82 unsigned int version;
83 struct gcov_info *next;
84 unsigned int stamp;
85 const char *filename;
86 unsigned int n_functions;
87 const struct gcov_fn_info *functions;
88 unsigned int ctr_mask;
89 struct gcov_ctr_info counts[0];
90};
91
92/* Base interface. */
93enum gcov_action {
94 GCOV_ADD,
95 GCOV_REMOVE,
96};
97
98void gcov_event(enum gcov_action action, struct gcov_info *info);
99void gcov_enable_events(void);
100
101/* Iterator control. */
102struct seq_file;
103struct gcov_iterator;
104
105struct gcov_iterator *gcov_iter_new(struct gcov_info *info);
106void gcov_iter_free(struct gcov_iterator *iter);
107void gcov_iter_start(struct gcov_iterator *iter);
108int gcov_iter_next(struct gcov_iterator *iter);
109int gcov_iter_write(struct gcov_iterator *iter, struct seq_file *seq);
110struct gcov_info *gcov_iter_get_info(struct gcov_iterator *iter);
111
112/* gcov_info control. */
113void gcov_info_reset(struct gcov_info *info);
114int gcov_info_is_compatible(struct gcov_info *info1, struct gcov_info *info2);
115void gcov_info_add(struct gcov_info *dest, struct gcov_info *source);
116struct gcov_info *gcov_info_dup(struct gcov_info *info);
117void gcov_info_free(struct gcov_info *info);
118
119struct gcov_link {
120 enum {
121 OBJ_TREE,
122 SRC_TREE,
123 } dir;
124 const char *ext;
125};
126extern const struct gcov_link gcov_link[];
127
128#endif /* GCOV_H */
generated by cgit v1.2.2 (git 2.25.0) at 2024-12-01 01:28:43 -0500