[NETLINK]: Type-safe netlink messages/attributes interface

Introduces a new type-safe interface for netlink message and
attributes handling. The interface is fully binary compatible
with the old interface towards userspace. Besides type safety,
this interface features attribute validation capabilities,
simplified message contstruction, and documentation.

The resulting netlink code should be smaller, less error prone
and easier to understand.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

2 files changed, 900 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/netlink.h b/include/linux/netlink.h
index ba25ca874c20..6a2ccf78a356 100644
--- a/include/linux/netlink.h
+++ b/include/linux/netlink.h
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ struct nlmsghdr
 
 #define NLMSG_ALIGNTO   4
 #define NLMSG_ALIGN(len) ( ((len)+NLMSG_ALIGNTO-1) & ~(NLMSG_ALIGNTO-1) )
-#define NLMSG_LENGTH(len) ((len)+NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)))
+#define NLMSG_HDRLEN     ((int) NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)))
+#define NLMSG_LENGTH(len) ((len)+NLMSG_ALIGN(NLMSG_HDRLEN))
 #define NLMSG_SPACE(len) NLMSG_ALIGN(NLMSG_LENGTH(len))
 #define NLMSG_DATA(nlh)  ((void*)(((char*)nlh) + NLMSG_LENGTH(0)))
 #define NLMSG_NEXT(nlh,len)      ((len) -= NLMSG_ALIGN((nlh)->nlmsg_len), \
@@ -86,6 +87,8 @@ struct nlmsghdr
 #define NLMSG_DONE              0x3     /* End of a dump        */
 #define NLMSG_OVERRUN           0x4     /* Data lost            */
 
+#define NLMSG_MIN_TYPE          0x10    /* < 0x10: reserved control messages */
+
 struct nlmsgerr
 {
         int             error;
@@ -108,6 +111,25 @@ enum {
         NETLINK_CONNECTED,
 };
 
+/*
+ *  <------- NLA_HDRLEN ------> <-- NLA_ALIGN(payload)-->
+ * +---------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
+ * |        Header       | Pad |     Payload       | Pad |
+ * |   (struct nlattr)   | ing |                   | ing |
+ * +---------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
+ *  <-------------- nlattr->nla_len -------------->
+ */
+
+struct nlattr
+{
+        __u16           nla_len;
+        __u16           nla_type;
+};
+
+#define NLA_ALIGNTO             4
+#define NLA_ALIGN(len)          (((len) + NLA_ALIGNTO - 1) & ~(NLA_ALIGNTO - 1))
+#define NLA_HDRLEN              ((int) NLA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlattr)))
+
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 
 #include <linux/capability.h>
diff --git a/include/net/netlink.h b/include/net/netlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c99e22db9632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/net/netlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,877 @@
+#ifndef __NET_NETLINK_H
+#define __NET_NETLINK_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+
+/* ========================================================================
+ *         Netlink Messages and Attributes Interface (As Seen On TV)
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *                          Messages Interface
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Message Format:
+ *    <--- nlmsg_total_size(payload)  --->
+ *    <-- nlmsg_msg_size(payload) ->
+ *   +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
+ *   | nlmsghdr | Pad |   Payload   | Pad | nlmsghdr
+ *   +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
+ *   nlmsg_data(nlh)---^                   ^
+ *   nlmsg_next(nlh)-----------------------+
+ *
+ * Payload Format:
+ *    <---------------------- nlmsg_len(nlh) --------------------->
+ *    <------ hdrlen ------>       <- nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen) ->
+ *   +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
+ *   |     Family Header    | Pad |           Attributes           |
+ *   +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
+ *   nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen)---^
+ *
+ * Data Structures:
+ *   struct nlmsghdr                    netlink message header
+ *
+ * Message Construction:
+ *   nlmsg_new()                        create a new netlink message
+ *   nlmsg_put()                        add a netlink message to an skb
+ *   nlmsg_put_answer()                 callback based nlmsg_put()
+ *   nlmsg_end()                        finanlize netlink message
+ *   nlmsg_cancel()                     cancel message construction
+ *   nlmsg_free()                       free a netlink message
+ *
+ * Message Sending:
+ *   nlmsg_multicast()                  multicast message to several groups
+ *   nlmsg_unicast()                    unicast a message to a single socket
+ *
+ * Message Length Calculations:
+ *   nlmsg_msg_size(payload)            length of message w/o padding
+ *   nlmsg_total_size(payload)          length of message w/ padding
+ *   nlmsg_padlen(payload)              length of padding at tail
+ *
+ * Message Payload Access:
+ *   nlmsg_data(nlh)                    head of message payload
+ *   nlmsg_len(nlh)                     length of message payload
+ *   nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen)        head of attributes data
+ *   nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen)         length of attributes data
+ *
+ * Message Parsing:
+ *   nlmsg_ok(nlh, remaining)           does nlh fit into remaining bytes?
+ *   nlmsg_next(nlh, remaining)         get next netlink message
+ *   nlmsg_parse()                      parse attributes of a message
+ *   nlmsg_find_attr()                  find an attribute in a message
+ *   nlmsg_for_each_msg()               loop over all messages
+ *   nlmsg_validate()                   validate netlink message incl. attrs
+ *   nlmsg_for_each_attr()              loop over all attributes
+ *
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *                          Attributes Interface
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Attribute Format:
+ *    <------- nla_total_size(payload) ------->
+ *    <---- nla_attr_size(payload) ----->
+ *   +----------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - +- - -+-------- - -
+ *   |  Header  | Pad |     Payload      | Pad |  Header
+ *   +----------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - +- - -+-------- - -
+ *                     <- nla_len(nla) ->      ^
+ *   nla_data(nla)----^                        |
+ *   nla_next(nla)-----------------------------'
+ *
+ * Data Structures:
+ *   struct nlattr                      netlink attribtue header
+ *
+ * Attribute Construction:
+ *   nla_reserve(skb, type, len)        reserve skb tailroom for an attribute
+ *   nla_put(skb, type, len, data)      add attribute to skb
+ *
+ * Attribute Construction for Basic Types:
+ *   nla_put_u8(skb, type, value)       add u8 attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_u16(skb, type, value)      add u16 attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_u32(skb, type, value)      add u32 attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_u64(skb, type, value)      add u64 attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_string(skb, type, str)     add string attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_flag(skb, type)            add flag attribute to skb
+ *   nla_put_msecs(skb, type, jiffies)  add msecs attribute to skb
+ *
+ * Exceptions Based Attribute Construction:
+ *   NLA_PUT(skb, type, len, data)      add attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_U8(skb, type, value)       add u8 attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_U16(skb, type, value)      add u16 attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_U32(skb, type, value)      add u32 attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_U64(skb, type, value)      add u64 attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_STRING(skb, type, str)     add string attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_FLAG(skb, type)            add flag attribute to skb
+ *   NLA_PUT_MSECS(skb, type, jiffies)  add msecs attribute to skb
+ *
+ *   The meaning of these functions is equal to their lower case
+ *   variants but they jump to the label nla_put_failure in case
+ *   of a failure.
+ *
+ * Nested Attributes Construction:
+ *   nla_nest_start(skb, type)          start a nested attribute
+ *   nla_nest_end(skb, nla)             finalize a nested attribute
+ *   nla_nest_cancel(skb, nla)          cancel nested attribute construction
+ *
+ * Attribute Length Calculations:
+ *   nla_attr_size(payload)             length of attribute w/o padding
+ *   nla_total_size(payload)            length of attribute w/ padding
+ *   nla_padlen(payload)                length of padding
+ *
+ * Attribute Payload Access:
+ *   nla_data(nla)                      head of attribute payload
+ *   nla_len(nla)                       length of attribute payload
+ *
+ * Attribute Payload Access for Basic Types:
+ *   nla_get_u8(nla)                    get payload for a u8 attribute
+ *   nla_get_u16(nla)                   get payload for a u16 attribute
+ *   nla_get_u32(nla)                   get payload for a u32 attribute
+ *   nla_get_u64(nla)                   get payload for a u64 attribute
+ *   nla_get_flag(nla)                  return 1 if flag is true
+ *   nla_get_msecs(nla)                 get payload for a msecs attribute
+ *
+ * Attribute Misc:
+ *   nla_memcpy(dest, nla, count)       copy attribute into memory
+ *   nla_memcmp(nla, data, size)        compare attribute with memory area
+ *   nla_strlcpy(dst, nla, size)        copy attribute to a sized string
+ *   nla_strcmp(nla, str)               compare attribute with string
+ *
+ * Attribute Parsing:
+ *   nla_ok(nla, remaining)             does nla fit into remaining bytes?
+ *   nla_next(nla, remaining)           get next netlink attribute
+ *   nla_validate()                     validate a stream of attributes
+ *   nla_find()                         find attribute in stream of attributes
+ *   nla_parse()                        parse and validate stream of attrs
+ *   nla_parse_nested()                 parse nested attribuets
+ *   nla_for_each_attr()                loop over all attributes
+ *=========================================================================
+ */
+
+ /**
+  * Standard attribute types to specify validation policy
+  */
+enum {
+        NLA_UNSPEC,
+        NLA_U8,
+        NLA_U16,
+        NLA_U32,
+        NLA_U64,
+        NLA_STRING,
+        NLA_FLAG,
+        NLA_MSECS,
+        NLA_NESTED,
+        __NLA_TYPE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define NLA_TYPE_MAX (__NLA_TYPE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * struct nla_policy - attribute validation policy
+ * @type: Type of attribute or NLA_UNSPEC
+ * @minlen: Minimal length of payload required to be available
+ *
+ * Policies are defined as arrays of this struct, the array must be
+ * accessible by attribute type up to the highest identifier to be expected.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ * static struct nla_policy my_policy[ATTR_MAX+1] __read_mostly = {
+ *      [ATTR_FOO] = { .type = NLA_U16 },
+ *      [ATTR_BAR] = { .type = NLA_STRING },
+ *      [ATTR_BAZ] = { .minlen = sizeof(struct mystruct) },
+ * };
+ */
+struct nla_policy {
+        u16             type;
+        u16             minlen;
+};
+
+extern int              nla_validate(struct nlattr *head, int len, int maxtype,
+                                     struct nla_policy *policy);
+extern int              nla_parse(struct nlattr *tb[], int maxtype,
+                                  struct nlattr *head, int len,
+                                  struct nla_policy *policy);
+extern struct nlattr *  nla_find(struct nlattr *head, int len, int attrtype);
+extern size_t           nla_strlcpy(char *dst, const struct nlattr *nla,
+                                    size_t dstsize);
+extern int              nla_memcpy(void *dest, struct nlattr *src, int count);
+extern int              nla_memcmp(const struct nlattr *nla, const void *data,
+                                   size_t size);
+extern int              nla_strcmp(const struct nlattr *nla, const char *str);
+extern struct nlattr *  __nla_reserve(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                      int attrlen);
+extern struct nlattr *  nla_reserve(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                    int attrlen);
+extern void             __nla_put(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                  int attrlen, const void *data);
+extern int              nla_put(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                int attrlen, const void *data);
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ * Netlink Messages
+ **************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_msg_size - length of netlink message not including padding
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_msg_size(int payload)
+{
+        return NLMSG_HDRLEN + payload;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_total_size - length of netlink message including padding
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_total_size(int payload)
+{
+        return NLMSG_ALIGN(nlmsg_msg_size(payload));
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_padlen - length of padding at the message's tail
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_padlen(int payload)
+{
+        return nlmsg_total_size(payload) - nlmsg_msg_size(payload);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_data - head of message payload
+ * @nlh: netlink messsage header
+ */
+static inline void *nlmsg_data(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh)
+{
+        return (unsigned char *) nlh + NLMSG_HDRLEN;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_len - length of message payload
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_len(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh)
+{
+        return nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_HDRLEN;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_attrdata - head of attributes data
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of family specific header
+ */
+static inline struct nlattr *nlmsg_attrdata(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
+                                            int hdrlen)
+{
+        unsigned char *data = nlmsg_data(nlh);
+        return (struct nlattr *) (data + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdrlen));
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_attrlen - length of attributes data
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of family specific header
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_attrlen(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int hdrlen)
+{
+        return nlmsg_len(nlh) - NLMSG_ALIGN(hdrlen);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_ok - check if the netlink message fits into the remaining bytes
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @remaining: number of bytes remaining in message stream
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_ok(const struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int remaining)
+{
+        return (remaining >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) &&
+                nlh->nlmsg_len >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) &&
+                nlh->nlmsg_len <= remaining);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_next - next netlink message in message stream
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @remaining: number of bytes remaining in message stream
+ *
+ * Returns the next netlink message in the message stream and
+ * decrements remaining by the size of the current message.
+ */
+static inline struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_next(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int *remaining)
+{
+        int totlen = NLMSG_ALIGN(nlh->nlmsg_len);
+
+        *remaining -= totlen;
+
+        return (struct nlmsghdr *) ((unsigned char *) nlh + totlen);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_parse - parse attributes of a netlink message
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of family specific header
+ * @tb: destination array with maxtype+1 elements
+ * @maxtype: maximum attribute type to be expected
+ * @policy: validation policy
+ *
+ * See nla_parse()
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_parse(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int hdrlen,
+                              struct nlattr *tb[], int maxtype,
+                              struct nla_policy *policy)
+{
+        if (nlh->nlmsg_len < nlmsg_msg_size(hdrlen))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return nla_parse(tb, maxtype, nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen),
+                         nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), policy);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_find_attr - find a specific attribute in a netlink message
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of familiy specific header
+ * @attrtype: type of attribute to look for
+ *
+ * Returns the first attribute which matches the specified type.
+ */
+static inline struct nlattr *nlmsg_find_attr(struct nlmsghdr *nlh,
+                                             int hdrlen, int attrtype)
+{
+        return nla_find(nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen),
+                        nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), attrtype);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_validate - validate a netlink message including attributes
+ * @nlh: netlinket message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of familiy specific header
+ * @maxtype: maximum attribute type to be expected
+ * @policy: validation policy
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_validate(struct nlmsghdr *nlh, int hdrlen, int maxtype,
+                                 struct nla_policy *policy)
+{
+        if (nlh->nlmsg_len < nlmsg_msg_size(hdrlen))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return nla_validate(nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen),
+                            nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), maxtype, policy);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_for_each_attr - iterate over a stream of attributes
+ * @pos: loop counter, set to current attribute
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ * @hdrlen: length of familiy specific header
+ * @rem: initialized to len, holds bytes currently remaining in stream
+ */
+#define nlmsg_for_each_attr(pos, nlh, hdrlen, rem) \
+        nla_for_each_attr(pos, nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen), \
+                          nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen), rem)
+
+#if 0
+/* FIXME: Enable once all users have been converted */
+
+/**
+ * __nlmsg_put - Add a new netlink message to an skb
+ * @skb: socket buffer to store message in
+ * @pid: netlink process id
+ * @seq: sequence number of message
+ * @type: message type
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ * @flags: message flags
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible to ensure that the skb provides enough
+ * tailroom for both the netlink header and payload.
+ */
+static inline struct nlmsghdr *__nlmsg_put(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 pid,
+                                           u32 seq, int type, int payload,
+                                           int flags)
+{
+        struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
+
+        nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *) skb_put(skb, nlmsg_total_size(payload));
+        nlh->nlmsg_type = type;
+        nlh->nlmsg_len = nlmsg_msg_size(payload);
+        nlh->nlmsg_flags = flags;
+        nlh->nlmsg_pid = pid;
+        nlh->nlmsg_seq = seq;
+
+        memset((unsigned char *) nlmsg_data(nlh) + payload, 0,
+               nlmsg_padlen(payload));
+
+        return nlh;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_put - Add a new netlink message to an skb
+ * @skb: socket buffer to store message in
+ * @pid: netlink process id
+ * @seq: sequence number of message
+ * @type: message type
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ * @flags: message flags
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the tailroom of the skb is insufficient to store
+ * the message header and payload.
+ */
+static inline struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_put(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 pid, u32 seq,
+                                         int type, int payload, int flags)
+{
+        if (unlikely(skb_tailroom(skb) < nlmsg_total_size(payload)))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return __nlmsg_put(skb, pid, seq, type, payload, flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_put_answer - Add a new callback based netlink message to an skb
+ * @skb: socket buffer to store message in
+ * @cb: netlink callback
+ * @type: message type
+ * @payload: length of message payload
+ * @flags: message flags
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the tailroom of the skb is insufficient to store
+ * the message header and payload.
+ */
+static inline struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg_put_answer(struct sk_buff *skb,
+                                                struct netlink_callback *cb,
+                                                int type, int payload,
+                                                int flags)
+{
+        return nlmsg_put(skb, NETLINK_CB(cb->skb).pid, cb->nlh->nlmsg_seq,
+                         type, payload, flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_new - Allocate a new netlink message
+ * @size: maximum size of message
+ *
+ * Use NLMSG_GOODSIZE if size isn't know and you need a good default size.
+ */
+static inline struct sk_buff *nlmsg_new(int size)
+{
+        return alloc_skb(NLMSG_GOODSIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_end - Finalize a netlink message
+ * @skb: socket buffer the message is stored in
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ *
+ * Corrects the netlink message header to include the appeneded
+ * attributes. Only necessary if attributes have been added to
+ * the message.
+ *
+ * Returns the total data length of the skb.
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_end(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh)
+{
+        nlh->nlmsg_len = skb->tail - (unsigned char *) nlh;
+
+        return skb->len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_cancel - Cancel construction of a netlink message
+ * @skb: socket buffer the message is stored in
+ * @nlh: netlink message header
+ *
+ * Removes the complete netlink message including all
+ * attributes from the socket buffer again. Returns -1.
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_cancel(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh)
+{
+        skb_trim(skb, (unsigned char *) nlh - skb->data);
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_free - free a netlink message
+ * @skb: socket buffer of netlink message
+ */
+static inline void nlmsg_free(struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+        kfree_skb(skb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_multicast - multicast a netlink message
+ * @sk: netlink socket to spread messages to
+ * @skb: netlink message as socket buffer
+ * @pid: own netlink pid to avoid sending to yourself
+ * @group: multicast group id
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_multicast(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
+                                  u32 pid, unsigned int group)
+{
+        int err;
+
+        NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = group;
+
+        err = netlink_broadcast(sk, skb, pid, group, GFP_KERNEL);
+        if (err > 0)
+                err = 0;
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_unicast - unicast a netlink message
+ * @sk: netlink socket to spread message to
+ * @skb: netlink message as socket buffer
+ * @pid: netlink pid of the destination socket
+ */
+static inline int nlmsg_unicast(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 pid)
+{
+        int err;
+
+        err = netlink_unicast(sk, skb, pid, MSG_DONTWAIT);
+        if (err > 0)
+                err = 0;
+
+        return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nlmsg_for_each_msg - iterate over a stream of messages
+ * @pos: loop counter, set to current message
+ * @head: head of message stream
+ * @len: length of message stream
+ * @rem: initialized to len, holds bytes currently remaining in stream
+ */
+#define nlmsg_for_each_msg(pos, head, len, rem) \
+        for (pos = head, rem = len; \
+             nlmsg_ok(pos, rem); \
+             pos = nlmsg_next(pos, &(rem)))
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ * Netlink Attributes
+ **************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * nla_attr_size - length of attribute not including padding
+ * @payload: length of payload
+ */
+static inline int nla_attr_size(int payload)
+{
+        return NLA_HDRLEN + payload;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_total_size - total length of attribute including padding
+ * @payload: length of payload
+ */
+static inline int nla_total_size(int payload)
+{
+        return NLA_ALIGN(nla_attr_size(payload));
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_padlen - length of padding at the tail of attribute
+ * @payload: length of payload
+ */
+static inline int nla_padlen(int payload)
+{
+        return nla_total_size(payload) - nla_attr_size(payload);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_data - head of payload
+ * @nla: netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline void *nla_data(const struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return (char *) nla + NLA_HDRLEN;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_len - length of payload
+ * @nla: netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline int nla_len(const struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_ok - check if the netlink attribute fits into the remaining bytes
+ * @nla: netlink attribute
+ * @remaining: number of bytes remaining in attribute stream
+ */
+static inline int nla_ok(const struct nlattr *nla, int remaining)
+{
+        return remaining >= sizeof(*nla) &&
+               nla->nla_len >= sizeof(*nla) &&
+               nla->nla_len <= remaining;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_next - next netlink attribte in attribute stream
+ * @nla: netlink attribute
+ * @remaining: number of bytes remaining in attribute stream
+ *
+ * Returns the next netlink attribute in the attribute stream and
+ * decrements remaining by the size of the current attribute.
+ */
+static inline struct nlattr *nla_next(const struct nlattr *nla, int *remaining)
+{
+        int totlen = NLA_ALIGN(nla->nla_len);
+
+        *remaining -= totlen;
+        return (struct nlattr *) ((char *) nla + totlen);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_parse_nested - parse nested attributes
+ * @tb: destination array with maxtype+1 elements
+ * @maxtype: maximum attribute type to be expected
+ * @nla: attribute containing the nested attributes
+ * @policy: validation policy
+ *
+ * See nla_parse()
+ */
+static inline int nla_parse_nested(struct nlattr *tb[], int maxtype,
+                                   struct nlattr *nla,
+                                   struct nla_policy *policy)
+{
+        return nla_parse(tb, maxtype, nla_data(nla), nla_len(nla), policy);
+}
+/**
+ * nla_put_u8 - Add a u16 netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @value: numeric value
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_u8(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype, u8 value)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, sizeof(u8), &value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_u16 - Add a u16 netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @value: numeric value
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_u16(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype, u16 value)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, sizeof(u16), &value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_u32 - Add a u32 netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @value: numeric value
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_u32(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype, u32 value)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, sizeof(u32), &value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_64 - Add a u64 netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @value: numeric value
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_u64(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype, u64 value)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, sizeof(u64), &value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_string - Add a string netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @str: NUL terminated string
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_string(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                 const char *str)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, strlen(str) + 1, str);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_flag - Add a flag netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_flag(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype)
+{
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_put_msecs - Add a msecs netlink attribute to a socket buffer
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attribute to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type
+ * @jiffies: number of msecs in jiffies
+ */
+static inline int nla_put_msecs(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype,
+                                unsigned long jiffies)
+{
+        u64 tmp = jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies);
+        return nla_put(skb, attrtype, sizeof(u64), &tmp);
+}
+
+#define NLA_PUT(skb, attrtype, attrlen, data) \
+        do { \
+                if (nla_put(skb, attrtype, attrlen, data) < 0) \
+                        goto nla_put_failure; \
+        } while(0)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_TYPE(skb, type, attrtype, value) \
+        do { \
+                type __tmp = value; \
+                NLA_PUT(skb, attrtype, sizeof(type), &__tmp); \
+        } while(0)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_U8(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT_TYPE(skb, u8, attrtype, value)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_U16(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT_TYPE(skb, u16, attrtype, value)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_U32(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT_TYPE(skb, u32, attrtype, value)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_U64(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT_TYPE(skb, u64, attrtype, value)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_STRING(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT(skb, attrtype, strlen(value) + 1, value)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_FLAG(skb, attrtype, value) \
+        NLA_PUT(skb, attrtype, 0, NULL)
+
+#define NLA_PUT_MSECS(skb, attrtype, jiffies) \
+        NLA_PUT_U64(skb, attrtype, jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies))
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_u32 - return payload of u32 attribute
+ * @nla: u32 netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline u32 nla_get_u32(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return *(u32 *) nla_data(nla);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_u16 - return payload of u16 attribute
+ * @nla: u16 netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline u16 nla_get_u16(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return *(u16 *) nla_data(nla);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_u8 - return payload of u8 attribute
+ * @nla: u8 netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline u8 nla_get_u8(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return *(u8 *) nla_data(nla);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_u64 - return payload of u64 attribute
+ * @nla: u64 netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline u64 nla_get_u64(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        u64 tmp;
+
+        nla_memcpy(&tmp, nla, sizeof(tmp));
+
+        return tmp;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_flag - return payload of flag attribute
+ * @nla: flag netlink attribute
+ */
+static inline int nla_get_flag(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        return !!nla;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_get_msecs - return payload of msecs attribute
+ * @nla: msecs netlink attribute
+ *
+ * Returns the number of milliseconds in jiffies.
+ */
+static inline unsigned long nla_get_msecs(struct nlattr *nla)
+{
+        u64 msecs = nla_get_u64(nla);
+
+        return msecs_to_jiffies((unsigned long) msecs);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_nest_start - Start a new level of nested attributes
+ * @skb: socket buffer to add attributes to
+ * @attrtype: attribute type of container
+ *
+ * Returns the container attribute
+ */
+static inline struct nlattr *nla_nest_start(struct sk_buff *skb, int attrtype)
+{
+        struct nlattr *start = (struct nlattr *) skb->tail;
+
+        if (nla_put(skb, attrtype, 0, NULL) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return start;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_nest_end - Finalize nesting of attributes
+ * @skb: socket buffer the attribtues are stored in
+ * @start: container attribute
+ *
+ * Corrects the container attribute header to include the all
+ * appeneded attributes.
+ *
+ * Returns the total data length of the skb.
+ */
+static inline int nla_nest_end(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlattr *start)
+{
+        start->nla_len = skb->tail - (unsigned char *) start;
+        return skb->len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_nest_cancel - Cancel nesting of attributes
+ * @skb: socket buffer the message is stored in
+ * @start: container attribute
+ *
+ * Removes the container attribute and including all nested
+ * attributes. Returns -1.
+ */
+static inline int nla_nest_cancel(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlattr *start)
+{
+        if (start)
+                skb_trim(skb, (unsigned char *) start - skb->data);
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nla_for_each_attr - iterate over a stream of attributes
+ * @pos: loop counter, set to current attribute
+ * @head: head of attribute stream
+ * @len: length of attribute stream
+ * @rem: initialized to len, holds bytes currently remaining in stream
+ */
+#define nla_for_each_attr(pos, head, len, rem) \
+        for (pos = head, rem = len; \
+             nla_ok(pos, rem); \
+             pos = nla_next(pos, &(rem)))
+
+#endif