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authorJesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>2005-09-06 18:17:49 -0400
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>2005-09-07 19:57:35 -0400
commit97de50c0add1e8f3b4e764c66a13c07235fee631 (patch)
tree161be1faee50800677bd01e1ca907cd135ffe0a0 /include
parent5e5d7a22292613e55da8e91d75bcc062fd861f41 (diff)
[PATCH] remove verify_area(): remove verify_area() from various uaccess.h headers
Remove the deprecated (and unused) verify_area() from various uaccess.h headers. Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'include')
-rw-r--r--include/asm-alpha/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-arm/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-arm26/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-cris/uaccess.h7
-rw-r--r--include/asm-frv/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-h8300/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-i386/uaccess.h24
-rw-r--r--include/asm-ia64/uaccess.h7
-rw-r--r--include/asm-m32r/uaccess.h25
-rw-r--r--include/asm-m68k/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-m68knommu/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-mips/uaccess.h23
-rw-r--r--include/asm-parisc/uaccess.h4
-rw-r--r--include/asm-ppc/uaccess.h7
-rw-r--r--include/asm-ppc64/uaccess.h7
-rw-r--r--include/asm-s390/uaccess.h7
-rw-r--r--include/asm-sh/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-sh64/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-sparc/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-sparc64/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-v850/uaccess.h6
-rw-r--r--include/asm-x86_64/uaccess.h7
22 files changed, 0 insertions, 190 deletions
diff --git a/include/asm-alpha/uaccess.h b/include/asm-alpha/uaccess.h
index 4c39ee750f38..22de3b434a22 100644
--- a/include/asm-alpha/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-alpha/uaccess.h
@@ -48,12 +48,6 @@
48 __access_ok(((unsigned long)(addr)),(size),get_fs()); \ 48 __access_ok(((unsigned long)(addr)),(size),get_fs()); \
49}) 49})
50 50
51/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
52extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
53{
54 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
55}
56
57/* 51/*
58 * These are the main single-value transfer routines. They automatically 52 * These are the main single-value transfer routines. They automatically
59 * use the right size if we just have the right pointer type. 53 * use the right size if we just have the right pointer type.
diff --git a/include/asm-arm/uaccess.h b/include/asm-arm/uaccess.h
index a7c018b8a0d4..a2fdad0138b3 100644
--- a/include/asm-arm/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-arm/uaccess.h
@@ -77,12 +77,6 @@ static inline void set_fs (mm_segment_t fs)
77 77
78#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0) 78#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0)
79 79
80/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
81static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user *addr, unsigned long size)
82{
83 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
84}
85
86/* 80/*
87 * Single-value transfer routines. They automatically use the right 81 * Single-value transfer routines. They automatically use the right
88 * size if we just have the right pointer type. Note that the functions 82 * size if we just have the right pointer type. Note that the functions
diff --git a/include/asm-arm26/uaccess.h b/include/asm-arm26/uaccess.h
index ab9ce38c6aec..3f2dd1093e58 100644
--- a/include/asm-arm26/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-arm26/uaccess.h
@@ -40,12 +40,6 @@ extern int fixup_exception(struct pt_regs *regs);
40 40
41#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0) 41#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0)
42 42
43/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
44static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
45{
46 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
47}
48
49/* 43/*
50 * Single-value transfer routines. They automatically use the right 44 * Single-value transfer routines. They automatically use the right
51 * size if we just have the right pointer type. Note that the functions 45 * size if we just have the right pointer type. Note that the functions
diff --git a/include/asm-cris/uaccess.h b/include/asm-cris/uaccess.h
index 6db17221fd9e..7d50086eb5ea 100644
--- a/include/asm-cris/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-cris/uaccess.h
@@ -91,13 +91,6 @@
91#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__kernel_ok || __user_ok((addr),(size))) 91#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__kernel_ok || __user_ok((addr),(size)))
92#define access_ok(type,addr,size) __access_ok((unsigned long)(addr),(size)) 92#define access_ok(type,addr,size) __access_ok((unsigned long)(addr),(size))
93 93
94/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
95extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
96{
97 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
98}
99
100
101#include <asm/arch/uaccess.h> 94#include <asm/arch/uaccess.h>
102 95
103/* 96/*
diff --git a/include/asm-frv/uaccess.h b/include/asm-frv/uaccess.h
index 32dc52e883e5..991b50fbba24 100644
--- a/include/asm-frv/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-frv/uaccess.h
@@ -67,12 +67,6 @@ static inline int ___range_ok(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
67#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok((addr), (size)) == 0) 67#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok((addr), (size)) == 0)
68#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__range_ok((addr), (size)) == 0) 68#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__range_ok((addr), (size)) == 0)
69 69
70/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() / __range_ok() instead */
71static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
72{
73 return __range_ok(addr, size);
74}
75
76/* 70/*
77 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 71 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
78 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 72 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-h8300/uaccess.h b/include/asm-h8300/uaccess.h
index 1480f307a474..ebe58c6c8387 100644
--- a/include/asm-h8300/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-h8300/uaccess.h
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ static inline int __access_ok(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
24 return(RANGE_CHECK_OK(addr, size, 0L, (unsigned long)&_ramend)); 24 return(RANGE_CHECK_OK(addr, size, 0L, (unsigned long)&_ramend));
25} 25}
26 26
27/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
28static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void *addr, unsigned long size)
29{
30 return access_ok(type,addr,size)?0:-EFAULT;
31}
32
33/* 27/*
34 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 28 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
35 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 29 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-i386/uaccess.h b/include/asm-i386/uaccess.h
index 886867aea947..89ab7e2bc5aa 100644
--- a/include/asm-i386/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-i386/uaccess.h
@@ -83,30 +83,6 @@ extern struct movsl_mask {
83 */ 83 */
84#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (likely(__range_ok(addr,size) == 0)) 84#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (likely(__range_ok(addr,size) == 0))
85 85
86/**
87 * verify_area: - Obsolete/deprecated and will go away soon,
88 * use access_ok() instead.
89 * @type: Type of access: %VERIFY_READ or %VERIFY_WRITE
90 * @addr: User space pointer to start of block to check
91 * @size: Size of block to check
92 *
93 * Context: User context only. This function may sleep.
94 *
95 * This function has been replaced by access_ok().
96 *
97 * Checks if a pointer to a block of memory in user space is valid.
98 *
99 * Returns zero if the memory block may be valid, -EFAULT
100 * if it is definitely invalid.
101 *
102 * See access_ok() for more details.
103 */
104static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
105{
106 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
107}
108
109
110/* 86/*
111 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 87 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
112 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 88 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-ia64/uaccess.h b/include/asm-ia64/uaccess.h
index 8edd9a90949c..3a7829bb5954 100644
--- a/include/asm-ia64/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-ia64/uaccess.h
@@ -72,13 +72,6 @@
72}) 72})
73#define access_ok(type, addr, size) __access_ok((addr), (size), get_fs()) 73#define access_ok(type, addr, size) __access_ok((addr), (size), get_fs())
74 74
75/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
76static inline int __deprecated
77verify_area (int type, const void __user *addr, unsigned long size)
78{
79 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
80}
81
82/* 75/*
83 * These are the main single-value transfer routines. They automatically 76 * These are the main single-value transfer routines. They automatically
84 * use the right size if we just have the right pointer type. 77 * use the right size if we just have the right pointer type.
diff --git a/include/asm-m32r/uaccess.h b/include/asm-m32r/uaccess.h
index bbb8ac4018a0..93d863c455a1 100644
--- a/include/asm-m32r/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-m32r/uaccess.h
@@ -120,31 +120,6 @@ static inline int access_ok(int type, const void *addr, unsigned long size)
120} 120}
121#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */ 121#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
122 122
123/**
124 * verify_area: - Obsolete/deprecated and will go away soon,
125 * use access_ok() instead.
126 * @type: Type of access: %VERIFY_READ or %VERIFY_WRITE
127 * @addr: User space pointer to start of block to check
128 * @size: Size of block to check
129 *
130 * Context: User context only. This function may sleep.
131 *
132 * This function has been replaced by access_ok().
133 *
134 * Checks if a pointer to a block of memory in user space is valid.
135 *
136 * Returns zero if the memory block may be valid, -EFAULT
137 * if it is definitely invalid.
138 *
139 * See access_ok() for more details.
140 */
141static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user *addr,
142 unsigned long size)
143{
144 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
145}
146
147
148/* 123/*
149 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 124 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
150 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 125 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-m68k/uaccess.h b/include/asm-m68k/uaccess.h
index 605e6cb811f8..f5cedf19cf68 100644
--- a/include/asm-m68k/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-m68k/uaccess.h
@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@
14/* We let the MMU do all checking */ 14/* We let the MMU do all checking */
15#define access_ok(type,addr,size) 1 15#define access_ok(type,addr,size) 1
16 16
17/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
18static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void *addr, unsigned long size)
19{
20 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
21}
22
23/* 17/*
24 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 18 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
25 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 19 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-m68knommu/uaccess.h b/include/asm-m68knommu/uaccess.h
index f0be74bb353c..05be9515a2d2 100644
--- a/include/asm-m68knommu/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-m68knommu/uaccess.h
@@ -23,12 +23,6 @@ static inline int _access_ok(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
23 (is_in_rom(addr) && is_in_rom(addr+size))); 23 (is_in_rom(addr) && is_in_rom(addr+size)));
24} 24}
25 25
26/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
27extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
28{
29 return access_ok(type,addr,size)?0:-EFAULT;
30}
31
32/* 26/*
33 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 27 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
34 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 28 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-mips/uaccess.h b/include/asm-mips/uaccess.h
index a543ead72ecf..5c2c98329012 100644
--- a/include/asm-mips/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-mips/uaccess.h
@@ -112,29 +112,6 @@
112 likely(__access_ok((unsigned long)(addr), (size),__access_mask)) 112 likely(__access_ok((unsigned long)(addr), (size),__access_mask))
113 113
114/* 114/*
115 * verify_area: - Obsolete/deprecated and will go away soon,
116 * use access_ok() instead.
117 * @type: Type of access: %VERIFY_READ or %VERIFY_WRITE
118 * @addr: User space pointer to start of block to check
119 * @size: Size of block to check
120 *
121 * Context: User context only. This function may sleep.
122 *
123 * This function has been replaced by access_ok().
124 *
125 * Checks if a pointer to a block of memory in user space is valid.
126 *
127 * Returns zero if the memory block may be valid, -EFAULT
128 * if it is definitely invalid.
129 *
130 * See access_ok() for more details.
131 */
132static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
133{
134 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
135}
136
137/*
138 * put_user: - Write a simple value into user space. 115 * put_user: - Write a simple value into user space.
139 * @x: Value to copy to user space. 116 * @x: Value to copy to user space.
140 * @ptr: Destination address, in user space. 117 * @ptr: Destination address, in user space.
diff --git a/include/asm-parisc/uaccess.h b/include/asm-parisc/uaccess.h
index c1b5bdea53ee..f6c417c8c484 100644
--- a/include/asm-parisc/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-parisc/uaccess.h
@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ static inline long access_ok(int type, const void __user * addr,
40 return 1; 40 return 1;
41} 41}
42 42
43#define verify_area(type,addr,size) (0) /* FIXME: all users should go away soon,
44 * and use access_ok instead, then this
45 * should be removed. */
46
47#define put_user __put_user 43#define put_user __put_user
48#define get_user __get_user 44#define get_user __get_user
49 45
diff --git a/include/asm-ppc/uaccess.h b/include/asm-ppc/uaccess.h
index b044ae03ac56..63f56224da8c 100644
--- a/include/asm-ppc/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-ppc/uaccess.h
@@ -37,13 +37,6 @@
37#define access_ok(type, addr, size) \ 37#define access_ok(type, addr, size) \
38 (__chk_user_ptr(addr),__access_ok((unsigned long)(addr),(size))) 38 (__chk_user_ptr(addr),__access_ok((unsigned long)(addr),(size)))
39 39
40/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
41extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
42{
43 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
44}
45
46
47/* 40/*
48 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 41 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
49 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 42 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-ppc64/uaccess.h b/include/asm-ppc64/uaccess.h
index 05b5943ab1ee..c181a60d868c 100644
--- a/include/asm-ppc64/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-ppc64/uaccess.h
@@ -56,13 +56,6 @@
56#define access_ok(type,addr,size) \ 56#define access_ok(type,addr,size) \
57 __access_ok(((__force unsigned long)(addr)),(size),get_fs()) 57 __access_ok(((__force unsigned long)(addr)),(size),get_fs())
58 58
59/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
60static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user *addr, unsigned long size)
61{
62 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
63}
64
65
66/* 59/*
67 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 60 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
68 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 61 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-s390/uaccess.h b/include/asm-s390/uaccess.h
index 3e3bfe6a8fa8..38a5cf8ab9e3 100644
--- a/include/asm-s390/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-s390/uaccess.h
@@ -65,13 +65,6 @@
65 65
66#define access_ok(type,addr,size) __access_ok(addr,size) 66#define access_ok(type,addr,size) __access_ok(addr,size)
67 67
68/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
69extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user *addr,
70 unsigned long size)
71{
72 return access_ok(type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
73}
74
75/* 68/*
76 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 69 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
77 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 70 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-sh/uaccess.h b/include/asm-sh/uaccess.h
index fb9e334afa2b..2cb01861e7c5 100644
--- a/include/asm-sh/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-sh/uaccess.h
@@ -146,12 +146,6 @@ static inline int access_ok(int type, const void __user *p, unsigned long size)
146 return __access_ok(addr, size); 146 return __access_ok(addr, size);
147} 147}
148 148
149/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
150static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
151{
152 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
153}
154
155/* 149/*
156 * Uh, these should become the main single-value transfer routines ... 150 * Uh, these should become the main single-value transfer routines ...
157 * They automatically use the right size if we just have the right 151 * They automatically use the right size if we just have the right
diff --git a/include/asm-sh64/uaccess.h b/include/asm-sh64/uaccess.h
index a33654d576a1..56aa3cf0f273 100644
--- a/include/asm-sh64/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-sh64/uaccess.h
@@ -60,12 +60,6 @@
60#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0) 60#define access_ok(type,addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0)
61#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0) 61#define __access_ok(addr,size) (__range_ok(addr,size) == 0)
62 62
63/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
64extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
65{
66 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
67}
68
69/* 63/*
70 * Uh, these should become the main single-value transfer routines ... 64 * Uh, these should become the main single-value transfer routines ...
71 * They automatically use the right size if we just have the right 65 * They automatically use the right size if we just have the right
diff --git a/include/asm-sparc/uaccess.h b/include/asm-sparc/uaccess.h
index 0a780e84a12b..f8f1ec1f06e6 100644
--- a/include/asm-sparc/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-sparc/uaccess.h
@@ -47,12 +47,6 @@
47#define access_ok(type, addr, size) \ 47#define access_ok(type, addr, size) \
48 ({ (void)(type); __access_ok((unsigned long)(addr), size); }) 48 ({ (void)(type); __access_ok((unsigned long)(addr), size); })
49 49
50/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
51static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
52{
53 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
54}
55
56/* 50/*
57 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 51 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
58 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 52 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-sparc64/uaccess.h b/include/asm-sparc64/uaccess.h
index 5690142f82de..80a65d7e3dbf 100644
--- a/include/asm-sparc64/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-sparc64/uaccess.h
@@ -59,12 +59,6 @@ static inline int access_ok(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long si
59 return 1; 59 return 1;
60} 60}
61 61
62/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
63static inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
64{
65 return 0;
66}
67
68/* 62/*
69 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 63 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
70 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 64 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-v850/uaccess.h b/include/asm-v850/uaccess.h
index 4386cfc6a8dd..188b28597cf1 100644
--- a/include/asm-v850/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-v850/uaccess.h
@@ -27,12 +27,6 @@ extern inline int access_ok (int type, const void *addr, unsigned long size)
27 return val >= (0x80 + NUM_CPU_IRQS*16) && val < 0xFFFFF000; 27 return val >= (0x80 + NUM_CPU_IRQS*16) && val < 0xFFFFF000;
28} 28}
29 29
30/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
31extern inline int __deprecated verify_area (int type, const void *addr, unsigned long size)
32{
33 return access_ok (type, addr, size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
34}
35
36/* 30/*
37 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 31 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
38 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 32 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is
diff --git a/include/asm-x86_64/uaccess.h b/include/asm-x86_64/uaccess.h
index 48f292752c96..1bb8b8a24436 100644
--- a/include/asm-x86_64/uaccess.h
+++ b/include/asm-x86_64/uaccess.h
@@ -49,13 +49,6 @@
49 49
50#define access_ok(type, addr, size) (__range_not_ok(addr,size) == 0) 50#define access_ok(type, addr, size) (__range_not_ok(addr,size) == 0)
51 51
52/* this function will go away soon - use access_ok() instead */
53extern inline int __deprecated verify_area(int type, const void __user * addr, unsigned long size)
54{
55 return access_ok(type,addr,size) ? 0 : -EFAULT;
56}
57
58
59/* 52/*
60 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the 53 * The exception table consists of pairs of addresses: the first is the
61 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is 54 * address of an instruction that is allowed to fault, and the second is