Introduce new top level suspend and hibernation callbacks

Introduce 'struct pm_ops' and 'struct pm_ext_ops' ('ext' meaning
'extended') representing suspend and hibernation operations for bus
types, device classes, device types and device drivers.

Modify the PM core to use 'struct pm_ops' and 'struct pm_ext_ops'
objects, if defined, instead of the ->suspend(), ->resume(),
->suspend_late(), and ->resume_early() callbacks (the old callbacks
will be considered as legacy and gradually phased out).

The main purpose of doing this is to separate suspend (aka S2RAM and
standby) callbacks from hibernation callbacks in such a way that the
new callbacks won't take arguments and the semantics of each of them
will be clearly specified.  This has been requested for multiple
times by many people, including Linus himself, and the reason is that
within the current scheme if ->resume() is called, for example, it's
difficult to say why it's been called (ie. is it a resume from RAM or
from hibernation or a suspend/hibernation failure etc.?).

The second purpose is to make the suspend/hibernation callbacks more
flexible so that device drivers can handle more than they can within
the current scheme.  For example, some drivers may need to prevent
new children of the device from being registered before their
->suspend() callbacks are executed or they may want to carry out some
operations requiring the availability of some other devices, not
directly bound via the parent-child relationship, in order to prepare
for the execution of ->suspend(), etc.

Ultimately, we'd like to stop using the freezing of tasks for suspend
and therefore the drivers' suspend/hibernation code will have to take
care of the handling of the user space during suspend/hibernation.
That, in turn, would be difficult within the current scheme, without
the new ->prepare() and ->complete() callbacks.

Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>

2 files changed, 295 insertions, 28 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/device.h b/include/linux/device.h
index 6a2d04c011bc..f71a78d123ae 100644
--- a/include/linux/device.h
+++ b/include/linux/device.h
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ struct bus_type {
         int (*resume_early)(struct device *dev);
         int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
 
+        struct pm_ext_ops *pm;
+
         struct bus_type_private *p;
 };
 
@@ -131,6 +133,8 @@ struct device_driver {
         int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
         struct attribute_group **groups;
 
+        struct pm_ops *pm;
+
         struct driver_private *p;
 };
 
@@ -197,6 +201,8 @@ struct class {
 
         int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
         int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
+
+        struct pm_ops *pm;
 };
 
 extern int __must_check class_register(struct class *class);
@@ -248,8 +254,11 @@ struct device_type {
         struct attribute_group **groups;
         int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
         void (*release)(struct device *dev);
+
         int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
         int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
+
+        struct pm_ops *pm;
 };
 
 /* interface for exporting device attributes */
diff --git a/include/linux/pm.h b/include/linux/pm.h
index 39a7ee859b67..4ad9de94449a 100644
--- a/include/linux/pm.h
+++ b/include/linux/pm.h
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ typedef struct pm_message {
         int event;
 } pm_message_t;
 
-/*
+/**
+ * struct pm_ops - device PM callbacks
+ *
  * Several driver power state transitions are externally visible, affecting
  * the state of pending I/O queues and (for drivers that touch hardware)
  * interrupts, wakeups, DMA, and other hardware state.  There may also be
@@ -120,6 +122,284 @@ typedef struct pm_message {
  * to the rest of the driver stack (such as a driver that's ON gating off
  * clocks which are not in active use).
  *
+ * The externally visible transitions are handled with the help of the following
+ * callbacks included in this structure:
+ *
+ * @prepare: Prepare the device for the upcoming transition, but do NOT change
+ *      its hardware state.  Prevent new children of the device from being
+ *      registered after @prepare() returns (the driver's subsystem and
+ *      generally the rest of the kernel is supposed to prevent new calls to the
+ *      probe method from being made too once @prepare() has succeeded).  If
+ *      @prepare() detects a situation it cannot handle (e.g. registration of a
+ *      child already in progress), it may return -EAGAIN, so that the PM core
+ *      can execute it once again (e.g. after the new child has been registered)
+ *      to recover from the race condition.  This method is executed for all
+ *      kinds of suspend transitions and is followed by one of the suspend
+ *      callbacks: @suspend(), @freeze(), or @poweroff().
+ *      The PM core executes @prepare() for all devices before starting to
+ *      execute suspend callbacks for any of them, so drivers may assume all of
+ *      the other devices to be present and functional while @prepare() is being
+ *      executed.  In particular, it is safe to make GFP_KERNEL memory
+ *      allocations from within @prepare().  However, drivers may NOT assume
+ *      anything about the availability of the user space at that time and it
+ *      is not correct to request firmware from within @prepare() (it's too
+ *      late to do that).  [To work around this limitation, drivers may
+ *      register suspend and hibernation notifiers that are executed before the
+ *      freezing of tasks.]
+ *
+ * @complete: Undo the changes made by @prepare().  This method is executed for
+ *      all kinds of resume transitions, following one of the resume callbacks:
+ *      @resume(), @thaw(), @restore().  Also called if the state transition
+ *      fails before the driver's suspend callback (@suspend(), @freeze(),
+ *      @poweroff()) can be executed (e.g. if the suspend callback fails for one
+ *      of the other devices that the PM core has unsuccessfully attempted to
+ *      suspend earlier).
+ *      The PM core executes @complete() after it has executed the appropriate
+ *      resume callback for all devices.
+ *
+ * @suspend: Executed before putting the system into a sleep state in which the
+ *      contents of main memory are preserved.  Quiesce the device, put it into
+ *      a low power state appropriate for the upcoming system state (such as
+ *      PCI_D3hot), and enable wakeup events as appropriate.
+ *
+ * @resume: Executed after waking the system up from a sleep state in which the
+ *      contents of main memory were preserved.  Put the device into the
+ *      appropriate state, according to the information saved in memory by the
+ *      preceding @suspend().  The driver starts working again, responding to
+ *      hardware events and software requests.  The hardware may have gone
+ *      through a power-off reset, or it may have maintained state from the
+ *      previous suspend() which the driver may rely on while resuming.  On most
+ *      platforms, there are no restrictions on availability of resources like
+ *      clocks during @resume().
+ *
+ * @freeze: Hibernation-specific, executed before creating a hibernation image.
+ *      Quiesce operations so that a consistent image can be created, but do NOT
+ *      otherwise put the device into a low power device state and do NOT emit
+ *      system wakeup events.  Save in main memory the device settings to be
+ *      used by @restore() during the subsequent resume from hibernation or by
+ *      the subsequent @thaw(), if the creation of the image or the restoration
+ *      of main memory contents from it fails.
+ *
+ * @thaw: Hibernation-specific, executed after creating a hibernation image OR
+ *      if the creation of the image fails.  Also executed after a failing
+ *      attempt to restore the contents of main memory from such an image.
+ *      Undo the changes made by the preceding @freeze(), so the device can be
+ *      operated in the same way as immediately before the call to @freeze().
+ *
+ * @poweroff: Hibernation-specific, executed after saving a hibernation image.
+ *      Quiesce the device, put it into a low power state appropriate for the
+ *      upcoming system state (such as PCI_D3hot), and enable wakeup events as
+ *      appropriate.
+ *
+ * @restore: Hibernation-specific, executed after restoring the contents of main
+ *      memory from a hibernation image.  Driver starts working again,
+ *      responding to hardware events and software requests.  Drivers may NOT
+ *      make ANY assumptions about the hardware state right prior to @restore().
+ *      On most platforms, there are no restrictions on availability of
+ *      resources like clocks during @restore().
+ *
+ * All of the above callbacks, except for @complete(), return error codes.
+ * However, the error codes returned by the resume operations, @resume(),
+ * @thaw(), and @restore(), do not cause the PM core to abort the resume
+ * transition during which they are returned.  The error codes returned in
+ * that cases are only printed by the PM core to the system logs for debugging
+ * purposes.  Still, it is recommended that drivers only return error codes
+ * from their resume methods in case of an unrecoverable failure (i.e. when the
+ * device being handled refuses to resume and becomes unusable) to allow us to
+ * modify the PM core in the future, so that it can avoid attempting to handle
+ * devices that failed to resume and their children.
+ *
+ * It is allowed to unregister devices while the above callbacks are being
+ * executed.  However, it is not allowed to unregister a device from within any
+ * of its own callbacks.
+ */
+
+struct pm_ops {
+        int (*prepare)(struct device *dev);
+        void (*complete)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*suspend)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*freeze)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*thaw)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*poweroff)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*restore)(struct device *dev);
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct pm_ext_ops - extended device PM callbacks
+ *
+ * Some devices require certain operations related to suspend and hibernation
+ * to be carried out with interrupts disabled.  Thus, 'struct pm_ext_ops' below
+ * is defined, adding callbacks to be executed with interrupts disabled to
+ * 'struct pm_ops'.
+ *
+ * The following callbacks included in 'struct pm_ext_ops' are executed with
+ * the nonboot CPUs switched off and with interrupts disabled on the only
+ * functional CPU.  They also are executed with the PM core list of devices
+ * locked, so they must NOT unregister any devices.
+ *
+ * @suspend_noirq: Complete the operations of ->suspend() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for suspending the device that need interrupts to be
+ *      disabled
+ *
+ * @resume_noirq: Prepare for the execution of ->resume() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for resuming the device that need interrupts to be
+ *      disabled
+ *
+ * @freeze_noirq: Complete the operations of ->freeze() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for freezing the device that need interrupts to be
+ *      disabled
+ *
+ * @thaw_noirq: Prepare for the execution of ->thaw() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for thawing the device that need interrupts to be
+ *      disabled
+ *
+ * @poweroff_noirq: Complete the operations of ->poweroff() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for handling the device that need interrupts to be
+ *      disabled
+ *
+ * @restore_noirq: Prepare for the execution of ->restore() by carrying out any
+ *      actions required for restoring the operations of the device that need
+ *      interrupts to be disabled
+ *
+ * All of the above callbacks return error codes, but the error codes returned
+ * by the resume operations, @resume_noirq(), @thaw_noirq(), and
+ * @restore_noirq(), do not cause the PM core to abort the resume transition
+ * during which they are returned.  The error codes returned in that cases are
+ * only printed by the PM core to the system logs for debugging purposes.
+ * Still, as stated above, it is recommended that drivers only return error
+ * codes from their resume methods if the device being handled fails to resume
+ * and is not usable any more.
+ */
+
+struct pm_ext_ops {
+        struct pm_ops base;
+        int (*suspend_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*resume_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*freeze_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*thaw_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*poweroff_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+        int (*restore_noirq)(struct device *dev);
+};
+
+/**
+ * PM_EVENT_ messages
+ *
+ * The following PM_EVENT_ messages are defined for the internal use of the PM
+ * core, in order to provide a mechanism allowing the high level suspend and
+ * hibernation code to convey the necessary information to the device PM core
+ * code:
+ *
+ * ON           No transition.
+ *
+ * FREEZE       System is going to hibernate, call ->prepare() and ->freeze()
+ *              for all devices.
+ *
+ * SUSPEND      System is going to suspend, call ->prepare() and ->suspend()
+ *              for all devices.
+ *
+ * HIBERNATE    Hibernation image has been saved, call ->prepare() and
+ *              ->poweroff() for all devices.
+ *
+ * QUIESCE      Contents of main memory are going to be restored from a (loaded)
+ *              hibernation image, call ->prepare() and ->freeze() for all
+ *              devices.
+ *
+ * RESUME       System is resuming, call ->resume() and ->complete() for all
+ *              devices.
+ *
+ * THAW         Hibernation image has been created, call ->thaw() and
+ *              ->complete() for all devices.
+ *
+ * RESTORE      Contents of main memory have been restored from a hibernation
+ *              image, call ->restore() and ->complete() for all devices.
+ *
+ * RECOVER      Creation of a hibernation image or restoration of the main
+ *              memory contents from a hibernation image has failed, call
+ *              ->thaw() and ->complete() for all devices.
+ */
+
+#define PM_EVENT_ON             0x0000
+#define PM_EVENT_FREEZE         0x0001
+#define PM_EVENT_SUSPEND        0x0002
+#define PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE      0x0004
+#define PM_EVENT_QUIESCE        0x0008
+#define PM_EVENT_RESUME         0x0010
+#define PM_EVENT_THAW           0x0020
+#define PM_EVENT_RESTORE        0x0040
+#define PM_EVENT_RECOVER        0x0080
+
+#define PM_EVENT_SLEEP  (PM_EVENT_SUSPEND | PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE)
+
+#define PMSG_FREEZE     ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_FREEZE, })
+#define PMSG_QUIESCE    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_QUIESCE, })
+#define PMSG_SUSPEND    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_SUSPEND, })
+#define PMSG_HIBERNATE  ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE, })
+#define PMSG_RESUME     ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_RESUME, })
+#define PMSG_THAW       ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_THAW, })
+#define PMSG_RESTORE    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_RESTORE, })
+#define PMSG_RECOVER    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_RECOVER, })
+#define PMSG_ON         ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_ON, })
+
+/**
+ * Device power management states
+ *
+ * These state labels are used internally by the PM core to indicate the current
+ * status of a device with respect to the PM core operations.
+ *
+ * DPM_ON               Device is regarded as operational.  Set this way
+ *                      initially and when ->complete() is about to be called.
+ *                      Also set when ->prepare() fails.
+ *
+ * DPM_PREPARING        Device is going to be prepared for a PM transition.  Set
+ *                      when ->prepare() is about to be called.
+ *
+ * DPM_RESUMING         Device is going to be resumed.  Set when ->resume(),
+ *                      ->thaw(), or ->restore() is about to be called.
+ *
+ * DPM_SUSPENDING       Device has been prepared for a power transition.  Set
+ *                      when ->prepare() has just succeeded.
+ *
+ * DPM_OFF              Device is regarded as inactive.  Set immediately after
+ *                      ->suspend(), ->freeze(), or ->poweroff() has succeeded.
+ *                      Also set when ->resume()_noirq, ->thaw_noirq(), or
+ *                      ->restore_noirq() is about to be called.
+ *
+ * DPM_OFF_IRQ          Device is in a "deep sleep".  Set immediately after
+ *                      ->suspend_noirq(), ->freeze_noirq(), or
+ *                      ->poweroff_noirq() has just succeeded.
+ */
+
+enum dpm_state {
+        DPM_INVALID,
+        DPM_ON,
+        DPM_PREPARING,
+        DPM_RESUMING,
+        DPM_SUSPENDING,
+        DPM_OFF,
+        DPM_OFF_IRQ,
+};
+
+struct dev_pm_info {
+        pm_message_t            power_state;
+        unsigned                can_wakeup:1;
+        unsigned                should_wakeup:1;
+        enum dpm_state          status;         /* Owned by the PM core */
+#ifdef  CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+        struct list_head        entry;
+#endif
+};
+
+/*
+ * The PM_EVENT_ messages are also used by drivers implementing the legacy
+ * suspend framework, based on the ->suspend() and ->resume() callbacks common
+ * for suspend and hibernation transitions, according to the rules below.
+ */
+
+/* Necessary, because several drivers use PM_EVENT_PRETHAW */
+#define PM_EVENT_PRETHAW PM_EVENT_QUIESCE
+
+/*
  * One transition is triggered by resume(), after a suspend() call; the
  * message is implicit:
  *
@@ -164,35 +444,13 @@ typedef struct pm_message {
  * or from system low-power states such as standby or suspend-to-RAM.
  */
 
-#define PM_EVENT_ON 0
-#define PM_EVENT_FREEZE 1
-#define PM_EVENT_SUSPEND 2
-#define PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE 4
-#define PM_EVENT_PRETHAW 8
-
-#define PM_EVENT_SLEEP  (PM_EVENT_SUSPEND | PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE)
-
-#define PMSG_FREEZE     ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_FREEZE, })
-#define PMSG_PRETHAW    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_PRETHAW, })
-#define PMSG_SUSPEND    ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_SUSPEND, })
-#define PMSG_HIBERNATE  ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE, })
-#define PMSG_ON         ((struct pm_message){ .event = PM_EVENT_ON, })
-
-struct dev_pm_info {
-        pm_message_t            power_state;
-        unsigned                can_wakeup:1;
-        unsigned                should_wakeup:1;
-        bool                    sleeping:1;     /* Owned by the PM core */
-#ifdef  CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
-        struct list_head        entry;
-#endif
-};
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+extern void device_pm_lock(void);
+extern void device_power_up(pm_message_t state);
+extern void device_resume(pm_message_t state);
 
+extern void device_pm_unlock(void);
 extern int device_power_down(pm_message_t state);
-extern void device_power_up(void);
-extern void device_resume(void);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
 extern int device_suspend(pm_message_t state);
 extern int device_prepare_suspend(pm_message_t state);