ext4: add support for multiple mount protection

Prevent an ext4 filesystem from being mounted multiple times.
A sequence number is stored on disk and is periodically updated (every 5
seconds by default) by a mounted filesystem.
At mount time, we now wait for s_mmp_update_interval seconds to make sure
that the MMP sequence does not change.
In case of failure, the nodename, bdevname and the time at which the MMP
block was last updated is displayed.

Signed-off-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@whamcloud.com>
Signed-off-by: Johann Lombardi <johann@whamcloud.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

1 files changed, 351 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ext4/mmp.c b/fs/ext4/mmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9bdef3f537c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ext4/mmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/utsname.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+
+#include "ext4.h"
+
+/*
+ * Write the MMP block using WRITE_SYNC to try to get the block on-disk
+ * faster.
+ */
+static int write_mmp_block(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+        mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+        lock_buffer(bh);
+        bh->b_end_io = end_buffer_write_sync;
+        get_bh(bh);
+        submit_bh(WRITE_SYNC, bh);
+        wait_on_buffer(bh);
+        if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
+                return 1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the MMP block. It _must_ be read from disk and hence we clear the
+ * uptodate flag on the buffer.
+ */
+static int read_mmp_block(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head **bh,
+                          ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block)
+{
+        struct mmp_struct *mmp;
+
+        if (*bh)
+                clear_buffer_uptodate(*bh);
+
+        /* This would be sb_bread(sb, mmp_block), except we need to be sure
+         * that the MD RAID device cache has been bypassed, and that the read
+         * is not blocked in the elevator. */
+        if (!*bh)
+                *bh = sb_getblk(sb, mmp_block);
+        if (*bh) {
+                get_bh(*bh);
+                lock_buffer(*bh);
+                (*bh)->b_end_io = end_buffer_read_sync;
+                submit_bh(READ_SYNC, *bh);
+                wait_on_buffer(*bh);
+                if (!buffer_uptodate(*bh)) {
+                        brelse(*bh);
+                        *bh = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+        if (!*bh) {
+                ext4_warning(sb, "Error while reading MMP block %llu",
+                             mmp_block);
+                return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)((*bh)->b_data);
+        if (le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_magic) != EXT4_MMP_MAGIC)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dump as much information as possible to help the admin.
+ */
+void __dump_mmp_msg(struct super_block *sb, struct mmp_struct *mmp,
+                    const char *function, unsigned int line, const char *msg)
+{
+        __ext4_warning(sb, function, line, msg);
+        __ext4_warning(sb, function, line,
+                       "MMP failure info: last update time: %llu, last update "
+                       "node: %s, last update device: %s\n",
+                       (long long unsigned int) le64_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_time),
+                       mmp->mmp_nodename, mmp->mmp_bdevname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * kmmpd will update the MMP sequence every s_mmp_update_interval seconds
+ */
+static int kmmpd(void *data)
+{
+        struct super_block *sb = ((struct mmpd_data *) data)->sb;
+        struct buffer_head *bh = ((struct mmpd_data *) data)->bh;
+        struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
+        struct mmp_struct *mmp;
+        ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block;
+        u32 seq = 0;
+        unsigned long failed_writes = 0;
+        int mmp_update_interval = le16_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_update_interval);
+        unsigned mmp_check_interval;
+        unsigned long last_update_time;
+        unsigned long diff;
+        int retval;
+
+        mmp_block = le64_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_block);
+        mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data);
+        mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(get_seconds());
+        /*
+         * Start with the higher mmp_check_interval and reduce it if
+         * the MMP block is being updated on time.
+         */
+        mmp_check_interval = max(EXT4_MMP_CHECK_MULT * mmp_update_interval,
+                                 EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL);
+        mmp->mmp_check_interval = cpu_to_le16(mmp_check_interval);
+        bdevname(bh->b_bdev, mmp->mmp_bdevname);
+
+        memcpy(mmp->mmp_nodename, init_utsname()->sysname,
+               sizeof(mmp->mmp_nodename));
+
+        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
+                if (++seq > EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX)
+                        seq = 1;
+
+                mmp->mmp_seq = cpu_to_le32(seq);
+                mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(get_seconds());
+                last_update_time = jiffies;
+
+                retval = write_mmp_block(bh);
+                /*
+                 * Don't spew too many error messages. Print one every
+                 * (s_mmp_update_interval * 60) seconds.
+                 */
+                if (retval && (failed_writes % 60) == 0) {
+                        ext4_error(sb, "Error writing to MMP block");
+                        failed_writes++;
+                }
+
+                if (!(le32_to_cpu(es->s_feature_incompat) &
+                    EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP)) {
+                        ext4_warning(sb, "kmmpd being stopped since MMP feature"
+                                     " has been disabled.");
+                        EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL;
+                        goto failed;
+                }
+
+                if (sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+                        ext4_warning(sb, "kmmpd being stopped since filesystem "
+                                     "has been remounted as readonly.");
+                        EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL;
+                        goto failed;
+                }
+
+                diff = jiffies - last_update_time;
+                if (diff < mmp_update_interval * HZ)
+                        schedule_timeout_interruptible(mmp_update_interval *
+                                                       HZ - diff);
+
+                /*
+                 * We need to make sure that more than mmp_check_interval
+                 * seconds have not passed since writing. If that has happened
+                 * we need to check if the MMP block is as we left it.
+                 */
+                diff = jiffies - last_update_time;
+                if (diff > mmp_check_interval * HZ) {
+                        struct buffer_head *bh_check = NULL;
+                        struct mmp_struct *mmp_check;
+
+                        retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh_check, mmp_block);
+                        if (retval) {
+                                ext4_error(sb, "error reading MMP data: %d",
+                                           retval);
+
+                                EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL;
+                                goto failed;
+                        }
+
+                        mmp_check = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh_check->b_data);
+                        if (mmp->mmp_seq != mmp_check->mmp_seq ||
+                            memcmp(mmp->mmp_nodename, mmp_check->mmp_nodename,
+                                   sizeof(mmp->mmp_nodename))) {
+                                dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp_check,
+                                             "Error while updating MMP info. "
+                                             "The filesystem seems to have been"
+                                             " multiply mounted.");
+                                ext4_error(sb, "abort");
+                                goto failed;
+                        }
+                        put_bh(bh_check);
+                }
+
+                 /*
+                 * Adjust the mmp_check_interval depending on how much time
+                 * it took for the MMP block to be written.
+                 */
+                mmp_check_interval = max(min(EXT4_MMP_CHECK_MULT * diff / HZ,
+                                             EXT4_MMP_MAX_CHECK_INTERVAL),
+                                         EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL);
+                mmp->mmp_check_interval = cpu_to_le16(mmp_check_interval);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Unmount seems to be clean.
+         */
+        mmp->mmp_seq = cpu_to_le32(EXT4_MMP_SEQ_CLEAN);
+        mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(get_seconds());
+
+        retval = write_mmp_block(bh);
+
+failed:
+        kfree(data);
+        brelse(bh);
+        return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a random new sequence number but make sure it is not greater than
+ * EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX.
+ */
+static unsigned int mmp_new_seq(void)
+{
+        u32 new_seq;
+
+        do {
+                get_random_bytes(&new_seq, sizeof(u32));
+        } while (new_seq > EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX);
+
+        return new_seq;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Protect the filesystem from being mounted more than once.
+ */
+int ext4_multi_mount_protect(struct super_block *sb,
+                                    ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block)
+{
+        struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
+        struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
+        struct mmp_struct *mmp = NULL;
+        struct mmpd_data *mmpd_data;
+        u32 seq;
+        unsigned int mmp_check_interval = le16_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_update_interval);
+        unsigned int wait_time = 0;
+        int retval;
+
+        if (mmp_block < le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block) ||
+            mmp_block >= ext4_blocks_count(es)) {
+                ext4_warning(sb, "Invalid MMP block in superblock");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block);
+        if (retval)
+                goto failed;
+
+        mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data);
+
+        if (mmp_check_interval < EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL)
+                mmp_check_interval = EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL;
+
+        /*
+         * If check_interval in MMP block is larger, use that instead of
+         * update_interval from the superblock.
+         */
+        if (mmp->mmp_check_interval > mmp_check_interval)
+                mmp_check_interval = mmp->mmp_check_interval;
+
+        seq = le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq);
+        if (seq == EXT4_MMP_SEQ_CLEAN)
+                goto skip;
+
+        if (seq == EXT4_MMP_SEQ_FSCK) {
+                dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp, "fsck is running on the filesystem");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        wait_time = min(mmp_check_interval * 2 + 1,
+                        mmp_check_interval + 60);
+
+        /* Print MMP interval if more than 20 secs. */
+        if (wait_time > EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL * 4)
+                ext4_warning(sb, "MMP interval %u higher than expected, please"
+                             " wait.\n", wait_time * 2);
+
+        if (schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ * wait_time) != 0) {
+                ext4_warning(sb, "MMP startup interrupted, failing mount\n");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block);
+        if (retval)
+                goto failed;
+        mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data);
+        if (seq != le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq)) {
+                dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp,
+                             "Device is already active on another node.");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+skip:
+        /*
+         * write a new random sequence number.
+         */
+        mmp->mmp_seq = seq = cpu_to_le32(mmp_new_seq());
+
+        retval = write_mmp_block(bh);
+        if (retval)
+                goto failed;
+
+        /*
+         * wait for MMP interval and check mmp_seq.
+         */
+        if (schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ * wait_time) != 0) {
+                ext4_warning(sb, "MMP startup interrupted, failing mount\n");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block);
+        if (retval)
+                goto failed;
+        mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data);
+        if (seq != le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq)) {
+                dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp,
+                             "Device is already active on another node.");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        mmpd_data = kmalloc(sizeof(struct mmpd_data), GFP_KERNEL);
+        if (!mmpd_data) {
+                ext4_warning(sb, "not enough memory for mmpd_data");
+                goto failed;
+        }
+        mmpd_data->sb = sb;
+        mmpd_data->bh = bh;
+
+        /*
+         * Start a kernel thread to update the MMP block periodically.
+         */
+        EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = kthread_run(kmmpd, mmpd_data, "kmmpd-%s",
+                                             bdevname(bh->b_bdev,
+                                                      mmp->mmp_bdevname));
+        if (IS_ERR(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk)) {
+                EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL;
+                kfree(mmpd_data);
+                ext4_warning(sb, "Unable to create kmmpd thread for %s.",
+                             sb->s_id);
+                goto failed;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+
+failed:
+        brelse(bh);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+