bcache: A block layer cache

Does writethrough and writeback caching, handles unclean shutdown, and
has a bunch of other nifty features motivated by real world usage.

See the wiki at http://bcache.evilpiepirate.org for more.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>

1 files changed, 1190 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/md/bcache/bset.c b/drivers/md/bcache/bset.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb0f7ae14b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/md/bcache/bset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1190 @@
+/*
+ * Code for working with individual keys, and sorted sets of keys with in a
+ * btree node
+ *
+ * Copyright 2012 Google, Inc.
+ */
+
+#include "bcache.h"
+#include "btree.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+
+#include <linux/random.h>
+
+/* Keylists */
+
+void bch_keylist_copy(struct keylist *dest, struct keylist *src)
+{
+        *dest = *src;
+
+        if (src->list == src->d) {
+                size_t n = (uint64_t *) src->top - src->d;
+                dest->top = (struct bkey *) &dest->d[n];
+                dest->list = dest->d;
+        }
+}
+
+int bch_keylist_realloc(struct keylist *l, int nptrs, struct cache_set *c)
+{
+        unsigned oldsize = (uint64_t *) l->top - l->list;
+        unsigned newsize = oldsize + 2 + nptrs;
+        uint64_t *new;
+
+        /* The journalling code doesn't handle the case where the keys to insert
+         * is bigger than an empty write: If we just return -ENOMEM here,
+         * bio_insert() and bio_invalidate() will insert the keys created so far
+         * and finish the rest when the keylist is empty.
+         */
+        if (newsize * sizeof(uint64_t) > block_bytes(c) - sizeof(struct jset))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(newsize);
+
+        if (newsize <= KEYLIST_INLINE ||
+            roundup_pow_of_two(oldsize) == newsize)
+                return 0;
+
+        new = krealloc(l->list == l->d ? NULL : l->list,
+                       sizeof(uint64_t) * newsize, GFP_NOIO);
+
+        if (!new)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (l->list == l->d)
+                memcpy(new, l->list, sizeof(uint64_t) * KEYLIST_INLINE);
+
+        l->list = new;
+        l->top = (struct bkey *) (&l->list[oldsize]);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+struct bkey *bch_keylist_pop(struct keylist *l)
+{
+        struct bkey *k = l->bottom;
+
+        if (k == l->top)
+                return NULL;
+
+        while (bkey_next(k) != l->top)
+                k = bkey_next(k);
+
+        return l->top = k;
+}
+
+/* Pointer validation */
+
+bool __bch_ptr_invalid(struct cache_set *c, int level, const struct bkey *k)
+{
+        unsigned i;
+
+        if (level && (!KEY_PTRS(k) || !KEY_SIZE(k) || KEY_DIRTY(k)))
+                goto bad;
+
+        if (!level && KEY_SIZE(k) > KEY_OFFSET(k))
+                goto bad;
+
+        if (!KEY_SIZE(k))
+                return true;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < KEY_PTRS(k); i++)
+                if (ptr_available(c, k, i)) {
+                        struct cache *ca = PTR_CACHE(c, k, i);
+                        size_t bucket = PTR_BUCKET_NR(c, k, i);
+                        size_t r = bucket_remainder(c, PTR_OFFSET(k, i));
+
+                        if (KEY_SIZE(k) + r > c->sb.bucket_size ||
+                            bucket <  ca->sb.first_bucket ||
+                            bucket >= ca->sb.nbuckets)
+                                goto bad;
+                }
+
+        return false;
+bad:
+        cache_bug(c, "spotted bad key %s: %s", pkey(k), bch_ptr_status(c, k));
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool bch_ptr_bad(struct btree *b, const struct bkey *k)
+{
+        struct bucket *g;
+        unsigned i, stale;
+
+        if (!bkey_cmp(k, &ZERO_KEY) ||
+            !KEY_PTRS(k) ||
+            bch_ptr_invalid(b, k))
+                return true;
+
+        if (KEY_PTRS(k) && PTR_DEV(k, 0) == PTR_CHECK_DEV)
+                return true;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < KEY_PTRS(k); i++)
+                if (ptr_available(b->c, k, i)) {
+                        g = PTR_BUCKET(b->c, k, i);
+                        stale = ptr_stale(b->c, k, i);
+
+                        btree_bug_on(stale > 96, b,
+                                     "key too stale: %i, need_gc %u",
+                                     stale, b->c->need_gc);
+
+                        btree_bug_on(stale && KEY_DIRTY(k) && KEY_SIZE(k),
+                                     b, "stale dirty pointer");
+
+                        if (stale)
+                                return true;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHE_EDEBUG
+                        if (!mutex_trylock(&b->c->bucket_lock))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (b->level) {
+                                if (KEY_DIRTY(k) ||
+                                    g->prio != BTREE_PRIO ||
+                                    (b->c->gc_mark_valid &&
+                                     GC_MARK(g) != GC_MARK_METADATA))
+                                        goto bug;
+
+                        } else {
+                                if (g->prio == BTREE_PRIO)
+                                        goto bug;
+
+                                if (KEY_DIRTY(k) &&
+                                    b->c->gc_mark_valid &&
+                                    GC_MARK(g) != GC_MARK_DIRTY)
+                                        goto bug;
+                        }
+                        mutex_unlock(&b->c->bucket_lock);
+#endif
+                }
+
+        return false;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHE_EDEBUG
+bug:
+        mutex_unlock(&b->c->bucket_lock);
+        btree_bug(b, "inconsistent pointer %s: bucket %li pin %i "
+                  "prio %i gen %i last_gc %i mark %llu gc_gen %i", pkey(k),
+                  PTR_BUCKET_NR(b->c, k, i), atomic_read(&g->pin),
+                  g->prio, g->gen, g->last_gc, GC_MARK(g), g->gc_gen);
+        return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Key/pointer manipulation */
+
+void bch_bkey_copy_single_ptr(struct bkey *dest, const struct bkey *src,
+                              unsigned i)
+{
+        BUG_ON(i > KEY_PTRS(src));
+
+        /* Only copy the header, key, and one pointer. */
+        memcpy(dest, src, 2 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+        dest->ptr[0] = src->ptr[i];
+        SET_KEY_PTRS(dest, 1);
+        /* We didn't copy the checksum so clear that bit. */
+        SET_KEY_CSUM(dest, 0);
+}
+
+bool __bch_cut_front(const struct bkey *where, struct bkey *k)
+{
+        unsigned i, len = 0;
+
+        if (bkey_cmp(where, &START_KEY(k)) <= 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (bkey_cmp(where, k) < 0)
+                len = KEY_OFFSET(k) - KEY_OFFSET(where);
+        else
+                bkey_copy_key(k, where);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < KEY_PTRS(k); i++)
+                SET_PTR_OFFSET(k, i, PTR_OFFSET(k, i) + KEY_SIZE(k) - len);
+
+        BUG_ON(len > KEY_SIZE(k));
+        SET_KEY_SIZE(k, len);
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool __bch_cut_back(const struct bkey *where, struct bkey *k)
+{
+        unsigned len = 0;
+
+        if (bkey_cmp(where, k) >= 0)
+                return false;
+
+        BUG_ON(KEY_INODE(where) != KEY_INODE(k));
+
+        if (bkey_cmp(where, &START_KEY(k)) > 0)
+                len = KEY_OFFSET(where) - KEY_START(k);
+
+        bkey_copy_key(k, where);
+
+        BUG_ON(len > KEY_SIZE(k));
+        SET_KEY_SIZE(k, len);
+        return true;
+}
+
+static uint64_t merge_chksums(struct bkey *l, struct bkey *r)
+{
+        return (l->ptr[KEY_PTRS(l)] + r->ptr[KEY_PTRS(r)]) &
+                ~((uint64_t)1 << 63);
+}
+
+/* Tries to merge l and r: l should be lower than r
+ * Returns true if we were able to merge. If we did merge, l will be the merged
+ * key, r will be untouched.
+ */
+bool bch_bkey_try_merge(struct btree *b, struct bkey *l, struct bkey *r)
+{
+        unsigned i;
+
+        if (key_merging_disabled(b->c))
+                return false;
+
+        if (KEY_PTRS(l) != KEY_PTRS(r) ||
+            KEY_DIRTY(l) != KEY_DIRTY(r) ||
+            bkey_cmp(l, &START_KEY(r)))
+                return false;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < KEY_PTRS(l); i++)
+                if (l->ptr[i] + PTR(0, KEY_SIZE(l), 0) != r->ptr[i] ||
+                    PTR_BUCKET_NR(b->c, l, i) != PTR_BUCKET_NR(b->c, r, i))
+                        return false;
+
+        /* Keys with no pointers aren't restricted to one bucket and could
+         * overflow KEY_SIZE
+         */
+        if (KEY_SIZE(l) + KEY_SIZE(r) > USHRT_MAX) {
+                SET_KEY_OFFSET(l, KEY_OFFSET(l) + USHRT_MAX - KEY_SIZE(l));
+                SET_KEY_SIZE(l, USHRT_MAX);
+
+                bch_cut_front(l, r);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (KEY_CSUM(l)) {
+                if (KEY_CSUM(r))
+                        l->ptr[KEY_PTRS(l)] = merge_chksums(l, r);
+                else
+                        SET_KEY_CSUM(l, 0);
+        }
+
+        SET_KEY_OFFSET(l, KEY_OFFSET(l) + KEY_SIZE(r));
+        SET_KEY_SIZE(l, KEY_SIZE(l) + KEY_SIZE(r));
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+/* Binary tree stuff for auxiliary search trees */
+
+static unsigned inorder_next(unsigned j, unsigned size)
+{
+        if (j * 2 + 1 < size) {
+                j = j * 2 + 1;
+
+                while (j * 2 < size)
+                        j *= 2;
+        } else
+                j >>= ffz(j) + 1;
+
+        return j;
+}
+
+static unsigned inorder_prev(unsigned j, unsigned size)
+{
+        if (j * 2 < size) {
+                j = j * 2;
+
+                while (j * 2 + 1 < size)
+                        j = j * 2 + 1;
+        } else
+                j >>= ffs(j);
+
+        return j;
+}
+
+/* I have no idea why this code works... and I'm the one who wrote it
+ *
+ * However, I do know what it does:
+ * Given a binary tree constructed in an array (i.e. how you normally implement
+ * a heap), it converts a node in the tree - referenced by array index - to the
+ * index it would have if you did an inorder traversal.
+ *
+ * Also tested for every j, size up to size somewhere around 6 million.
+ *
+ * The binary tree starts at array index 1, not 0
+ * extra is a function of size:
+ *   extra = (size - rounddown_pow_of_two(size - 1)) << 1;
+ */
+static unsigned __to_inorder(unsigned j, unsigned size, unsigned extra)
+{
+        unsigned b = fls(j);
+        unsigned shift = fls(size - 1) - b;
+
+        j  ^= 1U << (b - 1);
+        j <<= 1;
+        j  |= 1;
+        j <<= shift;
+
+        if (j > extra)
+                j -= (j - extra) >> 1;
+
+        return j;
+}
+
+static unsigned to_inorder(unsigned j, struct bset_tree *t)
+{
+        return __to_inorder(j, t->size, t->extra);
+}
+
+static unsigned __inorder_to_tree(unsigned j, unsigned size, unsigned extra)
+{
+        unsigned shift;
+
+        if (j > extra)
+                j += j - extra;
+
+        shift = ffs(j);
+
+        j >>= shift;
+        j  |= roundup_pow_of_two(size) >> shift;
+
+        return j;
+}
+
+static unsigned inorder_to_tree(unsigned j, struct bset_tree *t)
+{
+        return __inorder_to_tree(j, t->size, t->extra);
+}
+
+#if 0
+void inorder_test(void)
+{
+        unsigned long done = 0;
+        ktime_t start = ktime_get();
+
+        for (unsigned size = 2;
+             size < 65536000;
+             size++) {
+                unsigned extra = (size - rounddown_pow_of_two(size - 1)) << 1;
+                unsigned i = 1, j = rounddown_pow_of_two(size - 1);
+
+                if (!(size % 4096))
+                        printk(KERN_NOTICE "loop %u, %llu per us\n", size,
+                               done / ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), start));
+
+                while (1) {
+                        if (__inorder_to_tree(i, size, extra) != j)
+                                panic("size %10u j %10u i %10u", size, j, i);
+
+                        if (__to_inorder(j, size, extra) != i)
+                                panic("size %10u j %10u i %10u", size, j, i);
+
+                        if (j == rounddown_pow_of_two(size) - 1)
+                                break;
+
+                        BUG_ON(inorder_prev(inorder_next(j, size), size) != j);
+
+                        j = inorder_next(j, size);
+                        i++;
+                }
+
+                done += size - 1;
+        }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Cacheline/offset <-> bkey pointer arithmatic:
+ *
+ * t->tree is a binary search tree in an array; each node corresponds to a key
+ * in one cacheline in t->set (BSET_CACHELINE bytes).
+ *
+ * This means we don't have to store the full index of the key that a node in
+ * the binary tree points to; to_inorder() gives us the cacheline, and then
+ * bkey_float->m gives us the offset within that cacheline, in units of 8 bytes.
+ *
+ * cacheline_to_bkey() and friends abstract out all the pointer arithmatic to
+ * make this work.
+ *
+ * To construct the bfloat for an arbitrary key we need to know what the key
+ * immediately preceding it is: we have to check if the two keys differ in the
+ * bits we're going to store in bkey_float->mantissa. t->prev[j] stores the size
+ * of the previous key so we can walk backwards to it from t->tree[j]'s key.
+ */
+
+static struct bkey *cacheline_to_bkey(struct bset_tree *t, unsigned cacheline,
+                                      unsigned offset)
+{
+        return ((void *) t->data) + cacheline * BSET_CACHELINE + offset * 8;
+}
+
+static unsigned bkey_to_cacheline(struct bset_tree *t, struct bkey *k)
+{
+        return ((void *) k - (void *) t->data) / BSET_CACHELINE;
+}
+
+static unsigned bkey_to_cacheline_offset(struct bkey *k)
+{
+        return ((size_t) k & (BSET_CACHELINE - 1)) / sizeof(uint64_t);
+}
+
+static struct bkey *tree_to_bkey(struct bset_tree *t, unsigned j)
+{
+        return cacheline_to_bkey(t, to_inorder(j, t), t->tree[j].m);
+}
+
+static struct bkey *tree_to_prev_bkey(struct bset_tree *t, unsigned j)
+{
+        return (void *) (((uint64_t *) tree_to_bkey(t, j)) - t->prev[j]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For the write set - the one we're currently inserting keys into - we don't
+ * maintain a full search tree, we just keep a simple lookup table in t->prev.
+ */
+static struct bkey *table_to_bkey(struct bset_tree *t, unsigned cacheline)
+{
+        return cacheline_to_bkey(t, cacheline, t->prev[cacheline]);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t shrd128(uint64_t high, uint64_t low, uint8_t shift)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+        asm("shrd %[shift],%[high],%[low]"
+            : [low] "+Rm" (low)
+            : [high] "R" (high),
+            [shift] "ci" (shift)
+            : "cc");
+#else
+        low >>= shift;
+        low  |= (high << 1) << (63U - shift);
+#endif
+        return low;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned bfloat_mantissa(const struct bkey *k,
+                                       struct bkey_float *f)
+{
+        const uint64_t *p = &k->low - (f->exponent >> 6);
+        return shrd128(p[-1], p[0], f->exponent & 63) & BKEY_MANTISSA_MASK;
+}
+
+static void make_bfloat(struct bset_tree *t, unsigned j)
+{
+        struct bkey_float *f = &t->tree[j];
+        struct bkey *m = tree_to_bkey(t, j);
+        struct bkey *p = tree_to_prev_bkey(t, j);
+
+        struct bkey *l = is_power_of_2(j)
+                ? t->data->start
+                : tree_to_prev_bkey(t, j >> ffs(j));
+
+        struct bkey *r = is_power_of_2(j + 1)
+                ? node(t->data, t->data->keys - bkey_u64s(&t->end))
+                : tree_to_bkey(t, j >> (ffz(j) + 1));
+
+        BUG_ON(m < l || m > r);
+        BUG_ON(bkey_next(p) != m);
+
+        if (KEY_INODE(l) != KEY_INODE(r))
+                f->exponent = fls64(KEY_INODE(r) ^ KEY_INODE(l)) + 64;
+        else
+                f->exponent = fls64(r->low ^ l->low);
+
+        f->exponent = max_t(int, f->exponent - BKEY_MANTISSA_BITS, 0);
+
+        /*
+         * Setting f->exponent = 127 flags this node as failed, and causes the
+         * lookup code to fall back to comparing against the original key.
+         */
+
+        if (bfloat_mantissa(m, f) != bfloat_mantissa(p, f))
+                f->mantissa = bfloat_mantissa(m, f) - 1;
+        else
+                f->exponent = 127;
+}
+
+static void bset_alloc_tree(struct btree *b, struct bset_tree *t)
+{
+        if (t != b->sets) {
+                unsigned j = roundup(t[-1].size,
+                                     64 / sizeof(struct bkey_float));
+
+                t->tree = t[-1].tree + j;
+                t->prev = t[-1].prev + j;
+        }
+
+        while (t < b->sets + MAX_BSETS)
+                t++->size = 0;
+}
+
+static void bset_build_unwritten_tree(struct btree *b)
+{
+        struct bset_tree *t = b->sets + b->nsets;
+
+        bset_alloc_tree(b, t);
+
+        if (t->tree != b->sets->tree + bset_tree_space(b)) {
+                t->prev[0] = bkey_to_cacheline_offset(t->data->start);
+                t->size = 1;
+        }
+}
+
+static void bset_build_written_tree(struct btree *b)
+{
+        struct bset_tree *t = b->sets + b->nsets;
+        struct bkey *k = t->data->start;
+        unsigned j, cacheline = 1;
+
+        bset_alloc_tree(b, t);
+
+        t->size = min_t(unsigned,
+                        bkey_to_cacheline(t, end(t->data)),
+                        b->sets->tree + bset_tree_space(b) - t->tree);
+
+        if (t->size < 2) {
+                t->size = 0;
+                return;
+        }
+
+        t->extra = (t->size - rounddown_pow_of_two(t->size - 1)) << 1;
+
+        /* First we figure out where the first key in each cacheline is */
+        for (j = inorder_next(0, t->size);
+             j;
+             j = inorder_next(j, t->size)) {
+                while (bkey_to_cacheline(t, k) != cacheline)
+                        k = bkey_next(k);
+
+                t->prev[j] = bkey_u64s(k);
+                k = bkey_next(k);
+                cacheline++;
+                t->tree[j].m = bkey_to_cacheline_offset(k);
+        }
+
+        while (bkey_next(k) != end(t->data))
+                k = bkey_next(k);
+
+        t->end = *k;
+
+        /* Then we build the tree */
+        for (j = inorder_next(0, t->size);
+             j;
+             j = inorder_next(j, t->size))
+                make_bfloat(t, j);
+}
+
+void bch_bset_fix_invalidated_key(struct btree *b, struct bkey *k)
+{
+        struct bset_tree *t;
+        unsigned inorder, j = 1;
+
+        for (t = b->sets; t <= &b->sets[b->nsets]; t++)
+                if (k < end(t->data))
+                        goto found_set;
+
+        BUG();
+found_set:
+        if (!t->size || !bset_written(b, t))
+                return;
+
+        inorder = bkey_to_cacheline(t, k);
+
+        if (k == t->data->start)
+                goto fix_left;
+
+        if (bkey_next(k) == end(t->data)) {
+                t->end = *k;
+                goto fix_right;
+        }
+
+        j = inorder_to_tree(inorder, t);
+
+        if (j &&
+            j < t->size &&
+            k == tree_to_bkey(t, j))
+fix_left:       do {
+                        make_bfloat(t, j);
+                        j = j * 2;
+                } while (j < t->size);
+
+        j = inorder_to_tree(inorder + 1, t);
+
+        if (j &&
+            j < t->size &&
+            k == tree_to_prev_bkey(t, j))
+fix_right:      do {
+                        make_bfloat(t, j);
+                        j = j * 2 + 1;
+                } while (j < t->size);
+}
+
+void bch_bset_fix_lookup_table(struct btree *b, struct bkey *k)
+{
+        struct bset_tree *t = &b->sets[b->nsets];
+        unsigned shift = bkey_u64s(k);
+        unsigned j = bkey_to_cacheline(t, k);
+
+        /* We're getting called from btree_split() or btree_gc, just bail out */
+        if (!t->size)
+                return;
+
+        /* k is the key we just inserted; we need to find the entry in the
+         * lookup table for the first key that is strictly greater than k:
+         * it's either k's cacheline or the next one
+         */
+        if (j < t->size &&
+            table_to_bkey(t, j) <= k)
+                j++;
+
+        /* Adjust all the lookup table entries, and find a new key for any that
+         * have gotten too big
+         */
+        for (; j < t->size; j++) {
+                t->prev[j] += shift;
+
+                if (t->prev[j] > 7) {
+                        k = table_to_bkey(t, j - 1);
+
+                        while (k < cacheline_to_bkey(t, j, 0))
+                                k = bkey_next(k);
+
+                        t->prev[j] = bkey_to_cacheline_offset(k);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (t->size == b->sets->tree + bset_tree_space(b) - t->tree)
+                return;
+
+        /* Possibly add a new entry to the end of the lookup table */
+
+        for (k = table_to_bkey(t, t->size - 1);
+             k != end(t->data);
+             k = bkey_next(k))
+                if (t->size == bkey_to_cacheline(t, k)) {
+                        t->prev[t->size] = bkey_to_cacheline_offset(k);
+                        t->size++;
+                }
+}
+
+void bch_bset_init_next(struct btree *b)
+{
+        struct bset *i = write_block(b);
+
+        if (i != b->sets[0].data) {
+                b->sets[++b->nsets].data = i;
+                i->seq = b->sets[0].data->seq;
+        } else
+                get_random_bytes(&i->seq, sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+        i->magic        = bset_magic(b->c);
+        i->version      = 0;
+        i->keys         = 0;
+
+        bset_build_unwritten_tree(b);
+}
+
+struct bset_search_iter {
+        struct bkey *l, *r;
+};
+
+static struct bset_search_iter bset_search_write_set(struct btree *b,
+                                                     struct bset_tree *t,
+                                                     const struct bkey *search)
+{
+        unsigned li = 0, ri = t->size;
+
+        BUG_ON(!b->nsets &&
+               t->size < bkey_to_cacheline(t, end(t->data)));
+
+        while (li + 1 != ri) {
+                unsigned m = (li + ri) >> 1;
+
+                if (bkey_cmp(table_to_bkey(t, m), search) > 0)
+                        ri = m;
+                else
+                        li = m;
+        }
+
+        return (struct bset_search_iter) {
+                table_to_bkey(t, li),
+                ri < t->size ? table_to_bkey(t, ri) : end(t->data)
+        };
+}
+
+static struct bset_search_iter bset_search_tree(struct btree *b,
+                                                struct bset_tree *t,
+                                                const struct bkey *search)
+{
+        struct bkey *l, *r;
+        struct bkey_float *f;
+        unsigned inorder, j, n = 1;
+
+        do {
+                unsigned p = n << 4;
+                p &= ((int) (p - t->size)) >> 31;
+
+                prefetch(&t->tree[p]);
+
+                j = n;
+                f = &t->tree[j];
+
+                /*
+                 * n = (f->mantissa > bfloat_mantissa())
+                 *      ? j * 2
+                 *      : j * 2 + 1;
+                 *
+                 * We need to subtract 1 from f->mantissa for the sign bit trick
+                 * to work  - that's done in make_bfloat()
+                 */
+                if (likely(f->exponent != 127))
+                        n = j * 2 + (((unsigned)
+                                      (f->mantissa -
+                                       bfloat_mantissa(search, f))) >> 31);
+                else
+                        n = (bkey_cmp(tree_to_bkey(t, j), search) > 0)
+                                ? j * 2
+                                : j * 2 + 1;
+        } while (n < t->size);
+
+        inorder = to_inorder(j, t);
+
+        /*
+         * n would have been the node we recursed to - the low bit tells us if
+         * we recursed left or recursed right.
+         */
+        if (n & 1) {
+                l = cacheline_to_bkey(t, inorder, f->m);
+
+                if (++inorder != t->size) {
+                        f = &t->tree[inorder_next(j, t->size)];
+                        r = cacheline_to_bkey(t, inorder, f->m);
+                } else
+                        r = end(t->data);
+        } else {
+                r = cacheline_to_bkey(t, inorder, f->m);
+
+                if (--inorder) {
+                        f = &t->tree[inorder_prev(j, t->size)];
+                        l = cacheline_to_bkey(t, inorder, f->m);
+                } else
+                        l = t->data->start;
+        }
+
+        return (struct bset_search_iter) {l, r};
+}
+
+struct bkey *__bch_bset_search(struct btree *b, struct bset_tree *t,
+                               const struct bkey *search)
+{
+        struct bset_search_iter i;
+
+        /*
+         * First, we search for a cacheline, then lastly we do a linear search
+         * within that cacheline.
+         *
+         * To search for the cacheline, there's three different possibilities:
+         *  * The set is too small to have a search tree, so we just do a linear
+         *    search over the whole set.
+         *  * The set is the one we're currently inserting into; keeping a full
+         *    auxiliary search tree up to date would be too expensive, so we
+         *    use a much simpler lookup table to do a binary search -
+         *    bset_search_write_set().
+         *  * Or we use the auxiliary search tree we constructed earlier -
+         *    bset_search_tree()
+         */
+
+        if (unlikely(!t->size)) {
+                i.l = t->data->start;
+                i.r = end(t->data);
+        } else if (bset_written(b, t)) {
+                /*
+                 * Each node in the auxiliary search tree covers a certain range
+                 * of bits, and keys above and below the set it covers might
+                 * differ outside those bits - so we have to special case the
+                 * start and end - handle that here:
+                 */
+
+                if (unlikely(bkey_cmp(search, &t->end) >= 0))
+                        return end(t->data);
+
+                if (unlikely(bkey_cmp(search, t->data->start) < 0))
+                        return t->data->start;
+
+                i = bset_search_tree(b, t, search);
+        } else
+                i = bset_search_write_set(b, t, search);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHE_EDEBUG
+        BUG_ON(bset_written(b, t) &&
+               i.l != t->data->start &&
+               bkey_cmp(tree_to_prev_bkey(t,
+                  inorder_to_tree(bkey_to_cacheline(t, i.l), t)),
+                        search) > 0);
+
+        BUG_ON(i.r != end(t->data) &&
+               bkey_cmp(i.r, search) <= 0);
+#endif
+
+        while (likely(i.l != i.r) &&
+               bkey_cmp(i.l, search) <= 0)
+                i.l = bkey_next(i.l);
+
+        return i.l;
+}
+
+/* Btree iterator */
+
+static inline bool btree_iter_cmp(struct btree_iter_set l,
+                                  struct btree_iter_set r)
+{
+        int64_t c = bkey_cmp(&START_KEY(l.k), &START_KEY(r.k));
+
+        return c ? c > 0 : l.k < r.k;
+}
+
+static inline bool btree_iter_end(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+        return !iter->used;
+}
+
+void bch_btree_iter_push(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bkey *k,
+                         struct bkey *end)
+{
+        if (k != end)
+                BUG_ON(!heap_add(iter,
+                                 ((struct btree_iter_set) { k, end }),
+                                 btree_iter_cmp));
+}
+
+struct bkey *__bch_btree_iter_init(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter,
+                               struct bkey *search, struct bset_tree *start)
+{
+        struct bkey *ret = NULL;
+        iter->size = ARRAY_SIZE(iter->data);
+        iter->used = 0;
+
+        for (; start <= &b->sets[b->nsets]; start++) {
+                ret = bch_bset_search(b, start, search);
+                bch_btree_iter_push(iter, ret, end(start->data));
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+struct bkey *bch_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+        struct btree_iter_set unused;
+        struct bkey *ret = NULL;
+
+        if (!btree_iter_end(iter)) {
+                ret = iter->data->k;
+                iter->data->k = bkey_next(iter->data->k);
+
+                if (iter->data->k > iter->data->end) {
+                        __WARN();
+                        iter->data->k = iter->data->end;
+                }
+
+                if (iter->data->k == iter->data->end)
+                        heap_pop(iter, unused, btree_iter_cmp);
+                else
+                        heap_sift(iter, 0, btree_iter_cmp);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+struct bkey *bch_btree_iter_next_filter(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                        struct btree *b, ptr_filter_fn fn)
+{
+        struct bkey *ret;
+
+        do {
+                ret = bch_btree_iter_next(iter);
+        } while (ret && fn(b, ret));
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+struct bkey *bch_next_recurse_key(struct btree *b, struct bkey *search)
+{
+        struct btree_iter iter;
+
+        bch_btree_iter_init(b, &iter, search);
+        return bch_btree_iter_next_filter(&iter, b, bch_ptr_bad);
+}
+
+/* Mergesort */
+
+static void btree_sort_fixup(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+        while (iter->used > 1) {
+                struct btree_iter_set *top = iter->data, *i = top + 1;
+                struct bkey *k;
+
+                if (iter->used > 2 &&
+                    btree_iter_cmp(i[0], i[1]))
+                        i++;
+
+                for (k = i->k;
+                     k != i->end && bkey_cmp(top->k, &START_KEY(k)) > 0;
+                     k = bkey_next(k))
+                        if (top->k > i->k)
+                                __bch_cut_front(top->k, k);
+                        else if (KEY_SIZE(k))
+                                bch_cut_back(&START_KEY(k), top->k);
+
+                if (top->k < i->k || k == i->k)
+                        break;
+
+                heap_sift(iter, i - top, btree_iter_cmp);
+        }
+}
+
+static void btree_mergesort(struct btree *b, struct bset *out,
+                            struct btree_iter *iter,
+                            bool fixup, bool remove_stale)
+{
+        struct bkey *k, *last = NULL;
+        bool (*bad)(struct btree *, const struct bkey *) = remove_stale
+                ? bch_ptr_bad
+                : bch_ptr_invalid;
+
+        while (!btree_iter_end(iter)) {
+                if (fixup && !b->level)
+                        btree_sort_fixup(iter);
+
+                k = bch_btree_iter_next(iter);
+                if (bad(b, k))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!last) {
+                        last = out->start;
+                        bkey_copy(last, k);
+                } else if (b->level ||
+                           !bch_bkey_try_merge(b, last, k)) {
+                        last = bkey_next(last);
+                        bkey_copy(last, k);
+                }
+        }
+
+        out->keys = last ? (uint64_t *) bkey_next(last) - out->d : 0;
+
+        pr_debug("sorted %i keys", out->keys);
+        bch_check_key_order(b, out);
+}
+
+static void __btree_sort(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter,
+                         unsigned start, unsigned order, bool fixup)
+{
+        uint64_t start_time;
+        bool remove_stale = !b->written;
+        struct bset *out = (void *) __get_free_pages(__GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NOIO,
+                                                     order);
+        if (!out) {
+                mutex_lock(&b->c->sort_lock);
+                out = b->c->sort;
+                order = ilog2(bucket_pages(b->c));
+        }
+
+        start_time = local_clock();
+
+        btree_mergesort(b, out, iter, fixup, remove_stale);
+        b->nsets = start;
+
+        if (!fixup && !start && b->written)
+                bch_btree_verify(b, out);
+
+        if (!start && order == b->page_order) {
+                /*
+                 * Our temporary buffer is the same size as the btree node's
+                 * buffer, we can just swap buffers instead of doing a big
+                 * memcpy()
+                 */
+
+                out->magic      = bset_magic(b->c);
+                out->seq        = b->sets[0].data->seq;
+                out->version    = b->sets[0].data->version;
+                swap(out, b->sets[0].data);
+
+                if (b->c->sort == b->sets[0].data)
+                        b->c->sort = out;
+        } else {
+                b->sets[start].data->keys = out->keys;
+                memcpy(b->sets[start].data->start, out->start,
+                       (void *) end(out) - (void *) out->start);
+        }
+
+        if (out == b->c->sort)
+                mutex_unlock(&b->c->sort_lock);
+        else
+                free_pages((unsigned long) out, order);
+
+        if (b->written)
+                bset_build_written_tree(b);
+
+        if (!start) {
+                spin_lock(&b->c->sort_time_lock);
+                time_stats_update(&b->c->sort_time, start_time);
+                spin_unlock(&b->c->sort_time_lock);
+        }
+}
+
+void bch_btree_sort_partial(struct btree *b, unsigned start)
+{
+        size_t oldsize = 0, order = b->page_order, keys = 0;
+        struct btree_iter iter;
+        __bch_btree_iter_init(b, &iter, NULL, &b->sets[start]);
+
+        BUG_ON(b->sets[b->nsets].data == write_block(b) &&
+               (b->sets[b->nsets].size || b->nsets));
+
+        if (b->written)
+                oldsize = bch_count_data(b);
+
+        if (start) {
+                unsigned i;
+
+                for (i = start; i <= b->nsets; i++)
+                        keys += b->sets[i].data->keys;
+
+                order = roundup_pow_of_two(__set_bytes(b->sets->data, keys)) / PAGE_SIZE;
+                if (order)
+                        order = ilog2(order);
+        }
+
+        __btree_sort(b, &iter, start, order, false);
+
+        EBUG_ON(b->written && bch_count_data(b) != oldsize);
+}
+
+void bch_btree_sort_and_fix_extents(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+        BUG_ON(!b->written);
+        __btree_sort(b, iter, 0, b->page_order, true);
+}
+
+void bch_btree_sort_into(struct btree *b, struct btree *new)
+{
+        uint64_t start_time = local_clock();
+
+        struct btree_iter iter;
+        bch_btree_iter_init(b, &iter, NULL);
+
+        btree_mergesort(b, new->sets->data, &iter, false, true);
+
+        spin_lock(&b->c->sort_time_lock);
+        time_stats_update(&b->c->sort_time, start_time);
+        spin_unlock(&b->c->sort_time_lock);
+
+        bkey_copy_key(&new->key, &b->key);
+        new->sets->size = 0;
+}
+
+void bch_btree_sort_lazy(struct btree *b)
+{
+        if (b->nsets) {
+                unsigned i, j, keys = 0, total;
+
+                for (i = 0; i <= b->nsets; i++)
+                        keys += b->sets[i].data->keys;
+
+                total = keys;
+
+                for (j = 0; j < b->nsets; j++) {
+                        if (keys * 2 < total ||
+                            keys < 1000) {
+                                bch_btree_sort_partial(b, j);
+                                return;
+                        }
+
+                        keys -= b->sets[j].data->keys;
+                }
+
+                /* Must sort if b->nsets == 3 or we'll overflow */
+                if (b->nsets >= (MAX_BSETS - 1) - b->level) {
+                        bch_btree_sort(b);
+                        return;
+                }
+        }
+
+        bset_build_written_tree(b);
+}
+
+/* Sysfs stuff */
+
+struct bset_stats {
+        size_t nodes;
+        size_t sets_written, sets_unwritten;
+        size_t bytes_written, bytes_unwritten;
+        size_t floats, failed;
+};
+
+static int bch_btree_bset_stats(struct btree *b, struct btree_op *op,
+                            struct bset_stats *stats)
+{
+        struct bkey *k;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        stats->nodes++;
+
+        for (i = 0; i <= b->nsets; i++) {
+                struct bset_tree *t = &b->sets[i];
+                size_t bytes = t->data->keys * sizeof(uint64_t);
+                size_t j;
+
+                if (bset_written(b, t)) {
+                        stats->sets_written++;
+                        stats->bytes_written += bytes;
+
+                        stats->floats += t->size - 1;
+
+                        for (j = 1; j < t->size; j++)
+                                if (t->tree[j].exponent == 127)
+                                        stats->failed++;
+                } else {
+                        stats->sets_unwritten++;
+                        stats->bytes_unwritten += bytes;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (b->level) {
+                struct btree_iter iter;
+
+                for_each_key_filter(b, k, &iter, bch_ptr_bad) {
+                        int ret = btree(bset_stats, k, b, op, stats);
+                        if (ret)
+                                return ret;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bch_bset_print_stats(struct cache_set *c, char *buf)
+{
+        struct btree_op op;
+        struct bset_stats t;
+        int ret;
+
+        bch_btree_op_init_stack(&op);
+        memset(&t, 0, sizeof(struct bset_stats));
+
+        ret = btree_root(bset_stats, c, &op, &t);
+        if (ret)
+                return ret;
+
+        return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
+                        "btree nodes:           %zu\n"
+                        "written sets:          %zu\n"
+                        "unwritten sets:                %zu\n"
+                        "written key bytes:     %zu\n"
+                        "unwritten key bytes:   %zu\n"
+                        "floats:                        %zu\n"
+                        "failed:                        %zu\n",
+                        t.nodes,
+                        t.sets_written, t.sets_unwritten,
+                        t.bytes_written, t.bytes_unwritten,
+                        t.floats, t.failed);
+}