Lguest support for Virtio

This makes lguest able to use the virtio devices.

We change the device descriptor page from a simple array to a variable
length "type, config_len, status, config data..." format, and
implement virtio_config_ops to read from that config data.

We use the virtio ring implementation for an efficient Guest <-> Host
virtqueue mechanism, and the new LHCALL_NOTIFY hypercall to kick the
host when it changes.

We also use LHCALL_NOTIFY on kernel addresses for very very early
console output.  We could have another hypercall, but this hack works
quite well.

Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

2 files changed, 376 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/lguest/Makefile b/drivers/lguest/Makefile
index a63f75dc41a1..5e8272d296d8 100644
--- a/drivers/lguest/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/lguest/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Guest requires the device configuration and probing code.
+obj-$(CONFIG_LGUEST_GUEST) += lguest_device.o
+
 # Host requires the other files, which can be a module.
 obj-$(CONFIG_LGUEST)    += lg.o
 lg-y = core.o hypercalls.o page_tables.o interrupts_and_traps.o \
diff --git a/drivers/lguest/lguest_device.c b/drivers/lguest/lguest_device.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..71c64837b437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/lguest/lguest_device.c
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+/*P:050 Lguest guests use a very simple method to describe devices.  It's a
+ * series of device descriptors contained just above the top of normal
+ * memory.
+ *
+ * We use the standard "virtio" device infrastructure, which provides us with a
+ * console, a network and a block driver.  Each one expects some configuration
+ * information and a "virtqueue" mechanism to send and receive data. :*/
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/bootmem.h>
+#include <linux/lguest_launcher.h>
+#include <linux/virtio.h>
+#include <linux/virtio_config.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/virtio_ring.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <asm/paravirt.h>
+#include <asm/lguest_hcall.h>
+
+/* The pointer to our (page) of device descriptions. */
+static void *lguest_devices;
+
+/* Unique numbering for lguest devices. */
+static unsigned int dev_index;
+
+/* For Guests, device memory can be used as normal memory, so we cast away the
+ * __iomem to quieten sparse. */
+static inline void *lguest_map(unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long pages)
+{
+        return (__force void *)ioremap(phys_addr, PAGE_SIZE*pages);
+}
+
+static inline void lguest_unmap(void *addr)
+{
+        iounmap((__force void __iomem *)addr);
+}
+
+/*D:100 Each lguest device is just a virtio device plus a pointer to its entry
+ * in the lguest_devices page. */
+struct lguest_device {
+        struct virtio_device vdev;
+
+        /* The entry in the lguest_devices page for this device. */
+        struct lguest_device_desc *desc;
+};
+
+/* Since the virtio infrastructure hands us a pointer to the virtio_device all
+ * the time, it helps to have a curt macro to get a pointer to the struct
+ * lguest_device it's enclosed in.  */
+#define to_lgdev(vdev) container_of(vdev, struct lguest_device, vdev)
+
+/*D:130
+ * Device configurations
+ *
+ * The configuration information for a device consists of a series of fields.
+ * The device will look for these fields during setup.
+ *
+ * For us these fields come immediately after that device's descriptor in the
+ * lguest_devices page.
+ *
+ * Each field starts with a "type" byte, a "length" byte, then that number of
+ * bytes of configuration information.  The device descriptor tells us the
+ * total configuration length so we know when we've reached the last field. */
+
+/* type + length bytes */
+#define FHDR_LEN 2
+
+/* This finds the first field of a given type for a device's configuration. */
+static void *lg_find(struct virtio_device *vdev, u8 type, unsigned int *len)
+{
+        struct lguest_device_desc *desc = to_lgdev(vdev)->desc;
+        int i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < desc->config_len; i += FHDR_LEN + desc->config[i+1]) {
+                if (desc->config[i] == type) {
+                        /* Mark it used, so Host can know we looked at it, and
+                         * also so we won't find the same one twice. */
+                        desc->config[i] |= 0x80;
+                        /* Remember, the second byte is the length. */
+                        *len = desc->config[i+1];
+                        /* We return a pointer to the field header. */
+                        return desc->config + i;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Not found: return NULL for failure. */
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Once they've found a field, getting a copy of it is easy. */
+static void lg_get(struct virtio_device *vdev, void *token,
+                   void *buf, unsigned len)
+{
+        /* Check they didn't ask for more than the length of the field! */
+        BUG_ON(len > ((u8 *)token)[1]);
+        memcpy(buf, token + FHDR_LEN, len);
+}
+
+/* Setting the contents is also trivial. */
+static void lg_set(struct virtio_device *vdev, void *token,
+                   const void *buf, unsigned len)
+{
+        BUG_ON(len > ((u8 *)token)[1]);
+        memcpy(token + FHDR_LEN, buf, len);
+}
+
+/* The operations to get and set the status word just access the status field
+ * of the device descriptor. */
+static u8 lg_get_status(struct virtio_device *vdev)
+{
+        return to_lgdev(vdev)->desc->status;
+}
+
+static void lg_set_status(struct virtio_device *vdev, u8 status)
+{
+        to_lgdev(vdev)->desc->status = status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Virtqueues
+ *
+ * The other piece of infrastructure virtio needs is a "virtqueue": a way of
+ * the Guest device registering buffers for the other side to read from or
+ * write into (ie. send and receive buffers).  Each device can have multiple
+ * virtqueues: for example the console has one queue for sending and one for
+ * receiving.
+ *
+ * Fortunately for us, a very fast shared-memory-plus-descriptors virtqueue
+ * already exists in virtio_ring.c.  We just need to connect it up.
+ *
+ * We start with the information we need to keep about each virtqueue.
+ */
+
+/*D:140 This is the information we remember about each virtqueue. */
+struct lguest_vq_info
+{
+        /* A copy of the information contained in the device config. */
+        struct lguest_vqconfig config;
+
+        /* The address where we mapped the virtio ring, so we can unmap it. */
+        void *pages;
+};
+
+/* When the virtio_ring code wants to prod the Host, it calls us here and we
+ * make a hypercall.  We hand the page number of the virtqueue so the Host
+ * knows which virtqueue we're talking about. */
+static void lg_notify(struct virtqueue *vq)
+{
+        /* We store our virtqueue information in the "priv" pointer of the
+         * virtqueue structure. */
+        struct lguest_vq_info *lvq = vq->priv;
+
+        hcall(LHCALL_NOTIFY, lvq->config.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* This routine finds the first virtqueue described in the configuration of
+ * this device and sets it up.
+ *
+ * This is kind of an ugly duckling.  It'd be nicer to have a standard
+ * representation of a virtqueue in the configuration space, but it seems that
+ * everyone wants to do it differently.  The KVM guys want the Guest to
+ * allocate its own pages and tell the Host where they are, but for lguest it's
+ * simpler for the Host to simply tell us where the pages are.
+ *
+ * So we provide devices with a "find virtqueue and set it up" function. */
+static struct virtqueue *lg_find_vq(struct virtio_device *vdev,
+                                    bool (*callback)(struct virtqueue *vq))
+{
+        struct lguest_vq_info *lvq;
+        struct virtqueue *vq;
+        unsigned int len;
+        void *token;
+        int err;
+
+        /* Look for a field of the correct type to mark a virtqueue.  Note that
+         * if this succeeds, then the type will be changed so it won't be found
+         * again, and future lg_find_vq() calls will find the next
+         * virtqueue (if any). */
+        token = vdev->config->find(vdev, VIRTIO_CONFIG_F_VIRTQUEUE, &len);
+        if (!token)
+                return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+
+        lvq = kmalloc(sizeof(*lvq), GFP_KERNEL);
+        if (!lvq)
+                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+        /* Note: we could use a configuration space inside here, just like we
+         * do for the device.  This would allow expansion in future, because
+         * our configuration system is designed to be expansible.  But this is
+         * way easier. */
+        if (len != sizeof(lvq->config)) {
+                dev_err(&vdev->dev, "Unexpected virtio config len %u\n", len);
+                err = -EIO;
+                goto free_lvq;
+        }
+        /* Make a copy of the "struct lguest_vqconfig" field.  We need a copy
+         * because the config space might not be aligned correctly. */
+        vdev->config->get(vdev, token, &lvq->config, sizeof(lvq->config));
+
+        /* Figure out how many pages the ring will take, and map that memory */
+        lvq->pages = lguest_map((unsigned long)lvq->config.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
+                                DIV_ROUND_UP(vring_size(lvq->config.num),
+                                             PAGE_SIZE));
+        if (!lvq->pages) {
+                err = -ENOMEM;
+                goto free_lvq;
+        }
+
+        /* OK, tell virtio_ring.c to set up a virtqueue now we know its size
+         * and we've got a pointer to its pages. */
+        vq = vring_new_virtqueue(lvq->config.num, vdev, lvq->pages,
+                                 lg_notify, callback);
+        if (!vq) {
+                err = -ENOMEM;
+                goto unmap;
+        }
+
+        /* Tell the interrupt for this virtqueue to go to the virtio_ring
+         * interrupt handler. */
+        /* FIXME: We used to have a flag for the Host to tell us we could use
+         * the interrupt as a source of randomness: it'd be nice to have that
+         * back.. */
+        err = request_irq(lvq->config.irq, vring_interrupt, IRQF_SHARED,
+                          vdev->dev.bus_id, vq);
+        if (err)
+                goto destroy_vring;
+
+        /* Last of all we hook up our 'struct lguest_vq_info" to the
+         * virtqueue's priv pointer. */
+        vq->priv = lvq;
+        return vq;
+
+destroy_vring:
+        vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
+unmap:
+        lguest_unmap(lvq->pages);
+free_lvq:
+        kfree(lvq);
+        return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+/*:*/
+
+/* Cleaning up a virtqueue is easy */
+static void lg_del_vq(struct virtqueue *vq)
+{
+        struct lguest_vq_info *lvq = vq->priv;
+
+        /* Tell virtio_ring.c to free the virtqueue. */
+        vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
+        /* Unmap the pages containing the ring. */
+        lguest_unmap(lvq->pages);
+        /* Free our own queue information. */
+        kfree(lvq);
+}
+
+/* The ops structure which hooks everything together. */
+static struct virtio_config_ops lguest_config_ops = {
+        .find = lg_find,
+        .get = lg_get,
+        .set = lg_set,
+        .get_status = lg_get_status,
+        .set_status = lg_set_status,
+        .find_vq = lg_find_vq,
+        .del_vq = lg_del_vq,
+};
+
+/* The root device for the lguest virtio devices.  This makes them appear as
+ * /sys/devices/lguest/0,1,2 not /sys/devices/0,1,2. */
+static struct device lguest_root = {
+        .parent = NULL,
+        .bus_id = "lguest",
+};
+
+/*D:120 This is the core of the lguest bus: actually adding a new device.
+ * It's a separate function because it's neater that way, and because an
+ * earlier version of the code supported hotplug and unplug.  They were removed
+ * early on because they were never used.
+ *
+ * As Andrew Tridgell says, "Untested code is buggy code".
+ *
+ * It's worth reading this carefully: we start with a pointer to the new device
+ * descriptor in the "lguest_devices" page. */
+static void add_lguest_device(struct lguest_device_desc *d)
+{
+        struct lguest_device *ldev;
+
+        ldev = kzalloc(sizeof(*ldev), GFP_KERNEL);
+        if (!ldev) {
+                printk(KERN_EMERG "Cannot allocate lguest dev %u\n",
+                       dev_index++);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        /* This devices' parent is the lguest/ dir. */
+        ldev->vdev.dev.parent = &lguest_root;
+        /* We have a unique device index thanks to the dev_index counter. */
+        ldev->vdev.index = dev_index++;
+        /* The device type comes straight from the descriptor.  There's also a
+         * device vendor field in the virtio_device struct, which we leave as
+         * 0. */
+        ldev->vdev.id.device = d->type;
+        /* We have a simple set of routines for querying the device's
+         * configuration information and setting its status. */
+        ldev->vdev.config = &lguest_config_ops;
+        /* And we remember the device's descriptor for lguest_config_ops. */
+        ldev->desc = d;
+
+        /* register_virtio_device() sets up the generic fields for the struct
+         * virtio_device and calls device_register().  This makes the bus
+         * infrastructure look for a matching driver. */
+        if (register_virtio_device(&ldev->vdev) != 0) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register lguest device %u\n",
+                       ldev->vdev.index);
+                kfree(ldev);
+        }
+}
+
+/*D:110 scan_devices() simply iterates through the device page.  The type 0 is
+ * reserved to mean "end of devices". */
+static void scan_devices(void)
+{
+        unsigned int i;
+        struct lguest_device_desc *d;
+
+        /* We start at the page beginning, and skip over each entry. */
+        for (i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE; i += sizeof(*d) + d->config_len) {
+                d = lguest_devices + i;
+
+                /* Once we hit a zero, stop. */
+                if (d->type == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                add_lguest_device(d);
+        }
+}
+
+/*D:105 Fairly early in boot, lguest_devices_init() is called to set up the
+ * lguest device infrastructure.  We check that we are a Guest by checking
+ * pv_info.name: there are other ways of checking, but this seems most
+ * obvious to me.
+ *
+ * So we can access the "struct lguest_device_desc"s easily, we map that memory
+ * and store the pointer in the global "lguest_devices".  Then we register a
+ * root device from which all our devices will hang (this seems to be the
+ * correct sysfs incantation).
+ *
+ * Finally we call scan_devices() which adds all the devices found in the
+ * lguest_devices page. */
+static int __init lguest_devices_init(void)
+{
+        if (strcmp(pv_info.name, "lguest") != 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (device_register(&lguest_root) != 0)
+                panic("Could not register lguest root");
+
+        /* Devices are in a single page above top of "normal" mem */
+        lguest_devices = lguest_map(max_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT, 1);
+
+        scan_devices();
+        return 0;
+}
+/* We do this after core stuff, but before the drivers. */
+postcore_initcall(lguest_devices_init);
+
+/*D:150 At this point in the journey we used to now wade through the lguest
+ * devices themselves: net, block and console.  Since they're all now virtio
+ * devices rather than lguest-specific, I've decided to ignore them.  Mostly,
+ * they're kind of boring.  But this does mean you'll never experience the
+ * thrill of reading the forbidden love scene buried deep in the block driver.
+ *
+ * "make Launcher" beckons, where we answer questions like "Where do Guests
+ * come from?", and "What do you do when someone asks for optimization?". */