[S390] noexec protection

This provides a noexec protection on s390 hardware. Our hardware does
not have any bits left in the pte for a hw noexec bit, so this is a
different approach using shadow page tables and a special addressing
mode that allows separate address spaces for code and data.

As a special feature of our "secondary-space" addressing mode, separate
page tables can be specified for the translation of data addresses
(storage operands) and instruction addresses. The shadow page table is
used for the instruction addresses and the standard page table for the
data addresses.
The shadow page table is linked to the standard page table by a pointer
in page->lru.next of the struct page corresponding to the page that
contains the standard page table (since page->private is not really
private with the pte_lock and the page table pages are not in the LRU
list).
Depending on the software bits of a pte, it is either inserted into
both page tables or just into the standard (data) page table. Pages of
a vma that does not have the VM_EXEC bit set get mapped only in the
data address space. Any try to execute code on such a page will cause a
page translation exception. The standard reaction to this is a SIGSEGV
with two exceptions: the two system call opcodes 0x0a77 (sys_sigreturn)
and 0x0aad (sys_rt_sigreturn) are allowed. They are stored by the
kernel to the signal stack frame. Unfortunately, the signal return
mechanism cannot be modified to use an SA_RESTORER because the
exception unwinding code depends on the system call opcode stored
behind the signal stack frame.

This feature requires that user space is executed in secondary-space
mode and the kernel in home-space mode, which means that the addressing
modes need to be switched and that the noexec protection only works
for user space.
After switching the addressing modes, we cannot use the mvcp/mvcs
instructions anymore to copy between kernel and user space. A new
mvcos instruction has been added to the z9 EC/BC hardware which allows
to copy between arbitrary address spaces, but on older hardware the
page tables need to be walked manually.

Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

1 files changed, 93 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c b/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
index 25bf7277d311..b1b9a931237d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
 #include <asm/sections.h>
+#include <asm/compat.h>
+
+long psw_kernel_bits    = (PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_PRIMARY |
+                           PSW_MASK_MCHECK | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY);
+long psw_user_bits      = (PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_HOME |
+                           PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+                           PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY);
 
 /*
  * User copy operations.
@@ -383,6 +390,84 @@ static int __init early_parse_ipldelay(char *p)
 }
 early_param("ipldelay", early_parse_ipldelay);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE
+unsigned int switch_amode = 0;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(switch_amode);
+
+static inline void set_amode_and_uaccess(unsigned long user_amode,
+                                         unsigned long user32_amode)
+{
+        psw_user_bits = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | user_amode |
+                        PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+                        PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+        psw_user32_bits = PSW_BASE32_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | user_amode |
+                          PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+                          PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+        psw32_user_bits = PSW32_BASE_BITS | PSW32_MASK_DAT | user32_amode |
+                          PSW32_MASK_IO | PSW32_MASK_EXT | PSW32_MASK_MCHECK |
+                          PSW32_MASK_PSTATE;
+#endif
+        psw_kernel_bits = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_HOME |
+                          PSW_MASK_MCHECK | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+
+        if (MACHINE_HAS_MVCOS) {
+                printk("mvcos available.\n");
+                memcpy(&uaccess, &uaccess_mvcos_switch, sizeof(uaccess));
+        } else {
+                printk("mvcos not available.\n");
+                memcpy(&uaccess, &uaccess_pt, sizeof(uaccess));
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Switch kernel/user addressing modes?
+ */
+static int __init early_parse_switch_amode(char *p)
+{
+        switch_amode = 1;
+        return 0;
+}
+early_param("switch_amode", early_parse_switch_amode);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE */
+static inline void set_amode_and_uaccess(unsigned long user_amode,
+                                         unsigned long user32_amode)
+{
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT
+unsigned int s390_noexec = 0;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(s390_noexec);
+
+/*
+ * Enable execute protection?
+ */
+static int __init early_parse_noexec(char *p)
+{
+        if (!strncmp(p, "off", 3))
+                return 0;
+        switch_amode = 1;
+        s390_noexec = 1;
+        return 0;
+}
+early_param("noexec", early_parse_noexec);
+#endif /* CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT */
+
+static void setup_addressing_mode(void)
+{
+        if (s390_noexec) {
+                printk("S390 execute protection active, ");
+                set_amode_and_uaccess(PSW_ASC_SECONDARY, PSW32_ASC_SECONDARY);
+                return;
+        }
+        if (switch_amode) {
+                printk("S390 address spaces switched, ");
+                set_amode_and_uaccess(PSW_ASC_PRIMARY, PSW32_ASC_PRIMARY);
+        }
+}
+
 static void __init
 setup_lowcore(void)
 {
@@ -399,19 +484,21 @@ setup_lowcore(void)
         lc->restart_psw.mask = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
         lc->restart_psw.addr =
                 PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) restart_int_handler;
-        lc->external_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+        if (switch_amode)
+                lc->restart_psw.mask |= PSW_ASC_HOME;
+        lc->external_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
         lc->external_new_psw.addr =
                 PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) ext_int_handler;
-        lc->svc_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
+        lc->svc_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
         lc->svc_new_psw.addr = PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) system_call;
-        lc->program_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+        lc->program_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
         lc->program_new_psw.addr =
                 PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long)pgm_check_handler;
         lc->mcck_new_psw.mask =
-                PSW_KERNEL_BITS & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK & ~PSW_MASK_DAT;
+                psw_kernel_bits & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK & ~PSW_MASK_DAT;
         lc->mcck_new_psw.addr =
                 PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) mcck_int_handler;
-        lc->io_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+        lc->io_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
         lc->io_new_psw.addr = PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) io_int_handler;
         lc->ipl_device = S390_lowcore.ipl_device;
         lc->jiffy_timer = -1LL;
@@ -645,6 +732,7 @@ setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
         parse_early_param();
 
         setup_memory_end();
+        setup_addressing_mode();
         setup_memory();
         setup_resources();
         setup_lowcore();