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authorIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>2008-07-08 01:47:47 -0400
committerIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>2008-07-08 01:47:47 -0400
commit93022136fff9e6130aa128a5ed8a599e93ac813c (patch)
tree185390fb75a3d7423cc508610b76637c957205b9 /Documentation
parentc49c412a47b5102516d3313d4eba38cb1e968721 (diff)
parentb7279469d66b55119784b8b9529c99c1955fe747 (diff)
Merge commit 'v2.6.26-rc9' into x86/cpu
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/SubmittingPatches46
-rw-r--r--Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/auxdisplay/ks01084
-rw-r--r--Documentation/cciss.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/cgroups.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/controllers/devices.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/cpusets.txt20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt9
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt1
-rw-r--r--Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface33
-rw-r--r--Documentation/i2c/writing-clients18
-rw-r--r--Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt99
-rw-r--r--Documentation/kernel-docs.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/kobject.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/lguest/lguest.c12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/bridge.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/networking/s2io.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au08282
-rw-r--r--Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx882
-rw-r--r--Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt77
-rw-r--r--Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/vm/slub.txt2
31 files changed, 354 insertions, 82 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
index 028a8444d95e..e8acd1f03456 100644
--- a/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
+++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
@@ -84,10 +84,9 @@
84 runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which contains 84 runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which contains
85 the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, uImage...). 85 the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage, uImage...).
86 In gdb the developer specifies the connection parameters and 86 In gdb the developer specifies the connection parameters and
87 connects to kgdb. Depending on which kgdb I/O modules exist in 87 connects to kgdb. The type of connection a developer makes with
88 the kernel for a given architecture, it may be possible to debug 88 gdb depends on the availability of kgdb I/O modules compiled as
89 the test machine's kernel with the development machine using a 89 builtin's or kernel modules in the test machine's kernel.
90 rs232 or ethernet connection.
91 </para> 90 </para>
92 </chapter> 91 </chapter>
93 <chapter id="CompilingAKernel"> 92 <chapter id="CompilingAKernel">
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@
223 </para> 222 </para>
224 <para> 223 <para>
225 IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this option with kgdb over the console 224 IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this option with kgdb over the console
226 (kgdboc) or kgdb over ethernet (kgdboe) is not supported. 225 (kgdboc) is not supported.
227 </para> 226 </para>
228 </sect1> 227 </sect1>
229 </chapter> 228 </chapter>
@@ -249,18 +248,11 @@
249 (gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0 248 (gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0
250 </programlisting> 249 </programlisting>
251 <para> 250 <para>
252 Example (kgdb to a terminal server): 251 Example (kgdb to a terminal server on tcp port 2012):
253 </para> 252 </para>
254 <programlisting> 253 <programlisting>
255 % gdb ./vmlinux 254 % gdb ./vmlinux
256 (gdb) target remote udp:192.168.2.2:6443 255 (gdb) target remote 192.168.2.2:2012
257 </programlisting>
258 <para>
259 Example (kgdb over ethernet):
260 </para>
261 <programlisting>
262 % gdb ./vmlinux
263 (gdb) target remote udp:192.168.2.2:6443
264 </programlisting> 256 </programlisting>
265 <para> 257 <para>
266 Once connected, you can debug a kernel the way you would debug an 258 Once connected, you can debug a kernel the way you would debug an
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 9c93a03ea33b..118ca6e9404f 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -327,6 +327,52 @@ Some people also put extra tags at the end. They'll just be ignored for
327now, but you can do this to mark internal company procedures or just 327now, but you can do this to mark internal company procedures or just
328point out some special detail about the sign-off. 328point out some special detail about the sign-off.
329 329
330If you are a subsystem or branch maintainer, sometimes you need to slightly
331modify patches you receive in order to merge them, because the code is not
332exactly the same in your tree and the submitters'. If you stick strictly to
333rule (c), you should ask the submitter to rediff, but this is a totally
334counter-productive waste of time and energy. Rule (b) allows you to adjust
335the code, but then it is very impolite to change one submitter's code and
336make him endorse your bugs. To solve this problem, it is recommended that
337you add a line between the last Signed-off-by header and yours, indicating
338the nature of your changes. While there is nothing mandatory about this, it
339seems like prepending the description with your mail and/or name, all
340enclosed in square brackets, is noticeable enough to make it obvious that
341you are responsible for last-minute changes. Example :
342
343 Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
344 [lucky@maintainer.example.org: struct foo moved from foo.c to foo.h]
345 Signed-off-by: Lucky K Maintainer <lucky@maintainer.example.org>
346
347This practise is particularly helpful if you maintain a stable branch and
348want at the same time to credit the author, track changes, merge the fix,
349and protect the submitter from complaints. Note that under no circumstances
350can you change the author's identity (the From header), as it is the one
351which appears in the changelog.
352
353Special note to back-porters: It seems to be a common and useful practise
354to insert an indication of the origin of a patch at the top of the commit
355message (just after the subject line) to facilitate tracking. For instance,
356here's what we see in 2.6-stable :
357
358 Date: Tue May 13 19:10:30 2008 +0000
359
360 SCSI: libiscsi regression in 2.6.25: fix nop timer handling
361
362 commit 4cf1043593db6a337f10e006c23c69e5fc93e722 upstream
363
364And here's what appears in 2.4 :
365
366 Date: Tue May 13 22:12:27 2008 +0200
367
368 wireless, airo: waitbusy() won't delay
369
370 [backport of 2.6 commit b7acbdfbd1f277c1eb23f344f899cfa4cd0bf36a]
371
372Whatever the format, this information provides a valuable help to people
373tracking your trees, and to people trying to trouble-shoot bugs in your
374tree.
375
330 376
33113) When to use Acked-by: and Cc: 37713) When to use Acked-by: and Cc:
332 378
diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt
index 8aa7529f8258..cd784f46bf8a 100644
--- a/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt
+++ b/Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ There are three different groups of fields in the struct taskstats:
24 24
254) Per-task and per-thread context switch count statistics 254) Per-task and per-thread context switch count statistics
26 26
275) Time accounting for SMT machines
28
27Future extension should add fields to the end of the taskstats struct, and 29Future extension should add fields to the end of the taskstats struct, and
28should not change the relative position of each field within the struct. 30should not change the relative position of each field within the struct.
29 31
@@ -164,4 +166,8 @@ struct taskstats {
164 __u64 nvcsw; /* Context voluntary switch counter */ 166 __u64 nvcsw; /* Context voluntary switch counter */
165 __u64 nivcsw; /* Context involuntary switch counter */ 167 __u64 nivcsw; /* Context involuntary switch counter */
166 168
1695) Time accounting for SMT machines
170 __u64 ac_utimescaled; /* utime scaled on frequency etc */
171 __u64 ac_stimescaled; /* stime scaled on frequency etc */
172 __u64 cpu_scaled_run_real_total; /* scaled cpu_run_real_total */
167} 173}
diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b
index b714183d4125..eb7be393a510 100644
--- a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b
+++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
3 =================================== 3 ===================================
4 4
5License: GPLv2 5License: GPLv2
6Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> 6Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis
7Date: 2006-10-27 7Date: 2006-10-27
8 8
9 9
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Date: 2006-10-27
221. DRIVER INFORMATION 221. DRIVER INFORMATION
23--------------------- 23---------------------
24 24
25This driver support one cfag12864b display at time. 25This driver supports a cfag12864b LCD.
26 26
27 27
28--------------------- 28---------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c
index 7bfac354d4c9..2caeea5e4993 100644
--- a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c
+++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
4 * Description: cfag12864b LCD userspace example program 4 * Description: cfag12864b LCD userspace example program
5 * License: GPLv2 5 * License: GPLv2
6 * 6 *
7 * Author: Copyright (C) Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> 7 * Author: Copyright (C) Miguel Ojeda Sandonis
8 * Date: 2006-10-31 8 * Date: 2006-10-31
9 * 9 *
10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108 b/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108
index 92b03b60c613..8ddda0c8ceef 100644
--- a/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108
+++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
3 ========================================== 3 ==========================================
4 4
5License: GPLv2 5License: GPLv2
6Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> 6Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis
7Date: 2006-10-27 7Date: 2006-10-27
8 8
9 9
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Date: 2006-10-27
211. DRIVER INFORMATION 211. DRIVER INFORMATION
22--------------------- 22---------------------
23 23
24This driver support the ks0108 LCD controller. 24This driver supports the ks0108 LCD controller.
25 25
26 26
27--------------------- 27---------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/cciss.txt b/Documentation/cciss.txt
index e65736c6b8bc..63e59b8847c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/cciss.txt
+++ b/Documentation/cciss.txt
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ This driver is known to work with the following cards:
21 * SA E200 21 * SA E200
22 * SA E200i 22 * SA E200i
23 * SA E500 23 * SA E500
24 * SA P212
25 * SA P410
26 * SA P410i
27 * SA P411
28 * SA P812
24 29
25Detecting drive failures: 30Detecting drive failures:
26------------------------- 31-------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups.txt b/Documentation/cgroups.txt
index 824fc0274471..d9014aa0eb68 100644
--- a/Documentation/cgroups.txt
+++ b/Documentation/cgroups.txt
@@ -390,6 +390,10 @@ If you have several tasks to attach, you have to do it one after another:
390 ... 390 ...
391# /bin/echo PIDn > tasks 391# /bin/echo PIDn > tasks
392 392
393You can attach the current shell task by echoing 0:
394
395# echo 0 > tasks
396
3933. Kernel API 3973. Kernel API
394============= 398=============
395 399
diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt b/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt
index 4dcea42432c2..7cc6e6a60672 100644
--- a/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt
+++ b/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r
13The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child device 13The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child device
14cgroup gets a copy of the parent. Administrators can then remove 14cgroup gets a copy of the parent. Administrators can then remove
15devices from the whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can 15devices from the whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can
16never receive a device access which is denied its parent. However 16never receive a device access which is denied by its parent. However
17when a device access is removed from a parent it will not also be 17when a device access is removed from a parent it will not also be
18removed from the child(ren). 18removed from the child(ren).
19 19
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as
29 29
30 echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny 30 echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny
31 31
32will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry. 32will remove the default 'a *:* rwm' entry. Doing
33
34 echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.allow
35
36will add the 'a *:* rwm' entry to the whitelist.
33 37
343. Security 383. Security
35 39
diff --git a/Documentation/cpusets.txt b/Documentation/cpusets.txt
index fb7b361e6eea..1f5a924d1e56 100644
--- a/Documentation/cpusets.txt
+++ b/Documentation/cpusets.txt
@@ -154,13 +154,15 @@ browsing and modifying the cpusets presently known to the kernel. No
154new system calls are added for cpusets - all support for querying and 154new system calls are added for cpusets - all support for querying and
155modifying cpusets is via this cpuset file system. 155modifying cpusets is via this cpuset file system.
156 156
157The /proc/<pid>/status file for each task has two added lines, 157The /proc/<pid>/status file for each task has four added lines,
158displaying the tasks cpus_allowed (on which CPUs it may be scheduled) 158displaying the tasks cpus_allowed (on which CPUs it may be scheduled)
159and mems_allowed (on which Memory Nodes it may obtain memory), 159and mems_allowed (on which Memory Nodes it may obtain memory),
160in the format seen in the following example: 160in the two formats seen in the following example:
161 161
162 Cpus_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff 162 Cpus_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff,ffffffff
163 Cpus_allowed_list: 0-127
163 Mems_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff 164 Mems_allowed: ffffffff,ffffffff
165 Mems_allowed_list: 0-63
164 166
165Each cpuset is represented by a directory in the cgroup file system 167Each cpuset is represented by a directory in the cgroup file system
166containing (on top of the standard cgroup files) the following 168containing (on top of the standard cgroup files) the following
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ using the sched_setaffinity, mbind and set_mempolicy system calls.
199The following rules apply to each cpuset: 201The following rules apply to each cpuset:
200 202
201 - Its CPUs and Memory Nodes must be a subset of its parents. 203 - Its CPUs and Memory Nodes must be a subset of its parents.
202 - It can only be marked exclusive if its parent is. 204 - It can't be marked exclusive unless its parent is.
203 - If its cpu or memory is exclusive, they may not overlap any sibling. 205 - If its cpu or memory is exclusive, they may not overlap any sibling.
204 206
205These rules, and the natural hierarchy of cpusets, enable efficient 207These rules, and the natural hierarchy of cpusets, enable efficient
@@ -345,7 +347,7 @@ is modified to perform an inline check for this PF_SPREAD_PAGE task
345flag, and if set, a call to a new routine cpuset_mem_spread_node() 347flag, and if set, a call to a new routine cpuset_mem_spread_node()
346returns the node to prefer for the allocation. 348returns the node to prefer for the allocation.
347 349
348Similarly, setting 'memory_spread_cache' turns on the flag 350Similarly, setting 'memory_spread_slab' turns on the flag
349PF_SPREAD_SLAB, and appropriately marked slab caches will allocate 351PF_SPREAD_SLAB, and appropriately marked slab caches will allocate
350pages from the node returned by cpuset_mem_spread_node(). 352pages from the node returned by cpuset_mem_spread_node().
351 353
@@ -542,7 +544,10 @@ otherwise initial value -1 that indicates the cpuset has no request.
542 2 : search cores in a package. 544 2 : search cores in a package.
543 3 : search cpus in a node [= system wide on non-NUMA system] 545 3 : search cpus in a node [= system wide on non-NUMA system]
544 ( 4 : search nodes in a chunk of node [on NUMA system] ) 546 ( 4 : search nodes in a chunk of node [on NUMA system] )
545 ( 5~ : search system wide [on NUMA system]) 547 ( 5 : search system wide [on NUMA system] )
548
549The system default is architecture dependent. The system default
550can be changed using the relax_domain_level= boot parameter.
546 551
547This file is per-cpuset and affect the sched domain where the cpuset 552This file is per-cpuset and affect the sched domain where the cpuset
548belongs to. Therefore if the flag 'sched_load_balance' of a cpuset 553belongs to. Therefore if the flag 'sched_load_balance' of a cpuset
@@ -709,7 +714,10 @@ Now you want to do something with this cpuset.
709 714
710In this directory you can find several files: 715In this directory you can find several files:
711# ls 716# ls
712cpus cpu_exclusive mems mem_exclusive mem_hardwall tasks 717cpu_exclusive memory_migrate mems tasks
718cpus memory_pressure notify_on_release
719mem_exclusive memory_spread_page sched_load_balance
720mem_hardwall memory_spread_slab sched_relax_domain_level
713 721
714Reading them will give you information about the state of this cpuset: 722Reading them will give you information about the state of this cpuset:
715the CPUs and Memory Nodes it can use, the processes that are using 723the CPUs and Memory Nodes it can use, the processes that are using
diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
index 5b3f31faed56..46ece3fba6f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
@@ -312,3 +312,12 @@ When: 2.6.26
312Why: Implementation became generic; users should now include 312Why: Implementation became generic; users should now include
313 linux/semaphore.h instead. 313 linux/semaphore.h instead.
314Who: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> 314Who: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
315
316---------------------------
317
318What: CONFIG_THERMAL_HWMON
319When: January 2009
320Why: This option was introduced just to allow older lm-sensors userspace
321 to keep working over the upgrade to 2.6.26. At the scheduled time of
322 removal fixed lm-sensors (2.x or 3.x) should be readily available.
323Who: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
index 560f88dc7090..0c5086db8352 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
@@ -139,8 +139,16 @@ commit=nrsec (*) Ext4 can be told to sync all its data and metadata
139 Setting it to very large values will improve 139 Setting it to very large values will improve
140 performance. 140 performance.
141 141
142barrier=1 This enables/disables barriers. barrier=0 disables 142barrier=<0|1(*)> This enables/disables the use of write barriers in
143 it, barrier=1 enables it. 143 the jbd code. barrier=0 disables, barrier=1 enables.
144 This also requires an IO stack which can support
145 barriers, and if jbd gets an error on a barrier
146 write, it will disable again with a warning.
147 Write barriers enforce proper on-disk ordering
148 of journal commits, making volatile disk write caches
149 safe to use, at some performance penalty. If
150 your disks are battery-backed in one way or another,
151 disabling barriers may safely improve performance.
144 152
145orlov (*) This enables the new Orlov block allocator. It is 153orlov (*) This enables the new Orlov block allocator. It is
146 enabled by default. 154 enabled by default.
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt
index 5daa2aaec2c5..68ef48839c04 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ files, each with their own function.
36 local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro) 36 local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro)
37 resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro) 37 resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro)
38 resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap) 38 resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap)
39 resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap)
39 rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro) 40 rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro)
40 subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro) 41 subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro)
41 subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro) 42 subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro)
diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
index f4a8ebc1ef1a..2d845730d4e0 100644
--- a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
+++ b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
@@ -2,17 +2,12 @@ Naming and data format standards for sysfs files
2------------------------------------------------ 2------------------------------------------------
3 3
4The libsensors library offers an interface to the raw sensors data 4The libsensors library offers an interface to the raw sensors data
5through the sysfs interface. See libsensors documentation and source for 5through the sysfs interface. Since lm-sensors 3.0.0, libsensors is
6further information. As of writing this document, libsensors 6completely chip-independent. It assumes that all the kernel drivers
7(from lm_sensors 2.8.3) is heavily chip-dependent. Adding or updating 7implement the standard sysfs interface described in this document.
8support for any given chip requires modifying the library's code. 8This makes adding or updating support for any given chip very easy, as
9This is because libsensors was written for the procfs interface 9libsensors, and applications using it, do not need to be modified.
10older kernel modules were using, which wasn't standardized enough. 10This is a major improvement compared to lm-sensors 2.
11Recent versions of libsensors (from lm_sensors 2.8.2 and later) have
12support for the sysfs interface, though.
13
14The new sysfs interface was designed to be as chip-independent as
15possible.
16 11
17Note that motherboards vary widely in the connections to sensor chips. 12Note that motherboards vary widely in the connections to sensor chips.
18There is no standard that ensures, for example, that the second 13There is no standard that ensures, for example, that the second
@@ -35,19 +30,17 @@ access this data in a simple and consistent way. That said, such programs
35will have to implement conversion, labeling and hiding of inputs. For 30will have to implement conversion, labeling and hiding of inputs. For
36this reason, it is still not recommended to bypass the library. 31this reason, it is still not recommended to bypass the library.
37 32
38If you are developing a userspace application please send us feedback on
39this standard.
40
41Note that this standard isn't completely established yet, so it is subject
42to changes. If you are writing a new hardware monitoring driver those
43features can't seem to fit in this interface, please contact us with your
44extension proposal. Keep in mind that backward compatibility must be
45preserved.
46
47Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To 33Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To
48find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from 34find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from
49/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*. 35/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*.
50 36
37Up to lm-sensors 3.0.0, libsensors looks for hardware monitoring attributes
38in the "physical" device directory. Since lm-sensors 3.0.1, attributes found
39in the hwmon "class" device directory are also supported. Complex drivers
40(e.g. drivers for multifunction chips) may want to use this possibility to
41avoid namespace pollution. The only drawback will be that older versions of
42libsensors won't support the driver in question.
43
51All sysfs values are fixed point numbers. 44All sysfs values are fixed point numbers.
52 45
53There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification. 46There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification.
diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients
index ee75cbace28d..d4cd4126d1ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients
+++ b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients
@@ -25,12 +25,23 @@ routines, and should be zero-initialized except for fields with data you
25provide. A client structure holds device-specific information like the 25provide. A client structure holds device-specific information like the
26driver model device node, and its I2C address. 26driver model device node, and its I2C address.
27 27
28/* iff driver uses driver model ("new style") binding model: */
29
30static struct i2c_device_id foo_idtable[] = {
31 { "foo", my_id_for_foo },
32 { "bar", my_id_for_bar },
33 { }
34};
35
36MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, foo_idtable);
37
28static struct i2c_driver foo_driver = { 38static struct i2c_driver foo_driver = {
29 .driver = { 39 .driver = {
30 .name = "foo", 40 .name = "foo",
31 }, 41 },
32 42
33 /* iff driver uses driver model ("new style") binding model: */ 43 /* iff driver uses driver model ("new style") binding model: */
44 .id_table = foo_ids,
34 .probe = foo_probe, 45 .probe = foo_probe,
35 .remove = foo_remove, 46 .remove = foo_remove,
36 47
@@ -173,10 +184,9 @@ handle may be used during foo_probe(). If foo_probe() reports success
173(zero not a negative status code) it may save the handle and use it until 184(zero not a negative status code) it may save the handle and use it until
174foo_remove() returns. That binding model is used by most Linux drivers. 185foo_remove() returns. That binding model is used by most Linux drivers.
175 186
176Drivers match devices when i2c_client.driver_name and the driver name are 187The probe function is called when an entry in the id_table name field
177the same; this approach is used in several other busses that don't have 188matches the device's name. It is passed the entry that was matched so
178device typing support in the hardware. The driver and module name should 189the driver knows which one in the table matched.
179match, so hotplug/coldplug mechanisms will modprobe the driver.
180 190
181 191
182Device Creation (Standard driver model) 192Device Creation (Standard driver model)
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
index 2075c0658bf5..0bd32748a467 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,105 @@
1kernel-doc nano-HOWTO 1kernel-doc nano-HOWTO
2===================== 2=====================
3 3
4How to format kernel-doc comments
5---------------------------------
6
7In order to provide embedded, 'C' friendly, easy to maintain,
8but consistent and extractable documentation of the functions and
9data structures in the Linux kernel, the Linux kernel has adopted
10a consistent style for documenting functions and their parameters,
11and structures and their members.
12
13The format for this documentation is called the kernel-doc format.
14It is documented in this Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt file.
15
16This style embeds the documentation within the source files, using
17a few simple conventions. The scripts/kernel-doc perl script, some
18SGML templates in Documentation/DocBook, and other tools understand
19these conventions, and are used to extract this embedded documentation
20into various documents.
21
22In order to provide good documentation of kernel functions and data
23structures, please use the following conventions to format your
24kernel-doc comments in Linux kernel source.
25
26We definitely need kernel-doc formatted documentation for functions
27that are exported to loadable modules using EXPORT_SYMBOL.
28
29We also look to provide kernel-doc formatted documentation for
30functions externally visible to other kernel files (not marked
31"static").
32
33We also recommend providing kernel-doc formatted documentation
34for private (file "static") routines, for consistency of kernel
35source code layout. But this is lower priority and at the
36discretion of the MAINTAINER of that kernel source file.
37
38Data structures visible in kernel include files should also be
39documented using kernel-doc formatted comments.
40
41The opening comment mark "/**" is reserved for kernel-doc comments.
42Only comments so marked will be considered by the kernel-doc scripts,
43and any comment so marked must be in kernel-doc format. Do not use
44"/**" to be begin a comment block unless the comment block contains
45kernel-doc formatted comments. The closing comment marker for
46kernel-doc comments can be either "*/" or "**/".
47
48Kernel-doc comments should be placed just before the function
49or data structure being described.
50
51Example kernel-doc function comment:
52
53/**
54 * foobar() - short function description of foobar
55 * @arg1: Describe the first argument to foobar.
56 * @arg2: Describe the second argument to foobar.
57 * One can provide multiple line descriptions
58 * for arguments.
59 *
60 * A longer description, with more discussion of the function foobar()
61 * that might be useful to those using or modifying it. Begins with
62 * empty comment line, and may include additional embedded empty
63 * comment lines.
64 *
65 * The longer description can have multiple paragraphs.
66 **/
67
68The first line, with the short description, must be on a single line.
69
70The @argument descriptions must begin on the very next line following
71this opening short function description line, with no intervening
72empty comment lines.
73
74Example kernel-doc data structure comment.
75
76/**
77 * struct blah - the basic blah structure
78 * @mem1: describe the first member of struct blah
79 * @mem2: describe the second member of struct blah,
80 * perhaps with more lines and words.
81 *
82 * Longer description of this structure.
83 **/
84
85The kernel-doc function comments describe each parameter to the
86function, in order, with the @name lines.
87
88The kernel-doc data structure comments describe each structure member
89in the data structure, with the @name lines.
90
91The longer description formatting is "reflowed", losing your line
92breaks. So presenting carefully formatted lists within these
93descriptions won't work so well; derived documentation will lose
94the formatting.
95
96See the section below "How to add extractable documentation to your
97source files" for more details and notes on how to format kernel-doc
98comments.
99
100Components of the kernel-doc system
101-----------------------------------
102
4Many places in the source tree have extractable documentation in the 103Many places in the source tree have extractable documentation in the
5form of block comments above functions. The components of this system 104form of block comments above functions. The components of this system
6are: 105are:
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt
index 5a4ef48224ae..28cdc2af2131 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt
@@ -715,14 +715,14 @@
715 715
716 * Name: "Gary's Encyclopedia - The Linux Kernel" 716 * Name: "Gary's Encyclopedia - The Linux Kernel"
717 Author: Gary (I suppose...). 717 Author: Gary (I suppose...).
718 URL: http://www.lisoleg.net/cgi-bin/lisoleg.pl?view=kernel.htm 718 URL: http://slencyclopedia.berlios.de/index.html
719 Keywords: links, not found here?. 719 Keywords: linux, community, everything!
720 Description: Gary's Encyclopedia exists to allow the rapid finding 720 Description: Gary's Encyclopedia exists to allow the rapid finding
721 of documentation and other information of interest to GNU/Linux 721 of documentation and other information of interest to GNU/Linux
722 users. It has about 4000 links to external pages in 150 major 722 users. It has about 4000 links to external pages in 150 major
723 categories. This link is for kernel-specific links, documents, 723 categories. This link is for kernel-specific links, documents,
724 sites... Look there if you could not find here what you were 724 sites... This list is now hosted by developer.Berlios.de,
725 looking for. 725 but seems not to have been updated since sometime in 1999.
726 726
727 * Name: "The home page of Linux-MM" 727 * Name: "The home page of Linux-MM"
728 Author: The Linux-MM team. 728 Author: The Linux-MM team.
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
index e07c432c731f..b52f47d588b4 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
295 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components. 295 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
296 296
297 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management 297 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
298 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c. 298 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
299 299
300 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards 300 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
301 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID> 301 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
638 638
639 elanfreq= [X86-32] 639 elanfreq= [X86-32]
640 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in 640 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
641 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c. 641 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
642 642
643 elevator= [IOSCHED] 643 elevator= [IOSCHED]
644 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"} 644 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
@@ -1679,6 +1679,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
1679 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]] 1679 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1680 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c 1680 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1681 1681
1682 relax_domain_level=
1683 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
1684 See Documentation/cpusets.txt.
1685
1682 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area 1686 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1683 1687
1684 reservetop= [X86-32] 1688 reservetop= [X86-32]
diff --git a/Documentation/kobject.txt b/Documentation/kobject.txt
index bf3256e04027..51a8021ee532 100644
--- a/Documentation/kobject.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kobject.txt
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ should not be manipulated by any other user.
305 305
306A kset keeps its children in a standard kernel linked list. Kobjects point 306A kset keeps its children in a standard kernel linked list. Kobjects point
307back to their containing kset via their kset field. In almost all cases, 307back to their containing kset via their kset field. In almost all cases,
308the kobjects belonging to a ket have that kset (or, strictly, its embedded 308the kobjects belonging to a kset have that kset (or, strictly, its embedded
309kobject) in their parent. 309kobject) in their parent.
310 310
311As a kset contains a kobject within it, it should always be dynamically 311As a kset contains a kobject within it, it should always be dynamically
diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt
index 01c6c3d8a7e3..64b3f146e4b0 100644
--- a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt
+++ b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ generate input device EV_KEY events.
503In addition to the EV_KEY events, thinkpad-acpi may also issue EV_SW 503In addition to the EV_KEY events, thinkpad-acpi may also issue EV_SW
504events for switches: 504events for switches:
505 505
506SW_RADIO T60 and later hardare rfkill rocker switch 506SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardare rfkill rocker switch
507SW_TABLET_MODE Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A 507SW_TABLET_MODE Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A
508 508
509Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map: 509Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map:
diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c
index 3be8ab2a886a..82fafe0429fe 100644
--- a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c
+++ b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c
@@ -157,6 +157,9 @@ struct virtqueue
157 157
158 /* The routine to call when the Guest pings us. */ 158 /* The routine to call when the Guest pings us. */
159 void (*handle_output)(int fd, struct virtqueue *me); 159 void (*handle_output)(int fd, struct virtqueue *me);
160
161 /* Outstanding buffers */
162 unsigned int inflight;
160}; 163};
161 164
162/* Remember the arguments to the program so we can "reboot" */ 165/* Remember the arguments to the program so we can "reboot" */
@@ -702,6 +705,7 @@ static unsigned get_vq_desc(struct virtqueue *vq,
702 errx(1, "Looped descriptor"); 705 errx(1, "Looped descriptor");
703 } while ((i = next_desc(vq, i)) != vq->vring.num); 706 } while ((i = next_desc(vq, i)) != vq->vring.num);
704 707
708 vq->inflight++;
705 return head; 709 return head;
706} 710}
707 711
@@ -719,6 +723,7 @@ static void add_used(struct virtqueue *vq, unsigned int head, int len)
719 /* Make sure buffer is written before we update index. */ 723 /* Make sure buffer is written before we update index. */
720 wmb(); 724 wmb();
721 vq->vring.used->idx++; 725 vq->vring.used->idx++;
726 vq->inflight--;
722} 727}
723 728
724/* This actually sends the interrupt for this virtqueue */ 729/* This actually sends the interrupt for this virtqueue */
@@ -726,8 +731,9 @@ static void trigger_irq(int fd, struct virtqueue *vq)
726{ 731{
727 unsigned long buf[] = { LHREQ_IRQ, vq->config.irq }; 732 unsigned long buf[] = { LHREQ_IRQ, vq->config.irq };
728 733
729 /* If they don't want an interrupt, don't send one. */ 734 /* If they don't want an interrupt, don't send one, unless empty. */
730 if (vq->vring.avail->flags & VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT) 735 if ((vq->vring.avail->flags & VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT)
736 && vq->inflight)
731 return; 737 return;
732 738
733 /* Send the Guest an interrupt tell them we used something up. */ 739 /* Send the Guest an interrupt tell them we used something up. */
@@ -1107,6 +1113,7 @@ static void add_virtqueue(struct device *dev, unsigned int num_descs,
1107 vq->next = NULL; 1113 vq->next = NULL;
1108 vq->last_avail_idx = 0; 1114 vq->last_avail_idx = 0;
1109 vq->dev = dev; 1115 vq->dev = dev;
1116 vq->inflight = 0;
1110 1117
1111 /* Initialize the configuration. */ 1118 /* Initialize the configuration. */
1112 vq->config.num = num_descs; 1119 vq->config.num = num_descs;
@@ -1368,6 +1375,7 @@ static void setup_tun_net(const char *arg)
1368 1375
1369 /* Tell Guest what MAC address to use. */ 1376 /* Tell Guest what MAC address to use. */
1370 add_feature(dev, VIRTIO_NET_F_MAC); 1377 add_feature(dev, VIRTIO_NET_F_MAC);
1378 add_feature(dev, VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY);
1371 set_config(dev, sizeof(conf), &conf); 1379 set_config(dev, sizeof(conf), &conf);
1372 1380
1373 /* We don't need the socket any more; setup is done. */ 1381 /* We don't need the socket any more; setup is done. */
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt b/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt
index 770fc41a78e8..796012540386 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/arcnet.txt
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ These are the ARCnet drivers for Linux.
46 46
47 47
48This new release (2.91) has been put together by David Woodhouse 48This new release (2.91) has been put together by David Woodhouse
49<dwmw2@cam.ac.uk>, in an attempt to tidy up the driver after adding support 49<dwmw2@infradead.org>, in an attempt to tidy up the driver after adding support
50for yet another chipset. Now the generic support has been separated from the 50for yet another chipset. Now the generic support has been separated from the
51individual chipset drivers, and the source files aren't quite so packed with 51individual chipset drivers, and the source files aren't quite so packed with
52#ifdefs! I've changed this file a bit, but kept it in the first person from 52#ifdefs! I've changed this file a bit, but kept it in the first person from
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/bridge.txt b/Documentation/networking/bridge.txt
index bdae2db4119c..bec69a8a1697 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/bridge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/bridge.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
1In order to use the Ethernet bridging functionality, you'll need the 1In order to use the Ethernet bridging functionality, you'll need the
2userspace tools. These programs and documentation are available 2userspace tools. These programs and documentation are available
3at http://bridge.sourceforge.net. The download page is 3at http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Net:Bridge. The download page is
4http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/bridge. 4http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/bridge.
5 5
6If you still have questions, don't hesitate to post to the mailing list 6If you still have questions, don't hesitate to post to the mailing list
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
index 17a6e46fbd43..17f1f91af35c 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
@@ -81,23 +81,23 @@ inet_peer_minttl - INTEGER
81 Minimum time-to-live of entries. Should be enough to cover fragment 81 Minimum time-to-live of entries. Should be enough to cover fragment
82 time-to-live on the reassembling side. This minimum time-to-live is 82 time-to-live on the reassembling side. This minimum time-to-live is
83 guaranteed if the pool size is less than inet_peer_threshold. 83 guaranteed if the pool size is less than inet_peer_threshold.
84 Measured in jiffies(1). 84 Measured in seconds.
85 85
86inet_peer_maxttl - INTEGER 86inet_peer_maxttl - INTEGER
87 Maximum time-to-live of entries. Unused entries will expire after 87 Maximum time-to-live of entries. Unused entries will expire after
88 this period of time if there is no memory pressure on the pool (i.e. 88 this period of time if there is no memory pressure on the pool (i.e.
89 when the number of entries in the pool is very small). 89 when the number of entries in the pool is very small).
90 Measured in jiffies(1). 90 Measured in seconds.
91 91
92inet_peer_gc_mintime - INTEGER 92inet_peer_gc_mintime - INTEGER
93 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is 93 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is
94 in effect under high memory pressure on the pool. 94 in effect under high memory pressure on the pool.
95 Measured in jiffies(1). 95 Measured in seconds.
96 96
97inet_peer_gc_maxtime - INTEGER 97inet_peer_gc_maxtime - INTEGER
98 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is 98 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is
99 in effect under low (or absent) memory pressure on the pool. 99 in effect under low (or absent) memory pressure on the pool.
100 Measured in jiffies(1). 100 Measured in seconds.
101 101
102TCP variables: 102TCP variables:
103 103
@@ -794,10 +794,6 @@ tag - INTEGER
794 Allows you to write a number, which can be used as required. 794 Allows you to write a number, which can be used as required.
795 Default value is 0. 795 Default value is 0.
796 796
797(1) Jiffie: internal timeunit for the kernel. On the i386 1/100s, on the
798Alpha 1/1024s. See the HZ define in /usr/include/asm/param.h for the exact
799value on your system.
800
801Alexey Kuznetsov. 797Alexey Kuznetsov.
802kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru 798kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru
803 799
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt
index 4bde53e85f3f..1e28e2ddb90a 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ Valid range: Limited by memory on system
83Default: 30 83Default: 30
84 84
85e. intr_type 85e. intr_type
86Specifies interrupt type. Possible values 1(INTA), 2(MSI), 3(MSI-X) 86Specifies interrupt type. Possible values 0(INTA), 2(MSI-X)
87Valid range: 1-3 87Valid values: 0, 2
88Default: 1 88Default: 2
89 89
905. Performance suggestions 905. Performance suggestions
91General: 91General:
diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828
index aaae360312e4..86d1c8e7b18f 100644
--- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828
+++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
1 0 -> Unknown board (au0828) 1 0 -> Unknown board (au0828)
2 1 -> Hauppauge HVR950Q (au0828) [2040:7200] 2 1 -> Hauppauge HVR950Q (au0828) [2040:7200,2040:7210,2040:7217,2040:721b,2040:721f,2040:7280,0fd9:0008]
3 2 -> Hauppauge HVR850 (au0828) [2040:7240] 3 2 -> Hauppauge HVR850 (au0828) [2040:7240]
4 3 -> DViCO FusionHDTV USB (au0828) [0fe9:d620] 4 3 -> DViCO FusionHDTV USB (au0828) [0fe9:d620]
diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88
index 543957346469..7cf5685d3645 100644
--- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88
+++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx88
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
60 59 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 5 PCI nano [18ac:d530] 60 59 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 5 PCI nano [18ac:d530]
61 60 -> Pinnacle Hybrid PCTV [12ab:1788] 61 60 -> Pinnacle Hybrid PCTV [12ab:1788]
62 61 -> Winfast TV2000 XP Global [107d:6f18] 62 61 -> Winfast TV2000 XP Global [107d:6f18]
63 62 -> PowerColor Real Angel 330 [14f1:ea3d] 63 62 -> PowerColor RA330 [14f1:ea3d]
64 63 -> Geniatech X8000-MT DVBT [14f1:8852] 64 63 -> Geniatech X8000-MT DVBT [14f1:8852]
65 64 -> DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T PRO [18ac:db30] 65 64 -> DViCO FusionHDTV DVB-T PRO [18ac:db30]
66 65 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 7 Gold [18ac:d610] 66 65 -> DViCO FusionHDTV 7 Gold [18ac:d610]
diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt
index 077d56ec3f3d..6842c262890f 100644
--- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt
+++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx18.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
1Some notes regarding the cx18 driver for the Conexant CX23418 MPEG 1Some notes regarding the cx18 driver for the Conexant CX23418 MPEG
2encoder chip: 2encoder chip:
3 3
41) The only hardware currently supported is the Hauppauge HVR-1600. 41) The only hardware currently supported is the Hauppauge HVR-1600
5 card and the Compro VideoMate H900 (note that this card only
6 supports analog input, it has no digital tuner!).
5 7
62) Some people have problems getting the i2c bus to work. Cause unknown. 82) Some people have problems getting the i2c bus to work. Cause unknown.
7 The symptom is that the eeprom cannot be read and the card is 9 The symptom is that the eeprom cannot be read and the card is
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt b/Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce72c0fe6177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
1pagemap, from the userspace perspective
2---------------------------------------
3
4pagemap is a new (as of 2.6.25) set of interfaces in the kernel that allow
5userspace programs to examine the page tables and related information by
6reading files in /proc.
7
8There are three components to pagemap:
9
10 * /proc/pid/pagemap. This file lets a userspace process find out which
11 physical frame each virtual page is mapped to. It contains one 64-bit
12 value for each virtual page, containing the following data (from
13 fs/proc/task_mmu.c, above pagemap_read):
14
15 * Bits 0-55 page frame number (PFN) if present
16 * Bits 0-4 swap type if swapped
17 * Bits 5-55 swap offset if swapped
18 * Bits 55-60 page shift (page size = 1<<page shift)
19 * Bit 61 reserved for future use
20 * Bit 62 page swapped
21 * Bit 63 page present
22
23 If the page is not present but in swap, then the PFN contains an
24 encoding of the swap file number and the page's offset into the
25 swap. Unmapped pages return a null PFN. This allows determining
26 precisely which pages are mapped (or in swap) and comparing mapped
27 pages between processes.
28
29 Efficient users of this interface will use /proc/pid/maps to
30 determine which areas of memory are actually mapped and llseek to
31 skip over unmapped regions.
32
33 * /proc/kpagecount. This file contains a 64-bit count of the number of
34 times each page is mapped, indexed by PFN.
35
36 * /proc/kpageflags. This file contains a 64-bit set of flags for each
37 page, indexed by PFN.
38
39 The flags are (from fs/proc/proc_misc, above kpageflags_read):
40
41 0. LOCKED
42 1. ERROR
43 2. REFERENCED
44 3. UPTODATE
45 4. DIRTY
46 5. LRU
47 6. ACTIVE
48 7. SLAB
49 8. WRITEBACK
50 9. RECLAIM
51 10. BUDDY
52
53Using pagemap to do something useful:
54
55The general procedure for using pagemap to find out about a process' memory
56usage goes like this:
57
58 1. Read /proc/pid/maps to determine which parts of the memory space are
59 mapped to what.
60 2. Select the maps you are interested in -- all of them, or a particular
61 library, or the stack or the heap, etc.
62 3. Open /proc/pid/pagemap and seek to the pages you would like to examine.
63 4. Read a u64 for each page from pagemap.
64 5. Open /proc/kpagecount and/or /proc/kpageflags. For each PFN you just
65 read, seek to that entry in the file, and read the data you want.
66
67For example, to find the "unique set size" (USS), which is the amount of
68memory that a process is using that is not shared with any other process,
69you can go through every map in the process, find the PFNs, look those up
70in kpagecount, and tally up the number of pages that are only referenced
71once.
72
73Other notes:
74
75Reading from any of the files will return -EINVAL if you are not starting
76the read on an 8-byte boundary (e.g., if you seeked an odd number of bytes
77into the file), or if the size of the read is not a multiple of 8 bytes.
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c b/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c
index e4230ed16ee7..df3227605d59 100644
--- a/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c
+++ b/Documentation/vm/slabinfo.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1/* 1/*
2 * Slabinfo: Tool to get reports about slabs 2 * Slabinfo: Tool to get reports about slabs
3 * 3 *
4 * (C) 2007 sgi, Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> 4 * (C) 2007 sgi, Christoph Lameter
5 * 5 *
6 * Compile by: 6 * Compile by:
7 * 7 *
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void fatal(const char *x, ...)
99 99
100void usage(void) 100void usage(void)
101{ 101{
102 printf("slabinfo 5/7/2007. (c) 2007 sgi. clameter@sgi.com\n\n" 102 printf("slabinfo 5/7/2007. (c) 2007 sgi.\n\n"
103 "slabinfo [-ahnpvtsz] [-d debugopts] [slab-regexp]\n" 103 "slabinfo [-ahnpvtsz] [-d debugopts] [slab-regexp]\n"
104 "-a|--aliases Show aliases\n" 104 "-a|--aliases Show aliases\n"
105 "-A|--activity Most active slabs first\n" 105 "-A|--activity Most active slabs first\n"
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/slub.txt b/Documentation/vm/slub.txt
index 7c13f22a0c9e..bb1f5c6e28b3 100644
--- a/Documentation/vm/slub.txt
+++ b/Documentation/vm/slub.txt
@@ -266,4 +266,4 @@ of other objects.
266 266
267 slub_debug=FZ,dentry 267 slub_debug=FZ,dentry
268 268
269Christoph Lameter, <clameter@sgi.com>, May 30, 2007 269Christoph Lameter, May 30, 2007