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authorPete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>2006-12-31 01:43:10 -0500
committerGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>2007-02-07 18:44:34 -0500
commit6f23ee1fefdc1f80bd8a3ab04a1c41ab2dec14c9 (patch)
tree36a5241c29333580de3e3c75e2c62edc1cdf583c /Documentation/usb
parenta8ef36bc0a5fe973bddaa54a5a07cda29e04a602 (diff)
USB: add binary API to usbmon
This patch adds a new, "binary" API in addition to the old, text API usbmon had before. The new API allows for less CPU use, and it allows to capture all data from a packet where old API only captured 32 bytes at most. There are some limitations and conditions to this, e.g. in case someone constructs a URB with 1GB of data, it's not likely to be captured, because even the huge buffers of the new reader are finite. Nonetheless, I expect this new capability to capture all data for all real life scenarios. The downside is, a special user mode application is required where cat(1) worked before. I have sample code at http://people.redhat.com/zaitcev/linux/ and Paolo Abeni is working on patching libpcap. This patch was initially written by Paolo and later I tweaked it, and we had a little back-and-forth. So this is a jointly authored patch, but I am submitting this I am responsible for the bugs. Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <paolo.abeni@email.it> Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/usb')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt152
1 files changed, 150 insertions, 2 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt b/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt
index e65ec828d7aa..0f6808abd612 100644
--- a/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ that the file size is not excessive for your favourite editor.
77 77
78The '1t' type data consists of a stream of events, such as URB submission, 78The '1t' type data consists of a stream of events, such as URB submission,
79URB callback, submission error. Every event is a text line, which consists 79URB callback, submission error. Every event is a text line, which consists
80of whitespace separated words. The number of position of words may depend 80of whitespace separated words. The number or position of words may depend
81on the event type, but there is a set of words, common for all types. 81on the event type, but there is a set of words, common for all types.
82 82
83Here is the list of words, from left to right: 83Here is the list of words, from left to right:
@@ -170,4 +170,152 @@ dd65f0e8 4128379808 C Bo:005:02 0 31 >
170 170
171* Raw binary format and API 171* Raw binary format and API
172 172
173TBD 173The overall architecture of the API is about the same as the one above,
174only the events are delivered in binary format. Each event is sent in
175the following structure (its name is made up, so that we can refer to it):
176
177struct usbmon_packet {
178 u64 id; /* 0: URB ID - from submission to callback */
179 unsigned char type; /* 8: Same as text; extensible. */
180 unsigned char xfer_type; /* ISO (0), Intr, Control, Bulk (3) */
181 unsigned char epnum; /* Endpoint number and transfer direction */
182 unsigned char devnum; /* Device address */
183 u16 busnum; /* 12: Bus number */
184 char flag_setup; /* 14: Same as text */
185 char flag_data; /* 15: Same as text; Binary zero is OK. */
186 s64 ts_sec; /* 16: gettimeofday */
187 s32 ts_usec; /* 24: gettimeofday */
188 int status; /* 28: */
189 unsigned int length; /* 32: Length of data (submitted or actual) */
190 unsigned int len_cap; /* 36: Delivered length */
191 unsigned char setup[8]; /* 40: Only for Control 'S' */
192}; /* 48 bytes total */
193
194These events can be received from a character device by reading with read(2),
195with an ioctl(2), or by accessing the buffer with mmap.
196
197The character device is usually called /dev/usbmonN, where N is the USB bus
198number. Number zero (/dev/usbmon0) is special and means "all buses".
199However, this feature is not implemented yet. Note that specific naming
200policy is set by your Linux distribution.
201
202If you create /dev/usbmon0 by hand, make sure that it is owned by root
203and has mode 0600. Otherwise, unpriviledged users will be able to snoop
204keyboard traffic.
205
206The following ioctl calls are available, with MON_IOC_MAGIC 0x92:
207
208 MON_IOCQ_URB_LEN, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 1)
209
210This call returns the length of data in the next event. Note that majority of
211events contain no data, so if this call returns zero, it does not mean that
212no events are available.
213
214 MON_IOCG_STATS, defined as _IOR(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 3, struct mon_bin_stats)
215
216The argument is a pointer to the following structure:
217
218struct mon_bin_stats {
219 u32 queued;
220 u32 dropped;
221};
222
223The member "queued" refers to the number of events currently queued in the
224buffer (and not to the number of events processed since the last reset).
225
226The member "dropped" is the number of events lost since the last call
227to MON_IOCG_STATS.
228
229 MON_IOCT_RING_SIZE, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 4)
230
231This call sets the buffer size. The argument is the size in bytes.
232The size may be rounded down to the next chunk (or page). If the requested
233size is out of [unspecified] bounds for this kernel, the call fails with
234-EINVAL.
235
236 MON_IOCQ_RING_SIZE, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 5)
237
238This call returns the current size of the buffer in bytes.
239
240 MON_IOCX_GET, defined as _IOW(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 6, struct mon_get_arg)
241
242This call waits for events to arrive if none were in the kernel buffer,
243then returns the first event. Its argument is a pointer to the following
244structure:
245
246struct mon_get_arg {
247 struct usbmon_packet *hdr;
248 void *data;
249 size_t alloc; /* Length of data (can be zero) */
250};
251
252Before the call, hdr, data, and alloc should be filled. Upon return, the area
253pointed by hdr contains the next event structure, and the data buffer contains
254the data, if any. The event is removed from the kernel buffer.
255
256 MON_IOCX_MFETCH, defined as _IOWR(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 7, struct mon_mfetch_arg)
257
258This ioctl is primarily used when the application accesses the buffer
259with mmap(2). Its argument is a pointer to the following structure:
260
261struct mon_mfetch_arg {
262 uint32_t *offvec; /* Vector of events fetched */
263 uint32_t nfetch; /* Number of events to fetch (out: fetched) */
264 uint32_t nflush; /* Number of events to flush */
265};
266
267The ioctl operates in 3 stages.
268
269First, it removes and discards up to nflush events from the kernel buffer.
270The actual number of events discarded is returned in nflush.
271
272Second, it waits for an event to be present in the buffer, unless the pseudo-
273device is open with O_NONBLOCK.
274
275Third, it extracts up to nfetch offsets into the mmap buffer, and stores
276them into the offvec. The actual number of event offsets is stored into
277the nfetch.
278
279 MON_IOCH_MFLUSH, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 8)
280
281This call removes a number of events from the kernel buffer. Its argument
282is the number of events to remove. If the buffer contains fewer events
283than requested, all events present are removed, and no error is reported.
284This works when no events are available too.
285
286 FIONBIO
287
288The ioctl FIONBIO may be implemented in the future, if there's a need.
289
290In addition to ioctl(2) and read(2), the special file of binary API can
291be polled with select(2) and poll(2). But lseek(2) does not work.
292
293* Memory-mapped access of the kernel buffer for the binary API
294
295The basic idea is simple:
296
297To prepare, map the buffer by getting the current size, then using mmap(2).
298Then, execute a loop similar to the one written in pseudo-code below:
299
300 struct mon_mfetch_arg fetch;
301 struct usbmon_packet *hdr;
302 int nflush = 0;
303 for (;;) {
304 fetch.offvec = vec; // Has N 32-bit words
305 fetch.nfetch = N; // Or less than N
306 fetch.nflush = nflush;
307 ioctl(fd, MON_IOCX_MFETCH, &fetch); // Process errors, too
308 nflush = fetch.nfetch; // This many packets to flush when done
309 for (i = 0; i < nflush; i++) {
310 hdr = (struct ubsmon_packet *) &mmap_area[vec[i]];
311 if (hdr->type == '@') // Filler packet
312 continue;
313 caddr_t data = &mmap_area[vec[i]] + 64;
314 process_packet(hdr, data);
315 }
316 }
317
318Thus, the main idea is to execute only one ioctl per N events.
319
320Although the buffer is circular, the returned headers and data do not cross
321the end of the buffer, so the above pseudo-code does not need any gathering.