Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!

1 files changed, 1456 insertions, 0 deletions

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+Introduction
+------------
+
+This file is a collection of all the old Readme files distributed with
+OSS/Lite by Hannu Savolainen. Since the new Linux sound driver is founded
+on it I think these information may still be interesting for users that
+have to configure their sound system.
+
+Be warned: Alan Cox is the current maintainer of the Linux sound driver so if
+you have problems with it, please contact him or the current device-specific
+driver maintainer (e.g. for aedsp16 specific problems contact me). If you have
+patches, contributions or suggestions send them to Alan: I'm sure they are
+welcome.
+
+In this document you will find a lot of references about OSS/Lite or ossfree:
+they are gone forever. Keeping this in mind and with a grain of salt this
+document can be still interesting and very helpful.
+
+[ File edited 17.01.1999 - Riccardo Facchetti ]
+[ Edited miroSOUND section 19.04.2001 - Robert Siemer ]
+
+OSS/Free version 3.8 release notes
+----------------------------------
+
+Please read the SOUND-HOWTO (available from sunsite.unc.edu and other Linux FTP 
+sites). It gives instructions about using sound with Linux. It's bit out of
+date but still very useful. Information about bug fixes and such things
+is available from the web page (see above).
+
+Please check http://www.opensound.com/pguide for more info about programming
+with OSS API.
+
+   ====================================================
+-  THIS VERSION ____REQUIRES____ Linux 2.1.57 OR LATER.
+   ====================================================
+
+Packages "snd-util-3.8.tar.gz" and "snd-data-0.1.tar.Z"
+contain useful utilities to be used with this driver.
+See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/getting.html for
+download instructions.
+
+If you are looking for the installation instructions, please
+look forward into this document.
+
+Supported sound cards
+---------------------
+
+See below.
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+This driver contains code by several contributors. In addition several other
+persons have given useful suggestions. The following is a list of major
+contributors. (I could have forgotten some names.)
+
+        Craig Metz      1/2 of the PAS16 Mixer and PCM support
+        Rob Hooft       Volume computation algorithm for the FM synth.
+        Mika Liljeberg  uLaw encoding and decoding routines
+        Jeff Tranter    Linux SOUND HOWTO document
+        Greg Lee        Volume computation algorithm for the GUS and
+                        lots of valuable suggestions.
+        Andy Warner     ISC port
+        Jim Lowe,
+        Amancio Hasty Jr        FreeBSD/NetBSD port
+        Anders Baekgaard        Bug hunting and valuable suggestions.
+        Joerg Schubert  SB16 DSP support (initial version).
+        Andrew Robinson Improvements to the GUS driver
+        Megens SA       MIDI recording for SB and SB Pro (initial version).
+        Mikael Nordqvist  Linear volume support for GUS and
+                          nonblocking /dev/sequencer.
+        Ian Hartas              SVR4.2 port
+        Markus Aroharju and
+        Risto Kankkunen         Major contributions to the mixer support
+                                of GUS v3.7.
+        Hunyue Yau      Mixer support for SG NX Pro.
+        Marc Hoffman    PSS support (initial version).
+        Rainer Vranken  Initialization for Jazz16 (initial version).
+        Peter Trattler  Initial version of loadable module support for Linux.
+        JRA Gibson      16 bit mode for Jazz16 (initial version)
+        Davor Jadrijevic MAD16 support (initial version)
+        Gregor Hoffleit Mozart support (initial version)
+        Riccardo Facchetti Audio Excel DSP 16 (aedsp16) support
+        James Hightower Spotting a tiny but important bug in CS423x support.
+        Denis Sablic    OPTi 82C924 specific enhancements (non PnP mode)
+        Tim MacKenzie   Full duplex support for OPTi 82C930.
+        
+        Please look at lowlevel/README for more contributors.
+
+There are probably many other names missing. If you have sent me some
+patches and your name is not in the above list, please inform me.
+
+Sending your contributions or patches
+-------------------------------------
+
+First of all it's highly recommended to contact me before sending anything
+or before even starting to do any work. Tell me what you suggest to be
+changed or what you have planned to do. Also ensure you are using the
+very latest (development) version of OSS/Free since the change may already be
+implemented there. In general it's a major waste of time to try to improve a
+several months old version. Information about the latest version can be found
+from http://www.opensound.com/ossfree. In general there is no point in
+sending me patches relative to production kernels.
+
+Sponsors etc.
+-------------
+
+The following companies have greatly helped development of this driver 
+in form of a free copy of their product:
+
+Novell, Inc.            UnixWare personal edition + SDK
+The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.  A SCO OpenServer + SDK
+Ensoniq Corp,           a SoundScape card and extensive amount of assistance
+MediaTrix Peripherals Inc, a AudioTrix Pro card + SDK
+Acer, Inc.              a pair of AcerMagic S23 cards.
+
+In addition the following companies have provided me sufficient amount
+of technical information at least some of their products (free or $$$):
+
+Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd.
+Media Vision Inc.
+Analog Devices Inc.
+Logitech Inc.
+Aztech Labs Inc.
+Crystal Semiconductor Corporation,
+Integrated Circuit Systems Inc.
+OAK Technology
+OPTi
+Turtle Beach
+miro
+Ad Lib Inc. ($$)
+Music Quest Inc. ($$)
+Creative Labs ($$$)
+
+If you have some problems
+=========================
+
+Read the sound HOWTO (sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/...?).
+Also look at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). It may
+contain info about some recent bug fixes.
+
+It's likely that you have some problems when trying to use the sound driver
+first time. Sound cards don't have standard configuration so there are no
+good default configuration to use. Please try to use same I/O, DMA and IRQ
+values for the sound card than with DOS.
+
+If you get an error message when trying to use the driver, please look
+at /var/adm/messages for more verbose error message.
+
+
+The following errors are likely with /dev/dsp and /dev/audio.
+
+        - "No such device or address".
+        This error indicates that there are no suitable hardware for the
+        device file or the sound driver has been compiled without support for
+        this particular device. For example /dev/audio and /dev/dsp will not
+        work if "digitized voice support" was not enabled during "make config".
+        
+        - "Device or resource busy". Probably the IRQ (or DMA) channel 
+        required by the sound card is in use by some other device/driver.
+
+        - "I/O error". Almost certainly (99%) it's an IRQ or DMA conflict.
+        Look at the kernel messages in /var/adm/notice for more info.
+
+        - "Invalid argument". The application is calling ioctl()
+        with impossible parameters. Check that the application is
+        for sound driver version 2.X or later.
+
+Linux installation
+==================
+
+IMPORTANT!      Read this if you are installing a separately
+                distributed version of this driver.
+
+                Check that your kernel version works with this
+                release of the driver (see Readme). Also verify
+                that your current kernel version doesn't have more
+                recent sound driver version than this one. IT'S HIGHLY
+                RECOMMENDED THAT YOU USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION THAT
+                IS DISTRIBUTED WITH KERNEL SOURCES.
+
+- When installing separately distributed sound driver you should first
+  read the above notice. Then try to find proper directory where and how
+  to install the driver sources. You should not try to install a separately
+  distributed driver version if you are not able to find the proper way
+  yourself (in this case use the version that is distributed with kernel
+  sources). Remove old version of linux/drivers/sound directory before
+  installing new files.
+
+- To build the device files you need to run the enclosed shell script 
+  (see below). You need to do this only when installing sound driver
+  first time or when upgrading to much recent version than the earlier
+  one.
+
+- Configure and compile Linux as normally (remember to include the
+  sound support during "make config"). Please refer to kernel documentation
+  for instructions about configuring and compiling kernel. File Readme.cards
+  contains card specific instructions for configuring this driver for
+  use with various sound cards.
+
+Boot time configuration (using lilo and insmod) 
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+This information has been removed. Too many users didn't believe
+that it's really not necessary to use this method. Please look at
+Readme of sound driver version 3.0.1 if you still want to use this method.
+
+Problems
+--------
+
+Common error messages:
+
+- /dev/???????: No such file or directory.
+Run the script at the end of this file.
+
+- /dev/???????: No such device.
+You are not running kernel which contains the sound driver. When using
+modularized sound driver this error means that the sound driver is not
+loaded.
+
+- /dev/????: No such device or address.
+Sound driver didn't detect suitable card when initializing. Please look at
+Readme.cards for info about configuring the driver with your card. Also
+check for possible boot (insmod) time error messages in /var/adm/messages.
+
+- Other messages or problems
+Please check http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for more info.
+
+Configuring version 3.8 (for Linux) with some common sound cards
+================================================================
+
+This document describes configuring sound cards with the freeware version of
+Open Sound Systems (OSS/Free). Information about the commercial version
+(OSS/Linux) and its configuration is available from 
+http://www.opensound.com/linux.html. Information presented here is
+not valid for OSS/Linux. 
+
+If you are unsure about how to configure OSS/Free
+you can download the free evaluation version of OSS/Linux from the above
+address. There is a chance that it can autodetect your sound card. In this case
+you can use the information included in soundon.log when configuring OSS/Free.
+
+
+IMPORTANT!      This document covers only cards that were "known" when
+                this driver version was released. Please look at
+                http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for info about
+                cards introduced recently.
+
+                When configuring the sound driver, you should carefully
+                check each sound configuration option (particularly
+                "Support for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio"). The default values
+                offered by these programs are not necessarily valid.
+
+
+THE BIGGEST MISTAKES YOU CAN MAKE
+=================================
+
+1. Assuming that the card is Sound Blaster compatible when it's not.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The number one mistake is to assume that your card is compatible with
+Sound Blaster. Only the cards made by Creative Technology or which have
+one or more chips labeled by Creative are SB compatible. In addition there
+are few sound chipsets which are SB compatible in Linux such as ESS1688 or
+Jazz16. Note that SB compatibility in DOS/Windows does _NOT_ mean anything
+in Linux. 
+
+IF YOU REALLY ARE 150% SURE YOU HAVE A SOUND BLASTER YOU CAN SKIP THE REST OF
+THIS CHAPTER.
+
+For most other "supposed to be SB compatible" cards you have to use other
+than SB drivers (see below).  It is possible to get most sound cards to work
+in SB mode but in general it's a complete waste of time. There are several
+problems which you will encounter by using SB mode with cards that are not
+truly SB compatible:
+
+- The SB emulation is at most SB Pro (DSP version 3.x) which means that 
+you get only 8 bit audio (there is always an another ("native") mode which
+gives the 16 bit capability). The 8 bit only operation is the reason why
+many users claim that sound quality in Linux is much worse than in DOS.
+In addition some applications require 16 bit mode and they produce just
+noise with a 8 bit only device.
+- The card may work only in some cases but refuse to work most of the
+time. The SB compatible mode always requires special initialization which is 
+done by the DOS/Windows drivers. This kind of cards work in Linux after
+you have warm booted it after DOS but they don't work after cold boot
+(power on or reset).
+- You get the famous "DMA timed out" messages. Usually all SB clones have
+software selectable IRQ and DMA settings. If the (power on default) values
+currently used by the card don't match configuration of the driver you will
+get the above error message whenever you try to record or play. There are
+few other reasons to the DMA timeout message but using the SB mode seems
+to be the most common cause.
+
+2. Trying to use a PnP (Plug & Play) card just like an ordinary sound card
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Plug & Play is a protocol defined by Intel and Microsoft. It lets operating
+systems to easily identify and reconfigure I/O ports, IRQs and DMAs of ISA
+cards. The problem with PnP cards is that the standard Linux doesn't currently
+(versions 2.1.x and earlier) don't support PnP. This means that you will have
+to use some special tricks (see later) to get a PnP card alive. Many PnP cards
+work after they have been initialized but this is not always the case.
+
+There are sometimes both PnP and non-PnP versions of the same sound card.
+The non-PnP version is the original model which usually has been discontinued
+more than an year ago. The PnP version has the same name but with "PnP"
+appended to it (sometimes not). This causes major confusion since the non-PnP
+model works with Linux but the PnP one doesn't.
+
+You should carefully check if "Plug & Play" or "PnP" is mentioned in the name
+of the card or in the documentation or package that came with the card. 
+Everything described in the rest of this document is not necessarily valid for
+PnP models of sound cards even you have managed to wake up the card properly.
+Many PnP cards are simply too different from their non-PnP ancestors which are
+covered by this document.
+
+
+Cards that are not (fully) supported by this driver
+===================================================
+
+See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for information about sound cards 
+to be supported in future. 
+
+
+How to use sound without recompiling kernel and/or sound driver
+===============================================================
+
+There is a commercial sound driver which comes in precompiled form and doesn't
+require recompiling of the kernel. See http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for
+more info.
+
+
+Configuring PnP cards
+=====================
+
+New versions of most sound cards use the so-called ISA PnP protocol for
+soft configuring their I/O, IRQ, DMA and shared memory resources.
+Currently at least cards made by Creative Technology (SB32 and SB32AWE
+PnP), Gravis (GUS PnP and GUS PnP Pro), Ensoniq (Soundscape PnP) and
+Aztech (some Sound Galaxy models) use PnP technology. The CS4232/4236 audio
+chip by Crystal Semiconductor (Intel Atlantis, HP Pavilion and many other
+motherboards) is also based on PnP technology but there is a "native" driver
+available for it (see information about CS4232 later in this document).
+
+PnP sound cards (as well as most other PnP ISA cards) are not supported
+by this version of the driver . Proper
+support for them should be released during 97 once the kernel level
+PnP support is available.
+
+There is a method to get most of the PnP cards to work. The basic method
+is the following:
+
+1) Boot DOS so the card's DOS drivers have a chance to initialize it.
+2) _Cold_ boot to Linux by using "loadlin.exe".  Hitting ctrl-alt-del
+works with older machines but causes a hard reset of all cards on recent
+(Pentium) machines.
+3) If you have the sound driver in Linux configured properly, the card should
+work now. "Proper" means that I/O, IRQ and DMA settings are the same as in
+DOS. The hard part is to find which settings were used. See the documentation of
+your card for more info.
+
+Windows 95 could work as well as DOS but running loadlin may be difficult.
+Probably you should "shut down" your machine to MS-DOS mode before running it.
+
+Some machines have a BIOS utility for setting PnP resources. This is a good
+way to configure some cards. In this case you don't need to boot DOS/Win95
+before starting Linux.
+
+Another way to initialize PnP cards without DOS/Win95 is a Linux based
+PnP isolation tool. When writing this there is a pre alpha test version
+of such a tool available from ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils. The
+file is called isapnptools-*. Please note that this tool is just a temporary
+solution which may be incompatible with future kernel versions having proper
+support for PnP cards. There are bugs in setting DMA channels in earlier
+versions of isapnptools so at least version 1.6 is required with sound cards.
+
+Yet another way to use PnP cards is to use (commercial) OSS/Linux drivers.  See
+http://www.opensound.com/linux.html for more info. This is probably the way you
+should do it if you don't want to spend time recompiling the kernel and 
+required tools.
+
+
+Read this before trying to configure the driver
+===============================================
+
+There are currently many cards that work with this driver. Some of the cards
+have native support while others work since they emulate some other
+card (usually SB, MSS/WSS and/or MPU401). The following cards have native
+support in the driver. Detailed instructions for configuring these cards
+will be given later in this document.
+
+Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles:
+        Pro Audio Spectrum 16
+        Pro Audio Studio 16
+        Logitech Sound Man 16
+        NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not
+              and will not be supported by the driver.
+
+Media Vision Jazz16 based cards
+        Pro Sonic 16
+        Logitech SoundMan Wave
+        (Other Jazz based cards should work but I don't have any reports
+        about them).
+
+Sound Blasters
+        SB 1.0 to 2.0
+        SB Pro
+        SB 16
+        SB32/64/AWE
+                Configure SB32/64/AWE just like SB16. See lowlevel/README.awe
+                for information about using the wave table synth.
+                NOTE! AWE63/Gold and 16/32/AWE "PnP" cards need to be activated
+                      using isapnptools before they work with OSS/Free.
+        SB16 compatible cards by other manufacturers than Creative.
+                You have been fooled since there are _no_ SB16 compatible
+                cards on the market (as of May 1997). It's likely that your card
+                is compatible just with SB Pro but there is also a non-SB-
+                compatible 16 bit mode. Usually it's MSS/WSS but it could also
+                be a proprietary one like MV Jazz16 or ESS ES688. OPTi
+                MAD16 chips are very common in so called "SB 16 bit cards"
+                (try with the MAD16 driver).
+
+        ======================================================================
+        "Supposed to be SB compatible" cards.
+                Forget the SB compatibility and check for other alternatives
+                first. The only cards that work with the SB driver in
+                Linux have been made by Creative Technology (there is at least
+                one chip on the card with "CREATIVE" printed on it). The
+                only other SB compatible chips are ESS and Jazz16 chips
+                (maybe ALSxxx chips too but they probably don't work).
+                Most other "16 bit SB compatible" cards such as "OPTi/MAD16" or
+                "Crystal" are _NOT_ SB compatible in Linux.
+
+                Practically all sound cards have some kind of SB emulation mode
+                in addition to their native (16 bit) mode. In most cases this
+                (8 bit only) SB compatible mode doesn't work with Linux. If
+                you get it working it may cause problems with games and
+                applications which require 16 bit audio. Some 16 bit only
+                applications don't check if the card actually supports 16 bits.
+                They just dump 16 bit data to a 8 bit card which produces just
+                noise.
+
+                In most cases the 16 bit native mode is supported by Linux.
+                Use the SB mode with "clones" only if you don't find anything
+                better from the rest of this doc.
+        ======================================================================
+
+Gravis Ultrasound (GUS)
+        GUS
+        GUS + the 16 bit option
+        GUS MAX
+        GUS ACE (No MIDI port and audio recording)
+        GUS PnP (with RAM)
+
+MPU-401 and compatibles
+        The driver works both with the full (intelligent mode) MPU-401
+        cards (such as MPU IPC-T and MQX-32M) and with the UART only
+        dumb MIDI ports. MPU-401 is currently the most common MIDI
+        interface. Most sound cards are compatible with it. However,
+        don't enable MPU401 mode blindly. Many cards with native support
+        in the driver have their own MPU401 driver. Enabling the standard one
+        will cause a conflict with these cards. So check if your card is
+        in the list of supported cards before enabling MPU401.
+
+Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)
+        Even when Microsoft has discontinued their own Sound System card 
+        they managed to make it a standard. MSS compatible cards are based on 
+        a codec chip which is easily available from at least two manufacturers
+        (AD1848 by Analog Devices and CS4231/CS4248 by Crystal Semiconductor).
+        Currently most sound cards are based on one of the MSS compatible codec
+        chips. The CS4231 is used in the high quality cards such as GUS MAX,
+        MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro and TB Tropez (GUS MAX is not MSS compatible). 
+
+        Having a AD1848, CS4248 or CS4231 codec chip on the card is a good
+        sign. Even if the card is not MSS compatible, it could be easy to write
+        support for it. Note also that most MSS compatible cards
+        require special boot time initialization which may not be present
+        in the driver. Also, some MSS compatible cards have native support.
+        Enabling the MSS support with these cards is likely to
+        cause a conflict. So check if your card is listed in this file before
+        enabling the MSS support.
+
+Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 (not OPL3-SA) and OPL4)
+        Most sound cards have a FM synthesizer chip. The OPL2 is a 2
+        operator chip used in the original AdLib card. Currently it's used
+        only in the cheapest (8 bit mono) cards. The OPL3 is a 4 operator 
+        FM chip which provides better sound quality and/or more available 
+        voices than the OPL2. The OPL4 is a new chip that has an OPL3 and
+        a wave table synthesizer packed onto the same chip. The driver supports
+        just the OPL3 mode directly. Most cards with an OPL4 (like
+        SM Wave and AudioTrix Pro) support the OPL4 mode using MPU401
+        emulation. Writing a native OPL4 support is difficult
+        since Yamaha doesn't give information about their sample ROM chip.
+
+        Enable the generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support if your
+        card has a FM chip made by Yamaha. Don't enable it if your card
+        has a software (TRS) based FM emulator.
+
+        ----------------------------------------------------------------
+        NOTE! OPL3-SA is different chip than the ordinary OPL3. In addition
+        to the FM synth this chip has also digital audio (WSS) and
+        MIDI (MPU401) capabilities. Support for OPL3-SA is described below.
+        ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Yamaha OPL3-SA1
+
+        Yamaha OPL3-SA1 (YMF701) is an audio controller chip used on some
+        (Intel) motherboards and on cheap sound cards. It should not be
+        confused with the original OPL3 chip (YMF278) which is entirely
+        different chip. OPL3-SA1 has support for MSS, MPU401 and SB Pro
+        (not used in OSS/Free) in addition to the OPL3 FM synth.
+
+        There are also chips called OPL3-SA2, OPL3-SA3, ..., OPL3SA-N. They
+        are PnP chips and will not work with the OPL3-SA1 driver. You should 
+        use the standard MSS, MPU401 and OPL3 options with these chips and to
+        activate the card using isapnptools.
+
+4Front Technologies SoftOSS
+
+        SoftOSS is a software based wave table emulation which works with
+        any 16 bit stereo sound card. Due to its nature a fast CPU is
+        required (P133 is minimum). Although SoftOSS does _not_ use MMX
+        instructions it has proven out that recent processors (which appear
+        to have MMX) perform significantly better with SoftOSS than earlier
+        ones. For example a P166MMX beats a PPro200. SoftOSS should not be used
+        on 486 or 386 machines.
+
+        The amount of CPU load caused by SoftOSS can be controlled by
+        selecting the CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE and CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES
+        parameters properly (they will be prompted by make config). It's
+        recommended to set CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES to 32. If you have a
+        P166MMX or faster (PPro200 is not faster) you can set
+        CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE to 44100 (kHz). However with slower systems it
+        recommended to use sampling rates around 22050 or even 16000 kHz.
+        Selecting too high values for these parameters may hang your
+        system when playing MIDI files with hight degree of polyphony
+        (number of concurrently playing notes). It's also possible to
+        decrease CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES. This makes it possible to use
+        higher sampling rates. However using fewer voices decreases
+        playback quality more than decreasing the sampling rate.
+
+        SoftOSS keeps the samples loaded on the system's RAM so much RAM is
+        required. SoftOSS should never be used on machines with less than 16 MB
+        of RAM since this is potentially dangerous (you may accidentally run out
+        of memory which probably crashes the machine). 
+
+        SoftOSS implements the wave table API originally designed for GUS. For
+        this reason all applications designed for GUS should work (at least
+        after minor modifications). For example gmod/xgmod and playmidi -g are
+        known to work.
+
+        To work SoftOSS will require GUS compatible
+        patch files to be installed on the system (in /dos/ultrasnd/midi). You
+        can use the public domain MIDIA patchset available from several ftp
+        sites.
+
+        *********************************************************************
+        IMPORTANT NOTICE! The original patch set distributed with the Gravis 
+        Ultrasound card is not in public domain (even though it's available from
+        some FTP sites). You should contact Voice Crystal (www.voicecrystal.com)
+        if you like to use these patches with SoftOSS included in OSS/Free.
+        *********************************************************************
+
+PSS based cards (AD1848 + ADSP-2115 + Echo ESC614 ASIC)
+        Analog Devices and Echo Speech have together defined a sound card
+        architecture based on the above chips. The DSP chip is used
+        for emulation of SB Pro, FM and General MIDI/MT32.
+
+        There are several cards based on this architecture. The most known
+        ones are Orchid SW32 and Cardinal DSP16. 
+
+        The driver supports downloading DSP algorithms to these cards.
+
+        NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring
+        PSS cards.
+
+MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
+        The ATP card is built around a CS4231 codec and an OPL4 synthesizer
+        chips. The OPL4 mode is supported by a microcontroller running a
+        General MIDI emulator. There is also a SB 1.5 compatible playback mode.
+
+Ensoniq SoundScape and compatibles
+        Ensoniq has designed a sound card architecture based on the
+        OTTO synthesizer chip used in their professional MIDI synthesizers.
+        Several companies (including Ensoniq, Reveal and Spea) are selling
+        cards based on this architecture.
+
+        NOTE! The SoundScape PnP is not supported by OSS/Free. Ensoniq VIVO and
+        VIVO90 cards are not compatible with Soundscapes so the Soundscape
+        driver will not work with them. You may want to use OSS/Linux with these
+        cards.
+
+OPTi MAD16 and Mozart based cards
+        The Mozart (OAK OTI-601), MAD16 (OPTi 82C928), MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929),
+        OPTi 82C924/82C925 (in _non_ PnP mode) and OPTi 82C930 interface
+        chips are used in many different sound cards, including some
+        cards by Reveal miro and Turtle Beach (Tropez). The purpose of these
+        chips is to connect other audio components to the PC bus. The
+        interface chip performs address decoding for the other chips.
+        NOTE! Tropez Plus is not MAD16 but CS4232 based.
+        NOTE! MAD16 PnP cards (82C924, 82C925, 82C931) are not MAD16 compatible
+        in the PnP mode. You will have to use them in MSS mode after having
+        initialized them using isapnptools or DOS. 82C931 probably requires
+        initialization using DOS/Windows (running isapnptools is not enough).
+        It's possible to use 82C931 with OSS/Free by jumpering it to non-PnP
+        mode (provided that the card has a jumper for this). In non-PnP mode
+        82C931 is compatible with 82C930 and should work with the MAD16 driver
+        (without need to use isapnptools or DOS to initialize it). All OPTi
+        chips are supported by OSS/Linux (both in PnP and non-PnP modes).
+
+Audio Excel DSP16 
+        Support for this card was written by Riccardo Faccetti
+        (riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it). The AEDSP16 driver included in
+        the lowlevel/ directory. To use it you should enable the
+        "Additional low level drivers" option.
+
+Crystal CS4232 and CS4236 based cards such as AcerMagic S23, TB Tropez _Plus_ and 
+        many PC motherboards (Compaq, HP, Intel, ...)
+        CS4232 is a PnP multimedia chip which contains a CS3231A codec,
+        SB and MPU401 emulations. There is support for OPL3 too.
+        Unfortunately the MPU401 mode doesn't work (I don't know how to
+        initialize it). CS4236 is an enhanced (compatible) version of CS4232.
+        NOTE! Don't ever try to use isapnptools with CS4232 since this will just
+        freeze your machine (due to chip bugs). If you have problems in getting
+        CS4232 working you could try initializing it with DOS (CS4232C.EXE) and
+        then booting Linux using loadlin. CS4232C.EXE loads a secret firmware
+        patch which is not documented by Crystal.
+
+Turtle Beach Maui and Tropez "classic"
+        This driver version supports sample, patch and program loading commands
+        described in the Maui/Tropez User's manual. 
+        There is now full initialization support too. The audio side of
+        the Tropez is based on the MAD16 chip (see above).
+        NOTE! Tropez Plus is different card than Tropez "classic" and will not
+        work fully in Linux. You can get audio features working by configuring
+        the card as a CS4232 based card (above).
+
+
+Jumpers and software configuration
+==================================
+
+Some of the earliest sound cards were jumper configurable. You have to
+configure the driver use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings
+that match the jumpers. Just few 8 bit cards are fully jumper 
+configurable (SB 1.x/2.x, SB Pro and clones).
+Some cards made by Aztech have an EEPROM which contains the 
+config info. These cards behave much like hardware jumpered cards.
+
+Most cards have jumper for the base I/O address but other parameters
+are software configurable. Sometimes there are few other jumpers too.
+
+Latest cards are fully software configurable or they are PnP ISA
+compatible. There are no jumpers on the board.
+
+The driver handles software configurable cards automatically. Just configure
+the driver to use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings which are known to work.
+You could usually use the same values than with DOS and/or Windows.
+Using different settings is possible but not recommended since it may cause
+some trouble (for example when warm booting from an OS to another or
+when installing new hardware to the machine).
+
+Sound driver sets the soft configurable parameters of the card automatically
+during boot. Usually you don't need to run any extra initialization
+programs when booting Linux but there are some exceptions. See the
+card-specific instructions below for more info.
+
+The drawback of software configuration is that the driver needs to know
+how the card must be initialized. It cannot initialize unknown cards
+even if they are otherwise compatible with some other cards (like SB,
+MPU401 or Windows Sound System).
+
+
+What if your card was not listed above?
+=======================================
+
+The first thing to do is to look at the major IC chips on the card.
+Many of the latest sound cards are based on some standard chips. If you
+are lucky, all of them could be supported by the driver. The most common ones
+are the OPTi MAD16, Mozart, SoundScape (Ensoniq) and the PSS architectures
+listed above. Also look at the end of this file for list of unsupported
+cards and the ones which could be supported later.
+
+The last resort is to send _exact_ name and model information of the card
+to me together with a list of the major IC chips (manufactured, model) to 
+me. I could then try to check if your card looks like something familiar.
+
+There are many more cards in the world than listed above. The first thing to
+do with these cards is to check if they emulate some other card or interface
+such as SB, MSS and/or MPU401. In this case there is a chance to get the
+card to work by booting DOS before starting Linux (boot DOS, hit ctrl-alt-del
+and boot Linux without hard resetting the machine). In this method the
+DOS based driver initializes the hardware to use known I/O, IRQ and DMA
+settings. If sound driver is configured to use the same settings, everything
+should work OK.
+
+
+Configuring sound driver (with Linux)
+=====================================
+
+The sound driver is currently distributed as part of the Linux kernel. The 
+files are in /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/. 
+
+****************************************************************************
+*       ALWAYS USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED WITH      *
+*       THE KERNEL SOURCE PACKAGE YOU ARE USING. SOME ALPHA AND BETA TEST  *
+*       VERSIONS CAN BE INSTALLED FROM A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED PACKAGE    *
+*       BUT CHECK THAT THE PACKAGE IS NOT MUCH OLDER (OR NEWER) THAN THE   *
+*       KERNEL YOU ARE USING. IT'S POSSIBLE THAT THE KERNEL/DRIVER         *
+*       INTERFACE CHANGES BETWEEN KERNEL RELEASES WHICH MAY CAUSE SOME     *
+*       INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS.                                          *
+*                                                                          *
+*       IN CASE YOU INSTALL A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED SOUND DRIVER VERSION, *
+*       BE SURE TO REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD SOUND DRIVER DIRECTORY BEFORE  *
+*       INSTALLING THE NEW ONE. LEAVING OLD FILES TO THE SOUND DRIVER      *
+*       DIRECTORY _WILL_ CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN THE DRIVER IS USED OR         *
+*       COMPILED.                                                          *
+****************************************************************************
+
+To configure the driver, run "make config" in the kernel source directory
+(/usr/src/linux). Answer "y" or "m" to the question about Sound card support
+(after the questions about mouse, CD-ROM, ftape, etc. support).  Questions
+about options for sound will then be asked.
+
+After configuring the kernel and sound driver and compile the kernel 
+following instructions in the kernel README.
+
+The sound driver configuration dialog
+-------------------------------------
+
+Sound configuration starts by making some yes/no questions. Be careful
+when answering to these questions since answering y to a question may
+prevent some later ones from being asked. For example don't answer y to
+the first question (PAS16) if you don't really have a PAS16. Don't enable
+more cards than you really need since they just consume memory. Also
+some drivers (like MPU401) may conflict with your SCSI controller and
+prevent kernel from booting. If you card was in the list of supported
+cards (above), please look at the card specific config instructions
+(later in this file) before starting to configure. Some cards must be
+configured in way which is not obvious.
+
+So here is the beginning of the config dialog. Answer 'y' or 'n' to these
+questions. The default answer is shown so that (y/n) means 'y' by default and
+(n/y) means 'n'. To use the default value, just hit ENTER. But be careful
+since using the default _doesn't_ guarantee anything.
+
+Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program
+may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also
+select some options automatically as well.
+
+  "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support",
+        - Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_,
+          Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that
+          you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you
+          have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they
+          are not PAS16 compatible.
+          NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question)
+          if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to
+          the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16
+          (there is another question about this that is asked later).
+  "Sound Blaster support",
+        - Answer 'y' if you have an original SB card made by Creative Labs
+          or a full 100% hardware compatible clone (like Thunderboard or
+          SM Games). If your card was in the list of supported cards (above),
+          please look at the card specific instructions later in this file
+          before answering this question. For an unknown card you may answer 
+          'y' if the card claims to be SB compatible.
+         Enable this option also with PAS16 (changed since v3.5-beta9).
+
+         Don't enable SB if you have a MAD16 or Mozart compatible card.
+
+  "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support",
+        - Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4).
+          Answering 'y' is usually a safe and recommended choice. However some
+          cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support
+          with these cards may cause trouble. However I don't currently know
+          such cards.
+  "Gravis Ultrasound support",
+        - Answer 'y' if you have GUS or GUS MAX. Answer 'n' if you don't
+          have GUS since the GUS driver consumes much memory.
+          Currently I don't have experiences with the GUS ACE so I don't
+          know what to answer with it.
+  "MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)",
+        - Be careful with this question. The MPU401 interface is supported
+          by almost any sound card today. However some natively supported cards
+          have their own driver for MPU401. Enabling the MPU401 option with
+          these cards will cause a conflict. Also enabling MPU401 on a system
+          that doesn't really have a MPU401 could cause some trouble. If your
+          card was in the list of supported cards (above), please look at
+          the card specific instructions later in this file.
+
+          In MOST cases this MPU401 driver should only be used with "true"
+          MIDI-only MPU401 professional cards. In most other cases there
+          is another way to get the MPU401 compatible interface of a
+          sound card to work.
+          Support for the MPU401 compatible MIDI port of SB16, ESS1688
+          and MV Jazz16 cards is included in the SB driver. Use it instead
+          of this separate MPU401 driver with these cards. As well 
+          Soundscape, PSS and Maui drivers include their own MPU401
+          options.
+
+          It's safe to answer 'y' if you have a true MPU401 MIDI interface
+          card. 
+  "6850 UART Midi support",
+        - It's safe to answer 'n' to this question in all cases. The 6850
+          UART interface is so rarely used.
+  "PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support",
+        - Answer 'y' only if you have Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 or some
+          other card based on the PSS chipset (AD1848 codec + ADSP-2115
+          DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP).
+  "16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)",
+        - Answer 'y' if you have installed the 16 bit sampling daughtercard
+          to your GUS. Answer 'n' if you have GUS MAX. Enabling this option
+          disables GUS MAX support.
+  "GUS MAX support",
+        - Answer 'y' only if you have a GUS MAX.
+  "Microsoft Sound System support",
+        - Again think carefully before answering 'y' to this question. It's
+          safe to answer 'y' in case you have the original Windows Sound 
+          System card made by Microsoft or Aztech SG 16 Pro (or NX16 Pro).
+          Also you may answer 'y' in case your card was not listed earlier
+          in this file. For cards having native support in the driver, consult
+          the card specific instructions later in this file. Some drivers
+          have their own MSS support and enabling this option will cause a
+          conflict. 
+          Note! The MSS driver permits configuring two DMA channels. This is a
+          "nonstandard" feature and works only with very few cards (if any).
+          In most cases the second DMA channel should be disabled or set to
+          the same channel than the first one. Trying to configure two separate
+          channels with cards that don't support this feature will prevent
+          audio (at least recording) from working.
+  "Ensoniq Soundscape support",
+        - Answer 'y' if you have a sound card based on the Ensoniq SoundScape
+          chipset. Such cards are being manufactured at least by Ensoniq,
+          Spea and Reveal (note that Reveal makes other cards also).  The oldest
+          cards made by Spea don't work properly with Linux. 
+          Soundscape PnP as well as Ensoniq VIVO work only with the commercial
+          OSS/Linux version.
+  "MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support",
+        - Answer 'y' if you have the AudioTrix Pro.
+  "Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards",
+        - Answer y if your card has a Mozart (OAK OTI-601) or MAD16
+          (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C924/82C925 or 82C930) audio interface chip. 
+          These chips are
+          currently quite common so it's possible that many no-name cards
+          have one of them. In addition the MAD16 chip is used in some
+          cards made by known manufacturers such as Turtle Beach (Tropez),
+          Reveal (some models) and Diamond (some recent models).
+          Note OPTi 82C924 and 82C925 are MAD16 compatible only in non PnP
+          mode (jumper selectable on many cards).
+  "Support for TB Maui"
+        - This enables TB Maui specific initialization. Works with TB Maui
+        and TB Tropez (may not work with Tropez Plus).
+
+
+Then the configuration program asks some y/n questions about the higher
+level services. It's recommended to answer 'y' to each of these questions.
+Answer 'n' only if you know you will not need the option.
+
+  "MIDI interface support",
+        - Answering 'n' disables /dev/midi## devices and access to any
+          MIDI ports using /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. This option
+          also affects any MPU401 and/or General MIDI compatible devices.
+  "FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support",
+        - Answer 'y' here.
+  "/dev/sequencer support",
+        - Answering 'n' disables /dev/sequencer and /dev/music.
+
+Entering the I/O, IRQ and DMA config parameters
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+After the above questions the configuration program prompts for the
+card specific configuration information. Usually just a set of
+I/O address, IRQ and DMA numbers are asked. With some cards the program
+asks for some files to be used during initialization of the card. For example
+many cards have a DSP chip or microprocessor which must be initialized by
+downloading a program (microcode) file to the card.
+
+Instructions for answering these questions are given in the next section.
+
+
+Card specific information
+=========================
+
+This section gives additional instructions about configuring some cards.
+Please refer manual of your card for valid I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers. Using
+the same settings with DOS/Windows and Linux is recommended. Using
+different values could cause some problems when switching between
+different operating systems.
+
+Sound Blasters (the original ones by Creative)
+---------------------------------------------
+
+NOTE! Check if you have a PnP Sound Blaster (cards sold after summer 1995
+      are almost certainly PnP ones). With PnP cards you should use isapnptools
+      to activate them (see above).
+
+It's possible to configure these cards to use different I/O, IRQ and
+DMA settings. Since the possible/default settings have changed between various
+models, you have to consult manual of your card for the proper ones. It's
+a good idea to use the same values than with DOS/Windows. With SB and SB Pro
+it's the only choice. SB16 has software selectable IRQ and DMA channels but
+using different values with DOS and Linux is likely to cause troubles. The
+DOS driver is not able to reset the card properly after warm boot from Linux
+if Linux has used different IRQ or DMA values.
+
+The original (steam) Sound Blaster (versions 1.x and 2.x) use always
+DMA1. There is no way to change it.
+
+The SB16 needs two DMA channels. A 8 bit one (1 or 3) is required for
+8 bit operation and a 16 bit one (5, 6 or 7) for the 16 bit mode. In theory
+it's possible to use just one (8 bit) DMA channel by answering the 8 bit
+one when the configuration program asks for the 16 bit one. This may work
+in some systems but is likely to cause terrible noise on some other systems.
+
+It's possible to use two SB16/32/64 at the same time. To do this you should
+first configure OSS/Free for one card. Then edit local.h manually and define
+SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA and SB2_DMA2 for the second one. You can't get
+the OPL3, MIDI and EMU8000 devices of the second card to work. If you are
+going to use two PnP Sound Blasters, ensure that they are of different model
+and have different PnP IDs. There is no way to get two cards with the same
+card ID and serial number to work. The easiest way to check this is trying 
+if isapnptools can see both cards or just one.
+
+NOTE!   Don't enable the SM Games option (asked by the configuration program)
+        if you are not 101% sure that your card is a Logitech Soundman Games
+        (not a SM Wave or SM16).
+
+SB Clones
+---------
+
+First of all: There are no SB16 clones. There are SB Pro clones with a
+16 bit mode which is not SB16 compatible. The most likely alternative is that
+the 16 bit mode means MSS/WSS.
+
+There are just a few fully 100% hardware SB or SB Pro compatible cards.
+I know just Thunderboard and SM Games. Other cards require some kind of
+hardware initialization before they become SB compatible. Check if your card
+was listed in the beginning of this file. In this case you should follow
+instructions for your card later in this file.
+
+For other not fully SB clones you may try initialization using DOS in
+the following way:
+
+        - Boot DOS so that the card specific driver gets run.
+        - Hit ctrl-alt-del (or use loadlin) to boot Linux. Don't
+          switch off power or press the reset button.
+        - If you use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA settings in Linux, the
+          card should work.
+
+If your card is both SB and MSS compatible, I recommend using the MSS mode.
+Most cards of this kind are not able to work in the SB and the MSS mode 
+simultaneously. Using the MSS mode provides 16 bit recording and playback.
+
+ProAudioSpectrum 16 and compatibles
+-----------------------------------
+
+PAS16 has a SB emulation chip which can be used together with the native
+(16 bit) mode of the card. To enable this emulation you should configure 
+the driver to have SB support too (this has been changed since version
+3.5-beta9 of this driver).
+
+With current driver versions it's also possible to use PAS16 together with 
+another SB compatible card. In this case you should configure SB support
+for the other card and to disable the SB emulation of PAS16 (there is a
+separate questions about this).
+
+With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and
+/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and
+/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only).
+
+Gravis Ultrasound
+-----------------
+
+There are many different revisions of the Ultrasound card (GUS). The
+earliest ones (pre 3.7) don't have a hardware mixer. With these cards
+the driver uses a software emulation for synth and pcm playbacks. It's
+also possible to switch some of the inputs (line in, mic) off by setting
+mixer volume of the channel level below 10%. For recording you have
+to select the channel as a recording source and to use volume above 10%.
+
+GUS 3.7 has a hardware mixer.
+
+GUS MAX and the 16 bit sampling daughtercard have a CS4231 codec chip which 
+also contains a mixer.
+
+Configuring GUS is simple. Just enable the GUS support and GUS MAX or
+the 16 bit daughtercard if you have them. Note that enabling the daughter
+card disables GUS MAX driver.
+
+NOTE for owners of the 16 bit daughtercard: By default the daughtercard
+uses /dev/dsp (and /dev/audio). Command "ln -sf /dev/dsp1 /dev/dsp"
+selects the daughter card as the default device.
+
+With just the standard GUS enabled the configuration program prompts
+for the I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers for the card. Use the same values than
+with DOS.
+
+With the daughter card option enabled you will be prompted for the I/O,
+IRQ and DMA numbers for the daughter card. You have to use different I/O
+and DMA values than for the standard GUS. The daughter card permits
+simultaneous recording and playback. Use /dev/dsp (the daughtercard) for
+recording and /dev/dsp1 (GUS GF1) for playback.
+
+GUS MAX uses the same I/O address and IRQ settings than the original GUS
+(GUS MAX = GUS + a CS4231 codec). In addition an extra DMA channel may be used.
+Using two DMA channels permits simultaneous playback using two devices
+(dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The second DMA channel is required for
+full duplex audio.
+To enable the second DMA channels, give a valid DMA channel when the config
+program asks for the GUS MAX DMA (entering -1 disables the second DMA).
+Using 16 bit DMA channels (5,6 or 7) is recommended.
+
+If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use
+just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA
+channel if it's a 16 bit one.
+
+Microphone input of GUS MAX is connected to mixer in little bit nonstandard
+way. There is actually two microphone volume controls. Normal "mic" controls
+only recording level. Mixer control "speaker" is used to control volume of
+microphone signal connected directly to line/speaker out. So just decrease
+volume of "speaker" if you have problems with microphone feedback.
+
+GUS ACE works too but any attempt to record or to use the MIDI port
+will fail.
+
+GUS PnP (with RAM) is partially supported but it needs to be initialized using
+DOS or isapnptools before starting the driver.
+
+MPU401 and Windows Sound System
+-------------------------------
+
+Again. Don't enable these options in case your card is listed
+somewhere else in this file.
+
+Configuring these cards is obvious (or it should be). With MSS
+you should probably enable the OPL3 synth also since
+most MSS compatible cards have it. However check that this is true
+before enabling OPL3.
+
+Sound driver supports more than one MPU401 compatible cards at the same time
+but the config program asks config info for just the first of them.
+Adding the second or third MPU interfaces must be done manually by
+editing sound/local.h (after running the config program). Add defines for
+MPU2_BASE & MPU2_IRQ (and MPU3_BASE & MPU3_IRQ) to the file.
+
+CAUTION!
+
+The default I/O base of Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI controller is 0x330 which
+is also the default of the MPU401 driver. Don't configure the sound driver to
+use 0x330 as the MPU401 base if you have a AHA1542. The kernel will not boot
+if you make this mistake.
+
+PSS
+---
+
+Even the PSS cards are compatible with SB, MSS and MPU401, you must not
+enable these options when configuring the driver. The configuration
+program handles these options itself. (You may use the SB, MPU and MSS options
+together with PSS if you have another card on the system).
+
+The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB is not enabled 
+since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. The driver loads also a
+DSP algorithm which is used to for the general MIDI emulation. The
+algorithm file (.ld) is read by the config program and written to a
+file included when the pss.c is compiled. For this reason the config
+program asks if you want to download the file. Use the genmidi.ld file
+distributed with the DOS/Windows drivers of the card (don't use the mt32.ld).
+With some cards the file is called 'synth.ld'. You must have access to
+the file when configuring the driver. The easiest way is to mount the DOS
+partition containing the file with Linux. 
+
+It's possible to load your own DSP algorithms and run them with the card.
+Look at the directory pss_test of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz for more info.
+
+AudioTrix Pro
+-------------
+
+You have to enable the OPL3 and SB (not SB Pro or SB16) drivers in addition
+to the native AudioTrix driver. Don't enable MSS or MPU drivers.
+
+Configuring ATP is little bit tricky since it uses so many I/O, IRQ and
+DMA numbers. Using the same values than with DOS/Win is a good idea. Don't
+attempt to use the same IRQ or DMA channels twice.
+
+The SB mode of ATP is implemented so the ATP driver just enables SB
+in the proper address. The SB driver handles the rest. You have to configure
+both the SB driver and the SB mode of ATP to use the same IRQ, DMA and I/O
+settings.
+
+Also the ATP has a microcontroller for the General MIDI emulation (OPL4).
+For this reason the driver asks for the name of a file containing the
+microcode (TRXPRO.HEX). This file is usually located in the directory
+where the DOS drivers were installed. You must have access to this file
+when configuring the driver. 
+
+If you have the effects daughtercard, it must be initialized by running
+the setfx program of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. This step is not required
+when using the (future) binary distribution version of the driver.
+
+Ensoniq SoundScape
+------------------
+
+NOTE!   The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet. Soundscape compatible
+        cards made by Reveal don't work with Linux. They use older revision
+        of the Soundscape chipset which is not fully compatible with
+        newer cards made by Ensoniq.
+
+The SoundScape driver handles initialization of MSS and MPU supports
+itself so you don't need to enable other drivers than SoundScape
+(enable also the /dev/dsp, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports).
+
+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
+!!!!! NOTE! Before version 3.5-beta6 there WERE two sets of audio       !!!!
+!!!!!       device files (/dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The first one WAS   !!!!
+!!!!!       used only for card initialization and the second for audio  !!!!
+!!!!!       purposes. It WAS required to change /dev/dsp (a symlink) to !!!!
+!!!!!       point to /dev/dsp1.                                         !!!!
+!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
+!!!!!       This is not required with OSS versions 3.5-beta6 and later  !!!!
+!!!!!       since there is now just one audio device file. Please       !!!!
+!!!!!       change /dev/dsp to point back to /dev/dsp0 if you are       !!!!
+!!!!!       upgrading from an earlier driver version using              !!!!
+!!!!!       (cd /dev;rm dsp;ln -s dsp0 dsp).                            !!!!
+!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+The configuration program asks one DMA channel and two interrupts. One IRQ
+and one DMA is used by the MSS codec. The second IRQ is required for the
+MPU401 mode (you have to use different IRQs for both purposes).
+There were earlier two DMA channels for SoundScape but the current driver
+version requires just one.
+
+The SoundScape card has a Motorola microcontroller which must initialized
+_after_ boot (the driver doesn't initialize it during boot).
+The initialization is done by running the 'ssinit' program which is
+distributed in the snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. You have to edit two
+defines in the ssinit.c and then compile the program. You may run ssinit 
+manually (after each boot) or add it to /etc/rc.d/rc.local.
+
+The ssinit program needs the microcode file that comes with the DOS/Windows
+driver of the card. You will need to use version 1.30.00 or later
+of the microcode file (sndscape.co0 or sndscape.co1 depending on
+your card model). THE OLD sndscape.cod WILL NOT WORK. IT WILL HANG YOUR
+MACHINE. The only way to get the new microcode file is to download
+and install the DOS/Windows driver from ftp://ftp.ensoniq.com/pub.
+
+Then you have to select the proper microcode file to use: soundscape.co0
+is the right one for most cards and sndscape.co1 is for few (older) cards
+made by Reveal and/or Spea. The driver has capability to detect the card
+version during boot. Look at the boot log messages in /var/adm/messages
+and locate the sound driver initialization message for the SoundScape
+card. If the driver displays string <Ensoniq Soundscape (old)>, you have
+an old card and you will need to use sndscape.co1. For other cards use
+soundscape.co0. New Soundscape revisions such as Elite and PnP use
+code files with higher numbers (.co2, .co3, etc.).
+
+NOTE!   Ensoniq Soundscape VIVO is not compatible with other Soundscape cards.
+        Currently it's possible to use it in Linux only with OSS/Linux
+        drivers.
+
+Check /var/adm/messages after running ssinit. The driver prints
+the board version after downloading the microcode file. That version
+number must match the number in the name of the microcode file (extension).
+
+Running ssinit with a wrong version of the sndscape.co? file is not
+dangerous as long as you don't try to use a file called sndscape.cod.
+If you have initialized the card using a wrong microcode file (sounds
+are terrible), just modify ssinit.c to use another microcode file and try
+again. It's possible to use an earlier version of sndscape.co[01] but it
+may sound weird.
+
+MAD16 (Pro) and Mozart
+----------------------
+
+You need to enable just the MAD16 /Mozart support when configuring
+the driver. _Don't_ enable SB, MPU401 or MSS. However you will need the
+/dev/audio, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports.
+
+Mozart and OPTi 82C928 (the original MAD16) chips don't support
+MPU401 mode so enter just 0 when the configuration program asks the
+MPU/MIDI I/O base. The MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929) and 82C930 chips have MPU401
+mode.
+
+TB Tropez is based on the 82C929 chip. It has two MIDI ports.
+The one connected to the MAD16 chip is the second one (there is a second
+MIDI connector/pins somewhere??). If you have not connected the second MIDI
+port, just disable the MIDI port of MAD16. The 'Maui' compatible synth of
+Tropez is jumper configurable and not connected to the MAD16 chip (the
+Maui driver can be used with it).
+
+Some MAD16 based cards may cause feedback, whistle or terrible noise if the
+line3 mixer channel is turned too high. This happens at least with Shuttle
+Sound System. Current driver versions set volume of line3 low enough so
+this should not be a problem.
+
+If you have a MAD16 card which have an OPL4 (FM + Wave table) synthesizer
+chip (_not_ an OPL3), you have to append a line containing #define MAD16_OPL4
+to the file linux/drivers/sound/local.h (after running make config).
+
+MAD16 cards having a CS4231 codec support full duplex mode. This mode
+can be enabled by configuring the card to use two DMA channels. Possible
+DMA channel pairs are: 0&1, 1&0 and 3&0.
+
+NOTE! Cards having an OPTi 82C924/82C925 chip work with OSS/Free only in
+non-PnP mode (usually jumper selectable). The PnP mode is supported only
+by OSS/Linux.
+
+MV Jazz (ProSonic)
+------------------
+
+The Jazz16 driver is just a hack made to the SB Pro driver. However it works
+fairly well. You have to enable SB, SB Pro (_not_ SB16) and MPU401 supports
+when configuring the driver. The configuration program asks later if you
+want support for MV Jazz16 based cards (after asking SB base address). Answer
+'y' here and the driver asks the second (16 bit) DMA channel.
+
+The Jazz16 driver uses the MPU401 driver in a way which will cause
+problems if you have another MPU401 compatible card. In this case you must
+give address of the Jazz16 based MPU401 interface when the config
+program prompts for the MPU401 information. Then look at the MPU401
+specific section for instructions about configuring more than one MPU401 cards.
+
+Logitech Soundman Wave
+----------------------
+
+Read the above MV Jazz specific instructions first.
+
+The Logitech SoundMan Wave (don't confuse this with the SM16 or SM Games) is
+a MV Jazz based card which has an additional OPL4 based wave table
+synthesizer. The OPL4 chip is handled by an on board microcontroller
+which must be initialized during boot. The config program asks if
+you have a SM Wave immediately after asking the second DMA channel of jazz16.
+If you answer 'y', the config program will ask name of the file containing
+code to be loaded to the microcontroller. The file is usually called
+MIDI0001.BIN and it's located in the DOS/Windows driver directory. The file
+may also be called as TSUNAMI.BIN or something else (older cards?).
+
+The OPL4 synth will be inaccessible without loading the microcontroller code.
+
+Also remember to enable SB MPU401 support if you want to use the OPL4 mode.
+(Don't enable the 'normal' MPU401 device as with some earlier driver
+versions (pre 3.5-alpha8)).
+
+NOTE!   Don't answer 'y' when the driver asks about SM Games support
+        (the next question after the MIDI0001.BIN name). However
+        answering 'y' doesn't cause damage your computer so don't panic. 
+
+Sound Galaxies
+--------------
+
+There are many different Sound Galaxy cards made by Aztech. The 8 bit
+ones are fully SB or SB Pro compatible and there should be no problems
+with them. 
+
+The older 16 bit cards (SG Pro16, SG NX Pro16, Nova and Lyra) have
+an EEPROM chip for storing the configuration data. There is a microcontroller
+which initializes the card to match the EEPROM settings when the machine
+is powered on. These cards actually behave just like they have jumpers
+for all of the settings. Configure driver for MSS, MPU, SB/SB Pro  and OPL3 
+supports with these cards. 
+
+There are some new Sound Galaxies in the market. I have no experience with
+them so read the card's manual carefully.
+
+ESS ES1688 and ES688 'AudioDrive' based cards
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Support for these two ESS chips is embedded in the SB driver.
+Configure these cards just like SB. Enable the 'SB MPU401 MIDI port'
+if you want to use MIDI features of ES1688. ES688 doesn't have MPU mode
+so you don't need to enable it (the driver uses normal SB MIDI automatically
+with ES688).
+
+NOTE! ESS cards are not compatible with MSS/WSS so don't worry if MSS support
+of OSS doesn't work with it.
+
+There are some ES1688/688 based sound cards and (particularly) motherboards
+which use software configurable I/O port relocation feature of the chip.
+This ESS proprietary feature is supported only by OSS/Linux.
+
+There are ES1688 based cards which use different interrupt pin assignment than
+recommended by ESS (5, 7, 9/2 and 10). In this case all IRQs don't work.
+At least a card called (Pearl?) Hypersound 16 supports IRQ 15 but it doesn't
+work.
+
+ES1868 is a PnP chip which is (supposed to be) compatible with ESS1688
+probably works with OSS/Free after initialization using isapnptools.
+
+Reveal cards
+------------
+
+There are several different cards made/marketed by Reveal. Some of them
+are compatible with SoundScape and some use the MAD16 chip. You may have
+to look at the card and try to identify its origin.
+
+Diamond
+-------
+
+The oldest (Sierra Aria based) sound cards made by Diamond are not supported
+(they may work if the card is initialized using DOS). The recent (LX?)
+models are based on the MAD16 chip which is supported by the driver.
+
+Audio Excel DSP16
+-----------------
+
+Support for this card is currently not functional. A new driver for it
+should be available later this year.
+
+PCMCIA cards
+------------
+
+Sorry, can't help. Some cards may work and some don't.
+
+TI TM4000M notebooks
+--------------------
+
+These computers have a built in sound support based on the Jazz chipset.
+Look at the instructions for MV Jazz (above). It's also important to note
+that there is something wrong with the mouse port and sound at least on
+some TM models. Don't enable the "C&T 82C710 mouse port support" when
+configuring Linux. Having it enabled is likely to cause mysterious problems
+and kernel failures when sound is used.
+
+miroSOUND
+---------
+
+The miroSOUND PCM1-pro, PCM12 and PCM20 radio has been used
+successfully. These cards are based on the MAD16, OPL4, and CS4231A chips
+and everything said in the section about MAD16 cards applies here,
+too. The only major difference between the PCMxx and other MAD16 cards
+is that instead of the mixer in the CS4231 codec a separate mixer
+controlled by an on-board 80C32 microcontroller is used. Control of
+the mixer takes place via the ACI (miro's audio control interface)
+protocol that is implemented in a separate lowlevel driver. Make sure
+you compile this ACI driver together with the normal MAD16 support
+when you use a miroSOUND PCMxx card. The ACI mixer is controlled by
+/dev/mixer and the CS4231 mixer by /dev/mixer1 (depends on load
+time). Only in special cases you want to change something regularly on
+the CS4231 mixer.
+
+The miroSOUND PCM12 and PCM20 radio is capable of full duplex
+operation (simultaneous PCM replay and recording), which allows you to
+implement nice real-time signal processing audio effect software and
+network telephones. The ACI mixer has to be switched into the "solo"
+mode for duplex operation in order to avoid feedback caused by the
+mixer (input hears output signal). You can de-/activate this mode
+through toggleing the record button for the wave controller with an
+OSS-mixer.
+
+The PCM20 contains a radio tuner, which is also controlled by
+ACI. This radio tuner is supported by the ACI driver together with the
+miropcm20.o module. Also the 7-band equalizer is integrated
+(limited by the OSS-design). Developement has started and maybe
+finished for the RDS decoder on this card, too. You will be able to
+read RadioText, the Programme Service name, Programme TYpe and
+others. Even the v4l radio module benefits from it with a refined
+strength value. See aci.[ch] and miropcm20*.[ch] for more details.
+
+The following configuration parameters have worked fine for the PCM12
+in Markus Kuhn's system, many other configurations might work, too:
+CONFIG_MAD16_BASE=0x530, CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=11, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=3, 
+CONFIG_MAD16_DMA2=0, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_BASE=0x330, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=10,
+DSP_BUFFSIZE=65536, SELECTED_SOUND_OPTIONS=0x00281000.
+
+Bas van der Linden is using his PCM1-pro with a configuration that
+differs in: CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=7, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=1, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=9
+
+Compaq Deskpro XL
+-----------------
+
+The builtin sound hardware of Compaq Deskpro XL is now supported. 
+You need to configure the driver with MSS and OPL3 supports enabled.
+In addition you need to manually edit linux/drivers/sound/local.h and
+to add a line containing "#define DESKPROXL" if you used 
+make menuconfig/xconfig.
+
+Others?
+-------
+
+Since there are so many different sound cards, it's likely that I have 
+forgotten to mention many of them. Please inform me if you know yet another
+card which works with Linux, please inform me (or is anybody else
+willing to maintain a database of supported cards (just like in XF86)?).
+
+Cards not supported yet
+=======================
+
+Please check the version of sound driver you are using before 
+complaining that your card is not supported. It's possible you are 
+using a driver version which was released months before your card was
+introduced.
+
+First of all, there is an easy way to make most sound cards work with Linux.
+Just use the DOS based driver to initialize the card to a known state, then use
+loadlin.exe to boot Linux. If Linux is configured to use the same I/O, IRQ and
+DMA numbers as DOS, the card could work.
+(ctrl-alt-del can be used in place of loadlin.exe but it doesn't work with
+new motherboards). This method works also with all/most PnP sound cards.
+
+Don't get fooled with SB compatibility. Most cards are compatible with
+SB but that may require a TSR which is not possible with Linux. If
+the card is compatible with MSS, it's a better choice. Some cards
+don't work in the SB and MSS modes at the same time.
+
+Then there are cards which are no longer manufactured and/or which
+are relatively rarely used (such as the 8 bit ProAudioSpectrum
+models). It's extremely unlikely that such cards ever get supported.
+Adding support for a new card requires much work and increases time
+required in maintaining the driver (some changes need to be done
+to all low level drivers and be tested too, maybe with multiple
+operating systems). For this reason I have made a decision to not support
+obsolete cards. It's possible that someone else makes a separately 
+distributed driver (diffs) for the card. 
+
+Writing a driver for a new card is not possible if there are no 
+programming information available about the card. If you don't
+find your new card from this file, look from the home page 
+(http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). Then please contact
+manufacturer of the card and ask if they have (or are willing to)
+released technical details of the card. Do this before contacting me. I
+can only answer 'no' if there are no programming information available.
+
+I have made decision to not accept code based on reverse engineering
+to the driver. There are three main reasons: First I don't want to break
+relationships to sound card manufacturers. The second reason is that
+maintaining and supporting a driver without any specs will be a pain.
+The third reason is that companies have freedom to refuse selling their
+products to other than Windows users.
+
+Some companies don't give low level technical information about their
+products to public or at least their require signing a NDA. It's not
+possible to implement a freeware driver for them. However it's possible
+that support for such cards become available in the commercial version
+of this driver (see http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info).
+
+There are some common audio chipsets that are not supported yet. For example
+Sierra Aria and IBM Mwave. It's possible that these architectures
+get some support in future but I can't make any promises. Just look
+at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/new_cards.html)
+for latest info.
+
+Information about unsupported sound cards and chipsets is welcome as well
+as free copies of sound cards, SDKs and operating systems.
+
+If you have any corrections and/or comments, please contact me.
+
+Hannu Savolainen
+hannu@opensound.com
+
+Personal home page:        http://www.compusonic.fi/~hannu
+home page of OSS/Free: http://www.opensound.com/ossfree
+
+home page of commercial OSS
+(Open Sound System) drivers: http://www.opensound.com/oss.html